Chapter IX: Section IV: The Insects

THE INSECT COLLECTION.[1]

A collection of insects was formed and placed on exhibition during the early summer of 1910. While this first exhibit was not elaborate, it excited such interest that it was decided to enlarge it, by taking advantage of the season which then was at its best for insect collecting.

A series of long shelves has been built in the Pavilion between the Small-Mammal House and the Ostrich House, and thirty-five glass-fronted cages, together with a row of aquaria for aquatic specimens, were installed. A number of collecting trips were made into the country within a radius of twenty-five miles of the city, with such marked success, that by the middle of July the collection was pronounced by a number of visitors to equal in interest any exhibition of the kind heretofore attempted in this country, or in Europe. In view of the marked interest created by this display, the insect collection will hereafter be a permanent feature of the Park.

There are so many possibilities in exhibiting living insects that it is difficult to select groups to feature for the summer. Our efforts were first directed toward exhibiting a series of the different insects that sing, and also a series of species injurious to the interests of the agriculturists, together with a number of the insects that prey upon the noxious species. The collection of singing insects was a marked success and will hereafter be continued each summer.

We are gathering from both the Old World and the New, a fine collection of the larger silk moths. The cocoons will be shown on panels, and inasmuch as a number of the moths will be emerging daily, this exhibit should be instructive. During the winter the insect collection is made up largely of tropical species; and in this series we include the large bird-killing spiders, scorpions and centipedes, even though these creatures are not to be classified as true insects.

The collection of singing insects of the past summer was composed of the meadow locust, greater and lesser cone-headed locust, the Katy-did, broad-winged locust, field cricket, lesser field cricket, smooth-winged cricket and two species of the tree crickets. There were about five hundred specimens in the collection, and at times the noise made by them was so great that visitors had to shout to one another to make their own voices audible. The sounds coming from this collection varied according to the time of day. It was late in the afternoon, when the larger locusts commenced their singing (which continued throughout the night), and inasmuch as the strictly diurnal species were yet active, the insect chorus was quite vociferous.

It is only with considerable difficulty that singing insects are collected. The best time to capture them is at night, when the collector stalks the loudest singers, and by approaching within definite investigating distance, can accurately locate the insects by bringing into use an electric flash-lamp. The glare of the light usually causes the insect to stop its calls, but it remains motionless upon a branch or leaf and may be grasped with a delicate pair of forceps, provided the movements of the collector’s arm are performed outside the rays of light. If the locust has become silent and cannot be detected when the light is thrown upon it, the collector simply switches off the light and remains quiet. In a few minutes the creature continues its song, when its exact location is again determined. In this way the night songsters of a big meadow are collected, one by one, and the collector leaves behind him a silent field that a few hours before resounded with the stridulations of the insect chorus.

Among the more interesting insects exhibited, in our series are to be found the walking-stick, the praying mantis, the huge red-winged locust of the South, the Egyptian scarab, the luminous beetle of Central and South America, and broods of silk worm. The life history of the mosquito will be permanently illustrated in a series of tanks, and adjoining these an exhibit of natural enemies of these pests.

The insect collection is supplied with interesting descriptive labels. During the latter part of spring it is removed from the Reptile House, where, during the winter the number of its cages are much reduced, and replaced in the quarters occupied during the summer.

INDEX.

A
Access, means of, 16
Admission, 17
_Aix galericulata_, 155
_sponsa_, 155
Agouti, 111
Alpaca, 54, 56
_Amblystoma tigrinum_, 183
_Amphiuma means_, 185
Anaconda, 179
_Anas boschas_, 153
_Ancistrodon contortrix_, 181
_piscivorus_, 181
_Anser anser_, 134
_albifrons_, 134
Ant-eater, great, 113
Antelope, addax, 39
beatrix, 40
beisa, 40
duiker, 47
prong-horned, 51
sable, 39, 40, 43
sabre, 39
sasin, 46, 47
Antelopes, small African, 46
_Anthropopithecus calvus_, 81, 84
_Anthropoides virgo_, 168
_Antidorcas_, 48
_Antigone antigone_, 168
_Antilocapra americana_, 51
_Antilocapridae_, 51
_Antilope cervicapra_, 47
Antlers, development of, 59, 61
Aoudad, 34
Ape Barbary, 86
black, 86
_Aquila chrysaetos_, 145
_Arctictis binturong_, 108
_Ardea americana_, 138
_herodias_, 138
_Argusianus argus_, 161
Armadillo, nine-banded, 112
six-banded, 112, 114
three-banded, 112
Ass, Persian Wild, 66
Aurochs, 29
Aviary, eagle and vulture, 143
goose, 133
pheasant, 155
_Axis axis_, 67
Axis deer, 67
_Aythya americana_, 154
_vallisneria_, 154

B
Baboon, 85
golden, 86
hamadryas, 86
long-armed yellow, 86
Bactrachians, 182
Badger, American, 110
European, 110
_Balearica pavonina_, 169
_Bascanium constrictor_, 179
Bear, Admiralty, 124
Andean black, 125
black, 124
brown, 125, 127
hairy-eared, 126
Himalayan black, 126
Isabella, 126
Japanese black, 127
Peninsula, 123
Polar, 120, 121, 122
sloth, 127
spectacled, 125, 126
Syrian, 125
Yakutat, 122
Beaver, American, 110, 129
Big-horn, 32
Binturong, 108
Birds, list of, 152
Bison, American, 26, 27
European, 27
ranges, 26
Black buck, 47
_Blastoceros paludosus_, 44
Blessbok, 41
_Bos americanus_, 27
_primigenius_, 29
_Bradypus tridactylus_, 114
_Branta canadensis_, 134
Brocket, black-faced, 45
_Bubo bubo_, 141
_lacteus_, 142
_virginianus_, 142
_Bufo lentiginosus_, 183
Burrhel, 32, 34
_Buteo borealis_, 144

C
Cage, flying, 135, 136
Camel, bactrian, 53, 54
_Camelus dromedarius_, 55
Cameloids, 55
_Canis azarae_, 109
_dingo_, 109
_latrans_, 99
_mesomelas_, 108
_nubilis_, 98
Capybara, 111
Caribou, woodland, 62
Barren-Ground, 63
_Casarca casarca_, 155
_variegata_, 155
Cassowary, Ceram, 165
_Castor canadensis_, 110, 129
Cat, common civet, 107
jungle, 106
Malayan, 107
margay, 106
wild, 107
yaguarundi, 106
_Catharista urubu_, 144
_urobitinga_, 144
_Cebus hypoleucus_, 81
_Cephalophus grimmi_, 47
_Cercocebus collaris_, 81, 87
_Cervicapra arundinum_, 47
_Cervus canadensis_, 57
_canadensis asiaticus_, 70
_duvauceli_, 70
_elaphus_, 71
_eldi_, 69
_equinus_, 70
_maral_, 71
_moluccensis_, 45
_muntjac_, 45
_porcinus_, 45
_schomburgki_, 44
_unicolor_, 45, 70
Chameleon, 179
Chamois, 33, 35
Cheetah, 77
_Chelydra serpentina_, 173
_Chelonia_, 172
_Chen hyperborea_, 135
_Chenopsis atrata_, 135
Chimpanzee, 81, 84
_Choloepus hoffmani_, 114
_Chrysemys picta_, 173
_Chrysolophus amherstiae_, 158
_Chrysolophus pictus_, 158
_Chrysothrix sciurea_, 81, 88
_Ciconia ciconia_, 138
_Cistudo carolina_, 173
Coati-mundi, 109
red, 109
white-nosed, 109
Cobra-de-capello, 181
king, 180
_Cobus unctuosus_, 41
Collections, arrangement of, 11
census of, 11
_Connochaetes gnu_, 38
_albojubatus_, 39
Condor, California, 144
South American, 143
_Corvidae_, 152
_Coscoroba coscoroba_, 135
Coyote, 99, 100
Crane, Asiatic, white, 168
crowned, 169
demoiselle, 167, 168
little brown, 167
paradise, 168
sandhill, 138, 167
sarus, 168
whooping, 167, 169
Crocodile, American, 176
broad-nosed, 177
Florida, 176
sharp-nosed Orinoco, 176
_Crocodilus acutus_, 176
_acutus floridanus_, 176
_intermedius_, 176
_osteolaemus tetraspis_, 177
_Crotalus adamanteus_, 181
_Cryptobranchus allegheniensis_, 184
_Ctenosaura acanthura_, 177
_Cyclura cornuta_, 177
_Cynomys ludovicianus_, 118
_Cygnus buccinator_, 135
_olor_, 134

D
_Dama vulgaris_, 68
_Damaliscus albifrons_, 41
_Dasyprocta_, 111
_Dasypus sexcinctus_, 112
Deer, axis, 67, 68
barasingha, 70
Columbian black-tailed, 62
Eld, 69
European red, 71
fallow, 68
hog, 45
horse-tailed, 70
Japanese sika, 67
jumping, 60
maral, 71
marsh, 44
Molucca, 45
mule, 60
musk, 46
Osceola, white-tailed, 43
rib-faced, 45
Indian sambar, 70
Malay sambar, 70
Schomburgk, 44
Sinaloa white-tailed, 44
swamp, 70
white-tailed, 62
Dens, bear, 119
fox, 101
wolf, 98
Dingo, 109
Dog, Australian, 109
Azara, 109
raccoon, 109
Dromedary, 55
_Dromaeus novae-hollandiae_, 165
Duck, canvas back, 154
lesser scaup, 155
mallard, 153
mandarin, 155
pintail, 153
red-head, 154
shoveller, 154
wood, 155
Duiker, antelope, 47

E
Eagle, bald, 146
bateleur, 145
golden, 145
harpy, 144
vulturine sea, 146
white-breasted, 146
Egret, American, 140
snowy, 139
_Egretta candidissima_, 139
Eland, 38, 42
_Elaps fulvius_, 180
Elephant, Indian, 91, 92
Sudan African, 92, 93
West African, 93
_Elephas, capensis_, 92
_cyclotis_, 92, 93
_indicus_, 91
_knochenhaueri_, 92
_oxyotis_, 92
Elk, American, 57
Entrances, 17
_Equus burchelli chapmani_, 66
_burchelli granti_, 65
_grevyi_, 65
_onager_, 66
_persicus_, 66
_prjevalskii_, 64
_zebra_, 64
_Erethizon dorsatus_, 110
_Eulabia indica_, 134
_Eunectes murinus_, 179

F
_Falco islandus_, 146
Fallow Deer, 68
_Felis bengalensis_, 106
_concolor_, 78
_Felis nebulosa_, 105
_onca_, 76
_pardalis_, 106
_serval_, 105
_tigrina_, 106
_uncia_, 77
_yaguarundi_, 106
_Florida caerulea_, 139
Forests, 23
Four-horned antelope, 47
Flamingo, American, 136
European, 137
Fox, Arctic, 108
black, 101
blue, 108
cross, 101
gray, 102
kit, 101, 108
large-eared swift, 102
New Mexico, desert, 108
red, 101, 103
silver, 101
swift, 101, 102, 108
Frog, smooth-clawed, 183
tree, 183
wood, 183

G
_Gazella benneti_, 49
_dorcas_, 48
Gazelle, dorcas, 48
Indian, 49
_Gennaeas nycthemerus_, 159
Gibbon, 84
Gila monster, 179
_Giraffa camelopardalis_, 36, 37, 38
_capensis_, 37
_reticulata_, 37
Giraffe, five-horned, 37
Nubian, 36, 38
two-horned, 37
Gnu, brindled, 39
white-tailed, 38, 41
Goat, Persian wild, 33
Rocky Mountain, 33, 49, 50
Goose, African spur-winged, 134
bar-headed, 134
Canada, 134
coscoroba, 135
gray-lag, 134
snow, 135
white-fronted, 134
Grounds, physical aspect of, 21
_Grus americana_, 167
_mexicana_, 167
_Guara rubra_, 137
Guanaco, 56
_Gymnogyps californianus_, 144
_Gypaetus barbatus_, 145
_Gypagus papa_, 143
_Gypohierax angolensis_, 146
_Gyps pulvus_, 144

H
_Haliaëtus leucocephalus_, 146
_leucogaster_, 146
_Hapale jacchus_, 81, 88
Hawk, red-tailed, 144
Hellbender, 184
_Helotarsus ecaudatus_, 145
_Hemitragus jemlaicus_, 34
Heron, black-crowned, 139
great blue, 138
great white, 138
little blue, 139
Louisiana, 139
snowy, 139
_Herodias egretta_, 140
_Herpestes ichneumon_, 108
Hippopotamus, 96, 97
_Hippotragus niger_, 39, 40
Hog Deer, 45
Horned “toad,” 178
Horse, Prjevalsky, 64, 65
House, antelope, 35, 36
aquatic-bird, 141
camel, 53
elephant, 89
large bird, 146
lion, 71, 72
llama, 55
ostrich, 162
primate, 80
puma and lynx, 115
reptile, 171
small-deer, 42, 44
small-mammal, 104
zebra, 63
_Hydrochaerus capybara_, 111
_Hylobates leuciscus_, 81, 84
_Hystrix cristata_, 110
_longicauda_, 110

I
Ibis, scarlet, 137
white-faced, 137
wood, 137
Ichneumon, African, 108
_Icteridae_, 152
Iguana, Mexican, 177
rhinoceros, 177
South American, 177
_tuberculata_, 177
Income, sources of, 13
Insects, 185

J
Jackal, black-backed, 108
Jaguar, 76
Jungle cat, 106

L
_Lacerta viridis_, 178
_Lama glama_, 56
_guanacus_, 56
_pacos_, 56
_vicunia_, 56
Lammergeyer, 145
Llama, 56
Leopard, 76
black, 77
clouded, 105
hunting, 77
snow, 75, 77
_Lemur catta_, 81, 89
ring-tailed, 81, 89
ruffed, 89
slow, 81, 89
_varia_, 89
Leucoryx antelope, 39, 41
Lion, 73
Barbary, 74
mountain, 78
Lizards, 177
Location of Park, 15
_Lophophorus impeyanus_, 161
_Lutra canadensis_, 103
Lynx, bay, 107
Canada, 116
spotted, 107

M
_Macacus entellus_, 81, 86
_fuscatus_, 81, 86, 88
_nemestrinus_, 81, 86, 88
_rhesus_, 81, 86
Macaws, 149
_Macropus rufus_, 50
Mammals, 25
burrowing, 116
egg-laying, 115
toothless, 112
Mandrill, 85
Margay cat, 106
Markhor Suleiman, 31, 33
Marmoset, 81, 88
Marsh deer, 44
_Mazama tema_, 45
_Meleagris gallopavo silvestris_, 146
_Meles taxus_, 110
Molucca deer, 45
Monkey, black spider, 87
entellus, 86
gray spider, 87
green, 87
howling, 87
mona, 87
pig-tailed, 86, 88
rhesus, 86
squirrel, 88
_Moschus moschiferus_, 46
Mouflon, 32, 34
Mountain sheep, big-horn, 32
Mud eel, 185
puppy, 185
Muntjac deer, 45
Musk deer, 46
Musk-ox, 31
_Myopotamus coypu_, 104
_Myrmecophaga jubata_, 113

N
_Nasua rufa_, 109
_Naja bungaris_, 180
_tripudians_, 181
_Necturus maculatus_, 185
_Nettion carolinensis_, 153
Nilgai, 41
_Nyctea nyctea_, 142
_Nyctereutes procyonoides_, 109

O
Ocelot, 106
_Odocoileus columbianus_, 60, 62
_hemionus_, 60
_sinaloae_, 44
_virginianus_, 62
_virginianus osceola_, 43
Onager, 66
Ophidia, 179
_Ophiosauris ventralis_, 178
Orang-utan, 83, 84
_Oreamnos montanus_, 50
_Oryx_, _beatrix_, 40
_beisa_, 40
_leucoryx_, 39
Otter, American, 103
_Otus asio_, 142
Ounce, 77
_Ovibos wardi_, 31
_Ovis burrhel_, 34
_canadensis_, 32
_cycloceros_, 34
_musimon_, 34
_tragelaphus_, 34
Owl, barred, 142
giant eagle, 141
great horned, 141
milky, eagle, 141
screech, 142
snowy, 141

P
_Papio babuin_, 81, 85
_hamadryas_, 81, 86
_mormon_, 81, 85
Paradoxure, black, 108
Malayan, 108
white-whiskered, 107
_Paradoxurus hermaphroditus_, 108
_leucomystax_, 107
_niger_, 108
_Passeres_, 151
Pelicans, 140
_Pelicanus occidentalis_, 140
_erthrorhynchus_, 140
Peccary, collared, 50
_Phacochaerus aethiopicus_, 50
_Phasianus colchicus_, 160
_mongolicus_, 160
_soemmerringii_, 160
_torquatus_, 160
Pheasant, Amherst, 158
Argus, 161
copper, 160
English, 160
golden, 158
impeyan, 161
Mongolian, 160
Reeve, 160
ring-necked, 160
silver, 159
Soemmerring, 160
_Pheonicopterus ruber_, 136
_roseus_, 137
_Phrynosoma_, 178
Pigeon, bleeding-heart, 149
great crowned, 150
_Pipa americana_, 183
_Plegadis guarauna_, 137
Porcupine, African, 110, 111
Brazilian tree, 131
Canada, 110
Indian crestless, 110
_Portax tragocamelus_, 41
_Potamochaerus pencillatus_, 50
Prairie “dog” village, 118
Primates, 81
Puma, 78, 116
Python, regal, 179
rock, 179
_reticulatus_, 179
_sebae_, 179

Q
_Querquedula discors_, 153

R
Rabbit family, 117
_Rana catesbiana_, 182
_sylvatica_, 183
_Rangifer, caribou_, 62
_granti_, 63
_osborni_, 63
_stonei_, 63
_tarandus_, 63
Rat, coypu, 104
Rattlesnake, diamond-back, 181
Red river-hog, 50
Reedbuck, 47
Reindeer, Lapland, 63
Reptiles, 171
synopsis, 172
venomous, 180
Restaurant, Rocking Stone, 19
Rhea, 164
Rhinoceros, African two-horned, 94
Indian, 95
white, 96
square-mouthed, 96
_bicornis_, 94
_unicornis_, 95
Rodents, list of, 131
Rodent-Reptile collection, 130
Rocking Stone, 23
_Rupicapra tragus_, 35

S
Sable antelope, 40, 43
Salamander, spotted, 183
tiger, 183
Sapajou, 87
_Sarcogeranus leucogeranus_, 168
Sasin antelope, 47
Seal, harbor, 80
Sea-lion, California, 78
Secretary bird, 166
_Serpentarius serpentarius_, 166
Serval, 105
Sewellel family, 117
Sheep, arcal, 32, 34
arcal mountain, 34
Barbary wild, 34
blue mountain, 34
Sheldrake, paradise, 155
ruddy, 155
tadorna, 155
Siamang, 89
_Siren lacertina_, 185
Sloths, 114
Snake, black, 179
coral, 180
garter, 180
harlequin, 180
hog-nosed, 180
Springbuck, 48
Squirrels, 117
Statistics, 10
Stork, white, 138
_Struthio australis_, 163
_camelus_, 164
Suricate, 108
Swan, black, 135
mute, 134
trumpeter, 135
_Syrmaticus reevesi_, 160
_Syrnium varium_, 142

T
_Tadorna tadorna_, 155
_Tagassu angulatum_, 50
Tahr, Himalayan, 32
Tamandua, 112, 114
_Tantalus loculator_, 137
Tapirs, 97, 98
_Tapirus indicus_, 98
_terrestris_, 97
_Tatu novemcinctum_, 112
_Taurotragus oryx_, 38
_Taxidea americana_, 110
Tegu, 178
Telegalla, 166
_Testudo, carolina_, 174
_elephantina_, 174
_nigrita_, 174
_tabulata_, 174
_vicina_, 174
_Tetraceros quadricornis_, 47
_Tetrapteryx paradisea_, 168
_Thrasaetus harpyia_, 144
_Thylacinus cynocephalus_, 103
Tiger, 75
Toad, common, 183
surinam, 183
Tortoise, box, 173
giant, 173, 174
gopher, 174
South American, 174
Turkey, brush, 166
wild, 146
Turtle, alligator, 173
marine, 175
painted, 173
snapping, 173
soft-shell, 175

U
Ungulates, summary of, 25
_Urocyon virginianus_, 102
_Ursus, americanus_, 121, 124
_arctos_, 125
_dalli_, 120, 122
_emmonsi_, 121
_eulophus_, 120, 124
_floridanus_, 121
_gyas_, 120, 123
_horribilis_, 121, 124
_horribilis horriaeus_, 121
_japonicus_, 127
_kermodei_, 121
_labiatus_, 127
_luteolus_, 121
_maritimus_, 120, 121
_middendorffi_, 120
_ornatus_, 125
_ornatus_, thomasi, 125
_piscator_, 126
_richardsoni_, 121
_torquatus_, 126

V
_Varanus gouldii_, 178
Vervet, 87
Vicunia, 55, 56
_Viverra malaccensis_, 107
_zibetha_, 107
_Vulpes fulvus_, 101
_fulvus argentatus_, 101
_fulvus decussatus_, 101
_macrotis,_ 102
_macrotis neomexicanus_, 108
_lagopus_, 108
_velox_, 101
Vulture, bearded, 145
black, 144
eared, 144
griffon, 144
king, 143
yellow-headed, 144

W
Walrus, Atlantic, 79
Wapiti, Altai, 70
American, 57
tashkent, 70
Wart-hog, 50
Waterbuck, sing-sing, 41
Waterfall, 22
White-tailed deer, 43
Wichita Game Reserve, 28
Wild-fowl pond, 153
Wolf, gray, 99
prairie, 99, 100
Tasmanian, 103

X
_Xenopus laevis_, 184

Y
Yaguarundi cat, 106
_Zalophus californianus_, 78

Z
Zebra, Chapman, 66
Grant, 64, 65
Grevy, 65
mountain, 64

Footnotes

[1]This interesting collection was formed, installed and labeled by
Curator R. L. Ditmars, with the assistance of Mr. Charles Snyder and
other members of the Department of Reptiles.

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photogravure and four colors. Price, 10c. each postpaid.
_Animal Art Stamps_: A series of 130 subjects, each stamp 2⅛ × 3,
printed from four color plates. Sold in sets of 20 stamps for
10 cents. Album containing 10 stamps, providing space for
entire series, 15 cents. Postage 2 cents. Album and complete
series of 6 sets, 75 cents. Postage 3 cents.

Address all inquiries and orders to

H. R. MITCHELL,
Manager of Privileges,
Zoological Park, 185th St. & Southern Boulevard. New York City.

Rocking-Stone Restaurant

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
is public-domain in the country of publication.

—Corrected a few palpable typographical errors and invalid index
entries.

—Swapped entries in the table of illustrations to match the actual
order.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
_underscores_.