Chapter XIII: Appendix: Description of the Plan and Section of Fireproof Warehouse

The photo-lithographs of a fireproof warehouse are from drawings by Mr. E. Hoole, architect; and it will be seen that these concise designs embody the principles enunciated in the preceding chapters.

A building for the reception of combustible goods must not only be constructed of materials that will not burn, but must be so built that it will remain uninjured, even if its contents are destroyed by fire. Like a furnace, it must be made to contain a fire; and it is only a building which, under such circumstances, maintains its strength, that is entitled to be termed fireproof.

In the accompanying plan and section, brick is proposed as the material for the construction of the walls and floors. These are so arranged as to divide the building into eighteen separate compartments, each of which is so completely cut off from those which surround it, that a fire originating in any one of them might burn itself out without being able to spread to the next one.

The interior of each compartment is so constructed that it will not be damaged by the combustion of its contents. It is assumed that it will be subjected to intense and continued heat; and the same precautions are taken to secure the stability of the structure and protect it from injury as would be adopted in building a furnace or in setting a boiler. Each compartment is lined with fire-brick, which is here and there attached to the walls to keep it in position, but not sufficiently to communicate the heat it may receive.

Between the fire-brick lining and the building itself an air space is left, which the heat cannot traverse. This lining bears no part of the weight, either of the building or of its contents; and consequently, however hot it may become, it cannot be crushed or distorted, having only its own weight to sustain. This fire-brick lining is set in fire-clay.

Iron columns filled with concrete support the vaulting of the various floors, and are protected by a casing of fire-brick, between which and the column an air space is left. In warehouses in which the brick casing of the columns is likely to be damaged by the shifting of the goods it can itself be protected by a covering of sheet-iron. But this, of course, is no additional safeguard against the action of fire.

The thrust of the vaulting is counteracted by iron tie-bars embedded in the brickwork below the flooring of each compartment; the ends of the bars are well turned up and down in the external walls, besides being connected to the brickwork near the base of each column. It will be seen that all parts of the building which have to sustain any weight are protected from any great change of temperature, and that all iron-work is especially screened from it.

In constructing the staircase the same precautions are adopted. A wall carried up the centre affords a springing for the arches carrying the steps and landings, which are constructed entirely of brick, and may be covered either with tiles, stone, or even wooden treads, if desired. The thrust of the arches carrying the steps is overcome by building in a tie-bar above each arch, which thus protects it from any contact with fire.

In order to prevent the staircase from acting as a flue in case of fire, and causing a draught of air to rush through the parts of the building opening into it, one side of it is left open to the external air, being only enclosed by a light arcade of open arches on each floor. Thus it gains the advantage of

M & N. HANHART, LTIH. E. HOOLE. ARCHT.]

E. HOOLE, ARCHT.]

an outside staircase, all the doors leading to it being treated as external doors. The lift is similarly treated.

Double iron doors, lined or cased with heat-repelling material, separate the various compartments on each floor from the staircase and from each other. These doors are so arranged that they can be closed from the external balconies, and thus any compartment in which a fire occurs can be isolated without the necessity of entering it, or indeed of entering the building.

The windows are closed by external sliding shutters, running upon rails projecting from the outside face of the walls. These shutters are so constructed that they can be opened by the firemen from the outside; and easy access is given to them by the balconies, which are carried round the building at the level of every floor. Iron balconies are shown on the plan and section, since in most cases the heat issuing from the windows will not be sufficient to affect its strength; but where very inflammable goods are to be stored it will be best to corbel out in the brickwork, and to arch from corbel to corbel to form the balconies. Permanent means of access to the exterior of every opening in the walls is a most important provision, allowing any part of the building to be inspected independently, and fire discovered or extinguished, without opening the doors of the adjoining compartments.

The roof is nearly flat, having but fall enough to carry off the water. It may be made water-tight by a layer of asphalte, and then paved with tiles; but a flat roof is not an essential feature of fireproof construction, since, if the ceiling be vaulted in brick, as shown, a roof of any pitch may be constructed above it, framed entirely of iron, and covered with slates tied by copper wire to iron laths, or with metal tiles. It is obvious that nothing combustible must be stored in the space between the roof and the ceiling.

A tank is shown at one angle of the roof, to contain a supply of water in case of fire, and it can be kept full by the ordinary means of supply of the neighbourhood. If a portion of the top storey can be given up for the purpose, the rain-water of the roof can be stored without incurring a water-rate. From the tank, pipes are conducted outside the building and furnished with unions near the windows of each compartment; so that a hose-pipe can be instantly attached by anyone standing in the balcony, and the whole contents of the tank discharged into any of the compartments, without the building being entered.

In the case of a fire occurring in any compartment, two methods of proceeding are available. The compartment can be isolated and completely shut up until the fire either burns itself out or is extinguished for want of air; or the shutters can be opened, and a larger quantity of water can be discharged upon the burning goods, immediately the fire is discovered.

_Patents for Locks and Safes._

The want of a complete list of the patents taken out from time to time for Locks and Safes has induced me to publish the following tables, which have been most carefully compiled from the Patent Office records. It has been impossible to give even a summary of the claims made by each patentee of locks, on account of the space which would be thus occupied; but I have endeavoured to increase the usefulness of the lists by distinguishing between expired and unexpired patents. For the detailed particulars of each I must refer the enquirer to the specifications themselves, which can be purchased at the Patent Office, near Chancery Lane, London. An inspection of these will astonish many persons who may not be prepared to find the same inventions patented several times. But such is the case; and if patents are necessary as a protection to inventors (which I am somewhat inclined to doubt), the system adopted ought certainly to be such as would avoid the heavy fees ever being paid for an invention already secured to another person.

From the list of Patents for Locks I have omitted all such as are merely fastenings for railway-carriage doors, for hand-bags, pocket-books, &c., or for windows. I have also not included the ‘furniture’ of locks, _i.e._ the handles, spindles, &c., but all locks and latches used for doors will be found in the list.

The list of Patents for Safes includes all parts of, or apparatus connected with, Fire and Thief-resisting Safes.

Those marked * had either Provisional Protection only, or (in a few cases) were void for want of filing the complete specification. Those marked + lapsed at the end of three years from the date given in the lists; and those marked ± lapsed at the end of seven years. Those without any mark and not in italics ran their full term and expired at the end of fourteen years.

Only in the instances wherein the patentee’s name is in italics are the patents now (December 1st, 1874) in force.

In the list of Safes, wherever the patents are in some respects similar to previous inventions, a reference to such invention is appended.

_LIST OF PATENTS FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES USED AS FASTENINGS FOR DOORS._

------+----------+--------+---------------------------------------------
Year | Day | No. of | Name
| | Patent |
------+----------+--------+---------------------------------------------
1774 | May 27 | 1071 | Black, George
1778 | Oct. 31 | 1200 | Barron, Robert
1779 | May 28 | 1226 | Henry, Solomon
1780 | March 4 | 1247 | Ampion, John
1782 | Jan. 18 | 1317 | Hutchinson, Samuel
1784 | April 2 | 1430 | Bramah, Joseph
1789 | July 7 | 1692 | Cornthwaite, Thomas
1790 | Feb. 23 | 1730 | Rowntree, Thomas
” | Oct. 29 | 1778 | Bird, Moses
1791 | July 19 | 1819 | Ferryman, Robert
” | Nov. 3 | 1835 | Antes, John
1795 | Aug. 28 | 2062 | Spears, James
1797 | Nov. 18 | 2203 | Langton, Daniel
1798 | May 3 | 2232 | Bramah, Joseph
” | Dec. 8 | 2277 | Turner, Thomas
1799 | April 11 | 2306 | Davis, George
1801 | June 23 | 2521 | Holemberg, Samuel
1805 | May 18 | 2851 | Stansbury, Abraham Ogier
1808 | Dec. 29 | 3188 | Tompson, William
1813 | May 15 | 3695 | Bullock, William, and Boaz, James
1815 | March 7 | 3891 | Mitchell, William, and Lawton, John
1816 | May 14 | 4027 | Ruxton, Thomas
” | ” 27 | 4036 | Kemp, Robert
1817 | Feb. 1 | 4096 | Higginson, George Montague
” | ” 8 | 4101 | Clark, William
1818 | ” 3 | 4219 | Chubb, Jeremiah
” | June 30 | 4275 | Roux, Albert
1819 | Oct. 18 | 4402 | Strutt, Antony Radford
1820 | April 11 | 4443 | Jennings, Henry Constantine
” | Dec. 14 | 4519 | Mallet, William
1823 | July 10 | 4812 | Fairbanks, Stephen
1823 | Nov. 13 | 4862 | Ward, John
1824 | June 15 | 4972 | Chubb, Charles
1825 | May 14 | 5171 | Young, John
1828 | ” 17 | 5656 | Chubb, Charles
1829 | June 1 | 5798 | Gottlieb, Andrew
1830 | Jan. 18 | 5880 | Carpenter, James, and Young, John
1831 | April 14 | 6105 | Rutherford, William
” | May 23 | 6116 | Barnard, George
” | July 27 | 6143 | Young, John
1832 | Dec. 20 | 6350 | Parsons, Thomas
1833 | ” 3 | 6516 | Parsons, Thomas
” | ” 20 | 6527 | Chubb, Charles, and Hunter, Ebenezer
” | ” | 6532 | Pierson, Josiah Gilbert
1834 | Sept. 6 | 6674 | Longfield, William
” | Oct. 11 | 6694 | Audley, Lord Baron
1835 | March 18 | 6792 | Hill, Richard
” | Dec. 16 | 6960 | Warrick, John
1836 | Feb. 10 | 7000 | Fenton, Samuel
1838 | June 30 | 7715 | Uzielli, Matthew
” | Nov. 13 | 7872 | Thompson, Sally
1839 | Feb. 21 | 7972 | Uzielli, Matthew
” | June 12 | 8106 | Sanders, Joseph
” | July 3 | 8140 | Cochrane, Alexander
” | ” 20 | 8163 | Schwieso, John Charles
” | Aug. 1 | 8181 | Williams, William Morrett
” | Dec. 2 | 8293 | Guest, James
1840 | Feb. 27 | 8402 | Williams, William Morrett
” | March 20 | 8440 | Gerish, Francis William
” | May 2 | 8489 | Peirce, William
” | June 13 | 8543 | Wolverson, Joseph, and Rawlett, William
” | Oct. 22 | 8666 | Clark, Thomas
” | Dec. 23 | 8747 | Baillie, Benjamin
1841 | March 29 | 8903 | Tildesley, James, and Sanders, Joseph
” | May 6 | 8953 | Hancock, James
” | July 14 | 9029 | Berry, Miles
” | Sept. 28 | 9104 | Strong, Theodore Frederick
1841 | Nov. 9 | 9144 | Smith, Jesse
1842 | Jan. 15 | 9224 | Poole, Moses
” | May 24 | 9364 | Duce, Joseph
” | June 13 | 9395 | Williams, William Morrett
” | Dec. 29 | 9578 | Rock, Joseph, jun.
1843 | Nov. 25 | 9963 | Tann, Edward, Edward, and John
” | ” | 9965 | Rock, Joseph, jun.
1844 | Jan. 30 | 10032 | Fletcher, William
” | May 14 | 10182 | Pitt, Benjamin
1845 | April 15 | 10611 | Carter, George
1846 | March 25 | 11152 | Cotterill, Edwin
” | July 6 | 11283 | De La Fons, John Palmer
” | ” 15 | 11299 | Thomas, William
” | Dec. 14 | 11491 | Chubb, John
1847 | Jan. 11 | 11523 | Chubb, John, and Hunter, Ebenezer
” | April 16 | 11659 | Collett, Charles Minors
” | Sept. 16 | 11869 | Hancock, William
1848 | ” 28 | 12274 | Newall, Robert Stirling
1849 | May 8 | 12604 | Wilkes, Samuel
1850 | July 22 | 13184 | Bradford, James
1851 | April 15 | 13595 | Newell, Robert
” | Nov. 4 | 13802 | Dismore, George
” | ” 6 | 13806 | Parnell, Michael Leopold
” | ” 13 | 13807 | Sinclair, William
” | ” 22 | 13824 | Restell, Thomas
” | Dec. 8 | 13852 | Restell, Thomas
1852 | Feb. 23 | 13985 | Hobbs, Alfred Charles
” | Oct. 21 | 472 |+Rose, Joseph
” | Nov. 23 | 828 |+Parnell, Michael Leopold
1853 | Jan. 21 | 160 |+Chubb, John, and Goater, John
” | ” 29 | 229 |+Whishaw, Francis
” | Feb. 11 | 367 |+Choppin, William
” | May 3 | 1074 |+Goble, George Frederic
” | ” 23 | 1266 |+Simson, William
” | ” 27 | 1310 |±Bentley, William Henry
” | July 5 | 1600 |+Tripe, Decimus Julius
” | ” 6 | 1617 |+Newton, William Edward
” | Aug. 11 | 1866 |*Rushbury, John
” | ” 18 | 1932 |+Pigé, Alexis
” | Sept. 9 | 2076 |±Parnell, Michael Leopold
” | ” 9 | 2077 |*Martin, James
” | Nov. 7 | 2587 |±Newton, Alfred Vincent
” | ” 21 | 2698 |+Tucker, Walter Henry, and Reeves, Rashleigh
” | Dec. 10 | 2879 |*Du Bost, Hippolyte Laurent
” | ” 22 | 2980 |+Gibbons, James, Jun.
1854 | Feb. 1 | 256 |+Daniel, Alfred
” | ” 20 | 405 | Milner, William
” | March 1 | 505 |+Holland, John Simon
” | ” 2 | 514 |+Tann, John
” | June 12 | 1288 |±Young, John
” | July 1 | 1441 |*Jones, Robert Lewis
” | ” 11 | 1514 |+Wolverson, Edwin
” | Aug. 1 | 1697 |+Holland, John Simon
” | ” 4 | 1709 |±Miles, Louis Player
” | Sept. 2 | 1917 |+Lewis, George
” | ” 25 | 2060 | McConnel, Robert
” | Oct. 3 | 2122 |+Newton, William Edward
” | Dec. 9 | 2592 |*Button, Reuben
” | ” 12 | 2611 |+Larkin, Richard
” | ” 13 | 2616 |+Stansbury, Charles Frederick
” | ” 20 | 2684 | Milner, William
” | ” 23 | 2712 |*Giroux, Barthélemy Martin
1855 | Jan. 29 | 218 |+Imray, John
” | April 25 | 934 |+Bellford, Auguste Edward Loradoux
” | May 1 | 978 |*Wright, Lemuel Wellman
” | ” 11 | 1063 |+Henderson, Constantine
” | ” 21 | 1127 | Tucker, Walter Henry
” | June 9 | 1315 | Nettlefold, J. S., E. J., and J. H.
” | July 18 | 1623 |+Scully, Vincent, and Heywood, Bennett John
” | Aug. 13 | 1837 |+Butler, Thomas
” | ” 15 | 1851 |+Avery, John
” | ” 30 | 1959 |*Stansbury, Charles Frederick
” | Sept. 4 | 2001 |+Mueller, Charles Gustav
” | Nov. 14 | 2572 |+Newton, Alfred Vincent
1856 | Jan. 21 | 156 |*Fenton, Samuel
” | Feb. 5 | 310 |±Parnell, Michael Leopold
” | March 28 | 744 |+Daniel, Alfred
” | April 21 | 950 |*Dortet, Jules
” | ” 24 | 989 | Blacket, Frank William
” | June 18 | 1436 |±Tucker, Walter Henry
” | July 1 | 1544 |*Newton, Alfred Vincent
” | ” 18 | 1690 |+Leuchars, William
” | Aug. 7 | 1860 |*Weber, Lionel
” | Dec. 11 | 2944 |+Miles, William Player
” | ” 26 | 3066 |*Newburgh, Sidney, and Steinhart, Charles
1857 | Jan. 8 | 68 |±Harris, James
” | ” 15 | 120 |+Hobbs, Alfred Charles
” | April 2 | 916 |+Morrison, Duncan, and Lilley, Samuel
” | ” 15 | 1070 | Safran, Jacob
” | May 6 | 1284 |+Newton, William Edward
” | ” 12 | 1331 |*Cotterill, Edwin
” | July 13 | 1942 |*Hinks, Joseph Lester, and Day, John Rock
” | ” 28 | 2059 |+Dortet, Jules, and Dénis, André Barthélemy
” | Dec. 24 | 3160 |+Hart, George William
1858 | Jan. 20 | 94 |+Nixon, Christopher Nugent
” | ” 21 | 110 | Wilson, Peter; Northall, Samuel; and James,
| | | Thomas
” | Feb. 23 | 355 |+White, George Frederick
” | March 31 | 682 |+Duce, Joseph Warner
” | May 24 | 1160 |*Hamilton, George, and Nash, William Henry
” | June 11 | 1332 |+Hart, George William
” | ” 30 | 1470 |*Wheatcroft, William Smith, and Smith, James
| | | Newton
” | July 6 | 1513 |*Davies, John Taylor
” | Sept. 1 | 1989 |+Newton, William Edward
” | Oct. 5 | 2212 | Hamilton, George, and Nash, William Henry
” | ” 11 | 2263 |*Platt, Joseph
” | Nov. 9 | 2506 |*Henry, Michael
” | ” 11 | 2533 |+Newton, Alfred Vincent
1859 | Jan. 17 | 132 |+Brooks, Edward
” | March 16 | 660 |[+]Ash, Isaiah
” | ” 16 | 669 |[*]Hamilton, George, and Nash, William Henry
” | April 27 | 1059 |[*]Hamp, Charles
” | May 7 | 1149 |[±]Henry, Michael
” | ” 17 | 1228 |[+]Law, Charles
” | ” 26 | 1302 |[+]Young, John
” | June 23 | 1513 |[*]Prince, Alexander
” | Aug. 13 | 1869 |[*]Clegg, Robert Dawson, and Saunders, Thomas
” | ” 17 | 1895 |[+]Brooman, Richard Archibald
” | Oct. 14 | 2343 |[±]Price, George
” | Nov. 25 | 2672 |[+]Tildesley, Matthew
1860 | Jan. 2 | 2 |[+]Luis, Jozé
” | ” 6 | 43 |[+]Fowler, John
” | ” 11 | 78 |[+]Newton, Alfred Vincent
” | March 5 | 598 |[+]Price, Cyrus
” | April 24 | 1021 |[*]Brodie, James
” | ” 27 | 1071 |[*]Withers, George
” | May 11 | 1158 |[±]Price, George
” | ” 16 | 1208 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | ” 28 | 1308 | _Chatwood, Samuel_[5]
” | June 2 | 1360 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | ” 15 | 1460 |[*]Mackrow, Isaac
” | ” 19 | 1487 |[*]Brooman, Richard Archibald
” | ” 26 | 1550 |[*]Hudson, Wm. Henry, and Evans, John
” | July 17 | 1731 |[±]Loysel, Edward
” | Aug. 23 | 2032 |[+]Spence, William
” | Sept. 8 | 2172 |[*]Hoare, Deane John
” | ” 15 | 2250 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | ” 16 | 2827 |[*]Morrison, Alfred
” | Dec. 13 | 3071 |[±]Chubb, John, and Hunter, Ebenezer
1861 | Feb. 9 | 324 |[*]Grimshaw, O’Donnell
” | ” 18 | 401 |[+]Price, Cyrus and Elihu
” | April 10 | 882 |[*]Morel, Auguste Victor
” | May 2 | 1098 |[+]Winkler, Michael
” | June 19 | 1577 |[+]Pradel, Peter
” | July 22 | 1835 |[*]Mennons, Marc Antoine François
” | ” 24 | 1850 |[*]Hirschfeld, Ferdinand
” | ” 30 | 1902 | _Hart, John Matthias_
” | Aug. 5 | 1943 |[+]Brooman, Richard Archibald
” | Sept. 5 | 2206 |[±]McConnell, Robert
” | Nov. 20 | 2915 |[±]Croxford, Joseph Cooper
” | Dec. 17 | 3159 |[+]Tucker, Walter Henry
1862 | Jan. 20 | 140 | _Mappin, Walter Sandell_
” | ” 25 | 200 |[+]Lefort, François Joseph Lalmand
” | March 15 | 723 | _Hamilton, George_
” | April 12 | 1057 |[*]Sweet, Andrew
” | ” 19 | 1145 |[+]Loysel, Edward
” | May 5 | 1328 |[±]Allman, Herbert
” | ” 17 | 1504 |[*]Tessier, Charles Hippolyte
” | June 17 | 1791 |[*]Pringle, Archibald
” | Oct. 13 | 2750 |[+]Chatwood, Samuel
” | ” 16 | 2791 |[*]Berry, George
” | ” 16 | 2796 |[*]Harold, Thomas George
” | ” 27 | 2889 |[+]Pilgrim, Thomas
” | Dec. 1 | 3349 |[+]Phelps, William
1863 | Jan. 9 | 73 |[+]Tucker, Walter Henry
” | ” 13 | 109 |[*]Tildesley, Matthew
” | ” 15 | 131 |[+]Barraclough, Thomas Critchley
” | ” 26 | 228 |[*]Smith, Andrew
” | Feb. 7 | 347 | _Parigot, Claude, and Grivel, Antoine_
” | ” 16 | 417 |[+]McEntee, Withers, and Withers
” | March 26 | 790 |[+]Parnell, Michael Leopold
” | April 14 | 934 |[*]Berry, George
” | ” 15 | 951 |[*]Morton, John Sanderson
” | ” 16 | 959 |[+]Oldfield, William
” | July 8 | 1702 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | Nov. 5 | 2742 |[*]Hancock, Henry, and Vickers, William Henry
1864 | Jan. 5 | 28 |[±]Fenby, Joseph Beverley
” | Feb. 13 | 379 |[+]Bedford, Joseph
” | March 12 | 633 |[*]Hancock, Henry, and Vickers, William Henry
” | July 6 | 1679 |[+]Von Rathen, Antony Bernhard
” | Sept. 6 | 2174 |[+]Weaver, Frederick
” | ” 27 | 2367 |[*]Adams, Arthur John
” | Oct. 5 | 2446 |[+]Bonneville, Henri Adrien
” | Nov. 25 | 2954 |[*]Newton, Alfred Vincent
1865 | Jan. 11 | 92 |[*]Heather, John Fry
” | March 1 | 570 |[+]Whitfield, Samuel
” | ” 20 | 778 | _Chatwood, Samuel_
” | April 4 | 944 |[*]Nabbs, Richard
” | ” 7 | 999 |[*]Kimberley, Nathan Gold
” | ” 12 | 1043 | _Walker, John_
” | ” 12 | 1045 | _Hart, John Matthias_
” | ” 29 | 1194 |[*]Tucker, Walter Henry
” | ” 29 | 1201 |[+]Clark, William
” | May 22 | 1402 |[*]Gedge, William Edward
” | ” 22 | 1406 |[*]Hodson William
” | ” 27 | 1462 |[+]Diele, Ludwig
” | ” 30 | 1485 |[*]Grafton, Sidney
” | ” 30 | 1487 |[+]Calvert, John
” | June 9 | 1578 |[±]Meek, G. E., and Howes, W. H.
” | ” 29 | 1735 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | July 6 | 1782 |[+]Carter, George
” | ” 8 | 1812 |[+]Heather, John Fry
” | ” 21 | 1902 | _Walton, James_
” | Aug. 12 | 2092 |[+]Newton, William Edward
” | ” 26 | 2198 | _Hodgson, Edmund Dorman_
” | Sept. 28 | 2484 |[+]Price, Cyrus
” | Nov. 4 | 2852 |[+]Gardner, William
” | ” 8 | 2879 |[+]Rainé, Jules Adolphe
” | ” 21 | 2991 |[±]Pope, Frederic
” | Dec. 9 | 3169 |[*]Grivel, Antoine, Jun.
” | ” 23 | 3324 |[*]Groves, Joseph, and Robinson, George, Jun.
” | ” 30 | 3382 |[+]Newton, William Edward
1866 | Jan. 6 | 48 |[+]Tolhausen, Frederick
” | March 17 | 799 |[+]Hinton, Frederic
” | April 20 | 1118 |[+]Allen, James
” | June 4 | 1545 |[+]Fenby, Joseph Beverley
” | ” 12 | 1597 |[*]Kurz, Frederick William
” | ” 16 | 1635 |[*]Macdonald, Archibald
” | ” 16 | 1638 |[*]Hopps, George Henry
” | July 2 | 1750 |[+]Bonneville, Henri Adrien
” | Nov. 14 | 2987 |[*]Clark, William
” | Dec. 29 | 3420 |[*]Adams, Arthur John
” | ” 31 | 3441 |[*]Allman, Herbert
1867 | March 8 | 654 |[+]Pope, Frederic
” | ” 29 | 937 |[+]Wolverson, Joseph, Jun.
” | May 6 | 1326 |[+]Lake, William Robert
” | ” 7 | 1353 |[*]Saxby, Henry John
” | July 27 | 2184 |[+]Jones, Thomas
” | Nov. 9 | 3166 |[+]Hall, Samuel, and Whittingham, Maurice
1868 | Feb. 7 | 422 |[+]Lake, William Robert
” | ” 26 | 651 |[*]Dowell, William and James
” | March 27 | 1061 |[+]Hughes, Henry, and Jones, Charles
” | April 4 | 1144 | _Nabbs, Richard_
” | ” 27 | 1372 |[*]Tidmarsh, Samuel
” | June 5 | 1842 |[+]Clark, Alexander Melville
” | ” 8 | 1874 |[+]Coffey, Dominic
” | July 11 | 2199 |[+]Brooman, Clinton Edgcumbe
” | Sept. 8 | 2764 |[+]Fraser, Alexander John
” | Oct. 15 | 3153 |[+]Gumpel, Charles Godfrey
” | Nov. 23 | 3549 |[+]La Penotière, William
” | Dec. 3 | 3676 |[+]Maréchal, Louis Jules
” | ” 14 | 3796 |[*]Brooman, Clinton Edgcumbe
” | ” 21 | 3887 |[+]Whitaker, Richard
1869 | April 22 | 1245 |[+]Lake, William Robert
” | ” 27 | 1293 |[+]Lake, William Robert
” | June 18 | 1878 |[*]Andrew, Matthew
” | Sept. 8 | 2636 |[+]Hodges, Richard Edward
” | ” 11 | 2672 |[*]Andrew, Matthew
” | ” 15 | 2700 |[*]Clark, Alexander Melville
” | ” 30 | 2846 |[+]Dewe, John
” | Oct. 12 | 2963 |[+]Andrew, Matthew
” | Nov. 11 | 3250 |[+]Lake, William Robert
” | ” 11 | 3256 | _Harris, William_
” | ” 11 | 3257 | _Wilson, Peter_
” | ” 15 | 3290 |[+]Brampton, Frederick
” | ” 16 | 3300 | _Tucker, Walter Henry_
1870 | Jan. 21 | 187 | _Whitfield, Frederic_
” | April 30 | 1242 |[*]Massi, Charles
” | July 7 | 1927 |[*]Murdoch, Hunter Henry
” | Sept. 9 | 2440 | _Tildesley, James_
” | Oct. 22 | 2785 | _Samels, Abel Edgar_
” | Nov. 26 | 3108 |[+]Murdoch, Hunter Henry
” | ” 28 | 3114 |[+]Abel, Charles Denton
” | ” 28 | 3115 |[+]Abel, Charles Denton
” | Dec. 22 | 3356 | _Morrison, James_
1871 | Jan. 12 | 87 | _Pocock, Alfred Willmer_
” | ” 30 | 240 |[+]Lawrence, Charles Lewis
” | Feb. 1 | 265 |[*]Harvey, Henry Cummins, and Walton, Thomas
” | May 1 | 1160 |[+]Imray, John
” | June 8 | 1514 |[*]Hutchins, Henry Edward
1872 | Jan. 25 | 252 | _Mills, Benjamin Joseph Barnard_
” | March 22 | 881 | _Brolly, William Stuart_
” | May 18 | 1523 |[*]Pichery, Jules Léandre
” | July 10 | 2074 | _Lancaster, Henry_
” | Aug. 20 | 2472 | _Brodie, James_
” | Sept. 18 | 2764 |[*]Osborn, William
” | Oct. 5 | 2940 | _Kromer, Theodore_
1873 | March 21 | 1057 | _Morgan-Brown, William_
” | May 29 | 1932 | _Fox, Howard Busby_
” | June 26 | 2219 | _Mansbridge, Thomas_
” | July 25 | 2545 |[*]Greenwood, Henry Brown
” | Aug. 25 | 2793 | _Hunt, Bristow_
” | Sept. 16 | 3029 |[*]Edwards, John
” | ” 19 | 3081 | _Harrington, John_
” | ” 27 | 3159 |[*]Vaughan, Henry
” | Oct. 24 | 3453 | _Ratcliff, Daniel Rowlinson_
” | ” 31 | 3550 | _Chatwood, Samuel_
” | Dec. 17 | 4139 | _Barton, Charles_
1874 | Jan. 3 | 44 | _Harrington, John_
” | Feb. 19 | 642 | _Worrell, Thomas Boyle_
” | March 5 | 818 | _Clarke, Henry_
” | ” 30 | 1095 | _Whitworth_
” | April 16 | 1320 | _Turner_
” | ” 21 | 1377 | _Wheeler_
” | ” 29 | 1495 | _Rutter_
” | June 6 | 1974 | _Faddy_
” | ” 23 | 2174 | _Titley_

_LIST OF PATENTS FOR SAFES, ETC., AND APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE CONTENTS OF THE SAME._

------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------------------------
Year | Day | No. of | Name | Chief Claims
| | Patent | |
------+----------+--------+------------------------+---------------------------
1801 | Feb. 10 | 2477 | Scott, Richard | Fireproofing
1834 | ” 13 | 6555 | Marr, William | Fireproofing
1835 | May 1 | 6832 | Chubb, Charles | Case-hardening plates
1839 | June 11 | 8100 | Chubb, Charles and | Well safes
| | | Jeremiah |
1840 | Feb. 26 | 8401 | Milner, Thomas | Fireproofing
1843 | Nov. 25 | 9963 | Tann, Edward; Edward, | Fireproofing. A disclaimer
| | | Jun., and John | afterwards published of
| | | | certain parts
1851 | March 3 | 13540 | Milner, William | Fireproofing and bolts
1853 | Nov. 7 | 2587 | Newton, Alfred Vincent | Chilled cast-iron
1854 | July 12 | 1533 |[*]Gardissal, Charles | For postage and other
| | | Durand | stamps
” | Dec. 20 | 2684 | Milner, William | Wood for lock-cases
1855 | Jan. 31 | 236 | Price, George | Painting interior and
| | | | case-hardening exterior
” | Aug. 21 | 1888 |[+]Longsdon, Robert | Hydraulic apparatus
” | Nov. 22 | 2632 |[+]Price, George | Steam-tight chests
1856 | April 24 | 989 | Blacket, Frank William | Fixing locks and
| | | | detachable heads to keys
” | Aug. 16 | 1919 |[+]Lilley, Samuel | Chilled cast-iron.
| | | | (Newton, 1853, No. 2587.)
1857 | Jan. 20 | 172 |[+]Johnson, John Henry | A ship safe
” | April 16 | 1075 |[*]Crook, Samuel Thomas | Casting and welding
” | Sept. 25 | 2481 |[±]Chubb, John | Steel plugs and corrugated
| | | | steel
” | Nov. 25 | 2947 |[*]Hogg, James | Revolving shutter for door
1859 | March 21 | 717 |[+]Rhodes, William | Water for fireproofing
1860 | April 27 | 1071 |[*]Withers, George | Welding iron and steel
| | | | plates, &c.
” | May 28 | 1308 | _Chatwood, Samuel_[6] | Fluid metal run in between
| | | | two plates
” | Sept. 13 | 2211 |[*]Price, George | Coating doors with steel
1862 | Jan. 29 | 232 |[*]Pulvé, Louis | Wool and sand fireproofing
| | | Alexandre |
” | Oct. 13 | 2750 |[+]Chatwood, Samuel | Tee-iron frame. Nine
| | | | claims
” | Dec. 12 | 3327 |[*]Winiwarter, George | Fireproofing. Tubes bound
| | | | with straw, clay, &c.
1863 | March 3 | 594 |[±]Price, George, and | Angle-iron frame.
| | | Dawes, William | Electro-gilding lock
1864 | Oct. 10 | 2485 |[+]Gardner, William. | False bottom
1865 | Jan. 9 | 71 |[+]Wiese, Friedrich | Fireproofing (Milner,
| | | | 1840, No. 8401)
” | Feb. 6 | 326 |[+]Shaw, Robert | Shop-window safe
” | ” 9 | 364 |[+]Chubb, John | Recessed door, &c.
” | ” 15 | 439 |[*]Clark, Alexander | Chilled cast-iron, &c.
| | | | (Lilley, 1856, No. 1919.)
” | Feb. 16 | 450 | _Thompson, Joseph_ | Solid flanges, &c.
” | ” 17 | 459 |[*]Fergusson, James | Sliding doors
” | ” 22 | 499 |[*]Shore, George | Curved edge to door
| | | Nathaniel |
” | ” 23 | 507 | _Whitfield, Samuel_ | Screw-bolts
” | ” 23 | 508 |[*]Mappin, Walter | Flanged plates and rivets
| | | Sandell |
” | ” 23 | 514 |[*]Taylor, Henry Kinden | Exposed safe
” | ” 27 | 543 |[*]Tucker, Walter Henry | Casting and welding
” | ” 28 | 559 | _Hart, John Matthias_ | Holding bolts
” | March 2 | 585 | _Chatwood, Samuel_ | 15 claims. (Shore, 1865,
| | | | No. 499; and Whitfield,
| | | | 1865, No. 507.)
” | ” 6 | 619 |[*]Varley, Cromwell |
| | | Fleetwood | Electric apparatus
” | ” 6 | 621 |[*]Phillips, Samuel, |
| | | and Groves, Joseph | Undercut angle-iron, &c.
” | ” 8 | 653 |[*]Taylor, Arthur Edwin | Sliding door
” | ” 9 | 660 |[*]Harris, Joseph Thomas| Fire-resisting doors
” | ” 11 | 695 |[*]Tann, John | Ten claims
” | ” 13 | 702 |[*]Hill, Henry | Sliding door. (Taylor,
| | | | 1865, No. 653.)
” | ” 14 | 714 |[*]Hodgson, Edmund | Sliding door. (Hill, 1865,
| | | Dorman | No. 702.)
” | ” 15 | 728 |[*]Loysel, Edward | Spiegel-eisen, &c.
| | | | (Chatwood, 1865, No.
| | | | 585.)
” | ” 31 | 903 |[*]Milner, William, and |
| | | Ratcliff, Daniel |
| | | Rowlinson | Ribs, hooks, &c.
” | ” 31 | 904 |[*]Cook, Thomas | Circular door
” | April 4 | 946 |[*]Thompson, George Curr| Screw-bolts. (Chatwood,
| | | | 1865, No. 585; Whitfield,
| | | | 1865, No. 507.)
” | ” 7 | 1000 |[+]Skidmore, Thomas | Inner angle-iron frame
” | ” 12 | 1045 | _Hart, John Matthias_ | Actuating bolts
” | ” 13 | 1056 |[*]Chubb, John, and | Projections on door
| | | Goater, Robert |
” | June 20 | 1657 |[+]Parish, James; | Dovetailed door
| | | Thatcher, Charles; |
| | | and Glasscock, Thomas |
” | July 22 | 1911 |[*]Diaper, William | Z iron frame; revolving
| | | | steel rods.(Tann, 1865,
| | | | No. 695.)
” | Aug. 2 | 1995 |[*]Andrew, Thomas; and | Screw-bolts. (Thompson,
| | | Taylor, James Whiteley| 1865, No. 946, &c., &c.)
” | ” 2 | 2006 |[+]Allman, Herbert | Chilled cast-iron, &c.
| | | | (Thompson, 1865, No.
| | | | 450.)
” | ” 11 | 2081 |[+]Kjellberg, Peter | Suspended safe
| | | Carlsson |
” | ” 17 | 2121 |[+]Phillips, Samuel; | Dovetails, curved edge, &c.
| | | and Groves, Joseph | (Chubb, 1865, No. 1056;
| | | | Shore, 1865, No. 499.)
” | Sept. 2 | 2265 | _Chatwood, Samuel_ | Casting with soft metal
” | ” 7 | 2294 |[+]Hart, John Matthias | Joining plates by metal in
| | | | tubes
” | ” 9 | 2318 |[+]Nordenskiöld, Adolf | Connecting safe with
| | | Eric, and | water-pipes
| | | Smith, John William |
” | Sept. 26 | 2457 |[*]Parigot, Claude, and |
| | | Grivel, Antoine | Locking apparatus
” | Nov. 20 | 2979 |[*]Fenby, Joseph Beverly| Expanding bolt
” | Dec. 1 | 3085 |[*]Batho, William |
| | Fothergill | Stamped safe
” | ” 9 | 3169 |[*]Grivel, Antoine | Keyless lock, &c.
” | ” 21 | 3305 |[+]Blackman, John |
| | | William | Connecting safe with
| | | | water-pipes. (Nordenskiöld,
| | | | 1865, No. 2318.)
” | ” 23 | 3321 |[±]Chatwood, Samuel | Casting safes
” | ” 23 | 3324 |[*]Groves, Joseph, and |
| | | Robinson, George | Projecting pieces, &c.
| | | | (Phillips, 1865, No.
| | | | 2121.)
1866 | Jan. 11 | 96 |[*]Rudling, William |
| | | Atkins | Electric apparatus
” | Feb. 21 | 541 |[*]Deakin, William | Projections on doors, &c.
| | | | (Groves, 1865, No. 3324.)
” | ” 23 | 552 |[+]Haddan, J. C., and |
| | | Haddan, H. J. | Circular safes, and
| | | | vitrifying exterior
” | March 2 | 641 |[±]Tansley, James | Interlocking doors
” | ” 3 | 648 |[*]Hosking, Albert | Gaslight detector
” | ” 6 | 685 |[+]Chubb, John | Tie-bars, rivets, and hinges
” | March 7 | 694 |[+]Price, George | Plate-iron frame
| | | | projections, &c. (Tann,
| | | | 1865, No. 695.)
” | ” 9 | 717 |[*]Moxon, Thomas Bewsher| Electric apparatus
” | ” 13 | 754 |[+]Jessop, Joseph, and |
| | | Warburton, William | Serrated edge to door
” | ” 17 | 792 |[+]Sagar, Thomas, and |
| | | Keighley, George | Cylindrical safe. (Haddan,
| | | | 1866, No. 552.)
” | ” 17 | 799 |[+]Hinton, Frederic | Circular door. (Sagar,
| | | | 1866, No. 792.)
” | ” 27 | 895 |[*]Bracher, John | Frame and angle-iron
” | ” 29 | 911 |[+]Noake, Reuben | Joining edges. (Bracher,
| | | | 1866, No. 895.)
” | ” 31 | 930 |[+]Hindshaw, George | Serrated door, &c. (Jessop,
| | | | 1866, No. 754.)
” | April 4 | 954 |[*]Maddocks, John, and |
| | | Dunn, William | Sliding doors and
| | | | dovetailed bars
” | ” 19 | 1106 |[±]Evans, Daniel | Welding and joining plates.
| | | | (Hart, 1865, No. 2294.)
” | May 16 | 1387 |[+]Gisborne, John |
| | | Sacheverell | Electric and clockwork
| | | | apparatus
” | ” 16 | 1390 |[+]Price, Elihu and |
| | | Cyrus | Moveable bars; fireproof
| | | | inner door
” | June 7 | 1570 | _Grivel, Antoine_ | Nine claims. Locking
| | | | apparatus
” | ” 11 | 1587 |[*]Baxter, John, and |
| | | Hunt, John | Serrated door and casting
| | | | No. safe. (Hindshaw,
| | | | 1866, 930; Tucker, 1865,
| | | | No 543.)
” | June 12 | 1598 |[*]Kurz, Frederick |
| | | William | Double sliding-doors.
| | | | (Maddocks, 1866, No.
| | | | 954.)
” | ” 22 | 1671 |[+]Peyton, Edward | Circular door
” | Aug. 1 | 1977 |[+]Billing, Edwin Isaac | Spherical safe
” | ” 2 | 1993 |[*]Chillcott, Isaac |
| | | Eldon | Serrated door. (Baxter,
| | | | 1866, No. 1587, and
| | | | others.)
” | ” 22 | 2152 |[+]Minns, Henry Royall | Claw-bolts, and
| | | | fireproofing. (Milner,
| | | | 1840, No. 8401.)
” | Sept. 3 | 2256 |[+]Hosking, Albert |
| | | Whitford | Gaslight detector. (Hosking,
| | | | 1866, No. 648.)
” | Nov. 3 | 2856 | _Chubb, John_, and |
| | | _Chalk, William Henry_| Diagonal bolts, and
| | | | overlapping frame
” | ” 7 | 2894 |[+]Goodbrand, Walter, |
| | | and Holland, Thomas |
| | | Eccles | Gaslight detector. (Hosking,
| | | | 1866, 2256.
” | ” 22 | 3064 |[*]Nicholson, James | Overlapping door
” | Dec. 12 | 3265 |[±]Chatwood, Samuel | Locking apparatus
1867 | Jan. 23 | 176 |[*]Pinney, John | Chilled casting. (Tucker,
| | | | 1865, No. 543.)
” | ” 29 | 229 |[±]Snell, William | Water fireproofing. (Rhodes,
| | | | 1859, No. 717.)
” | Feb. 13 | 400 |[+]Westwood, Jos., and |
| | | Baillie, Robt. | Rebated door, &c. (In use
| | | | many years before.)
” | June 14 | 1741 |[*]Bryant, Hezekiah |
| | | Hazard | Water fireproofing.
| | | | (Snell, 1867, No. 229.)
” | Aug. 19 | 2382 |[*]Cowper, Edward Alfred| Welding plates
” | Sept. 25 | 2696 |[*]Ratcliff, Daniel |
| | | Rowlinson | Angles dovetailed to bars
1868 | Jan. 1 | 2 |[+]Lake, William Robert | Spherical safe, &c.
” | ” 29 | 307 |[+]Snell, William | Wood fireproofing, &c.
” | March 18 | 926 |[*]Wailes, George | Joining angles
” | April 22 | 1311 |[*]Fiddes, Augustine, |
| | | and Curtis, Charles |
| | | John | Locking apparatus. (Chubb,
| | | | 1857, No. 2481; Price,
| | | | 1863, No. 594; Diaper,
| | | | 1865, No. 1911.)
” | ” 30 | 1415 | _Chatwood, Samuel_ | Welding plates, &c.
| | | | (Cowper, 1867, No. 2382;
| | | | Chubb, 1866, No. 2856;
| | | | Bracher, 1866, No. 895.)
” | June 17 | 1971 |[+]Rhodes, William and |
| | | James | Frames. (Chubb, 1865; No.
| | | | 1056; Chubb, 1866, No.
| | | | 2856.)
” | July 15 | 2228 |[*]De Bergue, Charles, |
| | | and Haddan, John Coope| Circular safes, &c.
” | Aug. 7 | 2469 |_Curtis, Charles John,_ |
| | | and _Fiddes, Augustine_| Skeleton frames, revolving
| | | | rods, &c. (Diaper, 1865,
| | | | No. 1911; Price, 1866,
| | | | No. 694; Wailes, 1868,
| | | | No. 926.)
” | April 5 | 1026 |_White, William George_ | Hooked bolts, and trough
| | | | iron. (Minns, 1866, No.
| | | | 2152; Chubb, 1866, No.
| | | | 2856.)
” | May 6 | 1399 | _Hart, John |
| | | Matthias_ | Jointless body; hooked
| | | | bolts, &c. (White, 1869,
| | | | No. 1026.)
” | ” 19 | 1552 |[*]Fuller, William |
| | | Frederick | Screw night-bolt
” | Sept. 22 | 2759 |_Minns, Henry Royall_ | Hooked sliding bolt.
| | | | (Minns, 1866, No. 2152.)
” | Nov. 24 | 3388 |[+]McNeill, Andrew | Floating safe
” | Dec. 9 | 3564 |[+]Ballou, Russell |
| | | Arnold | Lampblack fireproofing
1870 | Jan. 19 | 162 |[*]Mawe, William | Circular screw door
” | March 9 | 694 |[*]Duffey, James | Fireproofing. (Bryant,
| | | | 1867, No. 1741; Snell,
| | | | 1867, No. 229; Rhodes,
| | | | 1859, No. 717.)
” | May 5 | 1289 |_Johnson, John Henry_ | Fireproofing; steam safe
” | June 7 | 1648 |[*]Schäfer, Frederick | Steel shutter
” | July 14 | 1992 |[*]Curtis, Charles John,|
| | | and Fiddes, Augustine | Fireproofing. (Johnson,
| | | | 1870, No. 1289.)
” | ” 29 | 2132 |[+]Minns, Henry Royall | Locking apparatus. (Minns,
| | | | 1869, No. 2759.)
” | Oct. 6 | 2654 |[*]Chatwood, Samuel, and|
| | | Tobin, Thomas William | Air chambers, &c.
” | Nov. 1 | 2876 |[+]Newton, William |
| | | Edward | Electro-magnetic apparatus
1871 | May 5 | 1221 |_Ratcliff, Daniel |
| | | Rowlinson_ | Compound hooked bolt
” | July 6 | 1761 |_Farrel, John_ | Spiegel-eisen, angle-frame,
| | | | &c.(Chatwood, 1865, No.
| | | | 585; Price, 1863, No.
| | | | 594.)
” | Nov. 16 | 3108 |_Haseltine, George_ | Electro-magnetic apparatus
” | ” 18 | 3128 |_Corliss, William_ | Spherical safe. Fourteen
| | | | claims
1872 | Feb. 14 | 458 |[*]Cottam, Edward | Supporting safes
” | ” 20 | 542 |[*]Nickson, Philip Henry|
| | | Hammond | Mica lining. (Snell, 1868,
| | | | No. 307.)
” | March 4 | 668 | _Fothergill, Benjamin_,|
| | | and _Rumble, Thomas |
| | | William_ | Constructing safes. (See
| | | | all patents relating to
| | | | steel, chilled iron,
| | | | &c.)
” | May 28 | 1611 |_Hobbs, Alfred Charles_,|
| | |and _Hart, John Matthias_| Use of steel, &c.
| | | | (Fothergill, 1872, No.
| | | | 668.)
” | July 6 | 2048 | _Elwell, James Fenton_,|
| | | and _Grove, Joseph_ | Knuckle-bolts
” | ” 12 | 2103 |[*]Chambers, John |
| | | Wilkinson | Electric signals
” | Oct. 7 | 2953 | _Gardner, William_ | Securing safe to floor
1873 | Jan. 15 | 165 | _Hipkins, Edward_ | Tee-iron frame, &c.
| | | | Chatwood, 1862, No.
| | | | 2750; Tann, 1865, No.
| | | | 695.)
” | ” 17 | 194 |_Perman, Charles |
| | |Hayward_, and _Whitaker,|
| | | Richard_ | Lids of boxes
” | Jan. 18 | 226 | _Lake, William Robert_ | Water fireproofing.
| | | | (Duffey, 1870, No.
| | | | 694, &c.)
” | May 21 | 1846 | _Chatwood, Samuel_ | Air-pipes round safe
” | June 9 | 2048 | _Whichcord, John_, and |
| | | _Anderson, William_ | Constructing safes.
| | | | (Fothergill, 1872,
| | | | No. 668.)
” | ” 10 | 2050 | _Hayward, Walter Frank_| Angles and doors.
| | | | (Phillips, 1865, No.
| | | | 621; Phillips, 1865,
| | | | 1866, No. 2121;
| | | | Chubb, No. 2856;
| | | | Price, 1863, No.
| | | | 594; Price, 1866,
| | | | No. 2121.)
” | ” 19 | 2149 |[*]Easton, Edward; Pole,|
| | | William; and |
| | | Whichcord, John | Doors sliding by
| | | | hydraulic pressure
” | Sept. 18 | 3065 | _Cottam, Edward_ | Series of safes
” | Nov. 13 | 3689 |[*]Fear, Henry, and |
| | | Wilson, Peter | Hinges and hooked
| | | | bolts. (White, 1869,
| | | | No. 1026, &c.)
” | Dec. 10 | 4066 | _Taunton, John Richard |
| | | Cromwell_ | Rotating steel discs
1874 | Jan. 24 | 320 | _Chubb, George Hayter_,|
| | | and _Chalk, William |
| | | Henry_ | Fixing lining, and
| | | | locking apparatus.
| | | | (Chubb, 1866, No.
| | | | 2856.)
” | Feb. 13 | 552 | _Goater, John_ | General construction.
| | | | Ten claims
” | June 10 | 2029 | _Brannon_ |

LONDON: PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET

FOOTNOTES:

[1] ‘Construction of Locks and Keys,’ by the late Mr. John Chubb. Read before the Institute of Civil Engineers.

[2] A curved edge had been previously patented by Shore, February 22nd, 1865.

[3] Mr. Braidwood was at the head of the London Fire Brigade; and, after a hardworking and useful life, was killed at the post of duty during the great Tooley Street Fire in 1861, by the sudden collapse of a wall. This fire burnt for a fortnight, and caused the loss of property valued at 2,000,000_l._ sterling.

[4] See ‘Fire Surveys,’ p. 73.

[5] Extended until 1879, by Judicial Committee of Privy Council.

[6] Extended until 1879, by Judicial Committee of Privy Council.