Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: F (2)

Catalepsy, definition and symptoms of, 32-34;
cases of, by Good, 34;
Jebb, 35;
Dr. King Chambers, 35;
Paris correspondent of _Lancet_, 37;
Braid, 37;
at Broadwey in 1895, 38;
Gowers on predisposition to, 120;
case of revival on eve of burial, 122;
Dr. Milner on, 186.

Cavendish, Miss Ada, provision in her will against risk of live
burial, 154.

Certificates of death, laxity of, 11, 241;
prematurely given, 242;
worthless or wanting, 243;
directions for filling up, 242;
in France, 246-248;
in Brussels, 248;
in Würtemburg, 249;
in Dover, New Hampshire, 252;
Mr. A. Braxton Hicks on, 253;
Mr. Brindley James on, 254;
_Daily Chronicle_ on, 255;
a German resident on the Würtemburg practice in, 255.

Ceylon, risks of premature disposal of dead in, 132, 133.

Chambers, Dr. T. King, relates and cites cases of catalepsy, 35.

Chantourelle, Dr., raises debate on premature burial at Paris Academy
of Medicine, 51.

Chew, Dr. Roger S., relates cases of live burial, 60-63;
his own case of escape from same, 89;
other cases of escape from same, 90-94;
case of chloroformed girl buried as dead, 125;
on cholera collapse mistaken for death, 126;
on safety of soldiers in India from live burial, 136;
on putrefactive test, 183;
on _rigor mortis_, 185;
on frequency of live burial, 227;
on auscultation sounds after death, 261.

Chippendale, Mr. J., on _post-mortem_ sweating, 29.

Chloral, supposed death from, 192.

Chloroform, effects of simulating death, 125.

Cholera, special risk of live burial in cases of, 92, 95, 101, 126,
149.

Chri, Mr. Vira Raghava, describes disposal of dead at Madras, 131.

Chunder Sen, Mr., relates case of trance in a fakir, 44.

Coffin, sounds from the, 106, 107.

Colerus, on apparent death, 330.

Collins, Dr. W. J., advises the providing of mortuaries, 309.

Cologne, old instances of revival at, 326, 327.

Colombo, a Catholic priest of, subject to death-trances, 130.

Conclamation, practice of, by the Caribs, 331;
in antiquity, 331, 332;
in Russia, 332;
in the case of the Widow of Nain’s son, 332.

Conclusions, summary of, 321.

Constantinople, risks of live burial at, 147.

Cooper, Mr. M., surgeon, on apparent deaths, 17;
relates case of Madam Blunden, 51;
case at Toulouse of escape from live burial, 145;
condemns hasty burial, 171.

Cork, case of revival from apparent death in a child at, 318.

Creighton, Dr. C., his History of Epidemics cited, 282.

Cremation, at Calcutta, 129;
among Brahmins at Madras, 131;
at Benares, 131;
as a preventive of premature burial, 274-278;
approved on general grounds, 282.

Crowe, Mrs., cases related by, 336.

Curran, Dr. W., brigade-surgeon, his papers in _Health_ on Burial
Alive, 103;
relates case of premature dissection, 236.

Curry, Dr. James, women predisposed to death-counterfeits, 121;
on slow ebbing of life, 174;
on exciting the skin as a test, 258;
cases cited from, 334.

Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, on premature dissections, 233;
relates remarkable case of revival after apparent death, 340.

_Daily Chronicle_, on lax death-certification, 255.

Dalmatia, ordinances of, for inspection of dead, 356.

Davies, Major-General T., his account of hibernating jerboa, 40.

Dead, the, treatment of, 215;
Buffon on same, 215;
G. A. Walker on, 215;
Fletcher on, in United States, 217;
Whiter on, 218;
as a department of medical practice, 218.

Death-certification, Select Committee on, purport of its evidence, 11;
advises authorisations to embalm, 232;
evidence before, 238;
recommendations of, 239;
support of same at medical meeting, 239;
questions by as to premature burial, 244.
(See under “Certificates.”)

Death, counterfeits of, 27;
their duration, 208-214;
Josat’s table of same, 209;
Köppen’s illustrations of same, 212.

Death, signs of, popular, 180;
scientific, 181-207.
(See also under “Tests of Death.”)

Death, sudden, the only real cases of, 159;
Farr on definition of, 160;
Granville on same, 160;
Tidy on causes of, 161;
Wilder on same, 163;
recent instances of, from newspapers, 164-170;
from heart-disease, 176;
_Manchester Criterion_ on revivals from, 178;
Dr. Wilder on risks of premature burial in, 178;
laws against early burial after, 179.

Death, uncertainty of, 43;
G. A. Walker on, 216;
_London Review_ on, 316.

Death, verification of, 246-256.

Denmark, burial and mortuary regulations of, 358.

Diaphanous test, the, failure of, 187;
Haward on, 188;
Gannal on, 191;
Orfila on, 191;
Richardson on, 192.

Dijon, case of awaking in the tomb at, 327.

Disraeli, Benjamin, endures a week’s trance, 23.

Dissection, premature, probable case of, related by Ogston, 232;
Bruhier’s case of, 233;
Louis’ case of, 234;
Cyclopædia of Pract. Med. on stories of, 234;
Le Guern’s case of, 235;
Hartmann’s case of, 235;
Curran’s case of, 236;
case at Lille, 311;
by Vesalius, 329;
of a Spanish lady, 330.

Dog, the, his instinct for the presence of life in Parsee ceremonies,
137, 138;
in an Austrian case, 142;
in a Moravian case, 143.

Donnet, Cardinal Archbishop, relates to French Senate cases of narrow
escape from live burial, 71-74;
including his own case, 73.

Douce, Francis, the antiquary, his fear of being buried alive, 153.

Dover, New Hampshire, ordinances of, for verification of death, 252.

Drowned, recovery of the, 347;
cases of, by Struve, 347;
Londe’s case of, 347;
Green’s case of, 348;
recent cases of (Royal Humane Society), 349.

Dryden, Lady, her testamentary provisions, 334.

Duncan, Dr. Ebenezer, statistics of Glasgow burials, 284.

Duration of death-counterfeits, 208;
statistics of, 209;
experiments on, 210, 211;
in case of Franciscan monk, 211;
Köppen’s illustrations of, 212-214.

ELECTRICITY as a restorative agent, 262-265.

Elliotson, Dr., case related by, 334.

Embalming, makes death certain, 229;
cases of premature, 230, 231;
case of escape from same, 231;
authority of Home Secretary advised for, 232;
hasty, in the United States, 351.

Empedocles, his recovery of woman supposed dead, 330.

Escape from dissection at Lille, 311.

Escape from live burial, 64;
case of Sir W. Lindsay, 64;
case related by Vigné, 66;
case of professor’s wife at Tübingen, 66;
case at Coventry in 1858, 67-70;
case at St. Agnan de Cenuières, 71;
cases related by Cardinal Donnet, 71-74;
Dr. Brewer on, 75;
case at Cleveland, Ohio, 76;
two cases of, related by Dr. M. S. Tanner, 76;
case by Dr. W. O’Neill, of Lincoln, 77;
case at Clinton, Ky., 78;
at Memphis, Tenn., 79;
at Burham, Rochester, 80;
at St. Leonards, 80;
case related by Dr. F. A. Floyer, 81;
at Penn Station, U.S., 83;
at Vagueray, Lyons, 83;
at Limoges, 84;
at St. Louis, 84;
at Lagos, 84;
at Militsch, Silesia, 85;
at Sprakers, Rondout, N.Y., 85;
at Heap Bridge, Heywood, 86;
in the daughter of a physician, 87;
in a case related to the author, 88;
Dr. R. S. Chew’s personal experience of, 89;
in cases communicated by him, 90-96;
in the cases of two Irish persons of rank, 96;
in case related by Dr. Colin Valentine, 97;
in case related by Dr. A. Stephenson, 97;
in the case of the Metropolitan of Lesbos, 98;
in cases of small-pox, 99;
in cases related by Rev. Harry Jones, 100;
in case at St. Paul’s, Belchamp, near Clare, 101;
in case at Neufchâtel, 102;
in case at Alleghany, 103;
in the case of the late Madam Blavatsky, 104;
in a case at Toulouse, 145;
in a case in Würtemburg, 251;
in case related by Graves, 254;
in two cases certified dead by several physicians, 277;
in case at Lille, 311;
in the Munich mortuary, 311;
in a mortuary at Berlin, 313;
in the Frankfort mortuary, 313;
in a Brussels mortuary, 314;
in a Cassel mortuary, 314;
in a Lille mortuary, 314;
in a Buffalo mortuary, 315;
in the Marylebone mortuary, 315.

Escapes from being cremated alive in India, 132-135.

Exhumation, law of, in England, 106;
cases of, too late for rescue, 106-110;
case of, in time to save life, 111.

FABRI, William, condemns hasty burial, 171.

Fagge, Dr. Hilton, on risk of live burial in cases of sudden death,
175;
on putrefaction as the only certain sign of death, 183.

Fakirs, cases of trance in, 44-48;
experiment with, related by Hartmann, 49.

Farquharson, Dr. R., M.P., on lax death-certification, 240;
examines a witness as to live burial, 245.

Farr, Dr. William, on definition of sudden death, 160.

Fear of premature burial, _Spectator_ on, 18, 153-158;
eminent subjects of, 153, 154;
Rev. John Kingston on prevalence of, 156.

Ferrier, Dr., on signs of death, 184.

_Figaro, Le_, correspondence in, on live burial, 228.

Fletcher, Dr. Moore Russell, on animal hibernation, 42;
relates cases of narrow escape, 76-88;
on negligent treatment of the dead, 217;
on restoratives, 265.

Floyer, Dr. F. A., relates case of narrow escape, 81.

Forestus on possibility of recovering supposed dead, 331.

Formalities, fatal consequences of, 105.

Foster, Sir Walter, M.D., examines a witness as to live burial, 245.

Fothergill, Dr. A., on cadaveric countenance, 187;
on the art of restoring animation, 320.

France, laws of, relating to burials, 354.

Frankfort, regulations for inspection of the dead, 353.

Froriep, M., cited as to ratio of revivals in grave, 222.

GAIRDNER, Dr. W. T., case of trance for twenty-three weeks, 23-27.

Gannal, Dr. Félix, his valuable Bibliography, 3;
on putrefaction the only real test, 185;
on diaphanous test, 191;
on fallacious signs of death, 203.

Gaubert, M., his estimate of ratio of live burials, 226;
his essay proves that waiting mortuaries are useful, 309.

_Gazette Medicale_ on putrefactive test, 183.

_Gazette Medicale d’ Orient_ asserts live burials at Constantinople,
147.

Germany, waiting mortuaries of, 11;
movement in, to prevent premature interment, 146.

Gibbons, Dr. P. J., on premature embalming, 231.

Glycas, Nicephorus, Metropolitan of Lesbos, escapes live burial, 98.

Goa, resident of, prematurely coffined, 133.

Godfrey, Mrs., case of, 339.

Gooch, Dr., his case of catalepsy, 34.

Goodman, Mrs., celebrated case of, 339.

Gowers, Dr. W. R., on trance, 22;
on catalepsy, 32;
on predisposition to same, 120.

Granville, Dr. A. B., on sudden death, 160.

Graves, Dr. F., relates case of escape from live burial, 254.

Green, Anne, case of, at Oxford, 328.

Green, Dr. J. W., case of tardy recovery after immersion, 348.

Guern, M. le, his experience of frequency of live burial, 223;
relates case of premature dissection, 235.

Guy, Dr. W. A., on neglect of the subject in England, 10.

HANGED person, the heart beating at the dissection of a, 172;
recovery of a, 328.

Hanham, Mr. T. C. Swinburne, on safeguards used by Cremation Society,
281.

Hartmann, Dr. Franz, his essay published at Boston, U.S., 9;
distinguishes trance from catalepsy, 32;
relates two cases of rescue from live burial fatally delayed, 108;
case of catalepsy revived, 122;
case of Orrendo’s body found beside the empty coffin, 122;
on predisposing causes of trance, 127;
relates case of resuscitation from spasms of the heart, 176;
on putrefaction the sole test of death, 194;
on frequency of live burial, 227;
case of premature dissection, 235;
two cases of escape from death after formal certification, 277;
on resuscitation, 320.

Haward, Dr. Edwin, case of failure of diaphanous test, 188.

Haweis, Rev. H. R., advocates cremation to prevent live burial, 278.

Hearing, sense of, in suspended animation, 335, 336, 337.

Heart, disease of, sudden apparent death in, 176.

Heart, stoppage of, as test of death, 181.

Hedley, Dr. W. S., on use of electricity as a restorative, 263.

Herachborg, Dr., relates case of a Jewess rescued from the
undertakers, 146, 362 (Hirschberg).

Heraclides of Pontus, on a disease marked by absence of breathing, 21.

Herz, Dr. Marcus, opposes hasty burial among the Jews, 146, 361.

Hibernation, instance of, in the jerboa, 40;
Braid on, in lower animals, 41;
Russell Fletcher on, in reptiles and fishes, 42.

Hibernation, so-called human, 43.

Hicks, Mr. A. Braxton, on lax certification of death, 253.

Hincks, Amelia, a case of narrow escape, 68-70.

Hindus, their motive for speedy disposal of dead, 132.

Historical cases, appendix of, 325.

Holmes, Mrs. Basil, on the extension of burial-grounds, 283.

Honigberger, Dr. J. M., his researches on trance in India, 50.

Hopps, Rev. J. Page, advocates cremation to prevent live burial, 281.

Hotels, hasty burials from, on the Continent, 152.

Howard, Col., of Co. Wicklow, his escape from live burial, 97.

Hufeland, Dr. C. W., on trance, 43;
narrates narrow escape from live burial, 66;
on risks and horrors of live burial, 221;
devised the Weimar mortuary, 286.

Humane Society, the Royal, cases from its reports, 337, 344, 345, 349;
literature relating to, 347, 367.

Hypodermic medicines, as restoratives or tests, 265.

INDIA, premature burial and cremation in, 129;
Mr. Billimoria on the risks of the same, 134;
soldiers in, not liable to risk of same, 136.

Infants, recovery of supposed dead, 342-345.

Influenza followed by trance, 30, 124.

Ireland, death-certification in, 241;
practice of burial in, 301, 359;
no mortuaries in, 302.

Irvine, Mr. Clarke, on popular trust in the signs of death, 203.

JACKSON, Dr., of Somerby, relates case of supposed death by
lightning-stroke, 192.

James, Mr. J. Brindley, on risks of live burial, 254.

Jaws, clenching of, as signs of death, 187.

Jebb, Dr. John, his graphic case of catalepsy, 35.

Jerboa, the, its hibernation, 40.

Jews, hasty burials among, opposed, 146;
cases of, restored to life by delay, 146, 147, 148;
their law of burial criticised, 150;
funeral practices of, 332;
history of their practice of early burial, 360;
discussions on same, 361.

_Jewish World_, on the special risk of live burial amongst Jews, 150.

Jeypore, fakir in a trance at, 44.

Johnson, Walter, exhibits himself in a trance, 48.

Jones, Rev. Harry, relates cases of escape from live burial, 100.

Josat, Dr., on absence of cardiac action at birth, 182;
statistics of duration of apparent death, 209;
on interval between apparent and real death, 310.

Joseph, Mr., on risks of premature burial or burning in Ceylon, 132.

KENNY, Dr. J. E., M.P., disposal of the dead in Ireland, 301.

Kerthomas, M. H. L., relates revival of corpse at Lille, 311.

Kesteven, Mr. W. B., on fallacy of cardiac test of death, 182.

Kite, Dr. Charles, on uncertain signs of death, 14.

Köppen, H. F., case of rescue from grave fatally delayed, 106;
cases of long vitality in coffin or grave, 212-214;
cites estimate of ratio of live burials, 220.

Kuhn, Dr., reports on trance, 50.

LABORDETTE, Dr. A. de, on fallacy of clenched jaws as sign of death,
187.

Lagenberg, Van, Dr., information from, as to premature burials at
Colombo, 130.

_Lancet, The_, on the horror of live burial, 16;
on a case of revival from death-trance at Nuneaton, 67;
on cholera patients buried alive, 149;
on reality of premature interment, 155;
on diagnosis of apparent death, 196;
on lax death-certification, 243;
on mortuaries, 293;
its testimony, 318;
on recovery of the still-born, 346.

Lancisi, Dr., his belief in reanimation, 13;
opposes delay in burial, 144.

Laurens, Miss, her recovery from apparent death, 340.

Lénormand, Dr. Léonce, enumerates death-like conditions, 127;
on apparent death in cases of apoplexy, 175;
on delay of asphyxia in coffin, 210;
estimates ratio of live burials, 223;
on laxity of the _médécins verificateurs_, 246.

Lesbos, Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of, his escape from live burial,
98.

Levitical law of corpses and burials, 360.

Lethargy, synonym of trance, 23, 28.

Lightning-stroke, cases of apparent death from, 192, 371.

Lignières, Dr. de, on premature burials from hotels, 152;
on large ratio of uncertain deaths, 201.

Lindsay, Sir W., his escape from live burial, 64.

Londe, Dr. Charles, on duration of breathing in a coffin, 210;
relates case of tardy recovery after immersion, 348.

London, burial-grounds of, 283;
mortuaries of, 295-298.

Looking-glass test of death, 180.

Louis, Dr. Antoine, relates case of premature dissection, 234.

Lytton, Edward Bulwer, Baron, his dread of being buried alive, 154.

MACNISH, Dr., on trance, 22.

Madden, Dr. T. More, cases of death-counterfeits, 27.

_Manchester Criterion_ on revivals after sudden death, 178.

Manning, Rev. Owen, case of, 338.

Martineau, Harriet, provision of her will against risk of live burial,
154.

Marylebone, case of recovery in the mortuary of, 9, 298, 315.

Mason, Mr. R. B., of Nuneaton, authenticates case of narrow escape,
69.

Mayo, Dr. Herbert, on trance, 22;
on states predisposing to same, 127.

_Médécins verificateurs_, their duties perfunctorily discharged, 246.

_Medical Examiner_ on putrefactive test, 183.

_Medical Times_ on hospital mortuaries, 299.

_Medical Times and Gazette_ on Cardinal Donnet’s cases of live burial,
71;
on vivisection of a criminal, 172.

Medicine, profession of, sceptical as to death-trance and live burial,
113;
a new sphere of work for, 218;
its overcrowded state, 219 (_footnote_).

Mendelssohn, Moses, writes against early burial, 361.

Meyerbeer, his dread of being buried alive, 54.

Milner, Dr. Ebenezer, on appearances of death in trance, 186;
on _rigor mortis_, 186.

Misson, M. Max, his opinion on frequency of live burial, 222;
instances cited by, 326.

Mody, Ervad Jivanji, his explanation of the “Sagdeed” at Parsee
funerals, 138;
on the use of the chain at the Towers of Silence, 138.

Molloy, J. F., alleges trance in B. Disraeli, 23.

Monteverdi, M., his test of death, 193.

Moore, Dr. G., on so-called human hibernation, 43.

Mortuaries, an illustration of their use, 95;
waiting, should be established in all sanitary districts, 285;
movement in favour of, began in France, 286;
first executed in Germany, 286;
new and sumptuous example of, at Munich, 289;
called for in London in 1847 by R. Brandon, 289-293;
as now existing in London, 295-298;
only one case of resuscitation reported from same, 298;
suggestions for their improvement and extension, 298, 303;
_Medical Times_ on those of hospitals, 299;
as now existing in provincial towns, 300;
want of, in Ireland, 301-303;
those of Brussels, 305;
of Paris, 305;
of Berlin, 306;
of Vienna, 306;
of Stockholm, 307;
that of Weimar, 307;
suggested joint-stock company for, in Paris, 308;
utility of, 309.

Moscow, burial customs at, 358.

Munich, new sumptuous mortuary at, 289;
utility of the mortuary at, 309;
ordinances of, for ascertaining death, 356.

NECKER, Madam, her practical suggestions to prevent live burial, 286.

Needle test of death, 194.

Netherlands, the, burial laws of, 353.

Newsholme, Dr. A., on unregistered still-births, 346.

Newspaper cases, of trance, 30, 31;
of sudden death, 164-170;
some head-lines from, 318.

_Nonna, La_, form of trance following influenza, 30, 124.

Nowroji, Mr. Ardeshar, on premature exposure of the dead among
Parsees, 138.

Number, probable, of live burials, 220.

Nuneaton, authentic case at, of narrow escape, 67.

Nusserwanje, Mr. Dadabhoy, on cases of restored animation in Parsees,
139.

O’CONNELL, Daniel, his dread of being buried alive, 154.

O’Rourke, Mr. John, on hurried embalming, 352.

O’Neill, Dr. W., relates case of narrow escape, 78.

Ogston, Prof. Francis, records probable case of premature dissection,
232.

Ordinances. (See under “Regulations.”)

Orfila, M., diaphanous test useless, 192.

Orrendo, case of, at Kronstadt, 122.

Oswald, Dr. John, on means of restoration to life, 266, 267.

Ouseley, Rev. J. G., estimates ratio of live burials, 222.

PARSEES, their mode of disposing of the dead, 136-142;
their prejudice against persons restored to life, 139, 142.

Patzki, Dr. J. H., his case of recovery by artificial respiration,
266.

Pembroke, William, Earl of, embalmed, 230.

Perspiration a sign of revival, 28, 363.

Petitions for prevention of premature burial, 225.

Phelps, Lieut.-Gen. A., advocates cremation to prevent live burial,
278.

Plato, his reason for advising tardy disposal of dead, 144, 331;
relates a case of revival, 325.

Pliny gives instances of the dead restored, 326.

Plutarch, case of revival cited from, 325.

Prasad, Mr. Durga, relates escape from burning alive, 132.

Pratt, Dr. Samuel B., on _rigor mortis_, 185.

Predisposition to trance, from nervous exhaustion, 120;
in women, 121;
habitual, 122;
from cold, 123;
after influenza, 30, 124;
from narcotics, 125;
in cholera, 126;
in various morbid states, 127.

Pregnancy, apparent death during, 66.

Probability of life, recent rise in, 319;
how same might be further raised, 319.

Prevention, means of, various, 258;
by exciting the skin, 258-261;
by auscultation, 261;
by electricity, 262-265;
by hypodermic injection, 265;
by artificial respiration, 266;
summary of, in _All the Year Round_, 268-273;
prizes for discovery of, 273.
(See also under “Tests of death.”)

_Prix Dusgate_, 274, 377.

_Prix Manni_, 274, 374.

_Prix d’Ourches_, 274, 376.

Prize by the Brussels Royal Academy, 366.

Publisher, a well-known, relates to the author a case of narrow
escape, 88.

Putrefaction, the one safe test of death, Dr. Chew on, 183;
Dr. Fagge on, 183;
_Medical Examiner_ on, 183;
Dr. Gannal on, 185.

Pye-Smith, Dr. P. H., on caution to be used in cases of trance, 175
(_footnote_).

QUENSTEDT on dormancy of vital principle, 325.

Quintilian gives reason for tardy burial by the Romans, 144.

RACHEL, Mlle. (actress), said to have been prematurely embalmed, 230.

Recommendations of the authors, 323.

Regulations, against early burial after sudden death, 179;
in Würtemburg for ascertaining real death, 195;
in Bavaria for same, 204-207;
in the Netherlands, 353;
Frankfort, 353;
France, 354;
Austria, 355;
Vienna, 355;
Dalmatia, 356;
Saxony, 356;
Munich, 356;
Calcutta, 357;
Bombay, 357;
Cape Town, 357;
Moscow, 358;
Brussels, 358;
Denmark, 358;
Spain, 359;
Ireland, 359;
United States, 359.

Respiration, artificial, in case of apparent death, 266.

Respiration, failure of, as test of death, 181.

Resuscitation, cases of. (See under “Awaking,” “Escapes,” and
“Rescue.”)

Richardson, Sir B. W., his paper on the Absolute Signs of Death, 10;
cites case of narrow escape, 75;
on effects of narcotics simulating death, 125;
his enumeration of signs of death, 181, 192-194;
applies the tests of death in a case, 189.

_Rigor mortis_ a sign of death, 185.

Rescue from live burial, fatally delayed by formalities, 105;
cases of, 106-110;
cases of, promptly successful, 111-112.

Romans, ancient, their burial practices, 333.

Roper, Dr., relates cases of still-born recovered, 355.

Roy, Dr. Mohan Chunder, on risks of live burial or burning at Benares,
131.

“SAGDEED,” the, ceremony at the Towers of Silence, 138.

Salzburg, case of delayed rescue from live burial at, 108.

Saxony, burial law of, 356.

Schmid, Dr. J., case of sudden death revived, 176.

Scott, Robert, of Scott’s Hall, case of, 335;
his wife’s case, 336.

Servius, cremation delayed among the Latins, 144.

Sethna, Mr. Phiroze C., accompanies the author to the Towers of
Silence, 136.

Shaw, Mr. Oscar F., narrates case of live burial, 53.

Sheffield, a premature death-certificate at, 242.

Silence, Towers of, visit of author to, at Bombay, 136.

Small-pox, cases of suspended animation in, 99.

Snart, Mr. John, on number of live burials, 221.

Somaglia, Cardinal, prematurely embalmed, 230.

Spain, burial practices in, 359.

Spasms of the heart, recovery after supposed death from, 176.

_Spectator, The_, on indifference to the danger, 18.

Spinosa, Cardinal, prematurely embalmed, 230.

Sri Sumangala on risks of live burial or burning in Ceylon, 133.

Stevenson, Dr. A., refuses demand for death-certificate in case of
trance, 97.

Still-born, the, resuscitation of, 341-346.

Struve, Dr. C. A., case of rescue fatally delayed, 106;
on duration of apparent death, 208;
case of recovery by electricity, 262;
cases of recovery of still-born, 342;
of recovery of drowned, 347.

Syncope, statistics of death by, 173;
definition of, 173.

TALMUD, the, its teaching as to burials, 361.

Tanner, Dr. M. S., relates two cases of narrow escape, 76.

Tatham, Dr. John, examined as to live burials, 245.

Terilli, Dr., tardy burial a safeguard, 145.

Tests of death: respiratory, 181;
cardiac and arterial, 181, 182;
putrefactive, 183;
_rigor mortis_, 185;
cadaveric countenance, 187;
clenched jaws, 187;
diaphanous web of fingers, 187;
Richardson’s enumeration of, 193;
Hartmann on fallaciousness of, 194;
official statements of, 195;
_Lancet_ on fallaciousness of, 196;
_British Medical Journal_ on same, 198-201;
Wilder on same, 201;
Gaubert on same, 201;
expert _verificateurs_ of, 202;
popular trust in, 203;
Bavarian official directions for, 204-207.

Thouret, Dr., his inference from opening of graves, 51, 228.

Thieurey, Dr., his estimated number of live burials cited, 222.

Thompson, Sir Henry, on defective death-certification, 240;
advocates cremation to prevent live burial, 276.

Thompson, Mr. W. Arnold, case of still-born child recovered, 345.

Tidy, Dr. C. M., on progressive nature of death, 160;
on causes of sudden death, 161;
on still-born infants, 341.

Tobacco a cause of sudden death, 163.

Trance, definition and symptoms of, 21-23;
Gairdner’s case of, 23-27;
Madden’s cases of, 27-29;
other cases of, 29, 30;
prolonged cases of, 31;
Hufeland on, 43;
in a fakir at Jeypore, 44;
at Lahore, 47;
self-induced at Westminster Aquarium, 48;
cases of, require caution (Pye-Smith), 175 (_footnote_);
Milner on diagnosis of, from death, 186.

_Truth_, relation in, of a case of unverified death, 115.

Turnbull, Mr. Peveril, communicates to _Spectator_ case of exhumation
alive, 111.

UNDERTAKERS, testimony of, 57;
their experience of dubious death, 118;
their fear of premature interment, 156.

_Undertakers’ and Funeral Directors’ Journal_, on risks of hasty
burial, 171;
on frequency of live burial, 226;
on necessity for mortuaries, 295.

_Union Medicale, La_, on premature burial, 247.

United States of America, regulations in, for disposal of dead, 359.

VALENTINE, Dr. Colin S., relates case of escape from burial, 97.

Verification of deaths, in France, 246;
in Brussels, 248;
in Würtemburg, 249;
in the United States, 252.

Vesalius, Andreas, his case of live dissection, 329.

Vienna, ordinances of, for inspection of dead, 355.

Vigné, Dr. J. B., narrates a narrow escape, 66;
testamentary directions to prevent his own live burial, 257.

Vivisection of a criminal, 172.

WADE, Sir Claude, eye-witness of trances in fakirs, 47.

Wadia, Mr. Soabjee Dhunjeebhoy, 138.

Waiting Mortuaries, Gaubert on, 309.

Walker, Dr., of Dublin, his case, 338.

Walker, Mr. G. A., on risks of premature burial, 215.

Walters, Rev. W., on death-certification in Ireland, 241.

Waterman, Dr. S., recoveries from apparent death in heart-disease,
176.

_Wiener Medicinische Zeitung_ on a premature Jewish interment at
Lemberg, 148.

Welby, Mr. Horace, dread of live burial a prevalent one, 153.

Whiter, Rev. Walter, advice as to treatment of the dead, 218.

Whitney, Constance, her tomb in Cripplegate Church, 338.

Widgen, Mrs., recovers many still-born at lying-in hospital, 344.

Wilder, Dr. Alex., brings subject before State Legislature, N.Y., 19;
on predisposition to trance, 120;
on the causes of sudden death, 163;
on risks of premature burial in sudden deaths, 178;
on fallacious signs of death, 201;
advocates cremation to prevent live burial, 280.

Winslow, Dr. Jacques B., a pioneer in the prevention of live burial,
257;
on signs of death, 333, 334.

Wunderbar, R. J., on the origin of, and authority for, early burial
among the Jews, 360.

Würtemburg, official directions of, for ascertaining real death, 195,
249-251;
case of escape from premature interment in, 251;
regulations of, recommended for imitation, 255, 256.

YATES, Edmund, bequeaths fee to surgeon to ensure that he was not
buried alive, 154.

_Hay Nisbet & Co., Printers, 16 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, and
25 Bouverie Street, London, E. C._

FOOTNOTES:

[1] “The Recovery of the Apparently Dead,” by Charles Kite, Member of the Corporation of Surgeons in London, and Surgeon at Gravesend in Kent. London, 1788.

[2] “Histoire de la Médecine,” La Haye, 1729, p. 333.

[3] “Linnæan Transactions,” 1797, vol. iv., p. 155. “An Account of the Jumping Mouse of Canada--_Dipus Canadensis_.”

[4] Archives gén de Med., 1827, xiv., p. 105.

[5] The case referred to, being attended with considerable doubt, is omitted.

[6] _Evening News_, Nottingham, January 10, 1896.

[7] _Health_, May 21, 1886, edited by Dr. Andrew Wilson, pp. 120-1. After relating other cases, Surgeon Curran continues:--“I have myself personally seen or heard on the spot of three such cases--cases that in other hands or in other localities might have passed as dead, were they not buried as such accordingly.”

[8] For the antiquity of the Jewish practice of early burial, see note in Appendix.

[9] Dr. A. B. Granville, “Sudden Death,” p. 278.

[10] Ibid., p. 278.

[11] Ibid., p. 279.

[12] Tidy, “Legal Medicine,” part i., pp. 279-280.

[13] In the 3rd ed., by Dr. Pye Smith, the following occurs at p. 817 of vol. i., under “Trance”:--“These are the cases which have led to the popular belief that death is sometimes only apparent, and that there may be a danger of persons being buried alive; and it cannot be denied that a patient in such a condition might easily be allowed to die by careless or ignorant attendants, or might be buried before death.”

[14] _Bulletin Therap. Méd._, tome xxvii., p. 371.

[15] “Premature Burial: An Examination into the Occult Causes of Apparent Death, Trance, and Catalepsy.” By Franz Hartmann, M.D. Second Edition. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. (One Shilling).

[16] “Pour se convaincre de l’erreur où l’on tomberait en adoptant cette opinion populaire, il suffit de refléchir d’abord qu’un cercueil n’est pas exactement moulé sur les proportions du corps qu’il contient; que, par consequent, tous les intervalles sont remplis d’air respirable, en quantité très-grande, égale à-peu-près à un cube dont le côté aurait 50 centimètres de hauteur. Or, chaque inspiration absorbe environ 1,200 centimètres cubes d’air dont l’oxygène n’est employé dans l’hématose que pour sa cinquième partie, le reste étant rendu pendant l’expiration; il en resulte donc que chaque inspiration ne consomme en réalité que 240 centimètres cubes. L’homme, à l’état normal, respire à-peu-près 800 fois par heure; et, comme un cube de 50 centimètres de côté contient 125,000 centimètres cubes, on doit conclure que cette quantité d’air peut suffire à 520 inspirations normales, c’est à dire à soutenir la vie pendant près de trois quarts d’heure. Mais, d’un autre côté, il est démontré, en botanique, que l’air filtre dans la terre; celui contenu dans le cercueil peut donc en partie se renouveler. On doit nécessairement tenir compte de la nature du terrain où le cercueil à été déposé; s’il est sec, léger ou sablonneux, il laissera pénétrer, circuler pour, ainsi dire, l’air atmosphérique plus facilement, que des terres humides, grasses ou argileuses. Ajoutons enfin, que les quantités determinées plus haut pourraient être réduites de plus de moitié, sans causer directement la mort. On voit donc qu’un homme peut vivre sous terre pendant plusieurs heures, et que ce temps sera d’autant plus court que le sujet sera plus pléthorique, c’est-à-dire predisposé aux congestions cérébrales, puisque, dans ce cas, ses inspirations seront plus larges et plus frequentes.”

[17] Report on “Suspended Animation.” By a Committee of the Royal Med. Chirur. Society, July 12, 1862.

[18] The _British Medical Journal_, August 15, 1894, p. 381, reports a “Discussion on the Overcrowding of the Profession,” in which Dr. Frederick H. Alderson says:--“The very crowded condition of the medical profession concerns a very large body of the profession; neither is the evil limited to any particular section of it. Our physicians are too numerous, our surgeons alike too many, and our general practitioners are legion.”

[19] Quoted by Dr. Franz Hartmann in “Premature Burial.”

[20] Alas for the futility of human expectations of reform when left to the initiation of Governments--this was written twenty-seven years ago, and nothing has been done to remedy the evil!

[21] During the five years ending 1895 the population of France, where of all European countries premature burial is most in vogue, has increased by only 133,819, or, leaving out the immigration of alien population, the increase is under 30,000. The population for all practical purposes may be regarded as stationary.

[22] With reference to the burial customs in Ireland, the _Kings County Chronicle_, Parsonstown, September 17, 1896, says:--“Young children are buried the day after death, but adults are waked for two, and sometimes three nights.”

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:

--Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.