Chapter II: Part 2

The war with Spain is further commemorated by a silver loving cup[27] presented to Rear Admiral Charles D. Sigsbee, U.S.N. Sigsbee, commissioned captain in 1897, was in command of the battleship _Maine_ when she blew up in Havana harbor in 1898. A naval court of inquiry exonerated Sigsbee, his officers, and crew from all blame for the disaster; and the temperate judicious dispatches from Sigsbee at the time did much to temper the popular demand for immediate reprisal.

The cup bears the following inscription:

The Commercial Club of St. Paul Minn. Sends Greetings to Capt.
Charles Dwight Sigsbee who as Commander of the Auxiliary Cruiser
St. Paul had a brilliant share in the Naval Exploits of the
Spanish War of 1898.

May you live long and prosper.

Marks on the cup are those of the Gorham Silver Company and the words "Sterling," "Patented," and "5 pts."

Admiral Sigsbee achieved greater distinction for his services as a scientist than as a naval hero. An outstanding hydrographer, he made a deep-sea survey of the Gulf of Mexico, and from 1893 to 1897 he was chief of the Navy's hydrographic office.

FOR ARCTIC EXPLORATION

In the midst of the myriad of soldiers, sailors, and politicians who have been presented with silver through the past two centuries, we find an arctic explorer being given similar recognition at the beginning of this century. Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary was the first man to reach the North Pole, and the United States National Museum has a collection of silver presented to him in recognition of this achievement.

Peary became interested in arctic exploration as early as 1886 and discovered he had an aptitude for its grueling demands on several minor expeditions to Greenland and the arctic ice cap. In 1893 he became determined to reach the North Pole, and he spent the next 15 years in unsuccessful attempts to achieve his ambition. In 1908 Peary left on another polar expedition; after a hazardous trip, he reached his goal on April 6, 1909. His victory seemed a hollow one because of the claim of a rival explorer that was finally proven spurious. In October a committee of experts appointed by the National Geographic Society supported Peary's claims, and in 1911 he was tendered the thanks of Congress. Admiral Peary's work as an explorer had immense scientific value, as he developed a highly efficient method of exploration which has continued to be used advantageously.

Three loving cups and a replica of a ship in silver[28] that were presented to Peary are in the collections of the United States National Museum. Two of the cups were gifts to Peary from cities in his home state of Maine. One loving cup (cat. 12186), 10 inches high, is marked with the old English "T" of Tiffany & Company, "7072," and "5 pts." It is inscribed:

To Commodore Robert Edwin Peary, U.S.N. in recognition of his
remarkable achievement in placing the flag of the United States at
the North Pole, April 6, 1909. Presented September 23, 1909 by the
City of Bangor, Me.

The other loving cup from Maine (cat. 12187) is 12 inches deep and bears the Tiffany "T," "7056," "Sterling," and "5-1/2 pts." The inscription reads:

Presented by the citizens of Portland, and South Portland, Maine,
To Commodore Robert Edwin Peary, U.S.N. September 23, 1909 in
recognition of his achievement in nailing the stars and stripes to
the North Pole.

The third loving cup (cat. 12188) is 18 inches high and is marked with the lion, anchor, and "G" of the Gorham Silver Company and with "Sterling," "332A," "7 pints," and "D. Kappa Epsilon." The inscription reads:

Presented to Commodore Robert Edwin Peary, U.S.N. by the Delta
Kappa Epsilon Association of New York City, December 18, 1909.

In 1910 the Royal Scottish Geographic Society presented Admiral Peary with a silver replica of a ship (fig. 1) of the type used by Henry Hudson, John Davis, and William Baffin in their explorations for the Northwest Passage. The replica, representing a ship under full sail, is 24 inches high and 20 inches long. The foresail bears a long inscription in Latin likening Peary to other early arctic explorers. The marks indicate the piece was made in Great Britain.

Also in the Museum's collection is a silver plaque[29] presented to Peary by the Circumnavigator's Club in New York. It bears the mark of Tiffany & Company and is inscribed:

Circumnavigator's Club Presented to the Immortal Navigator Peary
on the Occasion of his presence as guest of honor at our Annual
dinner held at Delmonico's New York City, the Eleventh of
December, 1913. Officers: President W. Tyre Stevens, 1st V. P.
Wilson D. Lyon, 2nd V. P. W. D. Oelbermann, Treasurer, F. C.
Schulze, Sec. F. W. Hilgar, Gov. E. H. Paterson, J. H. Burch Jr.,
George L. Carlisle, W. G. Paschoff, C. A. Haslett, William H.
Zinn.

The bottom edge of the plaque is engraved "Tiffany & Co. Makers" and "18417 Sterling Silver."

FOR SERVICE DURING WORLD WAR I

Of all the silver pieces in the collections of the National Museum that commemorate military prowess, the sole piece relating to World War I was presented to a man who achieved fame for his humanitarian service as a diplomat--the Honorable Brand Whitlock, who was appointed American Minister to Belgium in 1913. Whitlock came to the position with a distinguished record as four-time mayor of Toledo, Ohio, where his administration was noted for its reforms. He had insisted on a fair deal for the working man; he liberalized the administration of justice; he kept the city government free of graft; and he won a battle against the power of vested interests in the city.

After the invasion of Belgium in World War I, Whitlock remained at his post where he performed many services for the oppressed citizens. His presence in Brussels facilitated for both friend and foe the enormous task of organizing the distribution of food among the civilian population of Belgium and the occupied zone of France. In 1916 he chose to follow the Belgian Government into exile. His activities won him the lifelong affection and admiration of the people of Belgium, and after the war they showered him with evidences of their esteem. Among the many presentation medals, documents, and miscellaneous gifts that he received is a silver loving cup (fig. 16) from the British Government. On one side the cup bears the British coat of arms, and on the other side is inscribed:

Presented to Brand Whitlock by his Britannic Majesty's Government,
11 November 1918.

The base is marked "C & Co.," "130 Regent St., Carrington and Co., London W," and "Copy of Antique Irish 1717, 66 × 13, P 6610, xy P d."

A presentation piece made of polished steel is really outside the scope of this paper, but as it has an interesting bit of diplomatic history connected with it, it has been included in the catalogue. The object is a paperweight (fig. 17) designed by William Jennings Bryan when he was Secretary of State. The weight, in the form of a plowshare, was made from swords condemned by the War Department. Thirty of these weights were given by Secretary Bryan to the diplomats who in 1914 signed with him treaties providing for the investigation of all international disputes. The shaft of the plow bears the inscription:

"Nothing is final between friends"
"Diplomacy is the art of keeping cool"

The blade is inscribed

"They shall beat their swords into plowshares"
Isaiah 2:4

On the base is engraved:

"From William Jennings Bryan to the Smithsonian Institution,
August 13, 1914"

TO MR. AND MRS. ROBERT TODD LINCOLN

Among the pieces of presentation silver acquired in 1960 by the Smithsonian Institution is a covered urn that was given to Mr. and Mrs. Robert Todd Lincoln by their children on the occasion of their 50th wedding anniversary.[30] Robert Todd Lincoln, son of the President, became a prominent lawyer in Chicago and later served as president of the Pullman Company, as Secretary of War in the cabinets of President Garfield and President Arthur, and as Minister to Great Britain under President Benjamin Harrison. The silver gilt urn has two handles, measures 13 inches from the base to the finial on the cover, and 7 inches at its widest point. Bands of ornamentation feature both the grape design and the acorn and oak-leaf design. It is inscribed:

Robert Todd Lincoln--Mary Harlan 1868-1918

The gilt wash, although almost completely polished off the outside surface, still covers the inside of the urn and its lid.

TO CONGRESSMEN

A silver tureen and tray[31] were given to the Honorable James R. Mann, Republican leader of the House of Representatives, by the members of the House in 1919. Mann was elected a Representative from Illinois in 1897, and he remained a member of Congress until his death in 1922. In 1912 he became minority leader. In addition to the Mann Act, his name is associated with other important legislation of the period such as the Pure Food and Drugs Act and the Woman Suffrage Amendment.

The tray, which holds the tureen, is inscribed:

James R. Mann Republican Leader from House Members of the 65th
Congress, March 3rd, 1919.

It is marked on the back with "W. Sterling, 4086--16 in." The initial represents the Wallace Silver Company.

The oval tureen is on a pedestal base. There is a scroll design around the edge of the base, the edge of the bowl, and the opening of the bowl. The piece measures 14 inches from handle to handle, is 10 inches high, and has the initials "J R M" in old English letters engraved on the side.

In the Museum's collection is a loving cup of Chinese design that was presented by the Chamber of Commerce, Peking, China, to a party of American Congressmen on a tour of China and Japan in 1920.[32] The height of the cup is 17-5/8 inches, and its width, including the two large handles, is 15-5/16 inches. The piece is mounted on a papier-mâche base that is covered with silk. The engraved Chinese characters translate as follows:

Commemorating the welcome of Congressmen from Great America
traveling in China

Respectfully presented by members of the Chinese Diet

May the spring of your well-being be as vast as the ocean.

TO SUFFRAGETTES

Among the significant social changes that occurred in the 19th century was the movement for woman suffrage that began about the middle of the century as a concerted action by a nucleus of determined women. The crusade gained strength and numbers during the second half of the century, and finally achieved success with the ratification of the Suffrage Amendment in 1920. Many women worked in this cause, and the pieces of presentation silver in the National Museum's Woman Suffrage Collection constitute a record of the most important leaders.

Chief spokesman of the movement and its leader for many years was Elizabeth Cady Stanton of New York State. She was instrumental in calling the first Woman's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848, and she served as president of the National Woman Suffrage Association from its beginning in 1869 and as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1890 to 1891. She continued to be an active worker in the movement until her death in 1902, writing and editing many works on suffrage in addition to her administrative work.

On the occasion of her 80th birthday in 1895, Mrs. Stanton was presented with a silver tray[33] (8 inches wide and 1-1/2 inches deep) that is inscribed:

From the Ladies of Seneca Falls, 1848-1895.

This tray, presented at a meeting at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, bears on the back a "W" in a circle, a two-headed lion in a rectangle (probably an early mark of the Wallace Silver Company), the word "Sterling," and the number "2048."

On the same occasion Mrs. Stanton was presented a silver loving cup[34] that is inscribed:

1815-1895 Presented to Elizabeth Cady Stanton by the New York City
Woman Suffrage League, November 12, 1895. Defeated day by day but
unto victory born.

The cup, 4-1/2 inches in diameter and 7-3/8 inches deep, is marked on the bottom with the Wallace "W," similar to the mark on the tray, and "Sterling, 3798, 4-1/2 pints, 925/100 fine, Pat 1892."

The life story of Susan B. Anthony is a record of 60 years of devotion and work for the enfranchisement of women. An organizer and director of countless suffrage activities, she was tireless in conducting campaigns for woman suffrage. She is the one individual who has become so identified with the fight for woman suffrage that, more than any other, her name has become synonymous with that term. During her lifetime she worked in almost every capacity in the organized movement. She became president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1892 and served until her 80th birthday in 1900. On that occasion the Colorado Equal Suffrage Association presented her with a miniature, three-handled loving cup that stands only 3-3/4 inches high (fig. 18). In one section of the cup there is engraved the word "Colorado" and the state's coat of arms; in an adjoining section is an engraving of the state flower; and in the third section is the following inscription:

Colorado Equal Suffrage Association to Susan B. Anthony on her
80th Birthday 1900.

The cup is marked on the bottom "Sterling, 590, A. J. Stark & Co., Denver."

She was also given a silver-plated teakettle[35] by the Political Equality Club of Rochester, New York. The stand is 3-1/2 inches high, and the teapot is 5-1/4 inches high. Engraved around the top of the teapot is:

Susan B. Anthony 1820-1893.

The stand is marked "Mfd. & Plated Reed & Barton" and "65."

The chosen leader of the Woman Suffrage Movement after 1900 was Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, a vigorous organizer and campaigner who led the drive for the constitutional amendment that was finally ratified in 1920. Mrs. Catt founded the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in 1902 and served as its president until 1923. Her late years were devoted to the cause of international peace and disarmament.

Mrs. Catt was the prime mover in calling the first international conference on suffrage, which, in 1902, welcomed representatives from nine foreign nations--Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Turkey, Russia, Australia, and Chile. The delegates were honored guests at the National Suffrage Convention then in session in Washington where they also attended two congressional hearings on suffrage and were received by President Theodore Roosevelt at the White House.[36] Mrs. Catt was given a silver tray[37] inscribed:

To Carrie Chapman Catt from the foreign delegates to the First
International Suffrage Conference, Washington, D.C., Feb. 12-18,
1902.

The back of the tray is marked "Galt & Bro. Sterling, 386." The Galt silver firm is in Washington, D.C.

The campaign for the first referendum in the state of New York on woman suffrage was considered to be the most decisive of all the state fights. New York was divided into 12 campaign districts working under Mrs. Catt. The campaign was most vigorously waged, but the referendum was defeated.[38] After the New York campaign Mrs. Catt received a silver gilt tray[39] inscribed:

Honorable Carrie Chapman Catt from Katherine Howard Notman

Eleventh Assembly District Campaign Chairman, 1915

The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on
account of sex.

The tray is marked on the reverse "Tiffany and Co., 18154, Makers 811, Sterling Silver, 925/1000/M."

Mrs. Catt had started the suffrage movement in the Philippine Islands when she visited there in 1912 and organized the first suffrage club in Manila. In 1937 the Philippine legislature submitted the question of votes for women to the women of the Islands themselves. The campaign committee working out of Manila sent native women campaigners throughout the Islands to be sure all races and religions were represented in the vote. Mrs. Catt raised money in this country and sent it to the campaign committee to help with the fight.[40] Over half a million Philippine women voted favorably on the question, and several months later Mrs. Catt was presented with a silver plaque, mounted on native woods, that is now in the Museum's collection.[41] It is inscribed:

In grateful acknowledgement of the moral and financial aid given
by the women of America through Carrie Chapman Catt to the women
of the Philippines through the International Federation of Women's
Clubs in their struggles for their political rights culminating in
ultimate victory in April, 1937.

FOR SPORTS EVENTS

The earliest of the sports trophies in the collection is an ornate belt (fig. 19) made of blue velvet upon which are mounted five engraved silver plates connected by silver straps. On the center plate is the inscription:

6 Days Bicycle Champion Belt of Scotland Won by H. W. Higham
Nottingham 19th June 1880 Contested at Glasgow

One of the two adjoining smaller plates has an engraving of a man riding a high-wheeled bicycle, and the other has an engraving of a man standing beside a similar bicycle. The two outer plates are engraved with Scottish coats of arms. The belt is 34-1/2 inches long and 3 inches wide.

Trophies were awarded for competition among the various makes of cars almost as early as the advent of the automobile itself. The earliest such trophy in the Museum's collection is a three-handled, cut-glass cup[42] with a wide silver rim on which is engraved:

Automobile Club of New Jersey. Eagle Rock Hill Climbing Contest.
First Prize Nov. 5, 1901.

The prize was won by Charles E. Duryea who drove an automobile of his own manufacture.

Most important of the automobile trophies was the Vanderbilt Cup (fig. 20) for racing, which was established by William K. Vanderbilt, Jr., in 1904 to bring the best cars of foreign make to the United States so that domestic manufacturers could observe them. It is believed that the trophy contributed in this way to the rapid development of the automobile in the United States. The Vanderbilt Cup races were held annually in the United States under the auspices of the American Automobile Association.

The silver cup, measuring 23 inches high and 20 inches in diameter and weighing about 40 pounds, is engraved with statistics of the various races--such as dates, winners, types of cars, distances, and times.[43] There is a wreath around the brim, and the front is decorated with a period racing car in repoussé. The inscription reads:

Challenge Cup Presented by W. K. Vanderbilt Jr. American
Automobile Assn. under deed of gift to be raced for yearly by cars
under 1000 kilos.

On the inside of the stem is marked "Tiffany and Co." and "35 pints."

Athletic trophies in the collection include eight silver and silver-plated loving cups awarded for athletic events to the crew members of various ships of the U.S. Navy.[44] The sporting events represented include baseball and football games, canoe and cutter races, and track meets held among the fleet between 1903 and 1915.

TROWELS FOR CORNERSTONE LAYING

The National Museum also has a small collection of silver trowels used for laying cornerstones of public buildings. There is an ivory-handled trowel (fig. 21) with the inscription:

This Trowel was used by His Excellency Ulysses S. Grant. President
of the United States in laying the Corner Stone of the Building
erected by the Department of Public Parks for the American Museum
of Natural History and presented to him by the Trustees of the
Museum New York June 2^nd 1874.

There are also some silver trowels in the Bishop Matthew Simpson Collection.[45] The earliest of these is inscribed:

Presented to Bishop Simpson D.D.L.L.D. at a laying of a stone of
the New Wesleyan Church, Willesden, in commemoration of the 1st
Methodist OEcumenical Conference held in London, Sept. 10, 1881.

This trowel (cat. 38199) bears the English standard marks with the initials "H. H."

On the same trip to London Bishop Simpson received an ivory-handled silver trowel (cat. 38198) inscribed:

Presented to Bishop Simpson upon his laying the foundation stone
of Clouditte Methodist Church, Dublin, 12th October, 1881.

Another silver trowel in the same collection is inscribed:

Used by Bishop Simpson at the laying of the cornerstone of the
Wenonah Methodist Episcopal Church, Wenonah, New Jersey, Aug. 15,
1883, and presented to him in loving remembrance of his presence.

This trowel (cat. 38197) is marked "Coin" on the back.

The fourth trowel, given to Mrs. Simpson, is inscribed as follows:

Presented to Mrs. Bishop Matthew Simpson by the Lady Managers in
loving remembrance of her laying the cornerstone of the Methodist
Episcopal Orphanage, Philadelphia, Oct. 13, 1887.

The back of this trowel (cat. 38208) is marked "Sterling."

FIRE TRUMPETS

Three fire trumpets in a collection[46] on loan from the Insurance Company of North America are inscribed as presentation pieces. One of these is 22 inches high and has eagle-head handles and an overall repoussé design. This trumpet is engraved:

May 1871 Retired from active service by the establishment of the
Volunteer Fire Department In grateful remembrance we restore to
Samuel G. Simpson his handsome gift presented by him to the
Southwark Fire Co. Nov. 7, 1865.

Another trumpet is engraved with crossed ladders, pikes, and fire helmets against an overall floral design. It is 19-1/2 inches high. The inscription reads:

Presented to Vigilant Engine Co. #6 of Paterson New Jersey at the
Annual Fair of the Willis Street Baptist Church April 1879.

The inscription on the third trumpet reads simply:

Presented to Captain George W. Erb by the Ladies of St. Rose's
Fair.

It has an elaborate engine-engraved design and is 21-1/2 inches high.

* * * * *

U.S. Government Printing Office: 1965

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 30 cents

* * * * *

_Paper 47, pages 81-108, from UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 241_:

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM
THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY
AND TECHNOLOGY

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1965

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Bequest of Arthur Michaels (acc. 162866, cat. 383497),
Division of Cultural History, USNM.

[2] E. ALFRED JONES, _The Old Silver of American Churches_
(National Society of Colonial Dames of America, 1913), pp. 68-69
and pl. 27.

[3] Bequest of Arthur Michaels (acc. 162866, cat. 383549),
Division of Cultural History, USNM.

[4] H. MAXSON HOLLOWAY, "American Presentation Silver,"
_New-York Historical Society Quarterly_ (October 1946), vol. 30,
p. 228.

[5] "The Journal of the Proceedings of the Commissioners
Plenipotentiary, Appointed on Behalf of the United States to
Treat with the Northwestern Tribes of Indians," _American State
Papers ... Indian Affairs_, vol. 1, pp. 826-836.

[6] G. Carroll Lindsay, "The Treaty Pipe of the Delawares,"
_Antiques_ (1958), vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 44-45.

[7] Gift of Thomsen H. Alexander (acc. 63880, cat. 22995),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[8] Bequest of Amy Wetmore May (acc. 190331, cat. 387945),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[9] Gift of Estate of Sophie P. Casey (acc. 171620, cat.
44364), Division of Political History, USNM.

[10] Bequest of Henry R. Magruder (acc. 47577, cat. 10793),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[11] EARL CHAPIN MAY, _Century of Silver 1847-1947: Connecticut
Yankees and a Noble Metal_ (New York: McBride and Co., 1947), pl.
36.

[12] Loan of Mrs. Samuel Reber (acc. 87949, cat. 35145),
Division of Armed Forces History, USNM.

[13] _Infantry_ (vol. 2 of _The Army Lineage Book_),
Washington, 1953.

[14] Loan of Metropolitan Museum of Art (acc. 64761, cat.
26209), Division of Political History, USNM.

[15] ISABELLA FIELD JUDSON, ed., _Cyrus W. Field, His Life and
Work_ (New York, 1896), p. 110.

[16] Gift of Isabella Field Judson (acc. 116488, cat. 37662),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[17] Gift of Isabella Field Judson (acc. 32290, cat. 7214),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[18] Gift of William Lilly (acc. 103012, cat. 35780), Division
of Political History, USNM.

[19] Gift of William Lilly (acc. 103012, cats. 35781-82),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[20] JOHN D. CHAMPLIN, Jr., ed., _Narrative of the Mission to
Russia in 1866 of the Hon. Gustavus Vasa Fox from the Journal and
Notes of J. F. Loubat_ (New York, 1873), p. 264.

[21] Snuffboxes were given by sovereigns to those who were not
allowed to receive decorations. Such boxes were of three grades:
plain gold boxes, boxes set with diamonds, and boxes having both
diamonds and the sovereign's miniature. The latter were given
only to persons of the highest distinction.

[22] CHAMPLIN, p. 359.

[23] Gift of Elizabeth Hardenburg (acc. 53695, cat. 12782),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[24] From a speech by Cox delivered in the House of Representatives,
April 24, 1888.

[25] Gift of Katherine Batcheller (acc. 112477, cat. 36871),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[26] Collection gift of Mrs. R. S. Wortley (acc. 136891),
Division of Naval History, USNM.

[27] Gift of Nellie G. Gunther (acc. 84594, cat. 35647),
Division of Naval History, USNM.

[28] Loan of Robert E. Peary (acc. 52878), Division of Naval
History, USNM.

[29] Loan of Mrs. Robert E. Peary (acc. 177710, cat. 46014),
Division of Naval History, USNM.

[30] Gift of Lincoln Isham (acc. 227132.1), Division of
Political History, USNM.

[31] Gift of Mrs. James R. Mann (acc. 70676, cats. 34113-14),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[32] The cup (acc. 66168, cat. 30852) was deposited in the
United States National Museum (Division of Political History) by
the Honorable John. H. Small, who was chairman of the group of
traveling Congressmen.

[33] Gift of Harriot Stanton Blatch (acc. 127776, cat. 38762),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[34] Gift of Harriot Stanton Blatch (acc. 127776, cat. 38763),
Division of Political History, USNM.

[35] Gift of National American Woman Suffrage Association (acc.
64601, cat. 26162), Division of Political History, USNM.

[36] MARY GRAY PECK, _Carrie Chapman Catt_ (New York: H. W.
Wilson Co., 1944), pp. 121-122.

[37] Gift of National American Woman Suffrage Association (acc.
147840, cat. 42083), Division of Political History, USNM.

[38] PECK, op. cit., pp. 220-232.

[39] Gift of National American Woman Suffrage Association (acc.
147840, cat. 42084), Division of Political History, USNM.

[40] PECK, op. cit., pp. 457-458.

[41] Gift of National American Woman Suffrage Association (acc.
147840, cat. 42085), Division of Political History, USNM.

[42] Gift of Mrs. Charles Duryea (acc. 144429, cat. 311338),
Division of Transportation, USNM.

[43] Statistics on the cup for the races held from 1904 to 1916
are an interesting record of the development of the automobile.
For instance, the winning speed increased from 52.2 miles per
hour in 1904 to 86.99 miles per hour in 1916.

[44] These trophies were received as a transfer from the
Department of Defense (acc. 83961).

[45] Gift of the Misses Simpson (acc. 104604), Division of
Political History, USNM.

[46] (Acc. 138182, cat. 311087), Division of Transportation,
USNM.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

All footnotes were moved to the end of the text.

Some illustrations have been moved.

A List of Illustrations was added.

Archaic and variable spelling is preserved.

The author's punctuation style is preserved.

The following changes were made to the original text:

Page 92: =silverplated= standardized to =silver-plated=
(by the Meriden Britannia Company for its high-grade,
=silver-plated= hollow-ware made on a base of silver
nickel.)

Page 92: =old-English= standardized to =old English= (and has
the initials "J R M" in =old English= letters
engraved on the side.)

Footnote 25: Added period after =cat= (Gift of Katherine
Batcheller (acc. 112477, =cat.= 36871), Division
of Political History, USNM.)

Footnote 26: =UNSM= changed to =USNM= (Collection gift of
Mrs. R. S. Wortley (acc. 136891), Division of
Naval History, =USNM=.)