Chapter I: Front Matter

A SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION SEWAGE-DISPOSAL PLANT.

_Sewage._ _Frontispiece._
]

Practical Methods of Sewage Disposal
FOR RESIDENCES, HOTELS AND INSTITUTIONS

BY

HENRY N. OGDEN
M. AM. SOC. C.E.
_Professor of Sanitary Engineering, Cornell University_

AND

H. BURDETT CLEVELAND
ASSOC. M. AM. SOC. C.E.
_Principal Assistant Engineer, New York State Department of Health_

_FIRST EDITION_
_FIRST THOUSAND_

NEW YORK
JOHN WILEY & SONS
LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED
1912

Copyright, 1912, by
HENRY N. OGDEN
and
H. BURDETT CLEVELAND

PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO., 419–421 LAFAYETTE ST, NEW YORK

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY

PAGES

The problem of sewage disposal. Composition and character of 1–13
sewage. Action of bacteria. Soils and their value for sewage
treatment. Three essential conditions for effective sewage
purification. Rates of operation. Preliminary and final
treatment.

CHAPTER II. THE SETTLING TANK

Function and capacity of settling tanks. Their construction. 14–36
Siphon chambers. Use of concrete. Pipe connections. Roof.
Baffle boards. Imhoff or Emscher tanks.

CHAPTER III. VALVES, SIPHONS, AND SIPHON CHAMBERS

Hand valves. Gate valves. Flap valves. Various types of 37–54
siphons. Alternating and plural siphons. Air-lock siphons.
Dosing apparatus.

CHAPTER IV. SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION

Advantages of sub-surface irrigation for sewage disposal. 55–72
Details of system. Tables for use in constructing. Siphon
chambers. Sub-surface tile. Alternate use of separate
portions of area. Underdrainage.

CHAPTER V. SEWAGE FILTERS

Relative efficiency of various types. Sand Filters. Tables for 73–97
use in constructing siphons. Dosing and distribution methods.
Maintenance. Contact Beds. Methods of construction. Alternate
and timed siphons for filling and discharging. Table for use
in constructing. Sprinkling Filters. Their construction and
operation. Complicated and undesirable for small
installation.

CHAPTER VI. BROAD IRRIGATION

Fertilizing elements in sewage. Value of sewage for irrigation. 98–111
Area required for sewage irrigation. Methods of applying the
sewage. Maintenance of irrigated areas.