Chapter III: Part 3

Pelicanidæ.--Gannet. N.B. As we have indications of directions of flight in most cases, and as records occur in every month, except October, November, and December, I take spring and autumn together, and trace out the movements of Gannets with extra care. Stations reported from: Cape Wrath, Rhu Stoir, Butt of Lewis, Island Glass, Monach, Skerryvore, Lismore, Rhuvaal, Skervuile, Portpatrick, Mull of Galloway, Little Ross, Douglas Head. Earliest, Jan. 2nd; flying south (autumn ?), at Skervuile; one same day, flying north (?); latest, October; leave Cape Wrath in first week. Last minute record, Sept. 30th, at Lismore, flying south. The greatest movements or rushes as follows:--The first week in March they arrive in all weathers, all day, flying west till midday at Cape Wrath, and return after that till dusk. They are not seen after first week in October. "Great numbers" on April 12th at Mull of Galloway. Intermittent in May, except 5th, at Island Glass, when they were seen all day--about thirty-five in all--wind S.S.E. Between 20th and 30th, at Skervuile, flying in all directions, along with Gulls and sea-birds. In July flocks flying north, on 26th, at Cape Wrath, and continued to do so till end of August. Daily average about forty. Flying past all August; flying north on 13th at Portpatrick all day. Great rush flying north in thousands on 3rd, 4th, and 5th at Rhu Stoir. Small parties or flocks flying south on 5th at Skerryvore, and S.W. at Douglas on Aug. 26th. "Numbers" and "flocks" in September, flying south at Lismore, Skervuile, and Douglas. N.B.--I have been particular here in noting records, as I believe interest attaches especially in the connection of the migration of birds with that of fish.--J. A. H. B.[4]

[Footnote 4: For an essay on which subject I offered a prize at the late International Fisheries Exhibition in Edinburgh, which was not competed for.]

Ardeidæ.--Heron. Note.--"Large Black Cranes" are recorded as passing Rhuvaal on Feb. 12th and 16th, wind N. to S. clear; and mod. S.E. clear. I cannot learn what these are.--Autumn: At Monach, Rhuvaal, Douglas. Earliest Aug. 24th, at Rhuvaal; latest Nov. 18th, at Monach, when eighteen were seen--a rush?

Anatidæ.--Bernicle Goose (sp. ?). Spring: Large flock at Monach April 28th, flying N.W. Ditto ? at Stornoway, Ushenish, Lismore (three struck at latter station, two killed, one wounded), flying south. Latest May 3rd, at Ushenish (ten flying north). Autumn: Bernicle Goose (only record here) at Monach, Oct. 20th. "Wild Geese" at Cape Wrath, Rhu Stoir, Butt of Lewis, Ushenish, Kyleakin, Lamlash, Corsewall. Earliest Oct. 6th, at Rhu Stoir (seven ad. and one juv.); latest Dec. 4th, at Kyleakin (four flying east). Rushes inappreciable, equally distributed in small flocks during October (especially latter half) and November. Eider Duck. Spring: Butt of Lewis and Rhu Stoir on April 28th and June 23rd respectively. Autumn: At Butt of Lewis, Skerryvore, Dhuheartach. Earliest Sept. 11th, at Skerryvore; latest Nov. 12th, at Dhuheartach. Others on Oct. 10th at Butt of Lewis, &c. No rush apparent. Wild Duck. Spring: Lismore (in pairs), May 20th. Autumn: "Ducks" Nov. 2nd, at Rhuvaal (three dozen), and at Rhuvaal Dec. 7th (probably the same lot as on Nov. 2nd, q.v.) Sheldrake. Autumn: Only records at Douglas Head in August, flying S. on 21st, and flying S. on 27th. Wigeon. Autumn: At Monach only on Oct. 30th; remained till Nov. 7th, during which time unusual numbers occurred. Date of Nov. 7th strong S.S.E. to W.S.W. winds, gales, and heavy rain. Wild Swans. At Skervuile one Swan remained three days, arriving Feb. 6th, 1881.

Columbidæ.--Rock Dove. Only record: One sighted at Monach, and flew away again about midnight. Fresh east breeze and rain.

Rallidæ.--Corn Crake. Occurred first as follows:--Mull of Galloway, May 5th; Loch Ryan, 4th; Skervuile, 22nd; Kyleakin, 24th; Butt of Lewis, 28th; Rhu Stoir, June 20th.

Charadriadæ.--Golden Plover. Spring (or autumn ?), June 20th, at Rhu Stoir. Autumn: At Butt of Lewis, Rhuvaal, Rhinns of Islay, Turnberry, Corsewall. Earliest Aug. 16th; latest Dec. 30th, at Rhinns of Islay. Rush: Generally large migration at Corsewall on Sept. 17th. Green Plover. Spring: Only record May 10th (two seen) at Rhu Stoir. Autumn: At Butt of Lewis, Dhuheartach, Rhinns of Islay, Corsewall, and Portpatrick. Earliest Aug. 24th, at Dhuheartach; latest at Portpatrick on Dec. 4th (a flock flying N.W.). No appreciable rush.

Scolopacidæ.--Curlew. Spring: At Rhu Stoir, Stornoway, Island Glass, Rhuvaal, Little Ross. Earliest Feb. 5th, at Rhuvaal; latest June 19th, at Rhu Stoir and Little Ross (widely separated). No rush appreciable. Autumn: At Monach, Ushenish. Isle Ornsay, Sound of Mull, Lismore, McArthur's Head, Turnberry, Portpatrick, and Point of Ayr. Earliest at Portpatrick, Aug. 2nd: latest on Dec. 16th, at Point of Ayr. Pushes inappreciable, unless at Sound of Mull, sixteen flying S.E. (but hardly a rush). Snipe. Spring: May 18th, three seen at Island Glass. Autumn: At Island Glass and Loch Ryan. Earliest at Loch Ryan, Aug. 3rd; latest at Island Glass on Oct. 10th. Woodcock. Autumn: (Scarce); at Butt of Lewis, Skerryvore, Lismore. Earliest Oct. 28th, at Butt of Lewis. Whimbrel? At Skerryvore six "small Curlew" resting on rock. Note.--Whimbrels unusually scarce this year at Monach. Redshank. Spring: At Butt of Lewis, Skerryvore, and Rhuvaal. Earliest Feb. 5th (in a flock, so perhaps belong to autumn); March 6th, at Butt of Lewis. Autumn: At Rhuvaal, Sept. 12th and 17th. Sandpiper. Spring: June 27th, at Skerryvore. Autumn: At Skerryvore, Lismore, and Little Ross. Earliest Sept. 10th, at Skerryvore; latest Dec. 26th, at Little Ross. (This can hardly be Common Sandpiper so late.--J. A. H. B.).

Sterninæ.--Common and Arctic Terns. Spring: At Rhu Stoir, Stornoway, Monach, McArthur's Head, Skervuile, Rhinns of Islay, Little Ross. Earliest May 10th, at Rhinns of Islay; latest at Stornoway, June 8th (hereafter breeds). Autumn: At Monach (unusual numbers this year), Skervuile, Little Ross, and Douglas Head. Earliest July 8th, at Skervuile; latest at Little Ross on Sept. 2nd.

Larinæ.--Gulls: Black-backed, Herring, and Kittiwake. Spring: At numerous stations, Stornoway, Island Glass, Skervuile. Earliest May 24th, at Skervuile; latest at Stornoway, June 8th. N.B.--The movements of Gulls are most erratic and difficult to tabulate, and I prefer to hold them over at present. Skua. Occurred all summer on west coast of Lewis, as seen by reporter himself in June, frequented harbour of Carloway[5] in Lewis, and was seen inside of Rum. Uncommonly abundant at Island Glass, eight being seen in sight one day. Autumn: August, October; at Skervuile, Aug. 12th, 13th, and 14th; and at Sound of Mull on Oct. 12th and 13th, when some forty were seen; N.W. gale. Iceland Gull. Autumn: At Kyleakin on Nov. 29th and Dec. 20th, both flying S.W.

[Footnote 5: (i.e., Cairlobhaidh.)]

Procellariidæ.--Petrel. Autumn: Only at Lismore, Sept. 17th, S.S.E., haze and rain. Noted as rare at Lismore by Mr. Murray; indeed the first he has seen here in several years.

Pelecanidæ.--Scarts; Cormorants. Spring: Arrived at Cape Wrath to breed in March. Autumn: Flying N.W. on Oct. 18th past Stornoway; at Dhuheartach Nov. 10th; and Skervuile on Nov. 14th.

Alcidæ.--Records in every month, except February and December. Spring: Great numbers. Razorbills flying north on Jan. 7th, at Skervuile. Puffins seen at Butt of Lewis March 3rd. "Rock Birds" in April, all day, flying south at Ushenish, and arrive last week in April; breed first week in May. Hundreds of Puffins flying south on May 10th and 11th at Ushenish. "Auks" flying south at Skervuile. "Puffins" at Dhuheartach on 2nd and on 20th. Auks, Puffins, &c., at Ushenish, Skervuile. Earliest July 31st; latest Oct. 18th, 19th, and 20th, at Ushenish. Rush: Thousands at Ushenish, along with Gannets and Kittiwakes, feeding and flying south all day.

Great Northern Divers.--Spring: At Skerryvore, two seen in June. Autumn: At Sound of Mull two seen feeding, male and feeding; at same place, two on 10th.

General Remarks.

In 1879 there was scarcity of birds at many important stations, such as Butt of Lewis and Monach Island, Skerryvore and Dhuheartach. In that year westerly and N.W. winds prevailed. In 1880 larger numbers were noted. In that year easterly gales and winds prevailed all through the migratory season. In 1879 migrants were scarce at the more northerly stations, being compressed by the westerly winds more towards the south, but in 1880 they reached much further north, being expanded by the following easterly gales and winds, as we have seen in treating of the east coast of Scotland this year.

The stations visited by the largest numbers of birds are the Bell Rock and Isle of May, both being stations pretty far southward, and Pentland Skerries, a more northern station. We now find also that on the west coast the stations sending fullest numerical returns are also southerly stations, and for the most part are situated south of the Firth of Clyde. Both on east and west coasts all returns coming in from north of Firth of Clyde in west, and north of Firth of Tay in east, except Pentland Skerries, report scarcity of birds as compared with last season (1880), and after November birds were unusually scarce. Writing from North Ronaldshay Mr. Tulloch tells us that birds seldom come so far north during migration, but usually trend more towards the mainland. On the west coast, at Rhu Stoir, very few birds are reported after November in most seasons, and similar reports come from Island Glass and others of the more northerly stations. The great gales from W. and S.W. during November and December made all birds scarce at Monach Island, even Eider Ducks being unusually scarce. At Skerryvore birds never struck lanterns in flocks this year, but only in scattered instances. It will thus be seen that the migratory seasons of 1879 and 1881 most closely resemble each other, as regards our Scottish coasts, whilst that of 1880 was more abnormal, owing to the easterly winds prevailing.

It would almost appear that the great rush of migrants in September on the Bell Rock, and more noticeably on Isle of May, would also account for the collection of birds at stations on the west coast south of the Firth of Clyde, as the dates tally with each other on both coasts, to see which it is only necessary to compare between them under several of the species. I have also independent reports upon the large crowds of birds seen passing south over the Solway Firth at these dates, few of which appear to have been seen north of the Firth of Clyde.[6] Rushes have not been so large, yet they are indicated with tolerable precision by the returns. The extremely regular and open winter has no doubt much to do with this, the temperature in Great Britain having been higher than for many years previous. But these throbs or rushes being distinctly traceable is owing, on the other hand, I believe, to the prevailing wind fully as much as to the severity or non-severity of the weather. Rushes are normal phenomena in the West of Europe, because westerly or north-westerly or southwesterly winds usually prevail there. Regular or more dispersed movements of birds in the West of Europe are abnormal, because easterly winds are abnormal there. In 1880 we had a _spread-fan_ of migration, if I may so express it. In 1879 and 1881, in Scotland, we had a _closed-fan_ of migration. The natural result of the wide-spread fan is continuous streams of migration and no rushes; that of the closed-fan great throbs and rushes, for birds prefer to travel with a beam wind and wait for favourable winds, and do not often voluntarily start on their flight with a following wind. The occurrence of the white-spotted form of Blue-throated Warbler after a succession of tremendous S.E. gales, culminating in the dreadful hurricane of Oct. 14th, clearly shows, I think, that acts of voluntary migration do not take place in following winds. This Bluethroat was caught up and borne away, _nolens volens_, and our Mid-Atlantic notes in 1880 show similar abnormal results from prevalence of easterly gales. It is to be regretted that we have no returns this season from Mid-Atlantic, owing to Mr. Anderson's engagements in the Mediterranean. Even total absence or perfectly negative evidence of birds in Mid-Atlantic would have given us a valuable standpoint as compared with the great mortality of 1880.[7]

[Footnote 6: Mr. R. Service contributes the following:--"The severe gales retarded the migration of the shore birds during October to a great extent, causing them to "accumulate" in our district for several weeks. On October 12th I saw a twenty-acre field completely covered with Lapwings. At the same time, and for about a fortnight afterwards, the number of birds on the Solway banks was most extraordinary. The great majority of these were Bar-tailed Godwits, Oystercatchers, and Knots. Just outside the line of breakers opposite the rocks at Southerness Point, Scaups and Scoters were especially numerous, diving above the mussel beds. As they rose and fell on the crests of the heaving waves these birds formed many an interesting and beautiful group."]

[Footnote 7: I may mention here that I have made an endeavour to enlist the whaling captains of Dundee in our service, but have not yet learned whether it has been successful or not. I had copies of the British Association Abstract reprinted in a cheap form, and I sent a bundle to Dundee for distribution amongst the captains. Should Mr. Anderson yet give us any Mediterranean statistics, they can appear as an Appendix to our Report for 1882.]

The lines of migration indicated in my Report of Scotland for 1879 and 1880, and conclusions drawn from statistics of these two years, appear to me to be borne out by those of 1881, as regards the semicircular form of the migration, an account of which I have already given in our last report (_op. cit._, pp. 18, 19).

The subject of heights of lanterns and their colours as attractions for birds has not developed as yet any fresh facts, but, with the conviction that they will yet do so, I still retain the table of heights given. Actual experiment, however, would very likely very soon set this part of the subject at rest (vide General Remarks, East Coast of Scotland Report, 1880, pp. 19, 20). A light-vessel or two placed in an equally favourable position with, let us say, the Isle of May or the Bell Rock on the east coast, or at some point north of Tweed, would, I believe, soon show us whether the preponderance of records south of the Tweed is entirely due to old-established lines of migration, or to the number of light-vessels on the English coast, or partly to both. It would, I think, assist in proving or disproving theories of land-communications which have been advanced and disputed by previous writers. At present we cannot positively state from our present data whether an actual or only an apparent preponderance of birds pass south of the Tweed in autumn. It appears a little curious to find, however, a highway of migration by the Pentland Firth so much further north than the stations mentioned. Writing from North Ronaldshay Mr. Tulloch remarks upon the usual scarcity of birds there, and says "they keep more direct for the mainland"; and he remarks also upon the abundance of birds seen in September and November at Pentland Skerries, where he was lighthouse-keeper for four years. He remarks on the abundance of Mountain Thrushes, Blackbirds, Owls, Woodcocks, Wrens, Robins, and Titmice which occur there when the wind is from the east, and from which station I have a large numerical return this year. This at first sight appears to be a contradiction of what I have said about the bulk of the birds passing south of Bell Rock, but, be it noted, the prevailing winds at Pentland Skerries from August 23rd to September 12th were from points between north and south by east, but never by west, and thereafter, between September 14th and October 10th, they were prevailing south to south-west, but never west or north-west. From October 14th they backed to north-east, and easterly winds again prevailed here on till late in November. The isolated position of the lights at Pentland Skerries, combined with the local prevalence of easterly winds, is perhaps sufficient to account for the large mass of the records. At all events I think the Pentland Skerries returns are deserving, both now and in future, of special attention and study, and I look upon it as a particularly interesting station.

Isle of May stands this year at the head of the list for numerical returns, I having received seven full schedules from Mr. Agnew, principally referring to autumn migration. Next comes Bell Rock, but two out of three schedules refer to spring migration, of which more anon. Then Sumburgh Head and Pentland Skerries, about equal, but the latter rather the larger, both returning three filled schedules, principally autumn migration.[8]

[Footnote 8: Besides several more relating to 1882.]

Regarding the spring migration, the Bell Rock and the Isle of May have hitherto held their place as yielding the largest returns, and very considerable numerical returns are given for 1881. Now, Sandwich Terns pass every spring up north along the coast of Forfarshire, but shoot off from the land again, and do not breed upon much of the suitable lands they pass over. An occasional pair of birds do remain and breed, as is shown by the nesting of this species on Inch Mickery, in the Firth of Forth, this past season, and on a previous occasion at the same place. In the same way we know that Grey Plover, Knot, and Bar-tailed Godwit shoot off the land at Spurn Point, as they are obtained there in full breeding dress, but nowhere to the north of it in breeding plumage, except in isolated cases. The routes of spring migrants, while they are usually more direct than those of autumn migrants, are perhaps more difficult to trace, and our statistics as yet are far from perfect. Since the above remarks were penned I have a well-filled schedule from Isle of May relating to the spring migration of 1882, which, however, will be included in our next Report.

The extraordinarily large migration of raptorial birds is worth a remark here, and it is interesting to find with what regularity and precision such foreign species as the Rough-legged Buzzard recur year after year along certain very clearly defined lines, records of captures constantly indicating this.

It will be seen that the results of our statistics on the Scottish coasts show a "closed-fan" of migration, owing to prevalence of westerly winds, except at Pentland Skerries, where local easterly winds blew at the times of migration in September and November, and on the Scottish coast, from Bell Rock and southward, we had the greatest rushes, whilst further south, on the English coasts, there was an "open-fan" of migration, owing to a prevalence of east winds.

WEST COAST OF ENGLAND.

Schedules, &c., were forwarded to forty lighthouses and light-vessels on the west coast of England; from twenty-four returns have been received. The absence of returns is in some cases due to accident, _e. g._, at Caernarvon L.V., Mr. Bowen, the keeper, had been disabled with a broken rib, the result of a fall on board in a gale of wind, and there had been several changes of mates within a short period. In part, absence of reports is accounted for by the situation of the station--_e. g._, at Nash are two lighthouses, and from the western one, Mr. Richards, who last year supplied us with a well-filled schedule, having retired from the service, his successor objected to continue the work on the ground that it is so near to Nash E. On Lundy Island also are two stations close to each other, and last year the two reports therefrom were almost identical in every particular instance. Menai is reported as being out of the track of birds migrating, as also St. Bees. Still we should be glad to hear from these and the other stations that have not reported, and hope that next year all will send in returns, however slight, as "every little helps." Special thanks are due to those who have reported; they have given themselves considerable trouble, which will, however, not be thrown away; and the novelty and interesting nature of the work may in some degree perhaps compensate them for their pains. Mr. Baker writes, from Milford, "It would be a great help if a book could be supplied to different reporters, with a print of the different birds in it." If funds can be raised, we hope in time to & able to supply this want.

To Mr. Thompson we are indebted for a report from a new station, Allonby, on Solway Firth, which promises to be a good one, and which--being the northernmost on this coast--now heads our list.

The numbers of the stations differ from those of last year's report, beginning at 121 instead of 110 (the last included in Report of West Coast of Scotland being 120). The following is the list, those from which returns have been received being marked with an asterisk (*):--

121. *Allonby, L.H. C. Donald Thompson.
122. *St. Bees, L.H.; the tower 55 feet high, on cliffs estimated at
300 to 350 feet. R. E. Pizey.
123. *Morecambe Bay, L.V.; centre of light above sea-level, 36 feet.
Henry Clavell, P. K.; Dl. Kneale, mate.
124. *Air, L.H. C. H. Aveston.
125. *Menai, L.H. Joseph Steer, P. K.
126. *Skerries, L.H. J. Garrett, P. K.; H. Knott.
127. *Holyhead Breakwater, L.H. R. Prichard.
128. North Stack, Fog Horn Station. John Harvey, gunner.
129. *South Stack, L.H. W. E. Burgess.
130. Caernarvon Bay, L.V.; centre of light above sea-level, 37 feet.
W. Bowen.
131. *St. Tudwal's, L.H. W. Davies.
132. *Bardsey, L.H. Thomas Bowen.
133. Cardigan Bay, L.V.
134. *Bull Point, L.H.; centre of light above high water level, 154
feet. George Knott.
135. South Bishop, L.H. John White.
136. Smalls, L.H. W. Boulton.
137. *Great Castle Head, L.H. W. S. Spicer.
138. *Milford (Low), L.H. Fixed, white; centre of light from ground,
26 feet; Headland 150 feet from sea-level. (Syren fog horn
5 seconds every 3 minutes during fog, snow, or thick
weather, about equidistant from each light). G. Baker.
139. Milford (High), L.H. Fixed, white, showing red at entrance to
harbour. G. Baker.
(These two are looked upon as one station).
140. Caldy, L.H. Centre of light above sea-level, about 250 feet.
W. Ebben, P. K.
141. Helwick, L.V. Thomas Cornell, mate.
142. Scarweather, L.V. Henry Jenkins.
143. Nash (Low or W.), L.H.--Wilson.
144. *Nash (High or E.), L.H. Three lights: 1, upper, white, fixed,
visible 19 miles; 2, fixed, red, shown from a window
below lantern, shown N. of N.W. 1/4 W., which bearing
will lead 1/4 mile S. of Breaksea Buoy; 3, a ray of red
shown from a window below Breaksea light, extending
over an arc between S.S.E. 3/4 E. and S.E. 3/4 S., about
2-1/2 cables southward of Tuskar Buoy. H. T. Nicholas.
145. Breaksea, L.V.
146. *Flatholm, L.H. W. Dale, P. K.
147. *Usk, L.H. Centre of light above sea-level, about 50 feet. Amos
Russell.
148. Avon, L.H. William Taylor.
149. *Burnham, L.H. About 100 feet above sea-level. William Lewis.
150. *Bideford, L.H. Low light, white, centre above sea-level 48 feet;
Upper light white, centre above sea-level 96 feet. Edwd.
Roberts.
151. Lundy Fog Gun Station. John Morgan.
152. *Lundy, L.H. Upper light revolving, powerful white, about 540
feet above sea-level. James Parsons.
153. *Hartland Point, L.H. John Griffiths.
154. Trevose Head, L.H. Fixed, white; upper 180 feet and lower
120 feet above sea-level. W. Bowen.
155. *Godrevy, L.H. Richard Trahair.
156. *Longships, L.H. Red towards shore; lantern 110 feet above
high-water mark. William Jones, P. K.
157. Sevenstones, L.V. Daniel Norton.
158. Wolfrock, L.H. W. D. Crask.
159. *Scilly, L.H. White, 150 feet above sea-level. E. L. Davis.
160. Bishop Rock, L.H.

In the above list particulars of colour and height of lights, &c., are given where omitted from list of last year or where there have been alterations. Notes on the spring migration, being but few, have not been drawn up in a distinct report. Next year it is hoped that these may be much fuller and more general.

Altogether about sixty-two species have been noticed on this coast-line, including about fourteen species of Gulls and Water-birds.

To the various observers, and to the Trinity Superintendents, Mr. Davison, Mr. Evans, and Mr. Tregarthen, our thanks are given for their continued interest and kind assistance.

SEPARATE REPORT ON EACH SPECIES.

Song Thrush, _Tardus musicus_, Linn.; Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris, Linn.--Spring: At Scilly, from Jan. 13th to 25th, large flocks of Thrushes, Fieldfares, Larks, and Starlings remained during the snow. At Godrevy, on 14th, a great number of Thrushes, Starlings, and Lapwings from noon to 4 p.m., fresh E.S.E. breeze, frost and snow. At Air (River Dee), on March 30th, a Common Thrush was seen, at 9 a.m., light N.W. breeze, mist.--Autumn: Earliest date recorded Oct. 24th, when one killed at Godrevy, 1.30 a.m., mod. S.S.E. breeze, mist and rain; latest notice Dec. 24th, at Skerries, one killed, 3 a.m., strong S.S.W. breeze, misty.

Redwing, _Turdus iliacus_, Linn.--Separately noticed at Godrevy only, namely, Nov. 4th, at 3.30 a.m., one killed, fresh S.W. by S. breeze, mist and rain. On Nov. 13th, one killed, 6.10 p.m., fresh S.S.W. breeze, fog. On 22nd, at 2 p.m., one struck, fresh W.S.W. gale, squally and misty.

Blackbird, _Turdus merula_, Linn.--Autumn: First notice Sept. 28th, at Morecambe Bay, "one cock Blackbird in the vicinity." Through October the notices are more frequent and general. At Skerries, South Stack, and at Bull Point, on 25th and 26th, several struck and some were killed. At Bull Point, Oct. 31st, "a female" struck against the W. side of the lantern, 1.40 a.m., light S.E. breeze, cloudy, misty. The only stations reporting occurrences in November are Allonby, where through the month "a good many were about the hedgerows"; and one instance at Morecambe Bay (where none were seen in October), _viz._ on 4th, "a young female in vicinity." The next and last notice is Godrevy, where on Dec. 25th, at 6 a.m., one struck, gentle S.W. breeze, clear.

Wheatear, _Saxicola œnanthe_, Linn.--On Sept. 23rd, at South Stack, between 12 and 2 a.m., several struck and one was killed, light S.E. gloomy, misty. This is the only instance given.

Redbreast, _Erithacus rubecula_, Linn.--Spring: At Great Castle Head, on Jan. 20th, also on Feb. 1st, 4th, and 24th, "two or three Robins and Sparrows" were noticed about 7 a.m., mod. S.S.E., E.S.E., S.W., and N. breezes respectively. On March 1st, at 9 a.m., two Robins and two Magpies, fresh N.W. breeze, gloomy and showery, with snow. Autumn: On Oct. 28th, at Morecambe Bay, "a female Redbreast" in vicinity, 10 a.m., mod. N.N.E. breeze.

Nightingale, _Daulias luscinia_, Linn.--Spring: On April 22nd, at Burnham, "heard at 5 a.m. for first time, being one day later than last year, and in the very same spot."--W. Lewis, P. K.

Goldcrest, _Regulus cristatus_, Koch; Chiffchaff, _Phylloscopus collybita_, Vieill.--Spring: On May 2nd, at Nash E., 200 Chiffchaffs were counted from 1 a.m. to sunrise, light E. air, haze; 196 were killed. Autumn: On Oct. 26th, at South Stack, a few Goldcrests from 12 to 4 a.m., one killed, gentle E. breeze. The same day, at Morecambe Bay, one (cock) Goldcrest flew on board, struck the deck-house and fell on deck, but was not killed; and at Nash, the same day, 12 to 18 Chiffchaffs passed at 4 a.m., and 6 were killed, light E.N.E. breeze, rain. On Dec. 31st, at 3 a.m., one Goldcrest struck at South Stack, light S.W. breeze, cloudy. From Flatholm, Mr. Dale reports "Gold crested Wrens and Chiffchaffs not so numerous as usual in the autumn." Taking the whole family of the Turdidæ, the chief movement as observed on the west coast occurred the latter end of October: this, we find, agrees with a general movement of the family noticed on both coasts of Scotland, and also a rush from E. to W. observed on the English east coast. On Oct. 14th was "a whole gale" from the E., after which the winds continued E. and S.E. to the end of the month--the force when noted ranging from 2 to 7. With the exception of the Redwing, and excepting the note of Blackbirds and of Robins seen at Allonby, there has scarcely been an instance recorded of any of the family seen throughout November. There is an absolute absence of Fieldfares, and the scarcity of the family generally is remarked on from many stations. Thus, from Allonby, Mr. Thompson writes (Nov., 1881), "No Fieldfares seen in this part, which is very unusual." At Skerries, of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Fieldfares, &c., "very few are now seen." At Lundy, "till January," Mr. Parsons writes, "we had no birds on the islands, only now and then a Blackbird or Thrush." At Usk, Blackbird and Thrush seen occasionally. And from Nash E., Mr. Nicholas, P.K., writes in October, "Blackbirds and Thrushes have been very scarce since the gale and snowstorm of Jan. 18th last," and "not one Thrush has been seen here since January." Note:--At Bardsey, however, Mr. Bowen says of Blackbirds, Grey-birds (?), Jackdaws, House and _Common (?)_ Sparrows, and Starlings, that they are resident. Does this mean that they are seen all the year round; even so, is there no increase and decrease in the number noticeable, and if so, when? Are _Grey_-birds the Grey-backed Crows? What is the difference between "House" and "Common" Sparrow? Does the latter mean the Hedgesparrow, or is one the Tree Sparrow? If there be any doubt, a specimen, or the skin, head, or wings sent through the post would serve to identify the species.

Wren, _Troglodytes parvulus_, Koch.--Autumn: First notice Sept. 4th, at Skerries, at 2 a.m., several struck the glass and remained till daybreak, light S.S.W. breeze, hazy. On 24th, at South Stack, a few struck between 9 and 10 p.m., W.N.W., fog. And on Sept. 30th, at Bull Point, one struck N.E. side of the lantern, with a mod. S.S.E. breeze, hazy (not a following wind). On Oct. 23rd, at Skerries, Wrens with Linnets were flying about all day; and--the latest notice--on 26th, one passed Morecambe Bay L.V. at sunrise, flying N.

Wagtail, _Motacilla (?)_.--Spring: On Feb. 10th, at Great Castle Head, four Dishwashers at 5 a.m., strong S.S.W. breeze, showery and foggy.--Autumn: The first notice at Nash E., on Aug. 21st, "thirty to forty Wagtails passed S.W.," 6 a.m., mod. S.S.E. breeze, very clear. They are not again noticed till Sept. 8th, at Bull Point, when about two dozen "Dishwashers and Linnets" passed inland, 6 a.m., S.S.W., calm, clear. On the 19th, at Morecambe Bay, three Wagtails flying S.W., 7.30 a.m., gentle N.W. breeze; and on the 25th, "one" flying about the ship in the forenoon. On Oct. 5th, one flying S. by E., mod. N.E. by N. breeze; and on 7th, one flying N.W., light S.S.W. breeze. This is the last recorded, except at Allonby, where, Mr. Thompson writes on 20th, "Wagtails are common in these parts."

Meadow Pipit, _Anthus pratensis_, Linn.--Autumn: First notice Aug. 25th, at Nash, "eight Titlarks passed S.," strong S.W. breeze, rain. At Morecambe Bay, Sept. 25th, light N.W. breeze, some passed S.S.E. On 27th, "one or two at a time going N.N.W., W., and S.W.," a gentle N.W. by N. breeze; and on 28th, going S.W., light S. by E. breeze. Till Oct. 25th are constant notices of small flocks passing, their general direction being S.W. and S.: wind ranging from calm to mod. gale, but generally (when instances noted) not strong; till 8th easterly, then till 16th W. prevailing; after which E., with more or less of N. Time of records for the most part, the forenoon. At Longships, on Oct. 28th, one fluttered about the lantern at midnight, fresh N. to N.W. breeze, drizzly. This is the last notice till Nov. 29th, when at Morecambe Bay L.V. Titlarks were seen at 7.40 a.m., flying N.E., mod. N.W. by W. breeze.

Rock Pipit, _Anthus obscurus_, Lath.--At St. Tudwal's, in Jan., 1882, "two pairs of Sea Larks" are reported, with the note, "they remain here for the winter" (Is the Rock Pipit meant by Sea Lark? If a specimen were procured and sent by post it might easily be identified; or is it the Ringed Dotterel?).

Swallow, _Hirundo rustica_, Linn.--Autumn: First notice at Skerries, Aug. 14th, "two land-swallows flying about the island this morning." Next notice Sept. 3rd and 4th, at Milford, "a considerable quantity"; and on 10th Sept., at Bideford, "hundreds flying round and lighting on lantern," 5 p.m., calm E., fine, misty. On 18th and 25th several were seen from Skerries and from Morecambe Bay, flying S. and S.S.E: and on Oct. 2nd and 3rd some passed Morecambe Bay, flying S.E. by S., and S. On 7th, five were seen at Godrevy, 12.15 p.m.; and on 19th, at Bull Point, "a large flock passed, flying E.," strong E.S.E. breeze, this being the latest instance recorded.

Martin, _Chelidon urbica_, Linn.--Autumn: Sept. 24th, at Skerries, several were seen flying about the island with Swallows during the afternoon. From Flatholm Mr. Dale writes, "about the middle of September there was an unusually large quantity of Martins for a few days."

Greenfinch, _Ligurinus chloris_, Linn.; Yellowhammer, _Emberiza citrinella_, Linn.--Noticed only at Allonby, where, Oct. 20th, Green Linnets and Yellowhammers were seen in mixed flocks.

Sparrow, _Passer domesticus_, Linn.; _P. montanus_, Linn.--Spring: On Jan. 12th, at North Stack, "a flock of Mountain Sparrows" flying S.W., strong N.E. breeze, snow. At Great Castle Head, on 30th, "Sparrows with Robins"; and the notices are continuous throughout February (on 14th with "Ravens"). In March, 4th and 10th, "Sparrows with Robins." On 31st, "a flight of Sparrows." The time of the observations mostly between 6 and 8 a.m.; the weather invariably gloomy or foggy; breeze gentle to strong, and southerly, except on 24th N., and on 31st E.N.E.; the direction of flight not noted. Autumn: Sept. 11th, at Nash, "large flocks of Common Sparrows passed S.W.," light N.E. breeze. On 12th, "twenty" in same direction, light N., misty. At Bardsey, House and Common Sparrow (?) reported "resident all the year round."

Chaffinch, _Fringilla cœlebs_, Linn.--Autumn: Sept. 6th, at Nash, "fifteen to twenty Chaffinches struck at midnight, four killed," mod. E. breeze, rain. On Oct. 17th, at Morecambe Bay, one, flying W.N.W., mod. S. breeze; and on 19th, one, flying S.E., mod. S.E. gale.

Linnet, _Linota cannabina_, Linn.--Autumn: First notice at Nash, Sept. 7th, "a large flock of Linnets passed W. at 9 p.m.," fresh E.S.E. breeze, mist. On 8th, at Bull Point, "about two dozen Linnets and Dishwashers," 6 a.m., passing inland, S.S.W., calm, clear. On 25th, at Skerries, "many Linnets and Wrens all night striking the light," only a few killed, mod. W.S.W. breeze, misty. On 27th, at South Stack, "about fifty Linnets" passed W.N.W. at 7 a.m., gentle N.N.W. breeze, fine and clear. From this station flocks were observed till Oct. 16th passing N.W. or W.N.W., with light S.E. wind. At Skerries they were again noticed between Oct. 17th and 27th, generally with Larks, once with Blackbirds also, and once "Linnets and Wrens"; wind on every occasion S.E. or E.S.E., light breeze to fresh gale. On 24th and 25th, fresh E.S.E. gale, "Linnets, Larks, and Blackbirds passed all night, many striking, and a few being killed." On Oct. 16th, at Milford, "a considerable number passed." At Godrevy, Nov. 7th, one struck, light S.S.W. breeze, clear. The latest is reported from Milford, Nov. 23rd, "a considerable number with Larks have been about the land here the last few days," fresh breeze to mod. gale S.S.W. to W., "which prevented their going farther."

Bullfinch, _Pyrrhula europæ_ (Vieill.).--Oct. 28th at Morecambe Bay, a female noticed at 2 p.m., mod. N.N.E. breeze.

Sky Lark, _Alauda arvensis_, Linn.--Spring: From Jan. 13th to 25th, "Sky Larks seen at Lundy and at Scilly." On 11th, "a quantity" arrived with Plovers and Starlings at Milford, and remained all day. On 12th and 13th, at South Stack, "continuous flocks of Larks and Starlings passed," fresh N.E. breeze, snow. Autumn: Sept. 24th, "a flock of Sky Larks" passed S.E., 3 p.m., mod. S.E. breeze, mist. On 25th, at Morecambe Bay, "three," and on 27th, at same hour, 10 a.m., "two passed" N.E., gentle N.W. by N. breeze. On 29th, at Nash, "a few Larks with Starlings" passed at noon, gentle E.N.E. breeze, mist. At Morecambe, Oct. 5th, one passed S., mod. E. by S. breeze. On 16th, three passed W.S.W., light N.N.E. breeze. At Skerries, throughout October, notices of passing chiefly at night, striking, and some killed; wind mod. S.E. to E.S.E. On 16th, at South Stack, "a flock of Larks accompanying a flock of Linnets" passed W.N.W., light S.E. air. On 21st, at Milford, a flight passed inland, 1 p.m., E.S.E. clear (the following night there was a fresh gale). In November, at Morecambe, on 4th, "a female"; and at Milford, 23rd, "a considerable number with Linnets been about the last few days," S.S.W. to W. fresh breeze to mod. gale. On Dec. 2nd, at Morecambe, "a male Sky Lark came on board and was caught," 7.45 a.m., mod. S.W. breeze, gloomy, misty. At Skerries, on 22nd, "a few Larks" struck from 10 to 11 p.m., one being killed, gentle E.N.E. breeze.

Starling, _Sturnus vulgaris_, Linn.--Spring: At South Stack, Jan. 12th and 13th, Starlings and Larks. On 14th, at Godrevy, "a great number with Thrushes and Lapwings" from noon to 4 p.m., fresh E.S.E. breeze, frost and snow. At Scilly, 13th to 25th, "large flocks with Larks and Fieldfares." On 7th several at Nash, and on 16th "flocks" passing N.W., light air, misty. On Feb. 16th, at Great Castle Head, "six were seen with Ravens," 4 p.m., mod. S.S.E. breeze, rain; and at Scilly, on 22nd, with Lapwings, Plovers, and Curlews, 9 a.m., strong E.N.E. breeze. Autumn: First notice at Nash, Aug. 13th, "a small flock" passed S.W., 9 a.m., gentle W. breeze, fog; so also on 19th, mod. E. breeze, mist. On Sept. 24th "a small flock" passed S.E., mod. S.E. breeze, mist, rain. On 29th, "twenty-four Starlings and a few Larks" passed S.W. at noon, gentle E.N.E. breeze, mist. At Morecambe, Sept. 27th, at 11.50 p.m., "two going W. and chirping loud," light W. air. On Oct. 1st, at Scilly, "flocks flying about in the morning," mod. S.E. breeze. On 13th, at South Stack, 7.30 a.m., "a very large flock rushed on the island," fresh N.N.W. breeze; they passed to E.; on 17th a few passed, two struck, but were not killed. On 19th, at Morecambe, one going S.S.E. at 8 a.m., and at 3.23 p.m. three going S.E., mod. S.E. gale. On 25th, one going E., mod. E. breeze. At Nash, on 21st, fifty to sixty passed, 4 a.m., fresh E.S.E. breeze, mist, rain (11 killed); and on 27th, at about the same hour, 100 to 150 passed to S.W., 10 to 20 struck, 4 killed, mod. E.N.E. breeze. At Bideford, throughout October, hundreds seen often in the morning, flying past from N.W. to E., to feed on Branston Burrows. In November, at South Stack, on 12th, flocks passed S., about fifty rested on the island, 8 a.m., mod. S.W. breeze, fine, clear. On 15th, at Morecambe, a flock at 10.55 a.m. passed, flying E.S.E., fresh S. breeze, mist, rain. At Nash, the same day and hour, 200 to 300 passed S.W., fresh S. breeze, mist (one white Starling among them); on 24th, twelve to eighteen passed at 8 a.m., strong S.W. breeze, clear. On Dec. 14th, 300 passed S.W. at noon, mod. S.W. breeze, mist, rain; and constant occurrences are noted at this station up to Feb. 7th, 1882. On Dec. 23rd a large flock passed to E., 8.30 a.m., calm; and on 31st, at same hour, a large flock passed to S.E., gentle S.S.E. breeze, fine and clear. On Jan. 16th, 1882, at 7.50 p.m., some struck the lantern, strong S. breeze, misty. At Skerries, on 17th, a great many passed all night, fifteen killed, strong S.W. breeze, mist; and at sunrise large flocks flying towards the land. On 20th, at Hartland Point, one struck, 9 p.m., calm. From Flatholm they are reported to have been very scarce.

Magpie, _Pica rustica_, Scop.--On March 1st, Great Castle Head, two Magpies and three Robins seen, 9 a.m., mod. N.W. breeze, gloomy, showery.

Jackdaw, _Corvus monedula_, Linn.--Autumn: In October it is reported from Allonby that a number of Jackdaws frequent these parts. On Oct. 25th, at Morecambe L.V., one seen at noon going S. by W., lighted on mizen-mast a moment, and then flew away very tired, strong E. breeze, clear.

Crow, _Corvus cornix_, Linn.; Chough, _Pyrrhocorax graculus_, Linn.--Spring: Feb. 18th, at Great Castle Head, "four Muscle Crows," 5 a.m., mod. to fresh E. breeze. On 22nd, at 7 a.m., six, E.N.E. On March 22nd, at 8 a.m., four Crows with two Ravens, strong breeze W.S.W. to mod. gale; and on 26th, four Crows. Autumn: Sept. 13th, at Nash, a small flock of Choughs passed S.W. at 3 p.m., gentle N.N.W. breeze, clear. At Morecambe, Sept. 28th, one Crow in vicinity, 11.20 a.m., gentle S. breeze, slight fog. On Oct. 13th, at Nash, a very large flock of Crows and Gulls seen inland from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., mod. W. breeze, very clear; and on Dec. 14th, 40 Crows (with 300 Starlings) at noon, mod. S.W. breeze. On Jan. 20th, 100 with Gulls passed S.W., 11 a.m. (Would some of these notices refer to Rooks?)

Rook, _Corvus frugilegus_, Linn.--Nov. 6th, at Allonby, a great many Rooks coming from N., flying S., strong S.W. breeze.

Raven, _Corvus corax_, Linn.--Spring: At Great Castle Head, Feb. 14th, two with Sparrows, 4 p.m., strong S. breeze, showers. On 15th, two with Starlings at same hour, mod. S.S.E. breeze. On March 22nd, two, and four Crows, 8 a.m., strong W.S.W. breeze, showers.

Cuckoo, _Cuculus canorus_, Linn.--Spring: At Air (River Dee), on April 10th, a male and female seen, 4.30 p.m., mod. S.S.E. breeze, clear. On 19th, at Burnham, Cuckoo heard, weather very cold. At Nash, on 15th, eleven Cuckoos passed N.W. from 1 to 3 p.m., calm, mist. On 16th, five passed N.W. from 8 to 9 a.m., light E.S.E. air, mist. On May 4th, four passed S.W. at 9 a.m., gentle E.S.E. breeze, mist, rain.

Falcon, _Falco peregrinus_ (Tunstall).--At Morecambe L.V., Nov. 21st, 3.30 p.m., a Falcon Hawk fell in the water close to the L.V., very tired, was drowned. At Hartland Point, Jan. 24th, 1882, a very large Hawk seen at a distance, 3.30 p.m., calm and clear.

Cormorant, _Phalacrocorax carbo_, Linn.--At Skerries, from May to September, Cormorants and Curlews seen occasionally. At Bideford, in September, a few Shags. At Morecambe, Oct. 9th, one Cormorant going W., 2.15 p.m., strong N.W. breeze, about through the day.

Gannet, _Sula bassana_, Linn.--Spring: At Holyhead, April 29th, four crossed, 1 p.m., flying from E. to W., mod. S.W. gale. Autumn: At Skerries, Sept. 11th, several at sunrise flying W. at a great height, mod. N.E., clear. At Morecambe, Oct. 7th, 7 a.m., one going S.; and on 8th, one going E. On 9th a good many, and on 10th a few were seen. At Hartland Point, Nov. 20th, several flying to and fro (and during the whole of the month).

Heron, _Ardea cinerea_, Linn.--At Skerries, Sept. 8th, one alighted close to the lighthouse, 6 p.m., calm and fine. At Allonby, Oct. 20th, several observed at 11 a.m. coming from the north, flying S., fresh N.E. breeze, clear.

Goose, _Anser (?)_--Spring: At Nash E., passing W. in January. At Sevenstones, on 11th, several flocks passed, flying W.; and at Scilly on 25th, three were seen. On Dec. 13th, at Hartland Point, Geese in flights going E., and on 23rd several birds going in same direction. On Jan. 17th, 1882, several (single birds, not in flights) during the morning flying W. These are all the instances noted.

Sheldrake, _Tadorna cornuta_, Gmel.--March 29th, at Air (River Dee), forty-one pairs at sunrise, gentle W.N.W. breeze. Oct. 17th, at Allonby, two flying S., 8 p.m., mod. S.E. breeze.

Duck, _Anas boschas_, Linn.; _Mareca penelope_, L.; _Œdemia(?)_; _Querquedula crecca_, Linn.--Spring: At Godrevy, on Jan. 6th, a flock of Ducks and a Mallard flying W. On 13th and 14th, at Nash, flocks of Wild Ducks flying W. On 26th, at St. Tudwal's, "Ducks." On March 18th, Bardsey, three Ducks and one Drake Wigeon, at 1.30 a.m., mod. S.S.W. breeze, sleet. Autumn: First notice Sept. 1st, at Holyhead, large flocks of Wild Ducks in bay, 11.30 a.m., fresh N.E. breeze, clear. At Godrevy, on 15th, four "Black Ducks" (? Scoters), 1.30 p.m., mod. N. by E. breeze, clear. At Morecambe, on 14th and 15th, at 7 a.m., Wild Ducks flying S.S.W., light W. breeze, clear. During the first two weeks of October Wild Ducks are reported as passing towards the S.W., S.E., and S., the greatest number on the 9th; and on 19th and 24th, Black Ducks going S.E. or S.S.W. At Scilly, on 18th, three Wild Ducks, strong S.E. breeze. At Nash, on 21st, four Wild Ducks (Black Ducks) at 3.30 a.m. struck, one killed, strong E.S.E. breeze. On 26th, at Allonby, five Grey Ducks at 1.30 p.m., strong E. breeze, clear. In November Black Ducks and Wild Ducks were noticed from Morecambe Bay, Godrevy, and Air, passing to S. or E. At Godrevy, Dec. 14th, at 8.30 p.m., one Wild Duck was killed, fresh N. breeze, clear; and at Air, to Dec. 9th, flocks of Wild Ducks passed inland about sunset. At Morecambe, on Dec. 2nd, some were seen flying S.W.; and from Dec. 2nd to 11th Wild Ducks in numbers--from one and two to thirteen--passed, flying N.W., N.N.W. (and once W.N.W., with strong W.N.W. breeze), wind S.S.W. or mod. S.S.E., generally mist or rain. Time of observation varying from 8.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m. On 27th one passed, flying S., gentle N.W. breeze. At Nash, on 20th, fifteen Ducks passed at midnight, two struck (not killed). On 29th, forty to fifty passed S. at 3.20 p.m., light S.W. breeze, fog; on same day, at 3.30 a.m., 100 to 150 Teal passed S.W. On 31st, four Ducks passed S.W. at 4 a.m., strong S.W. breeze, clear. On Jan. 24th about 200 seen close to the cliffs all day.

Wood Pigeon, _Columba palumbus_, Linn.--On June 22nd, at Nash, two Wood Pigeons struck (one killed), 2 a.m., mod. W. breeze. At Skerries, Aug. --, two Pigeons seen in the afternoon, remained some time. On Oct. 21st, at Nash, at 4 p.m., one killed, fresh E.S.E. breeze. On Nov. 30th, at Allonby, flocks of Wood Pigeons coming from E., flying W., strong S.W. breeze, cloudy.

Landrail, _Crex pratensis_, Bechst.--At Nash, June 19th, one killed at 1 a.m., light N. air, fog; again on Oct. 29th, one killed, 3.50 a.m., light E.N.E. breeze, mist.

Golden Plover, _Charadrius pluvialis_, Linn.--Spring: At Nash, between Jan. 3rd and 11th, flocks of Plovers, Peewits, and Starlings passed W. or N.W. At Bardsey, Feb. 11th, flocks of four and five Golden Plovers were flying about the island in the daytime, mod. N.E. gale, sleet. Autumn: Sept. 19th, at Skerries, two remained till evening. At Allonby, Oct. 20th, Golden Plovers in flocks. At Nash, Dec. 10th, fifty to sixty Plovers passed W. at 2 p.m., light N.E. breeze, mist. In January, 1882, at St. Tudwal's, two alighted on the island to rest, one flew away with difficulty to W., mod. W. gale. On 7th, at Nash, three Plovers killed, 4 a.m., strong N. breeze, showers of hail.

Grey Plover, _Squatarola helvetica_, Linn.--At Allonby, Nov. 7th, three Grey Plovers seen, one shot, strong S.W. breeze.

Ring Plover, _Ægialitis hiaticula_, Linn.--At Air, March 29th, forty Ring Plovers at noon, gentle W.N.W. breeze, clear.

Dotterel.--At Bideford, in September, hundreds. (Would this be the Ringed Dotterel?).

Lapwing, _Vanellus vulgaris_, Bechst.--Spring: At Nash, Jan. 3rd, large flocks passed W., and on 6th N.W., mod. E. breeze. On 10th, Plovers and Peewits passed S.W., gentle N.E. breeze; and on 11th, flocks (with Starlings) passed N.W., light breeze, mist. At Scilly, Jan. 10th, 13th, and 25th, large flocks of Lapwings and Plovers, mod. E. and N.N.E. breezes. At Sevenstones, on 11th, large flocks flying W., gentle W.N.W. breeze, hazy. At Godrevy, on 14th, Lapwings, Starlings, and Thrushes at 4 p.m., fresh E.S.E. breeze, clear. On 15th, at Skerries, several were seen flying round the lantern at midnight, strong S.S.W. breeze, gloomy. At Scilly, Feb. 22nd, 9 a.m., Lapwings with Plovers, Starlings, and Curlews, strong E.N.E. breeze, mist. Autumn: Aug. 30th, at Air, a flock hovering about in the morning. This is the only notice from any station till Oct. 1st, when, at Allonby, large flocks. On 16th, at Nash, two Peewits and a few Starlings passed S.W., gentle E. breeze, mist. At Allonby, Nov. 14th, several flocks coming from the north, flying S., strong S.W. breeze, rain. So on 18th, with gentle E. breeze, frost. At Morecambe, on Nov. 10th, at 11.30, a flock passed, flying S.E., fresh W. breeze. On Dec. 12th, at Milford, a considerable number (probably over 200) seen near, evidently on flight, were following a leader from the way they flew, light N. breeze, fine sharp frost. On Dec. 16th, at Nash, 1000 or more Lapwings passed W. at 1 p.m., light N.E. breeze, mist. At Menai, Peewits all the year round (but is no increase and decrease of their numbers observable?).

Turnstone, _Strepsilas interpres_, Linn.--At Allonby, Nov. 28th, small flocks of about a dozen Turnstones noticed on the shore, gentle S.W. breeze, clear.

Oystercatcher, _Hæmatopus ostralegus_, Linn.--On June 7th and 8th, at Nash, twenty Curlews and Sea-pies passed N., mod. N. to N.W. breeze. At Bideford, Sept. 17th, hundreds of Sea-pies visit the mussel-beds all the year with Curlews, Gulls, and Stints. On Oct. 6th, at Air, several flocks passed E. at different times of the day, mod. N.N.E. breeze. On 20th, at Allonby, flocks. At Skerries they are said to remain all the year. (But do all remain all the year? What about the young? Is there no movement noticeable at any time of the year?)

Woodcock, _Scolopax rusticula_, Linn.; Snipe, _Gallinago cælestis_, Frenzel.--At Bardsey, Jan. 14th, two passed W. at noon, fresh E. breeze, mist; on 20th one struck the lantern. At Nash, Jan. 5th, four Snipe passed S.W. at 3 p.m., fresh E.N.E. breeze, mist. On Oct. 27th, at Skerries, a Woodcock killed soon after midnight, fresh S.S.E. breeze. At Nash, Nov. 2nd, two Snipe passed E., mod. E. breeze, rain. On Dec. 21st, at Skerries, a Woodcock killed at midnight, mod. W.N.W. gale; and on Dec. 29th, at Nash, four Snipe passed S.W., light S.W. breeze, mist.

Stint, _Tringa (?)_; Godwit, _Limosa (?)_.--Sept. 17th, at Bideford, hundreds of Stints with Sea-pies, &c., between half-ebb and half-flood. At Allonby, Nov. 8th, a large flock of Stints and Godwits wheeling about.

Sanderling, _Calidris arenaria_, Linn.--At Godrevy, Dec. 20th, and 21st, about 11 a.m., mod. S. and W. by S. breezes, a flock passed W.; and on 25th, at 12.30 a.m., two Sanderlings struck and one was killed, fresh S.W. breeze, mist.

Curlew, _Numenius arquata_, Linn.--Spring: At Scilly, from Jan. 13th to 25th, large flocks, with Lapwings, &c. On 16th, at Skerries, an unusual number seen all day, mod. breeze, mist. On 22nd Feb. at Scilly, Starlings and Curlews, E.N.E., strong breeze; and from May to September they are reported as occasionally seen. At Nash, June 7th and 8th, twenty Curlews and Seapies passed N. from 6 a.m. to 3 p.m., mod. N. and N.W. breeze, rain. On 24th to 28th large numbers of Curlews and Seapies passed S.W. from sunrise to 1 p.m., mod. N.W. to S. breeze, rain. On July 11th twelve to fifteen Curlews passed S. 9 a.m., fresh W. breeze, fine. At Air, July 18th, 9.15 p.m., large quantities passed E., light W.N.W. breeze, rain. Autumn: At Morecambe, first instance, Sept. 18th, one flying about the ship, followed by a Skua; and on 25th, two flying S.S.E., gentle N.W. breeze. At Menai they are mentioned as being more plentiful in August and September; and at Bideford, in September, hundreds at the mussel-beds with Oystercatchers, &c. At Nash, Oct. 6th, eight passed N.W. at 1.30 p.m., light E. breeze. At Morecambe, on 19th, three passed S.W., strong S.E. gale. And at Skerries, on 18th, Curlews flying about the island all day, mod. S.E. breeze; on 23rd they were seen all day, light E.S.E. breeze, clear. At Usk, throughout the winter, large flocks seen on the sands when tide in, and these remained about till March, 3882.

Arctic Tern, _Sterna macrura_, Naum.; Lesser Tern, _S. minuta_, Linn.--At Nash, June 24th to 28th, a large number of Sea Swallows (with Curlews) passed S.W. from sunrise to 1 p.m., mod. N.W. to S. breeze, rain. At Skerries, May 1st to September, innumerable quantities of Arctic Terns or Sea Swallows (come to breed, leaving when young able to fly). At Bideford, Sept. 17th, a Sea Swallow, 10 p.m., struck the lantern, and was taken alive, fresh S. breeze, mist. On Sept. 27th, at Morecambe, three Lesser Terns passed with two Titlarks, flying N.N.W., gentle N.W. by N. breeze.