Chapter III: Literature Is Distributed

(1) In the Railroad Rooms. (2) In the Detention Rooms, where immigrants are detained in large numbers, sometimes for months. (3) In the hospitals, where many immigrants are detained and literature is most welcome.

CHARLES A. CARROL,
Chairman of the Committee.

The Clothing of the Immigrants at Ellis Island, N. Y.

One of the most important items in the work of the missionaries at Ellis Island is the work of providing suitable clothing and shoes for the many aliens detained at the Island. Only by strict adherence to certain principles can the work be a real success. The first of these principles is: Never give an alien that which is beneath his dignity to wear or to use. This may sound strange, but is nevertheless very important. All the aliens, except stowaways and warrant cases, bring their wearing apparel with them. Stowaways are as a rule not very particular. Warrant cases, since they have been in this country and know how to dress, are quite particular. The average alien will not look with favor upon any person who offers him a garment which is worn out, or which he would be ashamed to wear at home. There are other difficulties. Some of the aliens will not accept for instance an old lady's overcoat which was worn 20 years ago. Of such we receive quite an overwhelming number. Others cling strongly to their home fashions and will only accept such things as in some manner correspond to their accustomed styles. The second principle is: to give only to the really needy. Caution is necessary. Some immigrants are greedy, they accept everything which is offered, put it into their hampers, and keep on wearing their old worn-out duds in the hope of receiving still more gifts. _Another_ principle is to try and _fit_ the alien as well as possible. If the coat or shoes fit him, he will wear them with pleasure and will not feel ridiculous among his fellows.

_Another_ principle is to study the social training and tastes of the immigrants and if they need clothes give such things as will make their appearance more respectable. One of the purposes of the clothes department is: to have the alien appear before the Board of Special Inquiry as neat and respectable looking as possible, so that he may be judged as he would look under ordinary circumstances, not as he arrives after a lengthy trip in the steerage. _Another_ principle is: not to overlap. Where there is a number of missionaries there is always the danger of overlapping in the distribution of gifts.

At Ellis Island a clothes room of moderate proportions is in use. It is divided into sections, and clothes are kept separately for men, women, and children. Shoes and other things have their proper places. A great deal of valuable time is consumed in sorting out the things which are utterly unfit to give away. We cannot insist too strongly upon the necessity of not sending things which are useless, worn out, or ridiculous. The average alien has a great deal more knowledge and taste than he is credited with by the donors in various churches. Shoes and clothes ought to be at least in good repair. It would be far better to send fewer and better things, than to send great boxes of indifferent material.

_The greatest needs._ Underwear, suitable to the season of year, shoes of large proportions, men's overcoats, socks and stockings for all, infants' outfits for the newly born, and children's clothes are always welcome and appreciated. Also a lot of other things seldom received, garters, suspenders, toilet articles, such as combs, finecombs, shaving mugs, brushes, etc. All these things are needed every day. The most essential principle of all this work, however, is for the missionary to put heart into it, and not to let the recipient feel that the work is done perfunctorily or with aversion. The missionary sometimes must even show how to make use of the gift and must see to it that the clothes are actually worn, etc. It is a blessed work if properly done.

REV. P. H. LAND,
Chairman of the Committee.

Missionary Work in the Immigrant Hospital, Ellis Island

The daily visits of the missionaries in the hospital wards on Ellis Island have proved a great blessing and a help to the immigrants. We are also in various ways helpful to the doctors and nurses in their attentions to the patients, and very often act as an interpreter. The missionaries are particularly responsible for those people in whose languages they are able to converse. They visit these daily, if possible or advisable, but they also pay attention by little gifts and sympathy to the other patients in the ward, and by doing so become friends to everybody. Our first object in visiting new arrivals is to let them know that the relatives who traveled with them on the same ship are waiting for them in the large Immigration Detention Rooms and will not leave before the sick one is discharged from the hospital. This is always welcome news, for most all the poor, helpless patients seem to be under the impression that their friends have left them when separated from them by the doctors. After a little explanation and comforting words, we leave (if advisable) some good literature with them and promise soon to call again and bring greetings from their loved ones. As they see us talking to other patients, they find confidence and take courage among the strangers, and wait anxiously our return. We visit all the wards in the hospital except the contagious hospital, where the missionaries are allowed only by special permission from the Superintendent or doctors. The missionaries are called upon to supply the patients with the most necessary articles of clothing to those discharged from the hospital, and also to supply many children and adults with shoes and stockings when under treatment for trachoma or any other disease, which does not confine the patients to the bed. They furnish the outfit for new-born infants for which the mothers had no chance to provide, or were too poor to do so. We bring tags, picture books, dolls and other little gifts to the sick and lonesome children. To the adults we carry newspapers and magazines in different languages, books, gospels and tracts. On Christmas we place trees in the different wards and give appropriate presents to all the patients. The missionaries communicate with the relatives or friends of the sick aliens. In case of death they assist in every way possible. Pastors often officiate at the funeral services.

MARTHA M. TROECK,
Chairman of Hospital Committee.

Committee on Appeals and Petitions

When a case is excluded at Ellis Island an appeal is allowed to the Secretary of Labor in Washington, as a higher "court," except when the exclusion is because of certain contagious disease, mental inferiority and the like.

The missionaries at Ellis Island not infrequently write the appeals, endeavoring to bring out points in the cases which strengthen the appellants' cause.

They also make petitions for hospital treatment for such unappealable cases as sufferers from trachoma, hookworm, etc. This treatment, if allowed by the Secretary of Labor, is at the expense of the aliens' relatives. If the afflicted person is cured, he or she is, if otherwise eligible to land, admitted to the country.

ELIOT WHITE,
For the Committee.

In the complete working out of this plan the proper method will be for any missionary wishing to file an appeal, to confer with this Committee, and especially so before making an appeal to the Secretary of Labor in Washington. In some instances at least, this will be a protection for the missionary against unwise petitions of friends and relatives.

Follow-up Committee

This Committee is to be the connecting link between the Ports of Entry and the inland work. The missionaries fill out blanks, giving the name and destination of the arriving immigrant. These blanks are given to the Follow-up Committee and duplicates with a letter are forwarded to a pastor or worker in the place of the immigrant's destination with a request that the family be visited, and a reply sent on the postal card enclosed with the letter. In this short period 198 names have been forwarded. It is, however, too soon to measure the value of this work.

MRS. MARIE CONVERSANO,
For the Committee.

The effectiveness of the work of this Committee necessitates having a list of pastors and workers in the entire country. This will be greatly simplified by the appointment of local interdenominational committees such as have been appointed in several towns and cities. It can be made a most important force in correlating the work of the different Ports of Entry, and strengthening our inland missionary work.

Committee of Religious Services

Commissioner Howe having given his consent to the holding of Religious Services, five of these were conducted in the spring and summer of 1915, under the auspices of the missionaries representing the Congregational, Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist, and Presbyterian Churches.

At present the best available hour on Sundays (2.30 to 3.30 p.m.) is occupied usually by a concert, so that the services have been somewhat interfered with. It is hoped, however, soon to meet this difficulty.

E. WHITE,
For the Committee.

This year frequently the missionaries have met once a week in a prayer service. During the year weekly entertainments have been given with a moving picture outfit provided by the Committee of Six for the detained immigrants.

Other Societies Working at Ellis Island The New York Bible Society

At Ellis Island our missionaries aim to make it possible for each immigrant to obtain a copy of the Scriptures in his own language. Mr. Jackson has been engaged in this work for over thirty-six years.

Mr. Lodsin is familiar with the language and customs of the Lettish, Russian, and Polish people.

At Ellis Island during the year 629 Bibles, 3,047 New Testaments, and 27,510 portions of the Scriptures were distributed.

American Tract Society

During the current year at Ellis Island, the American Tract Society has distributed Christian literature in twenty-nine different languages, and a total of 150,270 volumes, booklets, tracts and periodicals. The number of immigrants visited totals 386,595.

Young Men's Christian Association

Five port secretaries in America serve the thousands still coming. In Ellis Island, during the year, 7,807 men were helped; 4,302 were given introductions to inland Associations; 1,644 were tied up to relatives and friends, and 250 appeals were made in behalf of the detained. Similar services were rendered men landing in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and San Francisco. The Association has this year found exceptional opportunities for service among men who could neither land nor leave. Port secretaries have assumed the responsibility of landing many of these people, found them employment, and reported regularly to the Immigration Commissioner concerning them.

The Young Women's Christian Association have two workers, one for the New York branch office, and one for the national office. These are not engaged in strictly missionary work. The New York branch frequently sends some of its foreign-speaking workers to Ellis Island for special services. Plans for still greater national and international service may be formulated and adopted.

The W. C. T. U.

Mrs. Athena Marmaroff, missionary at Ellis Island, is under appointment by the National W. C. T. U., though the administration of the work is placed in the hands of New York State. Mrs. Marmaroff was educated at a Congregational Mission School in Monastir, Turkey. She speaks all the languages of the Balkan States.

Mrs. Marmaroff works among Greeks, Roumanians, Bulgarians, Montenegrins and immigrants from other Balkan States. Her work is especially for women and children. During the month of October, 1915, she gave out 3,500 tracts, 150 papers, one Bible, nine Testaments, and 65 Gospels.

The various Hebrew Societies are excellently organized for doing most effective service.

The Report of Committee on United States Immigration Stations

To the Board of Directors of the _Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America_:

Your Committee is, under our Constitution, in "charge of all matters pertaining to the relation of the Society with the Federal Immigration authorities" and "the work of the Society at the various Immigration Stations."

Accordingly we have during the year kept in close touch, not only with our Ellis Island Bureau but also with the work at the Immigration Stations of Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore, conducted by our affiliated organizations at those ports.

The bond of harmony which now exists between the workers at the various ports has been firmly cemented during the year, a fact which has resulted in great benefit to the Jewish Immigrants who sought admission at these ports.

Societies at Work at Ellis Island

From the point of view of effecting some definitely organized plan of cooperation among the various agencies at work at Ellis Island, these agencies fall into four groups:

1. NATIONAL AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES: Of which there are eleven, accredited with ten missionaries. These include such societies as the Polish National Alliance, the Slavonic Immigrant Society, the Travelers' Aid Society, the Austrian Society of New York, etc.

2. JEWISH SOCIETIES: Three accredited with three workers. The burden of this work falls upon the Hebrew Sheltering and Aid Society, which has six regular workers.

3. CATHOLIC SOCIETIES: Of which there are four, accredited with eight workers, including five priests. Italian immigrants are particularly cared for under this group by the St. Rafael's Society.

4. PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN AGENCIES:

_Women's Baptist Home Mission Society_

Missionaries: Miss Martha M. Troeck
Mrs. Marie C. Conversano

_Congregational Home Missionary Society_

Missionary: Rev. P. D. Vassileff

_New York City Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church_

Missionary: Rev. Charles Samuelson

_Methodist Woman's Home Missionary Society_

Missionaries: Miss A. E. Mathews
Immigrant Home: Miss Ellen Stenman

_Woman's Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A._

Missionary: Miss Teresa Fransee

_Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society_

Missionaries: Rev. Elliot White
Rev. G. J. D'Anchise

_Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America_

Missionary: Rev. Sidney Zandstra

_Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States_

Missionary: Rev. P. H. Land

_The Lutheran Emigrant House Association_ (_German_) (Connected
with the Lutheran General Council), 21 Pearl Street, New York City.

Missionaries: Rev. Fritz O. Evers, Supt.
Mr. Adolph Metshone

_Swedish Lutheran Immigrant Home_ (Connected with the Lutheran
General Council)

5 Water Street, Missionary Supt., Rev. Axel C. H. Helander.

_Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America_ (united)

410 Grand Avenue, Kenosha, Wis.
Missionary: Rev. J. J. Kildsig
193 9th Street, Brooklyn
Missionary: Rev. R. Andersen

_German Evangelical Lutheran Synod_ (Lutheran Immigrant Society)

8 State Street, New York City
Missionary: Rev. C. H. Restin, Supt.

_Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, United_

Missionary: Rev. T. Aug. Tillehei

_Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America_

Missionary: Rev. P. Peterson

_Young Men's Christian Association: The International Committee_

Workers: Rev. J. D. Marmaroff
Mr. A. Carbonetto

_Young Women's Christian Association: National Board_

Miss Mabel Cratty, Gen'l Sec'y
600 Lexington Avenue, New York City
Worker: Miss Adelaide Currie

_Women's Christian Temperance Union_

Worker: Mrs. Athena Marmaroff

_American Tract Society, New York City_

Missionary: Mr. Charles Carrol

_New York Bible Society_

Missionaries: Mr. Ernest Jackson
Rev. Michael Lodsin

Christmas Celebration for the Immigrants at Ellis Island, New York Thursday, December 23, 1915 PROGRAMME

Overture Salvation Army Band
1. Hymn—"America"
2. Invocation Rev. Dr. Elliot White
3. Christmas Song Played by the Band
4. Greeting Commissioner Howe
5. Christmas Greeting (in Italian) Rev. J. Moretto
6. Christmas Greeting (in Spanish) Rev. G. J. D'Anchise
7. Song Polish Children's Choir
8. Christmas Greeting (in Greek) Rev. J. D. Marmaroff
9. Christmas Greeting (in Russian) Rev. P. D. Vassileff
10. Song Bohemian Children's Choir
11. Christmas Greeting (in Swedish)
12. Duet Capt. Toft and Dr. Leidzen
13. Christmas Greeting (in German) Rev. Paul Land
14. Fantasie Played by Salvation Army Band
15. Address (in English) Rev. Dr. C. P. Tinker
16. Hymn—"All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name"
17. Remarks and benediction by the chairman Rev. Paul Land
Doxology

Boston Port of Entry

Boston is the headquarters for the District No. 2, including Portland, Maine, Providence, R. I., New Bedford and Fall River. The immigrant station in Boston is not at all adequate to the needs.

The Commissioner General of Immigration in his report of 1912 quotes from the report of the Commissioner of Immigration at Boston for 1912 as follows: "We are continuing to make the best of the very limited quarters which are occupied as an immigration station in Boston. An effort is made, however, to counterbalance the inadequate conditions by insistence upon the highest standard of care and cleanliness. The conditions at Portland and New Bedford are probably as good as can be expected under the existing circumstances. There is almost a total lack of proper inspection facilities at the growing port of Providence."

In some respects the ports of Boston and Ellis Island are quite closely related. The Massachusetts Immigration Commission found that the conditions at the boats from Boston to New York were very bad indeed. These have been remedied to some extent. This, however, is a very important matter and should have further consideration.

During the past ten years the yearly average number of immigrants arriving in Massachusetts has been 73,383.

Seventeen missionary societies and other organizations have eighteen to twenty workers at this port.

An Immigrant Girls' Home is maintained in East Boston by the Methodist Episcopal Church. This building is well equipped and adequately furnished for its purpose. There are accommodations for lodging about forty-five women and thirty to forty men and a few rooms are provided for families. The Home is located near the wharf of the Cunard Line.

Mrs. A. C. Clark, the superintendent, has been engaged in this work at the Boston port for twenty-seven years. She and Miss Bridgman of the Y. W. C. A., and Miss Brown of the Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society, have been working several years at this port and are highly commended by the authorities for their excellent service.

The Y. M. C. A. has been doing in Boston work corresponding to that of the Travelers' Aid Society. Representatives of the Y. M. C. A. under the direction of Dr. Tupper are also working at this port.

Excellent work is being done here also by the representatives of other societies. Here as elsewhere the work, however, is almost wholly unrelated to the conditions that obtain in New England, and indeed in the immediate vicinity of the entry stations. The workers are now considering a plan for organizing their work similar to that adopted by the missionaries at Ellis Island. It seems now to be a very opportune time to effect a good organization for the port work in New England.

The entire field of this district presents some problems that can, without doubt, be finally solved and the proper solution of which would result in very large gain in the work among the immigrants in the entire New England region.

Missionaries and Workers at the Boston Immigration Station

Methodist Episcopal Immigrants' Home, Marginal Street, East Boston.
In charge of Mrs. A. C. Clark.

Baptist Home Missionary Society, by Miss Mathilda Brown.

Congregational Missionary Society, Rev. Oscar Lindergren.

Swedish Home, Sailors' Boarding House, 111 Webster Street, East
Boston.

Swedish Lutheran Society, Rev. A. F. Seastrand. Home, Boarding
House for Sailors, Henry Street, East Boston.

Norwegian-Danish Home, 46 Cedar Street, Roxbury.

Rev. C. F. Wurl, a German and Scandinavian worker in connection
with his church in East Boston.

Young Men's Christian Association, Mr. M. G. Tupper.

Young Women's Christian Association, Miss Bridgman.

Travelers' Aid, Miss Ogilvie.

Salvation Army, 8 East Brookline Street, Boston.

North American Civic League, two to four workers.

Council of Jewish Women, Mrs. Sternberg.

Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Abram Alpert.

St. Vincent de Paul Society, office, Chardon Street, Boston. Miss
Hayes among English speaking peoples and Mrs. Haberstroh among
German speaking aliens. (Grey Nuns.)

Polish National Alliance Immigration Aid Society. By John
Romaszkiewicz.

Boston Italian Immigrant Society, Boston. Under direction of Miss
Eleanor Colleton and Miss Cardolino.

Philadelphia Port of Entry

IMMIGRATION STATION

There are two stations for landing the immigrants, one at the foot of Washington Street; the other at the foot of Vine Street. Immigrants are examined at these two stations. Those who are detained for any reason are taken by boat to Gloucester City where the new station has been built. In Gloucester they have a very well-equipped building with offices for administration, sleeping rooms for detained immigrants, dining room and small rooms for special hospital cases. Until the new hospital is built, most of the hospital patients are sent to different hospitals in the city. There is also here a pier containing three acres on which is to be built a Receiving Station to allow all immigrants to be examined at Gloucester. The equipment of the building at Gloucester in every particular is modern and of the very best. The dining room especially, is fitted up in the very best approved style; it is large enough to allow two hundred to eat at one time. The walls and floor are cement; the tables and seats are metal, so that the entire room can be washed out with hose, as the floor slopes toward a drain in which is carried off all the water.

Missionaries and Workers

Twenty different societies are represented at this port by missionaries or agents. Fourteen of these may be called strictly religious societies. The work is carried on here about the same as at Boston and Ellis Island. There is no definite plan for following up the work after the immigrants leave Philadelphia. Those who remain in Philadelphia are visited as far as possible and their addresses are given to the workers of the nearest church or mission. The Episcopal and Lutheran workers usually send the names and addresses of those immigrants who are connected with their churches to the pastors in the towns or cities to which these immigrants are going.

The Lutheran Church has three representatives. They work together in supplementing the work of each other.

Under the direction of Mr. Demberg, the Young Men's Christian Association Immigration Bureau conducts the work at this station in the same manner as at other ports. Similar conditions obtain here as at the other ports, namely, that the missionaries are doing a most excellent work and in a very real sense, the most practical and helpful work that is being done with the arriving immigrant. The same need also is apparent here as elsewhere that the work should be organized in such way as to bring it into vital touch with the immigrant work in various Ports of Entry, and in close relation with the missionary work in our towns and cities.

The Methodist Episcopal Church maintains a Deaconess Home at 611 Vine Street. Miss Ford of the Methodist Church, and Miss Staake of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Levins of the Philadelphia Bible Society, have been engaged in the missionary service at the Philadelphia Port for many years.

The Philadelphia Bible Society distributed 50,479 books printed in fifty different languages.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union, through the work of Miss M. L. Grunninger, during the year met ninety vessels and distributed nearly 40,000 pages of literature.

The Philadelphia Baptist City Mission Society carried on their port missionary work through the services of their city missionaries.

Mr. Levins, missionary of the Philadelphia Bible Society, related the following incident:

"I wish I could picture to you the dying of an immigrant at the
Immigrant Station. On one side knelt the Matron, and on the
other side Miss Ford, a Methodist deaconess, and before him an
interpreter reading from a Testament in his own language. The
Matron held her hands in the attitude of prayer, the dying man
smiled and nodded his head yes, indicating that he understood
her and would pray. This was the last comfort the dying stranger
received—a Jew reading our Master's Words to him and the prayers
of two Christian women."

At a Conference of the workers and of the missionaries and others interested in the work at Philadelphia, it was voted that as soon as practicable the Committee of Six should consider a definite plan for organizing the missionary work at the Philadelphia Port. There was a great desire for unity and efficiency in this service. There was unanimous agreement that it would be wise, if possible, to organize the work at this time so as to be definitely prepared for effective service, and to meet whatever conditions may arise in the immigration problem in the near future. This Conference also approved the proposition to appoint in each port city a Local Advisory Committee through which the missionary work could be supervised.

The greatest decrease last year (June 30, 1915) was in non-skilled or miscellaneous workers.

1914. 1915.

Farm Laborers 288,053 27,723
Laborers 226,407 48,351
Servants 144,409 39,774

Of the number admitted in 1899-1900, sixty-per cent. settled in five states, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Massachusetts and New Jersey.

The Philadelphia Immigration Station

Missionaries and Workers

Lutheran Women of the East Pennsylvania Synodical Society: Miss
Marietta Staake.

Women's Home Mission Society: Methodist Episcopal Church, Miss Ford.

Philadelphia Baptist City Mission Society: Workers in the City
Mission.

Swedish Baptist Church: Rev. Swenson.

Protestant Episcopal Church, St. Paul's Mission: Mr. Frank
Longshore.

Protestant Episcopal Church: Rev. Weinstein.

Norwegian Church: Rev. Halvor Midtbo.

Lutheran Church of the Mission Syndicate: Rev. A. H. Winter.

Pennsylvania Bible Society: Mr. James Levins.

Immigrant Missionary of the General Council of the Lutheran Church:
Rev. Erich Saul.

Young Women's Christian Temperance Union: Miss Mary Grunninger.

Young Men's Christian Association: Mr. Denberg.

North American Civic League for Immigrants: Mr. W. Hartzel.

Council of Jewish Women: Mrs. E. Shevall.

Association for Protection of Jewish Immigrants: Dr. H. D. Pearlman.

Catholic Immigration Society: Mrs. Brown.

Polish Society: Mr. Dutkievitz.

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick: Mr. Thos. D. Ferguson.

Society for Italian Immigrants: Miss Jennie Lanzetta.

Catholic Temperance Society: Mrs. Smith.

Alliance Help for Lithuanian Immigrants: Mrs. Susanna Baranowsky.

Emigration Statistics

Emigration for a period of years is about one-third. From 1908-1910 inclusive: 81 per cent. had been in America not over five years; 14.7 not over ten years.

Of those coming to this country from 1890-1900 only 70 per cent. were found here at the end of that period.

In 1899-1909 there were more than 8,000,000 immigrants admitted. Of this number 1,013,974 were under fourteen years of age, and 6,786,506 were between 14-44, and 412,554 were over forty-five.

Present Responsibility for Future Opportunity

The problem of restricting immigration that for many years has been puzzling the politicians, reformers and various civic and philanthropic and religious societies and national organizations, has been settled for the time, at least, by the European War.

The danger is that the Christian Church shall regard this breathing spell as a time for the relaxation of energy. Such an attitude is wholly contrary to the real meaning of this hour and does not at all respond to its earnest offer of a splendid opportunity for effective service and permanent achievement. It is the very best time we have had for several years to get together, to study conditions, to canvass fields, to discover needs, and develop methods of work.

It has been demonstrated that the scope of this work can be enlarged, and its effectiveness increased by organizing its activities, so that this branch of our missionary service shall represent the Christian love and life operating with a spirit wholly interdenominational and non-sectarian through a body of workers, inspired by the same motive, working by a common method, and moving toward a well-defined goal. Thus our Ports of Entry missionary service would be appreciated at its true value, and be recognized by Government authorities and other organizations as a most important and efficient factor, and be given the place it deserves in cooperation with the federal, civic, educational and philanthropic agencies, working in any comprehensive service for welcoming and protecting the Immigrant.

For the full consummation of this scheme, there must be clear vision of the far-reaching scope of the Immigrant work and adequate realization of the vast opportunity and unlimited possibilities for achievement in this service. There must be a deep sense of responsibility and keen appreciation of the price to be paid in order to realize the fulfilment of the vision. There must be a willingness to let go not a few denominational and perhaps personal preferences, and a readiness to sacrifice some things that have been held quite dear.

It is the hour of a great responsibility devolving upon the Christian Church to discharge her obligation to create such a spirit of genuine fellowship between Americans "New" and "Old" that there shall be established throughout our land a Christian brotherhood that knows "neither border, nor breed, nor birth," even the gracious and masterful "Brotherhood of the Sons of God."

=For the Purpose of Examining and Inspecting Immigrants= our
country is divided into twenty-two Immigration Stations with
headquarters at

Montreal, P. Q., Canada

Canadian border and Canadian seaports

Boston, Mass. Subports of Portland and New Bedford

Ellis Island, New York Harbor

New York and New Jersey; immigration matters only

17 State Street, New York. Chinese matters only

Philadelphia, Pa.

Substations of Pittsburg, Chester, and Wilmington

Baltimore, Md. Subports of Annapolis and Washington

Norfolk, Va.

Subports of Newport News, Wilmington, and Charleston

Jacksonville, Fla.

Subports of Savannah, Brunswick, Tampa, Miami, Key West,
Pensacola, and Mobile

New Orleans, La. Subports of Gulfport and Pascagoula

Galveston, Texas

Subports of Port Arthur and Corpus Christi

Cleveland, Ohio

Substations at Toledo and Cincinnati

Chicago, Ill.

Minneapolis, Minn.

St. Louis, Mo.

Denver, Colo. Substation at Salt Lake City

Helena, Mont. Substation at Havre, Mont.

Seattle, Wash.

Subports of Tacoma, Port Townsend, and Olympia; substations of
Spokane and Walla Walla

Portland, Ore. Subport of Astoria

San Francisco, Cal.

Ketchikan, Alaska. Substations of Skagway and Nome

San Juan, P. R. Subport of Ponce

Honolulu, Hawaii, including all ports

El Paso, Texas

Subports of Nagoles, Douglas, Waco, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, Laredo,
Hidalgo, and Brownsville; substations of San Antonio, Tucson,
and Fort Worth

Southern California: port of San Diego and substations of Los
Angeles and Andrade

Immigration Statistics

From 1820-1915 Immigrant Aliens came to this country 32,354,124

During the year ending June 30, 1914 1,218,480

This was the largest number except in 1907, when the
number was 1,285,349

Year ending June 30, 1915 326,700

Immigrants returning last year 204,074

Immigrants deported last year 2,564
------- 206,638

Net gain of the year ending June 30, 1915 120,052

Immigrant Aliens for the Year Ending June 30, 1915

_Admitted._ _Departed._

_Atlantic Ports_:
New York, N. Y. 178,416 150,014
Boston, Mass. 15,983 9,033
Philadelphia, Pa. 7,114 7,052
Baltimore, Md. 3,017 335
Canadian Atlantic Ports 5,040 2,448
Portland, Me. 115 95
New Bedford, Mass. 827 225
Providence, R. I. 2,536 1,984
Newport News, Va. 192
Norfolk, Va. 30
Savannah, Ga. 13
Miami, Fla. 1,154 843
Key West, Fla. 762 2,595
Other Atlantic 27

_Ports of Gulf of Mexico_:
Tampa, Fla. 1,637 9
Pensacola, Fla. 4
Mobile, Ala. 61 2
New Orleans, La. 1,694 800
Galveston, Tex. 2,272 119
Other Gulf 35

_Pacific Ports_:
San Francisco, Cal. 8,055 3,090
Portland, Ore. 93
Seattle, Wash. 2,613 748
Canadian Pacific Ports 246 250
Alaska 485

_Border Stations_:
Canadian Border 81,382 22,922
Mexican Border 9,003 211

_Insular Possessions_:
Honolulu, Hawaii 2,966 475
Porto Rico 928 824
------- -------
Total 326,700 204,074

Occupations of Admitted Immigrants

1914. 1915.
Professional 14,601 12,279
Skilled Laborers 173,208 55,638
Miscellaneous 710,456 141,843

Immigrants 1914-1915

Immigrant Aliens came in the years

1914. 1915.
to
Alabama 1,450 430
Alaska 886 693
Arizona 3,886 2,100
Arkansas 399 147
California 32,089 20,116
Colorado 4,493 1,339
Connecticut 33,192 6,620
Delaware 1,559 245
District of Columbia 1,913 1,087
Florida 6,471 4,810
Georgia 778 356
Hawaii 5,622 2,934
Idaho 1,976 1,226
Illinois 105,811 19,062
Indiana 14,727 2,146
Iowa 9,307 3,407
Kansas 2,520 744
Kentucky 944 268
Louisiana 2,268 1,451
Maine 7,278 4,401
Maryland 8,944 1,883
Massachusetts 93,200 27,482
Michigan 49,639 17,438
Minnesota 22,232 9,115
Mississippi 500 138
Missouri 13,781 2,743
Montana 6,070 3,454
Nebraska 5,056 1,388
Nevada 1,171 387
New Hampshire 7,313 2,832
New Jersey 62,495 11,248
New Mexico 895 561
New York 344,663 95,028
North Carolina 463 267
North Dakota 4,313 3,290
Ohio 74,615 9,341
Oklahoma 946 387
Oregon 5,547 2,629
Pennsylvania 184,438 24,596
Philippine Islands 13 16
Porto Rico 1,203 812
Rhode Island 12,569 3,621
South Carolina 260 132
South Dakota 1,754 1,095
Tennessee 846 306
Texas 14,630 9,447
Utah 3,387 1,296
Vermont 3,503 1,928
Virginia 1,959 855
Washington 20,061 13,093
West Virginia 12,399 2,030
Wisconsin 20,660 3,850
Wyoming 1,377 430
Unknown
--------- -------
Total 1,218,480 326,700

Departed 1914-1915

Emigrant Aliens departed in the years 1914. 1915.
from
Alabama 277 175
Alaska 78 40
Arizona 560 606
Arkansas 44 25
California 8,049 7,063
Colorado 1,079 607
Connecticut 7,571 4,995
Delaware 370 141
District of Columbia 405 269
Florida 1,961 3,555
Georgia 121 89
Hawaii 747 561
Idaho 270 195
Illinois 23,637 11,682
Indiana 4,544 1,331
Iowa 1,469 755
Kansas 421 110
Kentucky 178 99
Louisiana 531 369
Maine 673 665
Maryland 1,313 999
Massachusetts 15,983 14,612
Michigan 10,809 5,524
Minnesota 3,402 1,504
Mississippi 47 21
Missouri 2,744 1,426
Montana 723 532
Nebraska 520 280
Nevada 288 168
New Hampshire 1,545 978
New Jersey 13,983 7,108
New Mexico 320 206
New York 76,017 67,016
North Carolina 73 47
North Dakota 405 114
Ohio 16,472 7,640
Oklahoma 215 71
Oregon 907 583
Pennsylvania 55,217 27,499
Philippine Islands 11 20
Porto Rico 969 849
Rhode Island 2,821 2,566
South Carolina 43 33
South Dakota 183 60
Tennessee 108 60
Texas 927 371
Utah 965 718
Vermont 516 483
Virginia 330 233
Washington 2,638 1,491
West Virginia 3,357 2,617
Wisconsin 4,731 1,824
Wyoming 350 167
Unknown 31,421 22,922
------- -------
Total 303,338 204,074

Transcriber's Note

Obvious punctuation and spelling errors have been repaired.