Chapter XXII: Appendix: VI

NOTES ON PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ESKIMOS.
(_By L. E. Borden, M.D., Surgeon to the Neptune._)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│Aivillingmiut. │Aivillingmiut. │Aivillingmiut.
│   (Male.) │  (Female.) │   (Male.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │  30 years. │ 25 years. │  35 years.
Weight. │  168 lb. │ 142 lb. │  177 lb.
Height. │5 ft., 4·375 in. │ 4 ft., 11 in. │5 ft., 6·25 in.
Chest expanded. │  43  inches. │ 3 ft., 4 in. │  42 inches.
”   contracted. │  40    ” │   .. │  37    ”
Girth at navel. │  32·5  ” │   .. │    ..
Neck circumference. │  14·5  ” │ 12·5 inches. │  14    ”
Upper arm—length. │  15    ” │ 12     ” │  15    ”
”  circumference. │  13    ” │ 10·5   ” │    ..
Forearm—length. │  17·5  ” │ 15·5   ” │  17·75 ”
”    circumference.│  11·5  ” │  9·5   ” │  11·5  ”
Leg—length. │  35·5  ” │ 30     ” │  29·5  ”
”  calf │  14·5  ” │   .. │  14·5  ”
circumference. │ │ │
”  thigh    ” │  20·5  ” │   .. │  22·5  ”
Foot—length. │   .. │   .. │    ..
Head—circumference. │  22·5 inches. │ 21·5 inches. │  22    ”
Remarks. │About average │A fair average │Rather taller and
│ height in region│ young married │ heavier than the
│ and of good │ woman of this │ average.
│ build, of fair │ tribe; lips │
│ intelligence and│ rather thick, │
│ a good hunter. │ forehead low, │
│ Abundance of │ nose short, ears│
│ heavy black hair│ rather small, │
│ worn, according │ hair heavy and │
│ to custom, │ black. │
│ falling over │ │
│ shoulders, and │ │
│ protects ears. │ │
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━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
│Kenipitumiut. │Kenipitumiut. │Kenipitumiut.
│   (Male.) │  (Female.) │   (Male.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │  20 years. │ 65 years. │  35 years.
Weight. │  172 lb. │ 136 lb. │  158 lb.
Height. │5 ft., 8·5 in. │4 ft., 11·5 in. │5 ft., 7 in.
Chest expanded. │  40·5 inches. │ 38·5 inches. │  41 inches.
”   contracted. │  37·5  ” │ 37     ” │  39·5  ”
Girth at navel. │  33·5  ” │   .. │  35    ”
Neck circumference. │  14    ” │ 11·5 inches. │  13·5  ”
Upper arm—length. │  13·5  ” │ 11     ” │  13    ”
”  circumference. │  11·75 ” │ 11     ” │  10·5  ”
Forearm—length. │  19    ” │ 16     ” │  17·5  ”
”    circumference.│  11    ” │  9     ” │  10    ”
Leg—length. │  36·5  ” │   .. │    ..
”   calf │  14    ” │   .. │    ..
circumference. │ │ │
”   thigh      ” │  22    ” │   .. │    ..
Foot—length. │   9·75 ” │  7·5 inches. │    ..
Head—circumference. │  22·5  ” │ 21     ” │  22  inches.
Remarks. │Tallest of the │Typical old woman,│Teeth perfect,
│ band at 5 ft., │ two-thirds teeth│ though large;
│ 8·5 in., and │ remaining and │ eyes bad, due to
│ muscular and │ perfect; hair, │ snow-blindness;
│ well built, but │ slightly gray, │ eyebrows heavy,
│ slow mind and │ no baldness; │ black; slight
│ limb. │ eyebrows, arched│ moustache; nose,
│ │ and thin; eyes │ straight, well
│ │ sight fairly │ formed except
│ │ well preserved; │ bridge, low;
│ │ nose-bridge low │ forehead, low
│ │ and lumpy and │ but broad and
│ │ prominent; │ square; an
│ │ forehead, low, │ intelligent man
│ │ narrow, arched; │ and a good
│ │ cheek bones │ workman as kyak
│ │ project forward;│ builder, &c.;
│ │ lower jaw │ unable to hunt,
│ │ prominent; chin,│ owing to
│ │ pointed and │ rheumatism;
│ │ short; breasts, │ ears, large and
│ │ long and flabby;│ stand out from
│ │ no hair on body │ head.
│ │ except in │
│ │ axillæ; arteries│
│ │ hard. │
──────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────

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│ Kenipitumiut. │ Kenipitumiut. │ Kenipitumiut.
│    (Male.) │   (Female.) │   (Female.)
──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────
Age. │  60 years. │  30 years. │  17 years.
Weight. │  138 lb. │  123 lb. │  117 lb.
Height. │4 ft., 11·5 in. │  5 ft. │4 ft. 10·5 in.
Chest expanded. │  37 inches. │  32·5 inches. │  32·5 inches.
”   contracted. │  33   ” │  31     ” │  29     ”
Girth at navel. │  33   ” │   .. │  23·5   ”
Neck circumference. │  14   ” │  11·5 inches. │  12·5   ”
Upper arm—length. │  11·12” │  11     ” │  11     ”
”  circumference. │  12   ” │  10·5   ” │  10     ”
Forearm—length. │  16   ” │  15·5   ” │  16     ”
”    circumference.│  10   ” │   9     ” │   9     ”
Leg—length. │  .. │  33     ” │  ...
”   calf │  .. │  12     ” │  13·5   ”
circumference. │ │ │
”   thigh      ” │  .. │  .. │  ...
Head—circumference. │  21 inches. │  21·5 inches. │  21     ”
”    width of face. │   5·06 ” │   4·75 ” │   4·5   ”
”    length of face. │  .. │   6·75 ” │  ...
Foot—length. │  .. │   8    ” │   7·5   ”
Remarks. │Very shrewd and │Typical young │Typical girl;
│ reliable native;│ married woman; │ teeth,
│ well preserved; │ teeth, │ irregular;
│ head, very well │ discoloured and │ cheeks, not very
│ shaped; eyes, │ large, though │ prominent; face,
│ bright; hair, │ sound; eyes, │ flat; nose,
│ black and heavy;│ good; nose, │ small; ears,
│ nose, straight; │ flat; cheek │ left, small,
│ cheeks, │ bones, low and │ right, no
│ prominent; chin,│ prominent, │ external opening
│ square and not │ making face look│ and all external
│ short; eyebrows,│ square; no hair │ ear except lobe
│ heavy, black; │ on body except │ wanting; eyes,
│ ears, large, │ slight trace in │ good, dark
│ prominent. │ axillæ; ears, │ brown; hands and
│ │ large; chin, │ feet well
│ │ short; mouth, │ formed; breasts
│ │ large, wide, │ well developed;
│ │ corners │ no hair on body.
│ │ drooping; lips, │
│ │ not thick; hands│
│ │ and feet well │
│ │ formed and │
│ │ small; breasts, │
│ │ very flabby and │
│ │ hang down 4½ │
│ │ inches; instep, │
│ │ arched. │
──────────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────

INDEX

Aberdeen, 250 Actinolite, 198 _Active_, 40, 68, 245, 252 Acworth cape, 214 Adams, Capt., 3, 59, 229, 239 Admiralty, 3, 85, 90 Admiralty inlet, 56, 115, 121-123 _Advance_, 99, 103 _Advice_, 99 Aivillingmiut, 27, 32, 34, 135-138, 155, 160, 162, 177-180 Akolingmiut, 134, 137 Akpatok island, 76, 113, 120, 187, 211, 286 Akudnairngmiut, 34 Alaska, 132 Albanel, Charles, 82 _Albert_, 59, 60 Alderman Jones sound, 78 Aldrich, Lieut., 107 _Alert_, 106, 107 _Alexander_, 88 Alexander cape, 44, 88 Alpine Triassic, 188 Amadjuak lake, 123, 162, 212 American whalers, 285 Ami, H. M., fossils, 211, 329 _Amphitrite_, 100 Amund Ringes, 226 Anautelik, 167 Anderson, John, 101 Anderson island, 244 Angeakatille, 170 Angekok, 163, 164, 169, 172, 173 Angello, Baptista, 73 Anian strait, 72, 84 Anorthosites, 192 Apatite, 200 Archæan, 115, 127, 184, 186, 190-209, 211-220 Archer, Lieut., 107 Archer fiord, 107, 228 _Arctic_, 70, 251 Arctic circle, 43, 77 Arctic ice— Smith sound, 45 Cape Sabine, 48 Kennedy channel, 64 drift, 111 Arctic islands, The— description and geology of, 112-130 Arctic Research— historical summary of, 71-111 amount expended on, 102 Arctic trout, 11 salmon, 59, 157 Armstrong, Dr., 225, 226, 230 Arsenopyrite, 238 Asbestus, 198 _Assistance_, 99, 100 Atholl cape, 44 Austin, Capt. Horatio, 99, 102 Axel Heiberg island, 114, 129, 226

Bache peninsula, 186 Back, Capt. R. W., 90, 93, 95, 190 Back river, 136 Baffin, William, 77, 78, 103, 249 Baffin bay, 99, 102, 113-121, 185, 186 currents, 290, 291 fisheries, 249, 253, 255, 271 shipping fatalities, 255 Baffin island, 13, 59, 73, 113-116, 120-123 geology, 185-189, 200-203, 211, 233-239, 246 Eskimos, 58, 134, 136 Baird bay, 198 Baker lake, 21 _Balaena_, 60, 258 Banks island, 99, 100, 114 geology, 115, 125, 205, 213, 222, 226 Baring island, 223, 224, 230 Barlow, Dr., 231 Barlow, Capt., 84 Barrow, Sir John, 88 Barrow strait, 54, 113, 114, 128 Bartlett, Capt., 23, 70 Bathurst island, 89, 114, 129 geology, 223-226, 247 Bayly, Charles, 81 Beaches, 189, 206 Beacon island, 26 Bears, 16, 58, 65, 128 Beaumont, Lieut., 107, 108 Beechey, Capt., 92 Beechey island, 2, 51, 52, 103, 221 fossils, 322, 329 Belcher, Capt. Sir Ed., 101, 102 Belcher channel, 110 Bell, Dr. R., 184, 190, 191, 199, 201, 202, 231, 234, 240 Bell island, 18 Belle Isle strait, 6 Bellot strait, 124, 214 Bering sea, 99, 111 strait, 99, 100, 114 Bernier, Capt., 70 Beryl, 198 Bibliography, Appen. V. Big island, 40, 118, 122, 137 geology, 201, 202 Big seal, 280 Biotite, 209 Bird, Capt. E. J., 99 Birds, 76, 127, Appen. II. Blaamanden, 227 Blacklead island, 8, 9, 62, 204 Blue crane, 34 Boas, Dr. Franz, 133, 134, 163, 201, 212 _Bonaventure_, 83 Booth, Sir Felix, 92 Boothia peninsula, 124 geology, 205, 213, 214 Borden, Dr., 28, 32, 60 botany, 320 meteorology, Appen. I. Boring machine, 29 Bornite, 200 Botany, Appen. III. Boulders, 205, 206, 229, 230 clay, 8, 19, 43 drift, 81 Bourdon, Jean, 82 Bowell island, 21 Bowhead whale, 249 Brainard, Lieut., 227, 228 _Breadalbane_, 100 British whalers, 249, 250 Brooke Cobham (Marble island), 79 Burgomaster gulls, 51 Button, Sir Thomas, 76, 77 Button islands, 7, 76 Button point, 57, 59 Byam Martin channel, 89 island, 114, 223, 224 Bylot, —, 76, 77 Bylot island, 56, 58, 59, 113, 115, 123 geology, 200, 205, 229, 246

Cabot, Sebastian, 72 Cabot strait, 6 Calc-spar, 198 Caldwell, G. F., 29, 31, 191-195, 245, 300 meteorology, 300 Cambrian, 186, 193, 215, 226, 230 Cambridge bay, 99, 102 Cambro-Silurian, 184, 186, 187, 211 Cape Chidley, 6, 70, 76, 139, 211 fossils, 327, 336 Cape Haven, 9, 12, 63 Cape of God’s Mercy, 74 Cape Rawson series, 226, 228 Carboniferous, 115, 125, 126, 128, 184, 188, 221, 222, 225, 246 lower, 213 Caribou, 23, 126, 127, 128, 159 hunting, 27 Carnelian, 206 Cary islands, 78, 88 Carys Swans Nest, 76, 79 Chalcopyrite, 238 Charles island, 14, 38, 113-118, 190, 191, 287 Charleton island, 79 Charting— Frobisher bay, 104 Jones sound, 110, 111 Chert, 193 Chesterfield inlet, 2, 20, 22, 86, 87, 135, 195-198, 232, 288 Chidley, John, 74 Chippewyan Indians, 133 Chouart, _dit_ Groseilliers, 80, 81 Christianity, 139 Christopher, Capt., 86 Chromic ore, 198 Churchill, 131, 135, 198, 284, 287, 288, 297, 298 Churchill river, 79, 85 Clarence cape, 54 Clarke island, 244 Clay, 59, 188, 228, 288 ironstone, 223, 224 slate, 198, 213 Climate, 126, 188, 253 Clyde river, 120 Coal, 116, 129, 200, 222-228, 240, 247 Coats, Capt. W., 132 Coats island, 17, 68, 76, 113, 119, 120, 187, 190, 211, 287 Coccolite, 198 Cockburn island, 197 Collison, Capt. Richard, 99, 102 Comer, Capt. George, 3, 23, 24, 27, 31, 32, 69, 135, 136, 163 Comfort cape, 77 Conglomerate, 219 Conical island, 43 Constitution cape, 103 Copper, 230, 237-239 pyrite, 199 Coppermine river, 87, 90, 98, 230 Corals, 217, Appen. IV. Corbets (or Rankin) inlet, 87 Cornwallis island, 28, 89, 114, 128-129 geology, 214, 221-224 Countess of Warwick island, 74 Couture, Sieur de la, 82 Creswell bay, 124 Crew of _Neptune_, xvii. Crocker bay, 50 mountains, 88, 89 Crossman, M., 29 Cumberland gulf, 8, 62, 63, 74, 121, 122, 137, 204, 245 strait, 200 Cuming creek, 50, 51, 209 Cunningham nord, 77 Currents, 7, 40, 49, 67, 253-255, 288-292, 295 Cyrus Field bay, 11, 64, 200, 204, 205

Dablon, Claude, 82 Danes, 77 Danish expedition, 79 settlement, 104 Dangerous point, 22 D’Argenson, Pierre, 9, 82 Davieau island, 242, 244 Davis, John, 74, 75 Davis strait, 102, 120, 185, 200 currents, 67 tribes on, 134 whaling, 249, 253 Dawson, Dr. G. M., 197, 205, 227, 229 Dease, Peter Warren, 93, 94 Deception bay, 38, 66, 67 Dee, Staff-Sergeant, 69 Deer, 21, 58 hunting, 159, 160 Depot island, 20, 24 De Rance, 214, 216, 225, 226 Desire Provoketh (Akpatok island), 76 Devil’s Thumb island, 42 Devonian, 116, 129, 187, 188, 213, 219, 221, 222 Upper, 220 Diabase, 198, 199, 204, 207, 215, 237, 238 Diallage, 198 _Diana_, 59, 60, 255 Diatoms, 257 D’Iberville, 83 Diers cape, 74 Digges, Sir Dudley, 75 Digges cape, 76, 78 Digges island, 16, 37 Dikes, 193, 197, 207, 237 _Diligence_, 100 _Discovery_, 75, 100, 107 Discovery bay, 108 harbour, 106 Disko island, 41, 88, 109, 207, 227 Dobbs, Arthur, 85, 86, 89 Dogs, 142-145 Dog-sled, 146-148 Dolomite, 185, 193 Dominoe, 6 Douglas, Admiral Sir A. L., 2 Douglas harbour, 14, 38, 65, 191, 194 Drift, 229-231 Driftwood, 290 Ducks, 79, 157 Duck islands, 42 mountains, 231 Duncan, Capt., 87 Dundee, 250 Duquet, Sieur, 82 Durban cape, 200 island, 229 Dutch whaler, 249

_Eclipse_, 59, 255 Economic minerals, 197, 236-247, 296 Eggs, sea fowl, 157, Appen. II. Eglinton island, 114, 128 Eider ducks, 158 Eifrig, Rev., 314 Ellef Ringnes, 114, 129, 226 Ellesmere island, 47-49, 104, 108, 110-116, 126, 127, 236, 246, 184-189, 207, 215, 222-227, 234, 236, 246 Elliott, Lieut., 100 Emerson, Prof. B. K., 200 _Enterprise_, 99 _Era_, 3, 69, 265-267 _Erebus_, 95, 96, 101 Erebus harbour, 52, 54 Erik cove, 15, 16, 37 harbour, 57, 60, 61, 234 Erratics, 224, 230, 231 Eskimos— areas inhabited by, 131 Baffin island population, 57, 58 clothes, 177-180 customs, 141, 165-169, 174-177 character, 136, 138, 163, 170, 171, 182, 272 dwellings, 45, 60, 142-145, 153, 154 education, 139, 140 food, 145, 181, 261 history, 66, 73-78, 87, 132, 133 population, 131-141 physical condition, Appen. VI. religion, 9, 138, 139 Esquimaux cape, 198 Etah, 44, 45 Evans strait, 18, 39, 120 Exeter sound, 74 Exmouth island, 226

Faribault, Dr. G. B., 28, 30 Fauna, 216 Fawckner, William, 100 Feilden, Capt., 214, 216, 227 Feldspar, 190, 195, 201, 204 _Felix_, 99 Fish, 76, 79 Fish river, 98 Fisher, Mr., 285 Fisher bay, 194 Fisheries, 296, 297 _See_ also ‘Whaling and Seals.’ Fisher strait, 39, 120 Flint island, 241 Floeberg beach, 106, 108 Flora, Appen. III. Fog, 41, 42, 48, 54, 56, 60, 64, 294 Ford, H., 7 Forestry, 296, 297 Forsyth, Capt. C. C., 99 Fort Churchill, 87 Fort Conger, 247 Fort Rupert, 81 Fossils, 51, 186, 187, 201, 210-228, 234, Appen. IV. plants, 188, 220 wood, 226, 228 Foulke fiord, 104, 208 Fox, Capt. Luke, 79, 80, 284 _Fox_, 101 Fox channel, 16, 67, 79, 86, 89, 119-122, 138, 197, 256 Fox hunting, 151 _Fram_, 71, 110, 129 Franklin, Lady, 96, 99, 100 Franklin, Sir John— expeditions, 90, 97 memorial, 52, 53 record of death, 125 Franklin Pierce bay, 216 Franklin sound, 107 strait, 125 Frederick, Capt. Charles, 100 French Fur Co., 65 Frenchman cove, 12 Fresh water pools, 257 Frobisher, Sir Martin, 71-74 Frobisher bay, 13, 64, 73-75, 121-123, 200 Fullerton— _Neptune_ in winter quarters, 25-34 _Neptune’s_ return to, 69 ice in harbour, 292-293 shoals, 26 Fur trade, 296 _Fury_, 56, 89 Fury beach, 69-93 Fury and Hecla strait, 89, 92, 94, 121, 122

Gaasefjord, 218, 219 Gabbro, 198 Galena, 237 Galena-Trenton, 184, 187 Lower, 211 Gales, 43, 56, 60-64, 70, 103-105 Gama, Vasco de, 72 Game, 128, 157 Ganoid scales, 219 Garnet, 192-198, 201, 203, 230, 231 Gasteropods, 216 Geese, 127, 157 Geology, 183-287 Geological Survey of Canada— work by, in Arctic regions, 341 George river, 140, 191, 192 Gilbert, 21 Gilberts sound, 74 Gillies island, 244 Gillam, Zachariah, 81 _Gjoa_, 53 Glacial striæ, 185, 230-233 Glaciation, 8, 9, 184, 188, 189, 229-235 Glaciers— Disko island, 41, 42 Parker Snow bay, 43 Ellsmere island, 49 Lancaster sound, 50 North Devon, 51 Erik harbour, 60, 61 other references, 116, 122-128, 236, 253, 254 Gneiss, 8, 12, 17, 43, 115, 190-208 Godhaab, 74 Gods Mercies island, 76 Gold, 73, 77, 197, 237 Goldener’s Patent, 52, 97 Goodsir, Dr. R. A., 99, 259 Gordon, Commander, 7, 285 Gore, Lieut. Graham, 97 Graham Moore cape, 57 Grain shipment, suggested route, 283, 298 Granite, 185-298 Cumberland gulf, 8 Frenchman cove, 12 Cyrus Field bay, 12 Seahorse point, 17 Salisbury island, 67 Granite cape, 297 Graphite, 190-204, 243, 245 Gravel, 188, 288 Gray strait, 7 Great Bear lake, 92 Great Fish river, 93, 94, 101 Great Slave lake, 87, 91, 93 Greely, Capt. A. W., 108, 113, 227, 228, 247 Greene, Henry, 76 Greenland, 74, 75, 77, 109, 110 Greenland whale, 249, 258 Greenstone, 197, 204 Grenville series, 190, 202 Griffin, S. P., 99 Grinnell, Henry, 103 Grinnell glacier, 14, 122 land, 227, 228 peninsula, 127, 222 _Griper_, 88, 94 Gripper shoal, 14 Guelph, 211 Guy, Capt., 3 Gypsum, 212

Halifax, 4, 5, 70 Halkett, Andrew, 314 Hall, Charles F., 104, 105, 200, 202, 251 Hall, James, 77 Hall island, 13, 73 Harbour seal, 278-279 Hares, 125-128 Harp seal, 279, 280 Haughton, Prof., 213, 222-224, 30 Hawkes cape, 104 Haven, Lieut D., 99 Havnefjord, 17 Hayes, Dr. I. I., 103, 104 Hearne, Samuel, 85, 87, 133 _Hecla_, 89 Heer, Prof., 226, 227 Hell Gate, 218 Hematite, 223, 224 _Herald_, 99 Herbert island, 44 Herschel cape, 47, 48, 208 Historical Summary of Arctic Research, 71-111 Home bay, 121 Hood, Lieut., 96 Hooded seal, 280 Hope cape, 86 Hopes Advance bay, 193 cape, 194 Hopes Checked, 76 _Hopewell_, 75 Hoppner, Capt., 89 Hornblende, 195, 201 Horn sound, 78 Horsbury cape, 50 Hudson, Henry, 75, 76, 82, 284 Hudson’s Bay Co.— fisheries, 85, 251, 274 Franklin expeditions, 99-101 history, 80-87, 92 posts, 6, 83, 91 surveys, 93, 94 trading, 284, 285, 296 Hudson bay— depths, 67, 288 Eskimos, 134, 135 fisheries, 249, 251, 256, 271, 274, 281 geology, 185-211 history, 79-84, 90, 284 islands, 113, 117, 119 iron, 239, 240 ice, 39, 285 navigation (bay and strait) 283-298 policing, 3 resources, 296 trade, 296 Hudson Bay and strait— climate, 297 currents, 73, 288-290 explorations, 73-89 fisheries, 259, 296, 297 glaciation, 231 ice, 39, 292, 293 minerals, 237 navigation, 283-298 Hudson strait— Eskimos, 134 ice, 37, 40, 285, 292 navigation, 285, 286 tides, 13 whaling, 252 Humboldt glacier, 101, 103, 230 Huronian, 184-208, 215, 236-238 Hutchen’s goose, 34 Hyalrosfjord, 217

Ice— Bylot island, 57 Coats island, 36 Cumberland gulf, 61-63 Fox channel, 67-69, 256 Fullerton and Port Burwell, 39, 40 Fury and Hecla strait, 89 Hudson strait, 37, 40, 285, 292 Ponds inlet, 59 Resolution island, 94 Sabine cape, 45, 47 Smith sound, 48, 49 Southampton island, 94 Whale point, 59 formation, 292, 294 movement, 254, 255 middle pack, 75, 78, 254, 258, 291 Icy cape, 201 Iglulingmiut, 135, 136, 160 Indians, 87, 296 Indra Eide, 218 Inglefield, Capt. E. A., 100, 102 Inglefield gulf, 44 Interpreter, 6 _Intrepid_, 100 _Investigator_, 99 Iron ore, 156, 192, 198, 238-245 Iroquois, 82, 132, 133 _Isabel_, 100, 102 _Isabella_, 88 Isacksen, 110 Island bay, 196 Itivimiut, 134

Jackson, Capt., 11, 63 Jaegar, 34 James, Capt., 79, 80, 284 Jameson, Prof., 197, 198 James bay, 188, 292 Jenkins, Commander, 100 _Jesuits, Relations of_, 82 Jones cape, 131 sound, 88, 103, 111 Joy island, 65 Juet, Robert, 76

Kane, Dr. Elisha Kent, 101, 103 Kane basin, 103, 105 Kaxodliun, 204 Kedlingmiut, 134 Kekerten harbour, 10, 11, 204 Kellett, Capt. Henry, 99, 102 Kelsey, Henry, 84 Kendall, Lieut., 92 Kendall cape, 33 Kenipitumiut, 27, 135, 136, 155, 159, 162-180 Kennedy, William, 100 Kennedy channel, 103, 108 King, C. F., 2, 30 meteorology, 300 King, John, 76 Kingaite, 200 King cape, 122 King Charles cape, 137 King Charles His Promontory, 79 King Christian island, 114, 129 King George sound, 65 King Oscar island, 226 King William island, 98, 114, 124, 125, 205, 213 Kittoktangmiut, 134 Knight, Capt., 75, 84 Knight, James, 251 Kobbebugten, 217 Koguangmiut, 134 Koksoak river, 274 Koning, 200 Kuamangmiut, 134 Kyaks, 154-156

Labrador Eskimos, 131-135, 138 _Lady Franklin_, 99 Lady Franklin island, 13 Lake harbour, 68, 236, 245 Lakes, 123, 201 Lake Superior, 193, 240, 243, 245 Lambe, Lawrence M., 211 on Corals, Appen. IV. Lancaster sound, 50, 88, 93-101 L’Anglois, Jean, 82 Laurentian, 184, 186, 197-209, 236, 237, 246 Leopold, Capt. Francis, 100 Leopold island, 54 Liddon, Lieut. M., 88 Lignite, 188, 226-228, 246 Lockwood, Lieut., 108, 109 _Lord Weston’s Portland_, 79 Low, A. P., viii., ix., xvii. Lower Heidelberg formation, 211 Lyon, Capt. G. F., 18, 89 Lumlie inlet, 74

McCulloch, Dr., 200 Mackenzie river, 90, 92, 93, 99 McClintock, Admiral Sir F. L., 53, 96, 98, 101, 102, 206, 214, 223, 226 McClure, Sir R., 99, 102, 223, 226 McClure strait, 129 McCormick, Dr. R., 100 McCormick bay, 44 Macoun, Prof. J., 314 Macoun, J. M., 320 McTavish island, 242, 244 _Magna Britannia_, 76 Magnetic Pole, 93, 124 Magnetic iron ore, 198-201, 238 Maguire, Capt. Rochfort, 100 Manitoba, 186, 231 Mansfield island, 36, 37, 69, 77, 113, 187 Mansell island, 77 Marble island, 79, 84, 85 quartzites, 198, 199 Marine shells, 222 terraces, 189, 234-236 Markham, Commander, 107 Matty island, 213 Melville bay, 42, 88, 105 channel, 89 island, 89, 100, 114, 128, 223, 224, 236, 246 peninsula, 197, 211 Mesozoic, 116, 117, 130, 184, 188, 226 _Meta Incognita_, 73 Meteorological stations, 108, 285 Meteorology, Appen. I. Mica, 69, 83, 160, 201, 204, 236, 245, 252, 296 Middleton, Capt., 85, 86, 89 Mill islands, 67 Milne, Capt., 3, 59 Miocene, 188, 226, 227 Tertiary, 126, 128 Mission work, 9 Molybdenite, 198, 246 Montreal island, 98, 101 Monumental island, 13 Moodie, Major J. D., 3, 8, 25, 41, 70 _Moonshine_, 74 Moore, Capt. Thomas, 98 Moravian missionaries, 138, 139 Morton, William, 103 Mudflats, 11 Munck, Jens, 79, 235 Murray, Capt., 3, 68 Muscovy Company of London, 72, 75, 79 Musk oxen, 58, 126, 127, 128

Nachvak bay, 6 _Nancy Dawson_, 99 Nansen, 109 Nares, Capt. G., 106, 107, 109 Narwhals, 275, 276 Nastapoka islands— iron ores, 240, 254 Nastapoka river, 245 Nathorst, Prof., 220 Navigation— Hudson bay, 16-24, 35-37, 283-296 strait, 13-16, 37-40, 283-296 Lancaster sound, 50 Melville bay, 45 Ponds inlet, 57 Port Burwell to Cumberland gulf, 8-13 Port Burwell to Fullerton, 64-69 Port Leopold, 54 Smith sound, 44 Navy Board inlet, 120 Nechilliks, 135, 136, 138, 160, 164 Nelson river, 76, 84 _Neptune_, officers and crew, xvii. description, 3-5 mishap off Cape Herschel, 47 recall, 70 summer cruise, 35-70 winter quarters, 25-34 voyage north, 524 Netilling lake, 123 Newfoundland seal fishery, 291 Niagara, 211, 221 _Nimrod_, 251 Noble, Mr., 10, 11 Norman Lockyer island, 216 North Devon, 50, 51, 89, 114, 115, 127, 207, 208, 220, 222 North Pole, 126 North Omenak, native caches, 103 North Somerset island, 89, 114, 124, 205, 214 _North Star_, 99, 100 Northumberland island, 44 North-West Company, 87, 90, 92 grain fields, 283, 284 Passage, 75, 86, 88, 89 North-West Mounted Police, List of, xvii. Norton, Mr., 86, 87 Norway, 273 Norwegian expedition, 53, 129 Nottingham island, 113-119, 137, 190, 191 Nugumiut, 134, 136 Nuliayok, 167, 168, 169, 172 Nuvungmiut, 134 Nye Hernhut, 74 Observation stations, 108, 285 O’Connel, James, 29 Officers of _Neptune_, xvii. Okomingmiut, 134 Okommiut, 134 Ommaney, Capt., 99 Osborn, Lieut. Sherard, 100 Ouhowjawtil, 190

Padlimiut, 135, 160 Palaeozoic, 115, 116, 126, 184, 188, 221 Paleocrystic ice, 106 Parker Snow bay, 43 Parr, Lieut., 107 Parry, Sir W. E., 88-90, 129, 136, 190, 197, 211, 214, 224, 246 Parry cape, 44, 103 Parry islands, 114-116, 129, 184, 226, 246 Payer harbour, 45 Payne river, 193 Peabody, George, 103 Peary, Lieut. R. E., 45, 46, 109, 110, 113 expedition, 201 Peck, Rev. J., 3, 9, 62, 65, 137, 163 Peel sound, 101, 124 Pegmatite, 190, 192, 195 Penny, William, 99 _Perseverance_, 251 Perthite, 205 Petiwik glacier, 43 Philpot island, 50, 208 _Phœnix_, 100 Pilot, 57, 65 Pioneer, 100 Plants, 51, 60, Appen. III. _Plover_, 98, 100 _Polaris_, 104, 105, 230 Police, North-West Mounted, xvii. Ponds inlet, 57, 117, 121 Porphyry, 198 Porpoises, 274-276 Port Burwell, 6, 8, 38, 41, 64 Port de Boucherville, 191 Port Logan, 213 Port Leopold, 54-56 Post-Glacial, 184 Post-Tertiary, 229-234 Potter and Wrightington, Messrs, 12 Préfontaine, Hon. Raymond, 4 cape, 36 Pricket, Abacuk, 76 _Prince Albert_, 99, 100 Prince Arthur island, 100 Prince Henry, 77 Prince of Wales island, 114, 125, 205, 207, 214 Prince Patrick island, 114, 129, 226 Prince Regent inlet, 56, 120-124 Princess Royal island, 223, 230 Promise island, 21, 24 _Proteus_, 108, 109 Pukimma, 168 Pullen, Capt. W. J. S., 99, 100 Pyrite, 31, 190-204, 238

Quartzite, 198, 199 Quartz, smoky, 190 Queen Elizabeth, 72 foreland, 73

Radisson, 80, 81 Rae, Dr. John, 94, 98-99, 100, 102, 197, 213, 237, 251 Ranken inlet, 135 Red phalarope, 34 Reefs and shoals— Cyrus Field bay, 12, 13 Fox channel, 256 Fullerton, 26 Kendall cape, 34 Winchester inlet, 19 Regent inlet, 93, 100, 102 Rendalen, 217 Rensselaer bay, 103 Repulse bay, 68, 85, 89, 100, 105, 107, 138 _Reserve_, 99 _Resolute_, 99, 100 Resolution island, 13, 75, 95, 113, 118, 190, 191 Revillon Fur Co., 284, 296 Rhomb-spar, 198 Richardson, Sir John, 98, 101 Richardson, Dr., 90, 92 Right whale, 123, 246, 249 Ringed seal, 279 Robeson channel, 107 Rock crystal, 198 Rocky mountains, 92 Roes Welcome, 26, 33, 79 Ross, Capt. Sir James Clark, 93, 99, 213 Ross, Rear Admiral Sir John, 88, 90-93, 99 Ross, Mr., 30 Rosse bay, 47 Rupert river, 81 Ryswick, Treaty of, 83

Sabine cape, 45, 208 Sabine’s gull, 34 Saddle-back islands, 14 Sagdlingmiut, 138 Saguenay river, 82 St. Paul island, 6 Salisburies Foreland, 76 Salisbury island, 66, 113-119, 190, 191 Salmon, 59, 140 Salmon river, 203 Sandstone, 185, 193, 206-227 Saskatchewan river, 84, 87 Saunders, James, 99 Sausserite, 238 Scenery, 6, 41, 56, 57, 127, 202 Schel, P., 184, 186, 189, 214-226, 234, 235 Schuebert, C., 201 Scoresby, Capt., 88 Scott inlet, 121 Scotty, 21 Scroggs, John, 84 Scurvy, 107, 108 _Seaford_, 83 Seahorse point, 16, 17, 77 Seal river, 198 Seals, 44, 51, 149-152, 157, 278-280 Sedlingmiut, 134 Sedna, 167 Serpentine, 198 Shannuktungmiut, 135, 136 Shedden, Robert, 99 Sherard Osborne fiord, 107 Shoals. _See also_ ‘Reefs’— Cape Haven, 12 Chesterfield inlet, 21, 288 Hudson bay, 288 Wakeham bay, 64 Sikosilingmiut, 134, 137, 160 Sillimans Fossil Mount, 201, 212 Silurian, 115, 120-128, 187, 190, 201, 206, 210-221 Lower, 200, 216 Middle, 217, 220 Upper, 216, 217, 222 Silver, 237 Simpson, Thomas, 93, 94 Sinimiut, 136 Sir James Lancaster sound, 78 Sir Thomas Roes Welcome. _See_ ‘Roes Welcome.’ Skrabdalen, 218, 219 Slate, 228 Smith, Sir Thomas, 78 Smith sound, 88, 101-110, 185 Snow goose, 34 Snow-houses, 142-144 Soapstone, 144, 145 _Sophia_, 99 Southampton island, 16, 33, 34, 77, 79, 86, 113, 115, 119, 187, 190, 210, 211 fossils, 325, 331, 335 Sovereign Council of Quebec, 82 Specular iron, 193, 198 Spicer harbour, 137 Spring explorations, 30, 31 Stein expedition, 46 Stephenson, Capt., 106 Stewart, Rev., 139 Stewart, Alex., 99 _Strom_, 65 Sugluk bay, 66, 194 Sulphides, 194 _Sunshine_, 74 Surveys, 48, 51, 66, 92, 93, 94, 107, 195 Sutherland, Dr. P. C., 200, 207, 208 Sverdrup, Capt., 71, 110-113, 128, 214, 215 islands, 114, 116, 129, 184, 188 Swan, whistling, 34 Syenite, 191

_Talbot_, 100 Talus, 233 Taylor island, 244 Tern, Arctic, 34 _Terror_, 95, 96, 101 Tertiary, 116, 117, 184, 185, 226-229, 246, 247 Tides— Blacklead, 62, 63 Chesterfield inlet, 22 Cyrus Field bay, 13 Deception bay, 66 Hudson strait, 13, 40, 74 Wolstenholme cape, 67 Ungava bay, 7 Tom island, 18 Tourmaline, 198 Trading returns— Cumberland gulf, 63, 64, 68 Repulse bay, 68 Transition valley, 206 Trap, 185, 194-208 Tree limit, 135 Trees, 125, 126 Tremolite, 198 Trilobites, 216 Troyes, Chevalier, 83 Tunungmiut, 134 Tunurusungmiut, 134 Tyrrell, J. B., 31, 190, 198, 231, 232, 237, 238

Ungava bay—
fishery, 274
geology, 191-193
graphite, 245
iron ores, 239
tides, 7
United States expeditions, 102
mountains, 126
_United States_, 104
Upernivik, 42, 104, 108
Utrecht, Treaty of, 83, 84, 285

Vallière, Druillette de, 82 Van Hise, 243 Vaughan, Capt., 84 _Vega_, 225 Vegetation, 12, 33-37, 51, 52, 58, 60, 123, 128, 202, 227 Victoria island, 99, 114, 205, 213, 222 _Victory_, 92, 93 Vœux, Charles des, 97

Wager inlet, 85, 197, 237 Wakeham, Commander, 285 Wakeham bay, 64, 194 Walker cape, 89 Walrus, 44, 51, 58, 65, 78, 128 description of, 280-282 hunt, 14, 15 Walrus island, 18 Walsingham cape, 74, 75 Warwicks foreland, 74 Weggs cape, 14, 65 Wellington channel, 97, 100 Weymouth, George, 75 _Whalebone_, 84 Whales, 11, 124 general description of, 256-261 whalebone, 249, 260 Whaling, 248-278 statistics of catch, 272 of British fleet, 277 of American, 277, 278 stations, 8-12, 32, 58, 78, 136-138, 160, 271 Whale point, 32, 196, 232 river, 237 sound, 44 White sea, 284 Wittersted lake, 214 Winnipeg basin, 187, 188, 210 lake, 87 Winter island, 89 Winchester inlet, 19, 20, 31, 195, 196 Wind register, 43 _Windward_, 46, 55 Wollaston islands, 56 Wolstenholme, Sir John, 75 Wolstenholme cape, 66, 190, 192, 245 Wolstenholm island, 44 sound, 99

York cape, 42, 88, 104
Factory, 90, 94

Zircon, 198

TRANSCRIBER NOTES

Mis-spelled words and printer errors have been fixed.

Old style spellings for such words as _kyak_ and _iglo_ as well as older forms of geological and metallurgical terms have been left as is.

Inconsistency in hyphenation has been retained.

Illustrations have been relocated due to using a non-page layout.

Some photographs have been enhanced to be more legible.

Appendix I and IV were in landscape mode, and have been reformatted to be usable in this eBook form.

[The end of _Report on the Dominion Government Expedition to Hudson Bay and The Arctic Islands On Board the D. G. S. Neptune [The Cruise of the Neptune]_ by A. P. Low]