Chapter XI: Guarini, Marino, Chiabrera, Tassoni

Dearth of Great Men--Guarini a Link between Tasso and the
Seventeenth Century--His Biography--The _Pastor Fido_--Qualities of
Guarini as Poet--Marino the Dictator of Letters--His Riotous Youth
at Naples--Life at Rome, Turin, Paris--Publishes the _Adone_--The
Epic of Voluptuousness--Character and Action of Adonis--Marino's
Hypocrisy--Sentimental Sweetness--Brutal Violence--Violation of
Artistic Taste--Great Powers of the Poet--Structure of the
_Adone_--Musical Fluency--Marinism--Marino's Patriotic
Verses--Contrast between Chiabrera and Marino--An Aspirant after
Pindar--Chiabrera's Biography--His Court Life--Efforts of Poets in
the Seventeenth Century to attain to Novelty--Chiabrera's
Failure--Tassoni's Life--His Thirst to Innovate--Origin of the
_Secchia Rapita_--Mock-Heroic Poetiy--The Plot of this Poem--Its
Peculiar Humor--Irony and Satire--Novelty of the Species--Lyrical
Interbreathings--Sustained Contrast of Parody and Pathos--The Poet
Testi

CHAPTER XII.

PALESTRINA AND THE ORIGINS OF MODERN MUSIC.

Italy in Renaissance produces no National School of Music--Flemish
Composers in Rome--Singers and Orchestra--The Chaotic, Indecency
of this Contrapuntal Style--Palestrina's Birth and Early
History--Decrees of the Tridentine Council upon Church Music--The
Mass of Pope Marcello--Palestrina Satisfies the Cardinals with his
New Style of Sacred Music--Pius IV. and his Partiality for
Music--Palestrina and Filippo Neri--His Motetts--The Song of
Solomon set to Melody--Palestrina, the Saviour of Music--The
Founder of the Modern Style--Florentine Essays in the Oratorio

CHAPTER XIII.

THE BOLOGNESE SCHOOL OF PAINTERS.

Decline of Plastic Art--Dates of the Eclectic Masters--The
Mannerists--Baroccio--Reaction started by Lodovico Caracci--His
Cousins Annibale and Agostino--Their Studies--Their Academy at
Bologna--Their Artistic Aims--Dionysius Calvaert--Guido Reni--The
Man and his Art--Domenichino--Ruskin's Criticism--Relation of
Domenichino to the Piety of his Age--Caravaggio and the
Realists--Ribera--Lo Spagna--Guercino--His Qualities as
Colorist--His Terribleness--Private Life--Digression upon
Criticism--Reasons why the Bolognese Painters, are justly now
Neglected

CHAPTER XIV.

CONCLUSION.

The Main Events of European History--Italy in the
Renaissance--Germany and Reformation--Catholic Reaction--Its
Antagonism to Renaissance and Reformation--Profound Identity of
Renaissance and Reformation--Place of Italy in European
Civilization--Want of Sympathy between Latin and Teutonic
Races--Relation of Rome to Italy--Macaulay on the Roman Church--On
Protestantism--Early Decline of Renaissance Enthusiasms--Italy's
Present and Future

RENAISSANCE IN ITALY.