Chapter X: Conclusion (2)

[160] Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1897, p. 8, pl. 4 Ἀγαθὴ τύχη, Γ(άϊος) Ἰούλιος Μητρόδωρος Μαραθ(ώνιος) θεσμοθετήσας Ἀπόλλωνι ὑπὸ Μακραῖς ἀνέθηκεν.

[161] Ἐφ. Ἀρχ. 1897, p. 9, pl. 4 Τιβ(έριος) Ἀντίστιος Κίνεας ἐκ Κοίλης Ἀπόλλωνι ὑπ’ Ἄκραις βασιλεύς.

[162] Ar. Ἀθ. Πολ. LV. 15 and Harpocrat. _s.v._ Ἀπόλλων Πατρῷος.

[163] Ar. Ἀθ. Πολ. LVII. 4. There is no mention of Delphi, and the word ἰσομέτρητον does not occur, but in Plato’s reference (_Phaedr._ 235 D) it is distinctly stated both occur, καί σοι ἐγὼ ὥσπερ οἱ ἐννέα ἄρχοντες, ὑπισχνοῦμαι χρυσὴν εἰκόνα ἰσομέτρητον εἰς Δελφοὺς ἀναθήσειν.

[164] Ar. Ἀθ. Πολ. LV. 5 ἐντεῦθεν δ’ ὀμόσαντες εἰς ἀκρόπολιν βαδίζουσιν καὶ πάλιν ἐκεῖ ταῦτα ὀμνύουσι.

[165] Dem. _de Cor._ 275 καλῶ ... καὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλω τὸν Πύθιον ὃς πατρῷός ἐστι τῇ πόλει.

[166] _C.I.A._ III. 198.

[167] Prof. Dörpfeld kindly tells me that he thinks it quite possible that the poros structure below and north of the Klepsydra may be remains of the Olympion. The situation would of course admirably suit the words of Thucydides. The remains are marked in solid black in Fig. 46.

[168] For full particulars of this temple see my _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 190.

[169] I see to my great regret that Prof. Ernest Gardner in translating Thucydides II. 15 renders ἱερόν throughout by ‘_temple_’, ‘the temple of Olympian Zeus, the Pythium, the temple of Earth.’ Though _templum_ in Latin is used to denote any sanctified space of earth or air, surely such a use of _temple_ is misleading in English.

[170] Paus. I. 18. 9 τοῦ δὲ Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς Δευκαλίωνα οἰκοδομῆσαι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἱερὸν σημεῖον ἀποφαίνοντες ὡς Δευκαλίων Ἀθήνῃσιν ᾤκησε τάφον τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ νῦν οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστηκότα.

[171] _A. Mitt._ 1895, p. 56. The word οἰκοδομέω does not necessarily imply house or temple building. It is used of building a wall, a labyrinth.

[172] Plat. _Phaedr._ 227 Σω. ἀτὰρ Λυσίας ἦν ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἄστει; Φαι. Ναὶ παρ’ Ἐπικράτει ἐν τῇδε τῇ πλησίον τοῦ Ὀλυμπίου οἰκίᾳ τῇ Μορυχίᾳ. Nothing can be inferred from ἐν ἄστει. It means simply ‘in town’ as opposed to the Peiraeus or the country.

[173] Thucyd. I. 126 ἔστι γὰρ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις Διάσια ἃ καλεῖται Διὸς ἑορτὴ Μειλιχίου μεγίστη, ἔξω τῆς πόλεως.

[174] For a discussion of the worship of Meilichios see my _Prolegomena_, pp. 12-29. What I there say as to the chthonic character of Meilichios still I hope holds good, but I offer my apologies to M. Foucart for my attempted refutation of his theory as to the Semitic origin of the god. I now see that he was right. Meilichios is none other than מֶלֶךְ misunderstood. See also Lagrange, _Études sur les Religions Sémitiques_, 1905, pp. 99-109.

[175] _Par. Chron._ (Jacobi) 6 Βασιλεύοντος Ἀθηνῶν Κρ[ανα]οῦ ἀφ’ οὗ κατακλυσμὸς ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος ἐγένετο καὶ Δευκαλίων τοὺς ὄμβρους ἔφυγεν ἐγ Λυκωρείας εἰς Ἀθήνας πρὸ[ς Κρανα]ὸν καὶ τοῦ Διὸ[ς το]ῦ Ὀ[λυ]μ[πί]ου τὸ ἱ[ε]ρὸν ἱδ[ρύσατ]ο [καὶ] τὰ σωτήρια ἔθυσεν. I would suggest that behind Kranaos hides another Semitic figure, Kronos.

[176] Herod. VIII. 44.

[177] Schol. ad Ar. _Av._ 1527 πατρῷον δὲ τιμῶσιν Ἀπόλλωνα Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐπεὶ Ἴων ὁ πολέμαρχος Ἀθηναίων ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Κρεούσης τῆς Ξούθου ἐγένετο.

[178] Paus. I. 31. 2.

[179] Eur. _Ion_, 57-64.

[180] Eur. _Ion_, 289-295.

[181] Paus. VII. 1. 2, and see _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. lxxxi.

[182] Eur. _Ion_, 492.

[183] Ar. _Lys._ 911.

[184] See _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 546.

[185] Eur. _Ion_, 492, trans. Mr D. S. MacColl.

[186] Ar. _Lys._ 720 τὴν μὲν δὲ πρώτην διαλέγουσαν τὴν ὄπιν.

[187] Paus. I. 22. 3.

[188] For a full list of these see Dr Frazer on P. I. 22. 3.

[189] Ar. _Thesm._ 300 καὶ τῇ Κουροτρόφῳ τῇ Γῇ, schol. εἴτε τῇ γῇ εἴτε τῇ ἑστίᾳ, ὁμοίως πρὸ τοῦ Διὸς θύουσιν αὐτῇ.

[190] Suidas, _s.v._ Κουροτρόφος Γῆ ... καταστῆσαι δὲ νόμιμον τοὺς θύοντάς τινι θεῷ ταύτῃ προθύειν.

[191] Paus. I. 20. 3. See Mr Mitchell Carroll in the _Classical Review_ (July 1905, p. 325), ‘Thucydides, Pausanias and the Dionysium in Limnis,’ but Mr Carroll makes the to my mind fatal mistake of examining the Limnae question apart from the other sanctuaries.

[192] See Dr Verrall (_Class. Rev._ XIV. 1900, p. 278), who cites Burnham Beeches which has nothing to do with any _beech_ and Sandiacre which has nothing to do with _sand_, and, as Mr Carroll observes, ‘Rhode Island’ is not an island nor is Washington a Washing-Town.

[193] Such sources as are necessary for my argument will be given as required, but the whole material for the study of the Attic festivals of Dionysos has been collected by Dr Martin P. N. Nilsson in his _Studia de Dionysiis Atticis_, Lund, 1900.

[194] For the ceremonies see my _Prolegomena_, p. 40.

[195] Athen. XI. p. 464 F. Φανόδημος δὲ πρὸς τῷ ἱερῷ φησὶ τοῦ ἐν Λίμναις Διονύσου τὸ γλεῦκος φέροντας τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἐκ τῶν πίθων τῷ θεῷ κιρνάναι: and X. 437 B ... ἀποφέρειν τοὺς στεφάνους πρὸς τὸ ἐν Λίμναις τέμενος.

[196] [Dem.] _c. Neaer._ § 73 καὶ τοῦτον τὸν νόμον γράψαντες ἐν στήλῃ λιθίνῃ ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Διονύσου παρὰ τὸν βωμὸν ἐν Λίμναις.

[197] _c. Neaer._ § 76 καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἐν τῷ ἀρχαιοτάτῳ ἱερῷ τοῦ Διονύσου καὶ ἁγιωτάτῳ ἐν Λίμναις ἔστησαν ἵνα μὴ πολλοὶ εἰδῶσι τὰ γεγραμμένα· ἅπαξ γὰρ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑκάστου ἀνοίγεται, τῇ δωδεκάτῃ τοῦ Ἀνθεστηριῶνος μηνός.

[198] This and the separate character of the festivals belonging to the Limnae from those of the precinct of Dionysos Eleuthereus were first pointed out I believe by Professor W. v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, ‘Die Bühne von Æschylos,’ _Hermes_ XXI. p. 617.

[199] The sources are (1) the law of Euegoros (Dem. _c. Meid._ 10) Εὐήγορος εἶπεν· ὅταν ἡ πομπὴ ᾖ τῷ Διονύσῳ ἐν Πειραιεῖ καὶ οἱ κωμῳδοὶ καὶ οἱ τραγῳδοί, καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ Ληναίῳ πομπὴ καὶ οἱ τραγῳδοὶ καὶ οἱ κωμῳδοί, καὶ τοῖς ἐν ἄστει Διονυσίοις ἡ πομπή ...; (2) an official inscription, _C.I.A._ II. 741, in which the same two festivals are three times mentioned.

[200] Poll. _On._ IV. 121 καὶ Διονυσιακὸν θέατρον καὶ Ληναϊκόν.

[201] Hesych. _s.v._ ἐπὶ Ληναίῳ ἀγών· ἔστιν ἐν τῷ ἄστει Λήναιον περίβολον ἔχον μέγαν, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ Ληναίου Διονύσου ἱερόν, ἐν ᾧ ἐπετελοῦντο οἱ ἀγῶνες Ἀθηναίων πρὶν τὸ θέατρον οἰκοδομηθῆναι. The same account is given by Photius _s.v._ Λήναιον, by the _Etym. Magnum_ ἐπὶ Ληναίῳ and Bekker’s _Anecdota_ I. p. 278.

[202] Phot. _s.v._ ἴκρια: τὰ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ, ἀφ’ ὧν ἐθεῶντο τοὺς Διονυσιακοὺς ἀγῶνας πρὶν ἢ κατασκευασθῆναι τὸ ἐν Διονύσου θέατρον, and see also Eustath. 1472, 7, and Hesych. _s.v._ παρ’ αἰγείρον θέα. Hesychius quotes Eratosthenes from whom very probably all the other accounts came.

[203] Tim. _Lex. Plat._ Ὀρχήστρα τόπος ἐπιφάνης εἰς πανήγυριν ἔνθα Ἀρμοδίου καὶ Ἀριστογείτονος εἰκόνες.

[204] Paus. I. 8. 4.

[205] To any one using my _Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens_ I must at this point offer my apologies. The rough sketch map of the agora (facing p. 5) was made before Prof. Dörpfeld’s excavations. The _Limnae_ is wrongly marked on the district near the Dipylon. I was at that time convinced only that the _Limnae_ did _not_ lie South of the Acropolis and wrongly identified it with the sanctuary seen by Pausanias on his entrance into the city. The _orchestra_ also on my plan must be moved further to the South-East. The conjectural site of the Odeion seen by Pausanias is shown on Prof. Dörpfeld’s plan (Fig. 46). At this point a curved foundation of Roman masonry has come to light.

[206] Plat. _Prot._ 327.

[207] Ar. _Ran. Hyp._ ἐδιδάχθη ἐπὶ Καλλίου τοῦ μετὰ Ἀντιγένη διὰ Φιλωνίδου εἰς Λήναια.

[208] Ar. _Ran._ 218

ἣν ἀμφὶ Νυσήιον
Διὸς Διόνυσον ἐν
Λήμναις ἰαχήσαμεν
ἡνίχ’ ὁ κραιπαλόκωμος
τοῖς ἱεροῖσι Χύτροισι
χωρεῖ κατ’ ἐμὸν τέμενος λαῶν ὄχλος.

Trans. by Mr Gilbert Murray. For the χύτρινοι ἀγῶνες, see Schol. _ad loc._, ἤγοντο ἀγῶνες αὐτόθι οἱ χύτρινοι καλούμενοι καθ’ ἅ φησιν Φιλόχορος ἐν τῇ ἑκτῇ τῶν Ἀτθίδων.

[209] For the literature of the excavations see Bibliography. A _résumé_ of the portion relating to the _Limnae_ will be found in Dr Frazer’s _Pausanias_, vol. V. p. 495, Addenda, Athens.

[210] H. Schrader, ‘Funde im Bezirk des Dionysion,’ _A. Mitt._, 1896, XXI. p. 265, pl. IX.

[211] Published and fully discussed by Dr S. Wide, ‘Inschrift der Iobakchen,’ _A. Mitt._ 1894, p. 248, and see E. Maass, _Orpheus_, p. 16 ff.

[212] _C.I.A._ III. 1159, 1186, 1193, 1197, 1202. See Dr Wide, _op. cit._ p. 1.

[213] See Dr Dörpfeld, _A. Mitt._ XX. 1895, p. 34. The intricacies of this earlier _Bakcheion_ do not concern the present argument.

[214] I owe this view to the kindness of Mr Percy Droop of Trinity College. It is taken from a point close to the N.W. end of the _Lesche_ (Fig. 24).

[215] _A. Mitt._ V. 116.

[216] Schol. ad Ar. _Ran._ 216 Λίμνη τόπος ἱερὸς Διονύσου ἐν ᾧ καὶ οἶκος καὶ νεὼς τοῦ θεοῦ Καλλίμαχος ἐν Ἑκάλῃ

Λιμναίῳ δὲ χοροστάδας ἦγον ἑορτάς.

[217] Thucyd. II. 15 τὸ ἐν Λίμναις Διονύσου.

[218] _c. Neaer._ 76 τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Διονύσου ἐν Λίμναις.

[219] Phanodemus ap. Athen. XI. 465 A τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ ἐν Λίμναις Διονύσου.

[220] Is. _Or._ VIII. 35 τὸ ἐν Λίμναις Διονύσιον. For these references see Dr Dörpfeld, ‘Lenaion,’ _A. Mitt._ 1895, XX. p. 368.

[221] For the fullest account of this orchestra see Prof. Dörpfeld, _Das Griechische Theater_, p. 27.

[222] In the _Parian Chronicle_, ἀφ’ οὗ Θέσπις ὁ ποιητὴς [ὑπεκρίνα]το πρῶτος, ὃς ἐδίδαξε [δρ]ᾶ[μα ἐν ἄ]στ[ει. The restoration ἐν ἄστει seems certain.

[223] Ps. Plut. _Vit. X. Orat._ 6 εἰσήνεγκε δὲ καὶ νόμους τὸν περὶ τῶν κωμῳδῶν ἀγῶνα τοῖς Χύτροις ἐπιτελεῖν ἐφάμιλλον ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, καὶ τὸν νικήσαντα εἰς ἄστυ καταλέγεσθαι, πρότερον οὐκ ἐξὸν, ἀναλαμβάνων τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐκλελοιπότα.

[224] Ps. Plut. _Vit. X. Orat._

[225] Paus. I. 8. 6 τὸ θέατρον ὃ καλοῦσιν ᾠδεῖον.

[226] Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ II. 5. 4 τὸ ἐν τῷ Κεραμεικῷ θέατρον ὃ δὴ ἐπωνόμασται Ἀγριππεῖον. For the whole question of the Odeion which, save for its possible identity in site with the old orchestra, does not concern us, see Dr Dörpfeld, ‘Die verschiedenen Odeien in Athen,’ _A. Mitt._ XVII. 1892, p. 352.

[227] _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_, Chapter II., The Anthesteria.

[228] Dr Verrall, _J. H. S._ XX. 115.

[229] _Journal of Hellenic Studies_ XXIV. p. xxxix. 1904.

[230] It seems to me possible that the transition may have been helped as regards the word Lenaion by the fact that the Greek ληνός means _coffin_ as well as _wine-press_. The ληνός like the πίθος could be used for purposes widely diverse.

[231] A. Koerte, ‘Bezirk eines Heilgottes,’ _A. Mitt._ 1893, XVIII. pl. xi.; A. Koerte, ‘Ausgrabungen am Westabhange IV. Das Heiligtum des Amynos,’ _A. Mitt._ 1896, XXI. p. 286, pl. xi.

[232]

ων τευξα-
—ων σεμνοτάτην.
Λυσιμαχι]δῆς Λυσιμάχου Ἀχαρνε[ύς.

See Dr Koerte’s discussion of the relief, _A. Mitt._ 1893, p. 235.

[233] See my _Prolegomena_, p. 349.

[234] Koerte, _A. Mitt._ 1896, XXI. p. 295 Μνησιπτολέμη ὑπὲρ Δικαιοφάνου[ς] Ἀσκληπιῷ Ἀμύνῳ ἀνέθηκε.

[235] Koerte, _op. cit._ p. 299 ... δεδόχθαι τοῖς ὀργεῶσι ἐπειδή εἶσιν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ περὶ τὰ κοινὰ τῶν ὀργεώνων τοῦ Ἀμύνου καὶ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ τοῦ Δεξίονος....

[236] line 15 ἀναγράψαι δὲ τόδε τὸ ψήφισμα ἐν στήλαις λιθίναις δυοῖν καὶ στῆσαι τὴν μὲν ἐν τῷ το[ῦ] Δεξίονος ἱερῷ τὴν δὲ [ἐ]ν τῷ το(ῦ) Ἀμύνου καὶ Ἀσκληπιοῦ.

[237] For the worship of Sophocles, see my _Prolegomena_, p. 346.

[238] Eur. _El._ 1271.

[239] _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, II. p. 554.

[240] _Prolegomena_, pp. 239-253.

[241] Athen. X. 437.

[242] Harp. _s.v._ Πάνδημος Ἀφροδίτη ... Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν τῷ περὶ Θεῶν πάνδημόν φησιν Ἀθήνῃσι κληθῆναι τὴν ἀφιδρυθεῖσαν περὶ τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἀγοράν....

[243] Paus. I. 22. 3.

[244] Dörpfeld, _A. Mitt._ 1896, p. 511.

[245] Foucart, _Bull. de Corr. Hell._ 1889, p. 157.

[246] The facsimile is from Δελτίον 1889, p. 127. The inscription reads as follows:

...]δωρος μ’ ἀνέθηκ’ Ἀφροδίτην δῶρον ἀπαρχήν.
Πότνια τῶν ἀγαθῶν τῶ[ι] σὺ δὸς ἀφθον[ί]αν.
οἵ τε λέγ[ου]σι λόγους ἀδίκως ψευδᾶς κ...εκ....

It is discussed with the two that follow by Mr Foucart, _Bull. de Corr. Hell._ 1889, p. 157.

[247]

Τόνδε σοὶ, ὦ μεγάλη σεμνὴ Πάνδημε Ἀφρ[οδίτη]
[κοσ]μοῦμεν δώροις εἰκόσιν ἡμετέραις

Ἀρχῖνος Ἀλυπήτου Σκαμβωνίδης, Μενεκράτεια Δεξικράτους
Ἰκαριέως θυγάτηρ, ἱέρεια τῆς [Ἀφροδίτης], ...
...Δ]εξικράτους Ἰκαριέως θυγάτηρ, Ἀρχίνου δὲ μήτηρ.

For discussion of this inscription and the nature of the building dedicated, see Dr Kawerau, ‘Die Pandemos-Weihung auf der Akropolis’ (_A. Mitt._ 1905), which through his kindness reached me after the above was written.

[248]

ἡ πομπὴ τῆι Ἀφροδίτηι τε͂ι Πανδή-
μωι παρασκευάζειν εἰς κάθαρσι[ν
τ]οῦ ἱεροῦ περιστέραν καὶ περιαλε[ῖ-
ψαι] τοὺς βωμοὺς καὶ πιττῶσαι τὰ[ς
ὀροφὰς] καὶ λοῦσαι τὰ ἔδη παρασκευ-
άσαι δὲ κα]ὶ πορφύραν ὁλκὴν 𐅂 𐅂 [𐅂.

See _B.C.H._ 1889, p. 157, and _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 331.

[249] Plat. _Symp._ 180 D. For Aphrodite Ourania, see _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 211.

[250] Paus. IX. 16. 3.

[251] I follow M. Victor Bérard, _Origine des cultes Arcadiens_, p. 142. Ourania is ‘Queen of Heaven,’ מלכת־השׁמים, as in the Hebrew scriptures, Jerem. vii. 18, xliv. 18-20. Pandemos is רבת־הארץ, lady of the land. I have ventured above, p. 54, to suggest that to the armed Ourania, the _Virgo Caelestis_, we owe at least some elements in the armed Athena.

[252] Paus. VIII. 32. 2.

[253] Herod. I. 105. The name Kythera is Semitic (כתרת); see M. Victor Bérard, _Les Phéniciens et l’Odyssée_, p. 427. _Kythera_ means a headdress, a tiara, and its Greek ‘doublette’ is Skandeia.

[254] Paus. I. 14. 7.

[255] We have incidentally curious evidence of the association of Kourotrophos with the Oriental Aphrodite. An inscription (_C.I.A._ III. 411) found on a Turkish wall near the temple of Nike mentions the entrance to a chapel of Blaute and Kourotrophos (εἴσοδος πρὸς σηκὸν Βλαύτης καὶ Κουροτρόφου). Lydus (_de Mens._ I. 21), on the authority of Phlegon, tells us that Blatta was ‘a title of Aphrodite among the Phenicians’ (καὶ βλάττα δέ, ἐξ ἧς τὰ βλάττια λέγομεν, ὄνομα Ἀφροδίτης, ἐστι κατὰ τοὺς Φοίνικας ὡς ὁ Φλέγων ἐν τῷ περὶ ἑορτῶν φησί). He does not tell us,—what is obvious enough,—that Blaute and Blatta are Greek attempts to reproduce Baalat (בַּעֲלַת). Blaute is but Aphrodite-Pandemos, Lady, Baalat of the People.

[256] Luke ii. 24.

[257] Mr E. Babelon, _Monnaies des Phéniciens_, CXXV.

[258] Ael. _Nat. Anim._ IV. 2; see M. Victor Bérard, _Cultes Arcadiens_, p. 106.

[259] For what can here be deduced from the text apart from new archaeological material, see Dr Verrall, _Class. Rev._ 1900, p. 277.

[260] Paus. I. 14. 1 πλησίον δέ ἐστι κρήνη, καλοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Ἐννεάκρουνον, οὕτω κοσμηθεῖσαν ὑπὸ Πεισιστράτου. Between the statues of Harmodios and Aristogeiton (I. 8. 5) and the Odeion (I. 8. 6) there is no connecting particle. This often happens in Pausanias when things in immediate juxtaposition are described. Traces of curved foundations of Roman date which may mark the site of the Odeion are shown in Prof. Dörpfeld’s plan (Fig. 46), but as the identification is conjectural I prefer not to use it as an argument.

[261] Paus. I. 14. 1 ναοὶ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν κρήνην ὁ μὲν Δήμητρος πεποίηται καὶ Κόρης.

[262] Plat. _Axioch._ I. § 364 Ἐξιόντι μοι ἐς Κυνόσαργες καὶ γενομένῳ [μοι] κατὰ τὸν Ἰλισσὸν διῆξε φωνὴ βοῶντός του, Σώκρατες, Σώκρατες. ὡς δὲ ἐπιστραφεὶς περιεσκόπουν ὁπόθεν εἴη Κλεινίαν ὁρῶ τὸν Ἀξιόχου θέοντα ἐπὶ Καλλιρρόην.

[263] Herod. VI. 137 αὐτοὶ Ἀθηναῖοι λέγουσι ... φοιτᾶν γὰρ ἀεὶ τὰς σφετέρας θυγάτερας ἐπ’ ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐννεάκρουνον.

[264] Paus. I. 14. 1 φρέατα μὲν γὰρ καὶ διὰ πάσης τῆς πόλεώς ἐστι, πηγὴ δὲ αὔτη μόνη.

[265] For what follows I am entirely indebted to Herr Gräber’s final investigations, completing those of Prof. Dörpfeld. See ‘Enneakrounos,’ _A. Mitt._ 1905, p. 58.

[266] Fully discussed by Herr Gräber, _op. cit._

[267] Herod. III. 60.

[268] For a full account of the Samos aqueduct, see Dr Fabricius, _A. Mitt._ IX. 1884, p. 175.

[269] Examined and discussed by Dr E. Ziller, _A. Mitt._ II. p. 112, and see Herr Gräber, ‘Die Enneakrounos,’ _A. Mitt._ 1905, p. 58.

[270] The account is taken entirely from the official reports by Prof. Dörpfeld after examination of the site under his guidance. See Bibliography, _Enneakrounos_, and for the more recent supplementary investigations of Herr Gräber ‘Enneakrounos,’ _A. Mitt._ 1905, XXX. p. 1.

[271] _A. Mitt._ XVIII. 1893, p. 223.

[272] By Herr Gräber, _op. cit._ p. 26.

[273] Paus. I. 40. 1 οὗτος ὁ Θεαγένης τυραννήσας ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν κρήνην μεγέθους ἕνεκα καὶ κόσμου καὶ ἐς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν κιόνων θέας ἀξίαν· καὶ ὕδωρ ἐς αὐτὴν ῥεῖ καλούμενον Σιθνίδων νυμφῶν.

[274] Delbrück and Vollmöller, ‘Das Brunnenhaus des Theagenes,’ _A. Mitt._ 1900, XXV. p. 23, pl. vii. and viii.

[275] ap. Athen. XI. § 465 ὅθεν καὶ Λιμναῖον κληθῆναι τὸν Διόνυσον, ὅτι μιχθὲν τὸ γλεῦκος τῷ ὕδατι τότε πρῶτον ἐπόθη κεκραμένον. Διόπερ ὀνομασθῆναι τὰς πηγὰς Νύμφας καὶ τιθήνας τοῦ Διονύσου ὅτι τὸν οἶνον αὐξάνει τὸ ὕδωρ κιρνάμενον.

[276] Brit. Mus. Cat. B. 329, _Antike Denkmäler_ II. Taf. 19. On another vase in the British Museum (Cat. B 331) is inscribed Kalire Krene, Spring Fair-Fount, and on it also occurs the name _Hippokrates_, which _may_ be intended for the brother of Kleisthenes; see _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, Fig. 20.

[277] Mr F. M. Cornford draws my attention to the striking resemblance between the plan of the Kallirrhoë cavern (Figs. 36 and 43) and the curious arrangement of the ‘cavernous underground chamber’ which in Plato (_Rep._ VII. 514) symbolizes the prison-house of earthly existence. This chamber was entered by a long and steep descent from the outer air and had at the opposite end a low parapet, answering to the well-parapet in Kallirrhoë. Even the image in the niche has its Platonic counterpart in the shadows cast by the fire-light upon the inmost wall from the images carried along the parapet. One can imagine that Plato himself had often visited the well, had seen his own shadow thrown across the parapet by the torch of his guide standing at the foot of the entrance-stair, and heard the echo of his own voice as though it were proceeding from the shadow (Plat. _Rep._ 515 B).

[278] Omont, _Athènes au XVII. siècle_, Pl. XXXIX.

[279] See Prof. Dörpfeld, _A. Mitt._ XX. p. 510, 1895.

[280] Prof. Dörpfeld writes to me—‘Unhappily this is no longer true; the inscribed stones have been stolen.’

[281] Wordsworth, _Greece pictorial, descriptive and historical_, p. 133, 1839.

[282] _C.I.A._ II. 11 and IV. 211 _b_.

[283] _C.I.A._ II. 14. See Foucart, _Bull. de Corr. Hell._ p. 166, 1888.

[284] Ar. _Eq._ 1092

καὶ μοὐδόκει ἡ θεὸς αὐτὴ
ἐκ πόλεως ἐλθεῖν καὶ γλαῦξ αὐτῇ ’πικαθῆσθαι.

[285] Ar. _Lys._ 175.

[286] _Speeches of Isaeus_, p. 476, where the use of _polis_ for _acropolis_ is fully discussed.

[287] See Bibliography.

[288] The map in Fig. 46 is reproduced by Prof. Dörpfeld’s kind permission from his official plan published in the _Antike Denkmäler_ (II. 37). To discuss the later Greek, Hellenistic and Roman agoras is no part of the object of the present book, but it was thought well to reproduce the plan as showing how the agora spread gradually to the North and also as elucidating the complex of roads that meet at the Enneakrounos.

[289] For the details of this and the other buildings both of the Hellenistic and Roman agoras, see my _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, pp. 17-22, 199, 183-203.

[290] _A. Mitt._ 1896, XXI. p. 108.

[291] After the restoration of W. Judeich, _Jahrbuch f. Phil._ CXLI. p. 746. The plan is only given here to illustrate bygone conceptions. I am rejoiced to see that Dr Judeich in his recent _Topographie von Athen_, 1905, accepts the main outlines of Prof. Dörpfeld’s topography. See his Plan I.

[292] For a full statement of this view see Dr Frazer, _Pausanias_, Vol. V. p. 484, and Prof. Ernest Gardner, _Ancient Athens_, p. 141. I regret to see that Prof. Ernest Gardner translates καὶ τὸ _ὑπ’ αὐτὴν_ πρὸς νότον μάλιστα τετραμμένον ‘and the district _outside it_ to the Southward.’

[293] Paus. I. 18. 6 and 7, and I. 19. 1.

[294] Paus. I. 19. 1. For a full account of this Olympieion and Pythion which, save for the mistaken identification, do not concern us here, see my _Myth. and Mon. of Anc. Athens_, p. 184.

[295] Plut. _de Exil._ VI. ἆρα οὖν ξένοι καὶ ἀπόλιδες εἰσὶν Ἀθηναίων οἱ μεταστάντες ἐκ Μελίτης εἰς Διωμίδα ὅπου καὶ μῆνα Μεταγειτνιῶνα καὶ θυσίαν ἐπώνυμον ἄγουσι τοῦ μετοικισμοῦ τὰ Μεταγείτνια, τὴν πρὸς ἑτέρους γειτνιάσιν εὐκόλως καὶ ἱλαρῶς ἐκδεχόμενοι καὶ στέργοντες; οὐκ ἂν εἴποις. Attention was first drawn to the importance of this passage by Prof. Dörpfeld.

[296] Plut. _Vit. Them._ 22 πλήσιον δὲ τῆς οἰκίας κατεσκεύασεν ἐν Μελίτῃ τὸ ἱερόν οὗ νῦν τὰ σώματα τῶν θανατουμένων....

[297] Plat. _Parmenid._ 126 C.

[298] Dem. LIV. 7 ... παρῆλθε πρὸς Μελίτην ἄνω.

[299] Ar. _Av._ 999

ἐγὼ Μέτων,
ὃν οἶδεν Ἕλλας χὠ Κολωνός,

Schol. ... ἐπὶ Ἀψεύδους δὲ τοῦ Πυθοδώρου ἡλιοτρόπιον ἐν τῇ νῦν οὔσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρὸς τῷ τείχει τῷ ἐν τῇ πνύκι. μήποτε οὖν τὸ χώριον φασί τινες ἐκεῖνο ἅπαν ᾧ περιλαμβάνεται καὶ ἡ Πνύξ, Κολωνός ἐστιν ὁ ἕτερος, ὁ μίσθιος λεγόμενος· οὕτως μέρος τι νῦν σύνηθες γέγονε τὶ Κολωνὸν καλεῖν τὸ ὄπισθεν τῆς μακρᾶς στοᾶς· ἀλλ’ οὔκ ἐστι. Μελίτη γὰρ ἅπαν ἐκεῖνο ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὁρισμοῖς γέγραπται τῆς πόλεως.

The MSS. have ἐκεῖνο ἐπάνω, Forchammer ἐπάνω ᾧ, Wachsmuth ἅπαν ᾧ, Dobree πᾶν ᾧ. I follow Wachsmuth.

[300] Diomeia is marked on my map (Fig. 49) to the South-East of the Olympieion. My map was drawn before the appearance of Dr Judeich’s _Topographie von Athen_; I am glad to see that he (_Topographie_, pp. 155, 158) accepts the position assigned by Professor Dörpfeld to Diomeia. The British School of Archaeology claims to have found the gymnasium of Kynosarges (_Annual of the British School_, 1896-7, p. 89), but as the plans are not yet published I prefer to base my argument on literary evidence.

[301] Herod. VI. 116.

[302] Paus. I. 19. 3. Those who following Curtius (_Stadtgeschichte von Athen_, pl. IV.) place Diomeia and Kynosarges North-West on the slopes of Lykabettos have to make Pausanias retrace his steps to visit the stadium.

[303] Schol. _ad_ Ar. _Ran._ 501 ... οὑκ Μελίτης μαστιγίας, σύνηθές τε οὐχ οὕτω λέγειν ἐπὶ θεῶν, οὑκ Μελίτης ἀλλ’ ὁ ἐν Μελίτῃ, ὡς καὶ Ζεὺς ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ· ἐπὶ δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἐκ Μελίτης.... My attention was drawn to the scholiast’s remark in relation to the ‘flitting’ by Mr Gilbert Murray.

[304] Ar. _Ran._ 650

ἀλλ’ ἐφρόντισα
ὁπόθ’ Ἡράκλεια τἀν Διομείοις γίγνεται.

[305] Ar. _Ran._ 501 Schol. ... ἐν γὰρ Μελίτῃ δήμῳ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἐμυήθη Ἡρακλῆς τὰ μικρὰ μυστήρια.

[306] Plut. _Demetr._ 26. Kleidemos, ap. Bekk. _Anec._ p. 326 Ἄγραι χωρίον ἔξω τῆς πόλεως Ἀθηνῶν, οὗ τὰ μικρὰ τῆς Δήμητρος ἄγεται μυστήρια.

[307] Steph. Byz. Ἄγρα καὶ Ἄγραι χωρίον ... ἐν ᾧ τὰ μικρὰ μυστήρια ἐπιτελεῖται μίμημα τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον, ἐν ᾧ λέγουσι καὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα μεμυῆσθαι (codd. μεμνῆσθαι).

[308] Paus. I. 14. 2.

[309] Kleidemos, _loc. cit._ παρ’ Ἰλισσοῦ μυστικαῖς ὄχθαις.

[310] Eustath. 361. 38 ἀπὸ χώρας πρὸς τῷ Ἰλισσῷ ᾧ κλῆσις Ἄγραι καὶ Ἄγρα, οὗ τὰ μικρὰ τῆς Δήμητρος ἤγετό φησι μυστήρια ἃ ἐλέγετο τὰ ἐν Ἄγραις. Professor Tucker is I believe right in his conjecture (_Class. Rev._ 1904, p. 416) that the Mysteries in the _Frogs_ are these Lesser Mysteries and this, as I have pointed out in connection with his discussion (_op. cit._, p. 418), adds fresh significance to the figure of Herakles.

[311] Plat. _Lys._ 205 C Ἡρακλέους ξενισμόν.

[312] Xen. _Hell._ VI. 3. 6.

[313] Plut. _Vit. Thes._ 33.

[314] See my _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 155, Fig. 33.

[315] Apollod. ap. Zenob. _Cant._ V. 22 μήλου (l. μήλων) Ἡρακλῆς. Ἀπολλόδωρος ἐν τοῖς περὶ θεῶν ὅτι θύεται Ἀθήνησι Ἡρακλεῖ ἀλεξικάκῳ ἰδιάζουσά τις θυσιά. Pollux (_Onom._ I. 30) gives the aetiological myth and adds the important detail that the same cultus title _Melon_ and the same ritual was in use in Boeotia. καὶ καλεῖται παρὰ τοῖς Θηβαίοις ἢ τοῖς Βοιωτοῖς Μήλων ὁ Ἡρακλῆς, ὄνομα ἐκ τοῦ τρόπου τῆς θυσίας λαβών. Melos and Belos appear to be interchangeable forms (Steph. Byz. Βῆλος, ἢ καὶ Μῆλος πρὸς ταῖς Ἡρακλέους στήλαις), and of the island Melos we know from the same writer (_s.v._ Μῆλος) that its earlier colonists were Phenicians, Φοίνικες οὖν οἰκισταὶ πρότερον. Cf. Herakles at Gades, Appian (ed. Bekk. p. 49) says Θρησκεύεται νῦν ἔτι φοινικικῶς.

[316] The Oriental character of the Herakles cult at Melite was first, I believe, pointed out by Curtius, and further emphasized by Wachsmuth, _Stadt Athen_, p. 404 ff. It has never, I believe, been discussed in relation to the shift of population from Melite to Diomeia.

[317] See Lewy, _Die Semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen_, p. 209, the root mālaṭ מלט to save, מְלִיטָה.

[318] Diod. V. 12 καὶ πρώτη μέν ἐστιν ἡ προσαγορευομένη Μελίτη ... ἐστὶ δὲ ἡ νῆσος αὕτη Φοινίκων ἄποικος οἳ ταῖς ἐμπορίαις διατείνοντες μέχρι τοῦ κατὰ τὴν δύσιν Ὠκεανοῦ καταφυγὴν εἶχον ταύτην, εὐλίμενον οὖσαν καὶ κειμένην πελαγίαν.

[319] Strab. X. 472 ... ἀπελθεῖν τούτους (τοὺς Κορύβαντας) εἰς Σαμοθράκην καλουμένην πρότερον Μελίτην.

[320] Diod. V. 47 ἔνιοι δέ φασι τὸ παλαιὸν Σαόννησον καλουμένην ... ἐσχήκασι δὲ παλαιὰν ἰδίαν διάλεκτον οἱ αὐτόχθονες ἧς πολλὰ ἐν ταῖς θυσίαις μέχρι τοῦ νῦν τηρεῖται ... ὅρους θέσθαι τῆς σωτηρίας.

[321] Hesych. _s.v._ ἐκ Μελίτης μαστιγίας, καλεῖται δὲ ὁ ἐν Μελίτῃ Ἡρακλῆς ἀλεξίκακος. The Greek was doubtless, as Lewy points out, simply the translation of some such Semitic divine title as מְמַלֵּט מֵרָעָה mᵉmallēṭ mērāʿā, Preserver-from-Evil.

[322] Diod. IV. 39. Diodorus goes on to describe the strange primitive ceremony of adoption by which Hera naturalized Herakles among the Olympians; see my _Proleg._, p. 347.

[323] Strabo X. 471.

[324] Plut. _Vit. Them._ 1.

[325] The cult of Herakles in Diomeia contains other elements obviously Semitic, the discussion of which would lead us far. The details are given in my _Myth. and Mon. Ancient Athens_, p. 216, but the Semitic character of the ‘white dog’ legend I did not then realize. Prof. Robertson Smith long ago (_Religion of the Semites_, p. 274, note 2), pointed out that the supposed ‘white dog’ is really the ‘dogs’ enclosure’ and that the sacred dogs are a class of Semitic temple-ministrants (see Deut. xxiii. 18, and _C.I.S._ No. 86). To the whole question of the Semitic elements in the worship of Herakles I hope to return on another occasion.

[326] Plut. _Vit. Them._ 22 ... ἣν Ἀριστοβούλην μὲν προσηγόρευσεν.

[327] Porphyr. _de Abst._ II. 54 ἐθύετο γὰρ καὶ ἐν Ῥόδῳ μηνὶ Μεταγειτνιῶνι ἑκτῇ ἱσταμένου ἄνθρωπος τῷ Κρόνῳ ὃ δὴ ἐπὶ πολὺ κρατῆσαν ἔθος μετεβλήθη· ἕνα γὰρ τῶν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ δημοσίᾳ κατακριθέντων μέχρι μὲν τῶν Κρονίων συνεῖχον, ἐνστάσης δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς προαγαγόντες τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἔξω πυλῶν ἄντικρυ τοῦ Ἀριστοβούλης ἕδους οἴνου ποτίσαντες ἔσφαττον. In this connection it is strange that the tradition of human sacrifice before the battle of Salamis, possibly apocryphal, attaches itself to Themistocles; see my _Prolegomena_, p. 489.

[328] Plut. _Vit. Them._ 1.

[329] Aug. Mommsen, _Feste der Stadt Athen_, p. 160. Probably Mommsen is right in his conjecture that the sacrifice of the Metageitnia mentioned by Plutarch was an actual part or at least preliminary to the _Herakleia_.

[330] I selected the worship of Herakles for discussion because we have definite evidence that Herakles is connected with Diomeia as well as Melite. An equally striking case of the shift of a foreign cult from Melite to the district of the Ilissos is that of Aphrodite Ourania. Pausanias (I. 14. 7) saw the sanctuary in Melite, noted its oriental origin and the current story that Porphyrion founded a sanctuary of Aphrodite in the deme Athimoneus, _i.e._ on the way from Marathon. When he came to the Ilissos to the district of the Gardens (I. 19. 2) he sees the sanctuary of Aphrodite Ourania, her image as a _herm_ and the inscription says she is eldest of the Fates. He notes that there is ‘no local legend.’ How should there be if the cult was transplanted? From this sanctuary he passes on next to Kynosarges.

[331] Paus. I. 19. 5.

[332] Plat. _Phaedr._ 229 A.

[333] See _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, p. 226 and Fig. 17. Since I wrote that account excavations have been undertaken by the Greek Archaeological Society on the supposed site of the Enneakrounos on the Ilissus; traces of channels for the conducting of water have been found, but the water so conducted is not drinkable. For report see Πρακτικὰ τῆς Ἀρχ. Ἑταιρίας, 1893, pp. 111-136.

[334] _Etym. Mag._ Ἐννεάκρουνος· κρήνη Ἀθήνησι παρὰ τὸν Ἴλισσον, ἡ πρότερον Καλλιρόη ἔσκεν ἀφ’ ἧς τὰ λουτρὰ ταῖς γαμουμέναις μετίασι. Πολύζηλος Δημοτυνδαρέῳ

‘ἴξει πρὸς Ἐννεάκρουνον, εὔυδρον τόπον.’

See Koch, _Frag. Com._ vol. I. pp. 790-2. Polyzelos is of course not responsible for the statement about the Ilissos.

[335] Hesych. _s.v._ Ἐννεάκρουνος takes his account and acknowledges it ὥς φησι καὶ Θουκυδίδης.

[336] Suidas, _s.v._ νυμφικὰ λουτρά—τὰ εἰς γάμους ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἀπὸ κρήνης λαμβανόμενα.

[337] Hierocles, _Hippiatr. praef._ sub fin. Ταραντῖνος δὲ ἱστορεῖ τὸν τοῦ Διὸς νεὼν κατασκευάζοντας Ἀθηναίους Ἐννεακρούνου πλησίον εἰσελαθῆναι ψηφίσασθαι τὰ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς εἰς τὸ ἄστυ ζεύγη ἅπαντα· φόβῳ δὲ τοῦ ψηφίσματός τινα τῶν γεωργῶν ἡμίονον ἀγαγεῖν γέραιον ἄγοντα ἔτος ὀγδοηκοστὸν, τὸν δὲ δῆμον τιμῇ τοῦ γήρως προηγητόρα τῶν ζεύγων εἰς τὴν κατασκευὴν αὐτὸν τοῦ νεὼ καταστῆσαι προβαδίζειν τε ἄζευκτον καὶ ἄπληκτον ψηφίσασθαι μηδένα δὲ τῶν πυροπώλων ἢ κριθοπώλων ἀπελαύνειν αὐτὸν τῆς ἑστίας ἢ ἀπείργειν τῆς βρώσεως. It will be seen that I have construed πλησίον with κατασκευάζοντας, that being the usual rendering. Dyer has however pointed out (_Journal of Philology_, III. 1871, p. 90) that it might be taken with εἰσελαθῆναι.

[338] Plut. _Cat._ V. ὁ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων δῆμος οἰκοδομῶν τὸν Ἑκατόμπεδον, and _De sollert. an._ XIII. τὸν γὰρ ἑκατόμπεδον νεὼν Περικλέους ἐν ἀκροπόλει.

[339] Ael. _Hist. An._ VI. 49 Ἡνίκα γοῦν Ἀθηναῖοι κατεσκεύαζον τὸν Παρθενῶνα.

[340] Aristot. _Hist. An._ VI. 24 ἤδη γάρ τις βεβίωκεν ἔτη καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα οἷον Ἀθήνησιν ὅτε τὸν νεὼν ᾠκοδόμουν· ὃς καὶ ἀφειμένος ἤδη διὰ τὸ γῆρας, συναμπρεύων καὶ παραπορευόμενος παρώξυνε πρὸς τὸ ἔργον ὡς ἐψηφίσαντο μὴ ἀπελαύνειν αὐτὸν τοὺς σιτοπώλους ἀπὸ τῶν τηλιῶν. Aristotle is obviously the ultimate source of the statement of Tarantinos.

[341] Professor Ernest Gardner in his _Ancient Athens_, p. 20, quotes the passage of Tarantinos as part of the ‘overwhelming evidence that Kallirrhoë lay in the bed of Ilissus.’ No one, so far as I know, has ever doubted that there was a Kallirrhoë in the bed of the Ilissus, the point is whether the particular Kallirrhoë which was transformed into Enneakrounos lay there. Attention was I believe first drawn by Prof. Dörpfeld to the various temple buildings with which the mule-story is connected. I owe the references to Dr Bodensteiner’s ‘Enneakrounos und Lenaion,’ _Blätter f. das Gym. Schulwesen_, 1895, p. 31.

[342] It is almost incredible that the fact that Alciphron in one epistle (III. 49. 1) mentions Enneakrounos—as a source of ordinary drinking water—and in another (III. 51. 1) speaks of Kallirrhoë—as an object of sentiment—has been urged as an argument for an Enneakrounos on the Ilissos. He is obviously speaking of two different springs. Pliny (_N. H._ IV. 7. 11) enumerating the Attic fountains says ‘Cephisia Larine Calliroe, Enneacrunos,’ and some editors assume that Pliny wrote Calliroe Enneacrunos by apposition. Surely, as Dyer observes (_Journ. Phil._ III. p. 87), since Pliny was reckoning up the actual number of fountains, he would have given his readers notice that these were only two different names for the same object, and have inserted _seu_ or some such word between them.

[343] Paus. I. 8. 5 οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἑστᾶσιν Ἁρμόδιος καὶ Ἀριστογείτων. I. 14. 1 ἐς δὲ τὸ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἐσελθοῦσιν Ὠδεῖον ... πλήσιον δέ ἐστι κρήνη, καλοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Ἐννεάκρουνον ... ναοὶ δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν κρήνην ἔτι δὲ ἀπωτέρω ναὸς Εὐκλείας.

[344] For further evidence on these sanctuaries, see my _Myth. and Mon. Anc. Athens_, pp. 89-111.

[345] For the Eleusinion and Thesmophorion, see Dörpfeld, _A. Mitt._ XXII. 1897, p. 477, and 1896, p. 106.

CRITICAL NOTE

On Thucydides II. 15 §§ 3-6. For text see p. 7.

It seems to me that there is probably no corruption at all in this passage and that we may follow the MSS. throughout. (The MSS. are Hude’s A B C E F G M.)

l. 1. πρὸ τούτου: πρὸ τοῦ C G. No improvement, being a little less definite than πρὸ τούτου; but on technical grounds quite likely to be right.

ἡ ἀκρόπολις ἡ νῦν οὖσα πόλις ἦν: Hude transposes ἡ, so as to read ἡ ἀκρόπολις νῦν οὖσα ἡ πόλις ἦν. Perhaps slightly easier. Stuart Jones keeps the MS. reading.

l. 2. καὶ ἄλλων θεῶν ἐστι: Classen marked a lacuna here, and most editors follow him. The meaning of ἄλλων is undoubtedly ‘other than Athena,’ to whom in Thucydides’ time the Acropolis belonged. The question is whether in order to make ἄλλων clear, Thucydides must have mentioned Athena in this clause; or whether from (1) the mention of τῇ θεῷ in the last sentence, and (2) the obvious and close connexion between Athena and the Acropolis of Athens, the reference to her could be ‘understood.’

On purely critical grounds this is hard to decide, as it depends on various unsolved problems about the condition of our Thucydides MSS., and the degree of divergence from smooth writing of which Thucydides was capable. But, if we do suppose that a line has fallen out, I do not think the argument quite suits with corrections like Classen’s ἄλλων θεῶν ἐστι <καὶ τὰ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς>, or Wilamowitz’s ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἀκροπόλει <καὶ ὑπ’ αὐτῇ τῆς τ’ Ἀθηναίας> καὶ ἄλλων θεῶν. Everyone knew that Athena lived on the Acropolis. You would need <οὐ μόνον τῆς Ἀθηναίας ἀλλὰ> καὶ. And this sense, after all, is just what we have from the text as it stands.

l. 4. τὸ ἐν Λίμναις Διονύσου: τὸ <τοῦ> Cobet: on purely linguistic grounds, of which it is hard to estimate the cogency. The same remark applies to the proposed omissions of either τῇ δωδεκάτῃ or of ἐν μηνὶ Ἀνθεστηριῶνι in the next sentence.

l. 7. σκευασάντων: κελευσάντων two MSS. (C G), clearly wrong.

l. 8. ἐκείνῃ MSS.: ἐκεῖνοι (_i.e._ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι) Bekker. This makes the construction easier, and is palaeographically very probable.

τὰ πλείστου ἄξια: τὰ πλεῖστα ἄξια two MSS. (A B): a mere slip.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

THUCYDIDES, II. 15, discussion of.

N. Wecklein, _Sitzungsber. der Bayer. Akad._, 97, 1887.

P. Stahl, “Thukydides über das alte Athen vor Theseus.” _Rhein.
Mus. für Philol._, L. p. 566, 1895.

W. Dörpfeld, “Das alte Athen vor Theseus.” _Rhein. Mus. für
Philol._, LI. p. 127, 1896.

C. Wachsmuth, “Neue Beiträge zur Topographie von Athen. Das
Thukydideische Ur-Athen.” _Abhandl. der K. Sächs. Ges. der
Wiss._, XLI. 1899.

A. W. Verrall, “Thucydides II. 15 and Recent Explorations.”
_Classical Review_, XIV. p. 274, 1900.

L. R. Farnell, “Questions concerning Attic Topography and
Religion.” _Classical Review_, p. 369, 1900.

M. Carroll, “Thucydides, Pausanias and the Dionysium in
Limnis.” _Classical Review_, XIX. p. 325, 1905.

PAUSANIAS, Commentaries on.

T. H. Dyer, _Ancient Athens, its History, Topography and
Remains_, ch. vi. p. 180 sqq., 1873.

Harrison and Verrall, _Mythology and Monuments of Ancient
Athens_, p. 90, 1890.

O. Fallis, _Pausanias auf der Agora von Athen_. Munich, 1895.

Hitzig und Blümner, _Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio_, 1896.

J. G. Frazer, _Pausanias’ Description of Greece_, 1898.

Official Reports of Excavations by the German Archaeological Institute at Athens published in—

(1) _Mittheilungen des K. Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts in Athen._

(_a_) Die Ausgrabungen am Westabhange der Acropolis.

I. W. Dörpfeld, “Allgemeine Uebersicht,” XIX. p. 496, Pl. XIV.,
1894.

II. W. Dörpfeld, “Das Lenaion oder Dionysion in den Limnai,”
XX. p. 161, Pl. IV., 1895.

III. H. Schrader, “Funde im Gebiete des Dionysion,” XXI. p.
265, Pl. VIII.-X., 1896.

IV. O. Körte, “Das Heiligtum des Amynos,” XXI. p. 287, Pl. XI.,
1896; and see Körte, “Bezirk eines Heilgottes,” XVIII. p. 231,
Pl. XI., 1893.

V. C. Watzinger, “Einzelfunde,” XXVI. p. 305, 1901.

(_b_) Die Ausgrabungen an der Enneakrounos.

I. W. Dörpfeld, XVII. p. 439, 1892.

II. W. Dörpfeld, XIX. p. 143, 1894;

and see Dörpfeld, “Die verschiedenen Odeien in Athen,” XVII. p.
252, 1892.

S. Wide, “Inschrift der Iobakchen,” XIX. p. 248, 1894.

H. v. Prott, “Enneakrunos, Lenaion, u. Διονύσιον ἐν Λίμναις,”
XXIII. p. 205, 1898; and see Prott, Nachtrag dazu, XXIII. p.
367, 1898.

C. Watzinger, “Mimologen. Terracotta vom Westabhange,” XXVI. p.
1, Pl. I., 1901.

C. Watzinger, “Vasenfunde aus Athen,” XXVI. p. 50, Pl. II.-IV.,
1901.

Fr. Gräber, “Die Enneakrunos,” XXX. p. 58, 1905.

E. Ziller, “Wasserleitungen von Athen,” II. 1877.

Fabricius, “Polykrates at Samos,” IX. p. 165, 1884.

Delbrück u. K. G. Vollmöller, “Das Brunnenhaus des Theagenes,”
XXV. p. 23, Pl. VII., VIII., 1900.

_Funde._

1. “Aphrodite Pandemos,” XIV. p. 121, 1889; and see G. Kawerau
u. F. Weibach, “Die Pandemosweihung auf der Akropolis,” XXX. p.
298, 1905.

2. Discoveries, various, XV. p. 343, 444, 1890; XVI. pp. 140,
252, 361, 443, 1891; XVII. pp. 90, 281, 449, 1892.

3. “Stoa Basileios,” XXI. pp. 103, 458, 1896; XXII. pp. 225,
476, 1897.

_Sitzungsprotokolle._

W. Dörpfeld, “Alopeke,” XX. p. 507, 1895.

P. Wolters, “Δεξίων,” XX. p. 508, 1895.

W. Dörpfeld, “Enneakrunos im Siebzehnten Jahrhundert” (Guillet
et Coronelli), XX. p. 510, 1895.

W. Dörpfeld, “Aphrodite Pandemos,” XX. p. 511, 1895.

(2) _Antike Denkmäler d. K. Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Berlin._ (Official plans of Excavations with Text.) Ausgrabungen in Athen, 1899-1901, II., Pl. 37, 38.

(3) _Jahrbuch d. K. D. Arch. Inst._

W. Dörpfeld, “Anzeiger,” XI. p. 19, 1896.

C. Belger, “Anzeiger,” XI. p. 40, 1896.

Topography of Athens:

General.

M. Leake, _Topography of Athens_, 1821.

M. Leake, _Topography of Athens and the Demi_, 1841.

P. Forchhammer, “Topographie von Athen” (_Kieler Philol.
Studien_). Kiel, 1841.

E. Curtius, “Attische Studien” (_Abhandl. d. Göttinger Ges. d.
Wiss._ XI. XII.) Göttingen, I. 1862; II. 1865.

E. Curtius, _Erläuternder Text der Sieben Karten zur
Topographie von Athen_. Berlin, 1868.

H. G. Lolling, _K. Baedekers Griechenland_, pp. 34-83, 1883.

H. G. Lolling, “Anhang zur Hellenischen Landeskunde und
Topographie” (I. Müller’s _Handb. d. C. A. W._), III. 290.

A. Milchhöfer, “Athen” (Baumeister, _Denkmäler des class.
Alt._, I. p. 144, 1884).

C. Wachsmuth, _Die Stadt Athen im Alterthum_, I. 1874, II. 1890.

C. Wachsmuth, “Neue Beiträge zur Topog. von Athen” (_Abh. d. K.
S. Ges. d. Wiss._, XLI.).

W. Judeich, “Anzeiger von C. Wachsmuth, Stadt Athen,” _Jahrbuch
für Class. Phil._ v. A. Fleckeisen, p. 721, 1890.

Pickard, “Dionysos ἐν Λίμναις.” _Am. J. of Arch._ VIII. p. 56,
1893.

J. Middleton, Plans and drawings of Athenian Buildings, _J.H.S.
Supplement_ III., 1900.

A. Malinin, “Zwei Streitfragen der Topographie v. Athen,” 1901.

O. Jahn and A. Michaelis, _Arx Athenarum a Pausania Descripta_,
1901.

A. Michaelis, _Tabulae Arcem Athenarum illustrantes_, 1901.

E. A. Gardner, _Ancient Athens_, 1902.

H. Lechat, _Au Musée de l’Acropole d’Athènes_, 1902.

H. Lechat, _La Sculpture Attique avant Phidias_, 1904.

C. H. Weller, “The pre-Periclean Propylaea on the Acropolis of
Athens,” _Am. Journ. Arch._, pp. 33-70, Pl. I.-VI., 1904.

Pan’s Cave.

W. Dörpfeld, Report, _Ath. Mitth._ XXI. p. 460, 1897.

P. Kabbadias, Τοπογραφικὰ Ἀθηνῶν, _Ephem. Arch._ XXI. Pl.
I.-IV. pp. 1-32, 1897.

_Bulletin de Corr. Hel._ XX. p. 382.

A. Michaelis, _op. cit._, _Atlas_, Pl. XVII., 1, XVI., 1 _a_.

Pelargikon.

H. Unger, “Enneakrunos und Pelasgikon,” p. 263 (_Sitzungsber.
d. K. Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss. zu München_), 1874.

W. Miller, “A History of the Acropolis of Athens.” _Amer.
Journ. Arch._ VIII. p. 481, 1893.

J. W. White, Περὶ τοῦ Πελαργικοῦ ἐπὶ Περικλέους. Ἐφημερὶς
Ἀρχαιολογική, 1894, p. 2.

G. Nikolaïdes, Περὶ Καλλιρρόης καὶ Ἐννεακρούνου. _Eph. Arch._
1893, p. 176.

W. Dörpfeld, Ἡ Ἐννεάκρουνος καὶ ἡ Καλλιρρόη. _Eph. Arch._ 1894,
p. 1.

Enneakrounos.

A complete list of the scattered and voluminous foreign literature of the “Enneakrounos Episode” is not given here, because full references will be found in three books which must necessarily be in the hands of any one attempting an independent examination of this or any other question relating to the topography of Athens—these are:

1. H. Hitzig and H. Blümner, _Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio_,
Berlin, 1896 (for the Enneakrounos episode, I. part 1, pp.
166-172 and pp. 187-191).

2. C. Wachsmuth, “Athenai,” in Pauly-Wissowa,
_Real-Encyclopädie_. Supplement, Erstes Heft, Stuttgart, 1903.

3. W. Judeich, _Topographie von Athen_, München, 1905, in Iwan
von Müller’s _Handbuch d. kl. Altertumswissenschaft_, Band 3,
Abt. 2, Hälfte 2.

The classical sources for the _Enneakrounos_ and other topographical questions are conveniently collected by Dr Milchhoefer in E. Curtius, _Die Stadtgeschichte von Athen_, Berlin, 1891.

INDEX.

Acharnae, 14

Acropolis, 135

Aeacus, 147

Aegeus, 50

Aegis, 64

_Agalma_, 52

Aglauros, 33, 34, 49, 81, 100

Agora, 133

Agora, Roman, 138

Agrae, 147

Agrippeion, 99

Agrolas, 24

Ammon, 109

Amphiaraos, 103

Amphictyon, 43

Amphion, 23

Amyneion, 100, 120

Amynos, 104

Anagogia, 110

Anakeion, 34, 100

Antenor, 53

Anthesteria, 99, 100

_Anthesterion_, 7, 84

Aphidna, 6, 14, 148

Aphrodisias, 58

Aphrodite, 110

Aphrodite, armed, 54

Aphrodite Ourania, 151

Aphrodite Pandemos, 82, 105

Apollo Patroös, 76

Apollo Pythios, 76

Apostrophia, 109

_Arai_, 105

Areopagos, 34, 88, 105

Aristoboule, 150

Arrephoria, 50

Arrephoroi, 51

Artemis, 52

Artemis Aristoboule, 144, 151

Artemis Brauronia, 51

Artemis, sanctuary of, 150

Ascalon, 109

Asklepieion, 33, 34

Asklepios, 103

ἀστικὰ Διονύσια, 86

Athena, 39, 53, 54

Athena, Libyan, 64

Athena Nikephoros, 54

Athena Polias, 41, 51, 61

Athenaia, 54

Athenaioi, 53

Athimoneus, 151

_Axiochos_, 113

Baalat, 109

Bakcheion, 91

Basileion, 138

Baths, Wedding, 154

Bdelycleon, 44

Blatta, 109

Blaute, 109

“Blue-beard”, 27

Boreas, 152

Boukoleion, 84

Butadae, 62, 63

Butes, 62

Capitol, 59

Chandler inscription, 46, 49

Choes, 99

Chryse, 45

Chytroi, 88, 99, 105

Citadel, 6

Cyprus, 109

Daedalos, 50

Delphinion, 143

Demeter, 45

Demeter Chloe, 82, 106

Deucalion, 77

Dike, 33

Diokles, 46

Diomeia, 144, 151

Dionysos, 99

Dionysos Eleuthereus, 85, 96

_Dionysos-in-the-Marshes_, 7, 83, 100

Dioscuri, 24, 148

Drama, 99

Dwelling-together, 7

Earth, 61

Eileithyia, 45

Elaphebolion, 85

Eleusinion, 157

Eleusis, 6, 14, 45

Enneakrounos, 35

Enneakrounos Episode, 157

Enneapylon, 35

Epheboi, 51

ἐπίβοιον, 51

Erechtheidae, 53

Erechtheion, 13, 39

Erechtheion, older, 56

Erechtheïs, 58

Erechtheus, 6, 14, 56, 60

Erichthonios, 60

Eridanos, 10, 116

Erinyes, 105

_Eris_, 64

Eryx, 110

Eteobutad, 63

Eukleia, 157

Eumolpos, 6

Eupalinos, 119, 120

Euryalos, 25

Eurymedon, 20

Euthydikos, 53

ἐξιτήρια, 51

Fair-fount, 8

Fidius, 59

Flood, 149

Forum, 134

_Frogs_, 100

Fulgur, 59

Gardens, district of, 151

_Ge_, 7

Ge Kourotrophos, 82, 106

_Gerarae_, 91

Ghosts, 99

Giant, 24

_Gigas_, 22

Goddess, the, 7, 37

Habron, 63

Hadrian, 1

Hadrian, wall of, 152

Harma, 69

Harmodios and Aristogeiton, 87, 156

Harmonia, 108

Hecatompedon, 155

Hellenistic agora, 137

Hephaestos, 62

Hera, 63

Heraion, 63

Herakleion, 146, 151

Herakles, 27

Herakles Alexikakos, 148

Herodes Atticus, 35

Herm, 109, 151

Hermes, 33

Herse, 49

Hersephoria, 50

Hesychidae, 34

Hesychos, 34

_Hippokrates_, 127

Hippolytus, 82, 106

Hydra, 147

Hydrophoros, 56

Hymettus, 25

Hypaethral temples, 59

Hypatos, 54

Hyperbios, 24, 25

ἱερόν, 77

Ilissos, 10, 113, 120, 151, 152

_Iobakcheia_, 85

Iobakchoi, 91

Ion, 43, 80

Ionians, 43

Jupiter, 59

Jupiter-Fulgur, 59

Kadmeia, 23

Kallirrhoë, 116, 129, 143, 153

Karia, 125

Karyatid, 52

Karyatid porch, 41

Karyatids, 46

Katagogia, 110

Kataibates, 59

Kekropia, 7, 43

Kekropidae, 43, 53

Kekrops, 5, 6, 34, 42, 43, 54

Kenchreus, 45

Kerameikos, 138

Keres, 99

Kimon, 11, 14, 18, 19, 21, 51

Kleisthenes, 18, 19

Kleomenes, 25

Klepsydra, 81, 114

Koile, 116, 120

Kolonos, 145

Korae, 46

Κόραι, 52

_Korè_, 52

Korybantes, 149

Kourotrophos, 109

Kranai, 43

Kranaus, 43

Kronia, 151

Kronos, 61, 79, 151

Kyklopes, 23, 24

Kylon, 124

Kyloneion, 34, 35

Kynosarges, 113, 145

Kythera, 54, 109

Lemnos, 45

Lenaia, 86

Λήναια, 86

Lenaion, 86, 94, 96, 100

_Lenos_, 93

ληνός, 100

Leokorion, 144

_Lesche_, 93, 132

Lesser Mysteries, 147

Libya, 64, 110

_Liknon_, 51

_Limnae_, 88

Limnaios, 125

Lion-gate, 23

Long Rocks, 81

Lycaon, 54

Lycurgos, 63

Lykabettos, 10, 114

_Lysistrata_, 81

Maiden, 3

“Maidens”, 15, 16, 52

Marathon, 145, 151

Marduk, 58

Mary, Virgin, 110

_Mavromati_, 113

Megacles, 35

Megara, 123

Meilichios, 79

Melek, 79

Melite, 144, 151

Melos, 148

_Metageitnia_, 144, 151

Metageitnion, 151

_Metastasis_, 151

Meton, 145

μίσθιος, 145

Mouseion, 114, 134

Mycenae, 13

Neaera, 84

Nearchos, 53

Nike Apteros, 50

Nine-Gates, 34

Nine-Spouts, 7

νόθος, 150

Odeion, 130, 157

Odysseus Bastion, 49

οἴκημα, 62

Olive-tree, 56

Olympieion, 141, 143

Oreithyia, 152

Orestes, 105

Ourania, 109

Pallas, 63

Pan, 33

Panathenaic Way, 93, 131, 135, 139

Pandemos, 109

Pandion, 62

Pandroseion, 43, 48

Pandrosos, 50

Paphos, 109, 110

_Parian Chronicle_, 43

Parthenion, Mt., 33

Parthenon, 17, 155

Peisistratos, 18, 25, 35, 64, 101

πέλανοι, 104

Pelargikon, 25

Pelasgians, 25, 43, 153

Pelasgikon, 11, 25

Pentelicus, 10

_Perforatum tectum_, 59

Perikles, 41

Persians, 33

Phalerum, 145

Phenicians, 109

Pherecrates, 87

_Phlegyas_, 23

Pithoigia, 99

πίθος, 100

Pnyx, 10, 88, 114, 133, 145

Polemon, 34

Poliouchos, 45

_Polis_, 6, 7, 135

Polycrates, 119, 120

Porphyrion, 151

Poseidon, 42, 43, 54, 55, 61

Poseidon-Erechtheus, 41

Pot-contests, 88, 99

Proetus, 23

Propylaea, 10, 13

_Protagoras_, 87

_Pythion_, 7, 141, 143

Rhodes, 151

Salamis, 110, 151

Samos, 121

Samothrace, 149

_Saonnesos_, 149

Satyrs, 100

“Sea,” the, 56

Semnae Theai, 34, 100, 105

Serpent, 58

Sisypheion, 24

Sisyphos, 24

Sithnidian nymphs, 125

Skandeia, 109

Solomon’s temple, 58

Solon, 16

Sosipolis, 45

_Staphyle_, 23

Stoa of Attalos, 137, 138

Stoa Basileios, 133, 138

Stoa of the Giants, 138

Stork-fort, 25

Synoikia, 37

Synoikismos, 6

Talos, 34, 50

_Tamtu_, 58

Terminus, 59

θακήματα, 81

Theagenes, 124

Themistocles, 13, 15, 18, 150

_Theoinia_, 85

Theseion, 130, 132, 138, 145

Theseus, 5, 6, 60, 147

Thesmophoria, 50

_Thesmophoriazusae_, 83

Thesmophorion, 157

_Thiasos_, 91

Thoricus, 6, 14

Timaretè, 52

Tiryns, 13

“Tokens,” the, 58

Tower of the Winds, 137

Tragedy, 99

Trident-mark, 42, 56

Triton, 27, 47, 147

Tritonis, 64

τύλη, 56

Turkovouni, 10

Tyndaridae, 148

Typhon, 27, 47

Tyrant slayers, 87

Virgo Caelestis, 109

_Wine-press_, 93

Xanthias, 146

Xanthias-Herakles, 146

Xuthus, 43

Zethus, 23, 24

Zeus, 39, 55

Zeus Hypatos, 54

_Zeus Olympios_, 7

CLASSICAL AUTHORS.

PAGE

Ael. _Hist. An._ VI. 49 155

Alciphron _Ep._ III. 49. 1 156

Amelesagoras ap. _Paradoxogr._ XII. 63 48

Anth. Pal. VI. 280 52

Antigonos _Hist. Mirab._ 12 10

Apollod. III. 14. 1 58
III. 14. 2 43, 55
III. 15. 1 62
_frg._ ap. Zenob. _Cent._ V. 22 148

Apollon. Rhod. I. 736 23

Ar. _Av._ 999 145
_Eq._ 144 and 551 61
_Eq._ 551 63
_Eq._ 1092 135
_Lys._ 175 135
_Lys._ 720 82
_Lys._ 911 81
_Plutus_ 62
_Ran. Hyp._ 87
_Ran._ 216 Schol. 95
_Ran._ 218 87
_Ran._ 501 Schol. 146, 147
_Ran._ 650 146
_Thesm._ 300 83

Aristot. _Hist. An._ VI. 24 155

Athen. XI. 464 F 84
XI. 465 125

Augustine, St, _de civitat. Dei_ 18. 9 55

Clem. Al. _Protr._ III. 45. 39 45

[Dem.] _c. Neaer._ 76 85
_c. Neaer._ 873 84

Dem. LIV. 7 144

Diod. IV. 39 149
V. 42 149
V. 47 149

Eur. _Electra_ 1271 105
_Ion_ 21-26 48
_Ion_ 154 28
_Ion_ 492 81

Herod. I. 59 64
II. 50 64
III. 60 119
IV. 188-189 64
V. 64 25
V. 82 61
VI. 41 48
VI. 116 145
VI. 137 25, 113
VII. 41 48
VII. 140 1
VIII. 41 45
VIII. 44 43
VIII. 52 33
VIII. 55 55

Hesiod _frg._ ap. Strab. IX. 9. 393 45

Hierocles _de Hippiatr. praef._ 154

Homer _Iliad_ II. 546 60
_Iliad_ II. 547 44
_Iliad_ II. 765 23
_Od._ VII. 80, 81 60
_Od._ XI. 594 24

Isaeus _Or._ VIII. 35 97

Kallimachos _Hekale_ frg. 44, 95

Klearchos ap. Athen. XIII. 2. 555 55

Lycophron, _Alex._ 431 and Schol. ad loc. 62

Lydus _de mens._ 109

Lucian _Bis Accus._ 9 33
_Piscat._ 42 34
_Piscat._ 46 31

Ovid _Fast._ II. 667 59

Paus. I. 3. 6 44
I. 8. 5 156
I. 8. 6 98
I. 14. 1 112, 114
I. 14. 2 147
I. 14. 7 151
I. 18. 2 49
I. 18. 6, 7 141
I. 19. 1 143
I. 19. 2 151
I. 19. 3 146
I. 19. 5 152
I. 20. 3 83
I. 21. 4 53
I. 22. 3 82, 106
I. 22. 5 50
I. 24. 7 45
I. 26. 5 58
I. 26. 30 58
I. 27. 2 49
I. 28. 3 24
I. 40. 1 124
II. 5. 1 54
II. 16. 5 23
II. 25. 7 23
III. 15. 10 54
III. 21. 10 54
V. 14. 10 59
VI. 20. 2-4 45
VIII. 2. 3 54
VIII. 10. 4 58
IX. 5. 6 23
IX. 16. 3, 108 108

Phanodemus ap. Athen. XI. 465 A 96

Philostratos _Vit. Soph._ II. 5. 4 p. 550 70, 99

Plato _Kritias_ 112 10
_Lysis_ 205 C 148
_Parmenid._ 144
_Phaedr._ 229 A 152
_Protag._ 327 87
_Rep._ VII. 514 129
_Rep._ 515 B 129
_Symp._ 180 D 108

Pliny _Nat. Hist._ IV. 7. 11 156
_Nat. Hist._ VII. 57 24

Plut. _de Exil._ VI. 144
_de Is. et Osir._ XXXII. 27
_de sollert. an._ XIII. 155
_Vit. Cat._ V. 155
_Vit. Demetr._ 26 147
_Vit. Cim._ 13 20
_Vit. Them._ 1 150
_Vit. Them._ 22 144
_Vit. Thes._ 33 148
_Vit. Solon._ 12 35

Ps. Plut. _Vit. X. Orat._ 843 63
_Vit. X. Orat._ 6 98

Polemon ap. Schol. _Oed. Col._ 489 34

Polyzelos _frg._ 154

Porphyr. _de Abst._ II. 54 151

Sophocles _Philoctet._ 1327 45

Strabo VIII. 21. 379 24
IX. 2. 404 69
X. 471 150
X. 472 149

Tarantinos, _see_ Hierocles 154

Theodoretus _Graec. affect. cur._ VIII. 30. 908 45

Thucyd. I. 5. 10 6
I. 126 35
I. 2 63
II. 15 5
II. 17 30

Tzetzes _Chil._ V. 19 44

Varro _Ling. Lat._ V. 66 59

Virgil _Aen._ IX. 448, Servius ad loc. 59

Vitruvius I. 2. 5 59

Xen. _Hell._ VI. 3. 6 148

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.