Chapter III: The Plant

STIMULUS AND RESPONSE

General Relations
144. The nature of stimuli 100
145. The kinds of stimuli 100
146. The nature of response 101
147. Adjustment and adaptation 102
148. The measurement of response 103
149. Plasticity and fixity 104
150. The law of extremes 105
151. The method of working hypotheses 106
Hydroharmose
Adjustment
152. Water as a stimulus 107
153. The influence of other factors upon water 107
154. Response 108
155. The measurement of absorption 109
156. The quantitative relation of absorption and
transpiration 111
157. Measurement of transpiration 113
158. Field methods 114
159. Expression of results 116
160. Coefficient of transpiration 117
Adaptation
161. Modifications due to water stimuli 118
162. Modifications due to a small water supply 118
163. The decrease of water loss 118
164. The increase of water supply 121
165. Modifications due to an excessive water supply 121
166. Plant types 122
167. Xerophytic types 122
168. Types of leaf xerophytes 123
169. Types of stem xerophytes 125
170. Bog plants 126
171. Hydrophytic types 127
Photoharmose
Adjustment
172. Light as a stimulus 129
173. The reception of light stimuli 131
174. The response of the chloroplast 132
175. Aeration and translocation 134
176. The measurement of responses to light 135
Adaptation
177. Influence of chloroplasts upon form and structure 138
178. Form of leaves and stems 139
179. Modification of the epidermis 140
180. The differentiation of the chlorenchym 142
181. Types of leaves 144
182. Heliophytes and sciophytes 144

EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION

183. Scope 145
184. Fundamental lines of inquiry 146
185. Ancestral form and structure 146
186. Variation and mutation 147
187. Methods 149
Method of Natural Experiment
188. Selection of species 149
189. Determination of factors 151
190. Method of record 152
Method of Habitat Cultures
191. Scope and advantages 153
192. Methods 153
193. Transfer 154
194. Modification of the habitat 156
Method of Control Cultures
195. Scope and procedure 157
196. Water-content series 158
197. Light series 160