Chapter D: B. McLACHLAN

'SPIRITS are active, indivisible substances; IDEAS [objects] are inert, fleeting, dependent things, which subsist not by themselves, but are supported by, or exist in minds or spiritual substances.... The cause of Ideas is an incorporeal active SUBSTANCE or Spirit.'

--_Berkeley._

London Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Paternoster Square 1892

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'_Looking to the chaotic state of logic text-books at the
present time, one would be inclined to say that there does
not exist anywhere a recognised, currently-received body of
speculation to which the title Logic can be unambiguously
assigned, and that we must therefore resign the hope of
attaining by any empirical consideration of the received
doctrine, a precise determination of the nature and limits of
logical theory._'

_Encyc. Brit._, Art., LOGIC.