Chapter III: Section XX: Psychotherapy in Surgery

I. Psychotherapy in Old-Time Surgery 746

II. Mental Influence Before Operation 749

III. Mental Influence and Anesthesia 753

IV. Mental Influence After Operation 759

APPENDICES

I. Illusions 766

II. Religion and Psychotherapy 776

INDEX 781

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

The Temple of Epidaurus as a health resort Facing page 9

1.--Expressions of the mouth 102

2.--Cortex of human brain illustrating complexity
of the systems and plexuses of nerve fibers 109

3.--Small and medium-sized pyramidal cells of the
visual cortex of a child twenty days old 110

4.--Series of sections showing the fine nerve
endings and branchings of the first and second
layer of the visual cortex of a child
fifteen days old. 111

5.--First, second and third layer of the anterior
central convolution of the brain of a child
one month old 112

6.--Layers of the posterior central or ascending
parietal convolution of a new-born child 112

7.--Diagram of cells of cerebral cortex 113

8.--Scheme of lower motor neuron 114

9.--Scheme of the visual conduction paths 115

10.--Schematic frontal section through the occipital
lobe illustrating manifold connections in a
single lobe 116

11.--Isolated cell from human spinal cord 117

12.--Neuron from the optic lobe of the embryo chick 118

13.--Deep layer of giant pyramidal cells of the
posterior central or ascending parietal
convolution of a child thirty days old 119

14.--Pyramidal cell of cerebral cortex of mouse 119

15.--Neuroglia cells of the fascia dentata, in the
new-born rabbit 121

16.--Neuroglia cell from the subcortical layer of
the cerebrum from which two processes go to a
blood vessel 122

17.--Neuroglia cells from the spinal cord 122

18.--An artery from the cerebral cortex 125

19.--Neuroglia cells of the superficial layers of
the brain from an infant aged two months 126

20.--Complexity of cell of the central nervous system 131

21.--Section through the cortex of the
gyrus occipitalis superior 132

22.--Motor cell of ventral horn of spinal cord from
the human fetus 133

23.--Normal diaphragm curve in normal breathing 577

24.--Curve in diaphragm before and during talking
by a stutterer 577

25.--Illusion of dual vision 615

26.--Illusion of dual vision 767

27.--Binocular vision 767

28.--Binocular vision 767

29.--The Mueller-Lyer lines 768

30.--Illusions of size 769

31.--Illusion of filled space (interrupted vision) 769

32.--Illusions of size and linear continuity 770

33.--Poggendorf's displacement of oblique lines 771

34.--Zoellner's distortion of parallel lines 772

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PSYCHOTHERAPY