Chapter XIII: Part 13

“Friday Ring” of Charles V of France, 164, 165

Friedländer, R, & Sohn, ix

Frölen Gösta, Washington ring owned by, 192

Fuller, Thomas, 227

G

Galba, signet of, 131

Galen, soporific ring in supposed treatise of, 337

Galleria Carrara, Bergamo, 61

Gallo-Roman rings, 59, 202

Gardiner, Bishop, of “cramp rings,” 343

Garnet, 21, 86, 109, 110, 111, 125, 178, 227, 335
curious test of genuineness of, 340

Gauge, Allen’s Standard, 356

Gauge, Engelmann’s ring, finger and millimeter, 359

Gaveston, Piers, carries off bishops’ rings, 276

Genesis, signet mentioned in, 115

Genlis, Mme. de, “Sapphire Merveilleux” by, 326

Geoffroy Rufus, Bishop, ring of, 275

George I, wedding rings frequently worn on thumb in reign of, 194

George III, 43, 151

George IV, ring of, with portrait of Mrs. Fitzherbert, 224

Germanic Museum, Nuremberg, 210

German rings, 17, 45, 58, 75, 85, 88, 158, 163, 167, 171, 172, 200,
208–210, 216, 221, 227–229, 235, 273, 274, 305

Germans, ancient, rings of, 17

“Gesta Romanorum,” story of ring in, 300, 306, 307, 345, 346

Ghirlandajo’s portrayal of the betrothal of the Virgin, 203

Giardinetti rings, 74

Gilgamesh Epic, porphyry ring mentioned in, 96

Gimmal ring, 218–220

Glasgow, explanation of arms of city of, 216

Glass rings, 109, 144

Glenn, L. C., viii

Goclenius, 353

Gold-plated rings, 109

Gold quartz, 335

Gorius, 33

Gothic rings, 163

Gottheil, Richard, vii

Gratacap, L. P., viii

Greek Church, usage as to wedding rings in, 203, 204

Greek-letter fraternities, rings of, 334

Greek rings, 7–10, 51, 69, 110, 111, 112, 122, 124, 126, 198, 251,
256

Greenfield, Archbishop, ring of, 272

Greer, Right Rev. David H., viii, seal of, 279, 280

Gregory, St., formula as to bishops’ rings in Sacramental of, 267,
268

Gregory XIII, Pope, 281

Gregory XVI, 35

Gregory, Nyassa, St., 256

Gresham, Sir Thomas, wedding ring of, 219

Grien, Hans Baldung, 62

Grimm, Jacob, in betrothal rings in Germany, 207

Grossherzoglich-Hessisches Museum, Darmstadt, 73

Guild of ring-makers in ancient Rome, 16

Gyges, magic ring of, 289–291, 307, 314

H

Hadrian, value of rings in time of, 98
signet of, 134

Hadrian IV, sends emerald ring to Henry II, when granting
sovereignty of England over Ireland, 176

Hafiz of Shiraz, 289

Hamilton, Lord John, sapphire ring sent to, by Mary, Queen of
Scots, 184

Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von, 142

Hamper, William, thumb-ring owned by, 339

Han Dynasty, jade rings of, 105

Hannibal, rings taken by, at battle of Cannæ, 11, 12

Hapgood, Mrs. Isabel, viii

Harnham Hill, ring found at, 195

Harrower, Miss Katherine, signet owned by, 160

Hâtshepset, Queen, signet of, 117

Hatton, Lord Chancellor, sends healing ring to Queen Elizabeth, 350

Hatzfeldt, Princess, portrait of, 61

Healing rings, 336–354

Hebrew rings, 85, 115, 134, 213, 214, 252, 253, 338, 366

Helen of Troy, magic ring of, 92, 292

Heliodorus, describes a ring in his “Æthiopica,” 111

Henri II, medal of, with figure of diamond ring, 170

Henry II receives emerald ring from Pope Hadrian IV with grant of
sovereignty over Ireland, 176

Henry III, of England, rings among Crown Jewels of, 55
pawns jewels of Edward the Confessor’s shrine, 175

Henry IV of England, decree of against spurious rings, 114

Henry V of England, 166

Henry VI, of England, serjeants’ rings in time of, 49

Henry VII of England, gives rings as tournament prizes, 181

Henry VIII, 182, 189
portrait of, 59

Henrietta Maria, Queen, signet of, 153–156

Heraclius, Emperor, 141

“Hermit’s stone” in ring, 305

Herrick, Robert, 218

Hervée, Bishop, ring of, 273

Hilary, Bishop, ring of, 272

Hindu rings, 63, 77–80, 85, 101–103, 223, 321

Hirth, Friedrich, viii

“Hnited” (The Welded), mystic ring given King Olaf by Ulf the Red,
323

Hodge, F. W., viii

Hogarth, William, 94

Hohenzollern Museum, Berlin, 224

Holbein, Hans, 59

Holmes, W. H., viii

Hololith rings, 97, 99 sqq.

Homeric epics, rings not mentioned in, 8

Hope, Henry Philip, 325

Horace, 44, 53
on Thynnian rings, 71

Horseshoe-nail rings, 110

Hough, Walter, viii, 24

Humerous mottoes on rings, 221, 222

Hungarian rings, 166, 318

Hunila, Gothic ring of, 163

Hunyady, John, ring story concerning, 166

Huntington, Archer M., 278

Hyalite, 227

I

Iconographic rings, 74

Imperial Kunstgewerbe Museum, Vienna, 87

Indians, American, rings of, 17–30

Innocent III sends four rings to Richard Cœur de Lion, 178
definition of bishops’ rings by, 273

Iolite, 227

Irene, Empress, wife of Alexis Comnenus, 144

Irish rings, 85, 226
one set with diamonds found near Mallingor, Co. Westmeath, 191

Iron rings, 10, 11, 17, 84, 228, 328

Isaiah on rings of Hebrew women, 65

Isidore of Seville, 52, 70, 195, 267

Isis and Serapis, ring figuring, 57, 70

Isis, rings dedicated to statue of, in Spain, 252

Italian rings, 74, 79, 85, 109, 147, 214, 262–265

Ivory rings, 84, 104, 113, 120, 136

J

Jacinth, (zircon), 21, 78, 86, 124, 340
healing power of, set in a ring, 340

Jade, 158
ring box of in Bishop Collection, 55
entire rings of, 105–108, 319

Jadeite, 158

Jackson, A. V. Williams, viii, 160

James, Epistle of, wearer of gold ring in, 14

James I, sapphire ring announcing Elizabeth’s death brought to,
188, 189

James IV of Scotland, turquoise ring of, 181, 182

Japanese rings, 82, 85

Jasper, 33, 87, 257
entire ring of, 99

Jastrow, Morris, Jr., viii

Jean Sans-Peur, Duke of Burgundy, ring of, 149

Jeanne d’Arc, rings of, 347, 348

Jeffreys, Judge, ring of, 190, 191

Jehangir Shah, entire emerald ring of, 101
entire ruby ring of, 102

Jemshid, magic ring of, 116

Jeremiah, on the signet ring, 135

Jeroboam II, King of Israel, signet ring from time of, 366

Jet, entire ring of, 108

John, King, jewels of, 55

John II of France, ruby ring of, lost at Poitiers, 164, 165

John V, Paleologus, Emperor, 146

John XXII, Pope, stones used in ecclesiastical rings in time of,
276

John Constans, Elector of Saxony, portrait of, 61

John of Salisbury, 176, 177

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, wedding ring of, 223

Jones, William H., viii

Jonson, Ben, “ring posy” of, 238

Jordan, Agnes, abbess of Bridgetine Convent, ring on sepulchral
image of, 280

Joseph’s ring, 1

Josephus, 132
story of magic ring, 294, 295

Jupiter, ring of priests of, 250

Justinian, Emperor, decree of, regarding rings, 15

Juvenal, 57, 96, 97

Juxon, Bishop, and rings of Charles I, 156

K

Kalidasa, 321

Karavongu, Prabha, ix

Keith, Minor C., viii

Kentigern, St., promises finding of a wedding ring, 216

Key-shaped rings, 71

Khufu (cheops), ring of priest of his pyramid, 118

King, C. W., 111, 147, 157, 171

Kircher, Athomasius, 213

Knights of Columbus, rings of, 332

Knights of Pythias, rings of, 334

Knot, the, as origin of the ring, 2

Koch, Court Jeweller, ring collection of, 209

Konstantinidis Collection at Nicosia, 6

Kunzite, 334

_Kusa_-grass (Saccharum spontaneum) rings of, among the Hindus, 77

L

Labouchère, M., 157

Labradorite, 34, 86

Lafayette, ring given to, by Washington, 192

Lalique, René, 87

Lambeccius, 315

Lapidario of Alfonso X, 304, 305, 328

Lapis-lazuli, 50, 63, 96, 117, 158, 171

Lapplanders, magic rings of the, 324

“Latitude and Longitude Ring,” 233

Laufer, Berthold, viii

Layard, Sir Austen Henry, 3

Leaden rings, 112, 328

Leaming, Vice-Chancellor E. B., 192

Legal use of a ring, 36

Legend, Scotch, of loss of a wedding ring, 215, 216

Lentulus, signet of, 127

Leo X, Pope, 264, 269

Leopold I, 315

Lessing G. E., tale of rings in his “Nathan der Weise,” 346, 347

Levesque, M., 147

Leyden Papyrus, formulas for magic rings in, 297, 298

Lichtenau, Countess, anecdote of ring taken by, 172

Lincoln, Waldo, ix, 47

Lindenschmidt, Ludwig, 58

Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of, ring of, 332

Londesborough collection, 34, 169, 213, 218, 220, 311

London Archæological Institute, 166

“Lorscher Ring,” 73

Lothaire’s signet, 140

Lotto, Lorenzo, 61

Louis I, signet of, 140

Louis VII, donates ring to shrine of Thomas à Becket, 183

Louis IX, supposed signet ring of, 145

Louis XI, 167

Louis XII, signet of, 147, 148

Louis of Luxembourg, Constable, rings given by, 167

Louisa, Queen of Prussia, betrothal ring of, 224

Louvre Museum, 249

Lovat, Lord, memorial ring of, 44

Lucas, Dr. F. A., viii

Lucian, tale of a magic ring told by, 122

Lucretius, of Samothracius rings, 70

Lucullus, signet of, 130

Luminous ring, 317

Luther, ring commemorating wedding of, 216, 217

Lyly, Sir Peter, 62

M

“Mabinogian,” magic ring in, 307, 308

McCurdy, George Grant, ix

Machu Picchu, Inca city of refuge, 83

Macrobius, on ring-finger, 52, 194

Mæcenas, signet of, 130

Magic rings, _see_ talismanic

Magnetic iron, 328

“Mahabharata,” rings mentioned in the, 77

Mâharânî of Sikkim, portrait of, 63 (Frontispiece)

Malory, Sir Thomas, 309

Mandeville, Sir John, 315

Manx customs as to rings, 205

Marat, effigy of on ring, 76

Maratta, Carlo, portrait by, 278

Marcellus Empiricus, on cure of hiccoughs by the placing of a ring, 336

Marcina, St., the Younger, ring of, 256

Marcus Aurelius, head of, in signet, 140

Margaret of Anjou, 180, 181

Marguerite de Valois, verses written with diamond ring by, 168

Maria of Austria, portrait of, 59

Marius, wore iron ring at triumph, 10

Mark, St., legend of ring of, 312, 314

Marlborough Collection of Gems, 99

Marston John, rings mentioned in play by, 46

Martial, epigrams of, on rings, 34, 53, 54

Mary of Burgundy, ring of, 167

Mary I of England, 183

Mary, Princess, afterwards Queen, portrait of, 60

Mary, Queen of Scots, 155
ring memorials of, 45, 184–186
portrait of, 60
signet ring of, 149–151, 153
ring given her by Elizabeth, 183, 184
wedding ring of, 217, 218

Masonic rings, 331, 332

Materials of rings, 95–114

Mathias, Emperor of Germany, ring of, 168

Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, ring found in tomb of, 179

Maurus, Rabonus, Archbishop of Mainz, 268

Maximilian I, Emperor, betrothal ring of, 234, 235

Maximinus, Emperor, thumb ring of, 58, 162

Mazza, B., viii

_Mazzel tob_, inscription on Hebrew betrothal rings, meaning of,
213

Medici, Cosimo dé, _impresa_, with diamond rings, 170

Megenberg, Konrad son, 311

Memorial rings, 40–48

Mendæans of Mesopotamia as silversmiths, 31, 32

Mendoza, Spanish ambassador, ring sent to, by Mary, Queen of Scots,
185

Mercato, Michele, 258

“Merchant of the Ruby,” 180

Merchant’s ring of glass, mentioned in “Piers Plowman,” 144

Mercier, Louis Sebastien, 76

Mercury as bestower of magic rings, 295, 296

Meroë, ring of a queen of, 67

Meronitz, Bohemia, garnets from, 110

Merovingian rings, 58, 72, 73, 137, 138, 257

Meteorites, rings set with peridots from, 330

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 51, 80, 105, 119, 188

“Michelangelo’s Signet,” 147

Mills, William C., ix

Min Yonk Ik, Corean prince, jade rings of, 107

Minoan rings, 116, 118

Minos of Crete, ring of, 291, 292

Mint-marks from signets, 129

Mirror rings, Hindu, 79

Mithridates the Great, 54

Mocha-stone, 87

Mohammed’s seal, 141

Moonstone, 335

Moore, Isabel, ix

Moorehead, Warren K., ix, 21, 22

Moose, Loyal Order of, rings of, 332

Morgan, Henri de, 2, 68

Morgan, J. de, 68

Morgan, Octavius, 75

Morse, Edward S., ix

“Morte d’Arthur,” story of magic ring in, 309, 310

Moss-agate, 335

Mostiola, St., has betrothal ring of the Virgin, 259

Mother-of pearl, 81

Mottoes, 209–213, 221, 222, 233, 234, 237–248
formed by initials of stones set in rings, 50, 226

Müller, Peter, on legal significance of giving a ring, 204

Murray, George Gilbert Aimé, 4

Musa, Antonius, granted right to wear gold rings, by Augustus, 336

Museo Nacional, Mexico City, Aztec finger-ring in, 20

Mycenæan rings, 6, 68, 99, 109, 118

N

Nadir Shah, entire emerald rings of, 101, 102

Nails, horseshoe, rings of, 110, 326

Names of rings in ancient and modern India, 78, 79
in various modern languages, 364–365

“_Naoratna_” (_navaratna_) ring, 78, 321

Napoleon memorial rings, 47, 48

Napoleonic rings, 173

Narwhal tusk, rings of, 341

Natal rings, 90, 91, 328, 329

“Nathan der Weise,” tale of rings in, 346, 347

National Geographic Society, 83

National Hungarian Museum, 16, 318

National Museum at St. Germain-en-Laye, 121

National Museum, Washington, D. C., 85

Navajo Indians, rings of, 22–30

Nelson, Admiral Horatio, memorial rings of, 44

Nero, signet of, 130

New Gallery, London, 225

New York Historical Society, 118

Newall, Edward T., viii

Nibelungen Ring, 303

Nider, Johann, legend of miraculous nun’s ring in his Formicarius,
286

Niello, how made and applied, 271

Nippur, record of emerald ring found at, 4, 5

Noe, Sydney P., viii

Norfolk, Duke of, donates ring of James IV of Scotland, 181

Numa Pompilius, iron rings worn in age of, 10
rings on statues of, 52

Nuns’ rings, 284–286

O

Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society, 19

Ominous substitution for a wedding ring in a Scotch legend, 226

“Oneirocritica” of Artemidorus, 37

Onyx, 39, 111, 158, 159, 328

Opal, 86, 227, 269, 291

Orders and societies, rings of, 332, 333

Origin of the ring, 1–32

Ostby & Barton Co., ix

Othman, loses Mohammed’s seal, 141

Otto III of Germany, orders disinterment of Charlemagne’s remains,
302

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 189

Ovid, portrait ring of, 57
on a ring gift, 193

Owen, Sir Richard, 196

P

“Pacifying ring,” 233

Papal rings, 262–265

Passion, healing ring with emblems of the, 348, 349

Pearl, 34, 50, 60, 78, 87, 114, 180, 236, 252, 334, 335
figured on portrait of Queen Mary I of England, 60

Peary, Admiral Robert E., ix

Pectunculas shells, rings made of, 17

Pelissier, Georges, ix

Pembroke, William Herbert, Lord, enjoins in his will that his widow
shall enter order of widowhood, 286

Pepys, Samuel, his bequest of rings to his friends, 41

Perfume rings, 38

Peridot (chrysolite), 21, 86, 227, 335

Persian rings, 2, 80, 103, 116, 122, 123

Perugia, betrothal ring of the Virgin at, 100, 222, 258–261

Peruvian rings, 83

Pesaro, Antonio, 61

Peters, Rev. Dr. John P., viii, 160

Peters, Miss Joan St. Michael, signet owned by, 160

Petrarch, on ruby ring of John II of France, 164

Petrie, William Flinders, ix

Phenacite, 86

Philip II of Spain, ring sent to by Mary, Queen of Scots, 185, 186
at consecration of “cramp rings,” 245

Philostratus, Flavius, 296

Phocus, ring of, 9

Phœnician rings, 68, 121

Physicians’ rings, 345

Piccolomini Collection, 71

Pierce, President, ring given to, 84

Pinakothek, Munich, 62

Pilloy, L., 59

Pipe-stopper ring, 94

Pius II, Pope, ring of, 262

Pius VI, 263, 264

Pius IX, 263, 281

Planetary rings, 296, 327, 328, 351

Plasma, 274

Platinum rings, 229, 230

Plato, blames Aristotle for wearing rings, 32
on ring of Gyges, 290, 291

Plautus, ring mentioned by, in his “Miles Gloriosus,” 193, 194
of sealing up household goods, 133

Pliny, 1, 8, 10, 53, 104, 121, 195, 199, 336

Plotina, wife of Trojan, supposed ring of, 71

Plutarch, 8, 123

Pococke, Bishop, 191

Poison ring, in ancient Rome, 36
of Hannibal, 36
of Demosthenes, 36
Rubbinical, 36
of the Borgias, 37
Egmont’s, 38

Polish rings, 65

Polycrates, ring of, 120–122

Polygnotus, rings in pictures by, 9

Pompey, 54
signet of, 127, 130

Pomphonica, Roman lady, ring of, 33

Pope, Alexander, 112

Porphyry, 96

Portrait rings, 76

Portraits illustrating ring-wearing, 60–64, 148, 152, 188, 278

Portuguese rings, 172, 173, 328, 329

“Posies” for rings, selection of, 237–247

Prado Gallery, Madrid, 60

Prehnite, 335

Prince, John Dyneley, viii, 365

Prometheus, legend as to ring of, 1, 2

Propertius, of a ring burned in a funeral pyre, 134

Protonotaries’ rings, 281

Proverbs, French, regarding rings, 76

Pueblo Bonito, Nev., rings found at, 108

Pueblo ruins of Arizona and New Mexico, rings from, 17

Purposes, special, of ring wearing, 32–50

Puzzle rings, 219

Pyrite, 335

Pythias, Knights of, rings of, 334

Q

Quicksilver rings, 328, 351

R

Rabbies’ rings, 252, 253

Rafael’s “Sposalizio” in Brera Gallery, Milan, 203

Raleigh, Sir Walter, lines written with diamond ring by, 169

“Ramayana,” rings mentioned in the, 77

Rameses II, ring of, 249

Rameses III, rings in time of, 97

Rathbun, R., ix

Read, Sir Charles Hercules, ix, 58, 99

Reale Galleria d’Arte Antica, Rome, 60

“Regal of France,” large diamond in ornament given by Louis VII to
shrine of St. Thomas à Becket, 183

“Regard Rings,” 227

Reinach, Salomon, 121

Religious use of rings, 249–287

“Repeal Ring,” 50

“Reynard the Fox,” magic ring described in, 303, 304

Rhinoceros horn, healing rings of, 338, 352
hoof rings of, 337

Richard, Cœur de Lion receives four gold rings from Pope Innocent
III, 178

Richard II, memorial rings of, 41
grants coronation Ring to Westminster Abbey, 174
directs that a ring be put on his finger after death, 179

Rienzi, Cola di, wedding ring of, 214

Riker, William, ix

Ring-making, 354–364

Ring-money, 35

Roberts, Oliver A., ix

Robespierre rings, 77

Rock-crystal, 125, 149, 158, 328, 335
entire rings of, 100

Rogers, Austin T., ix

Roman rings, 10, 33, 52–58, 71–73, 85, 97–99, 100, 104, 113, 126,
128, 130–132, 134, 198, 250, 255, 258–261, 293, 337
rules as to wearing those of iron or gold, 10–16

Roosevelt, Miss Alice (Mrs. Longworth) anecdote regarding ring
given to, by Sultan of Sulu, 236, 237

Roscius, Roman actor, right of wearing a ring accorded to, 13

Rossi, Abbot Adamo, 258

Rothschild, Baron Ferdinand, 88

Roty, Oscar, marriage medals of, 232, 233

Royal Collection at Windsor Castle, 147, 156

Rubens’ “Betrothal of Marie de’Medici,” 224

Ruby, 50, 78, 89, 90, 101, 106, 144, 147, 164, 165, 174, 178, 180,
181, 183, 227, 269, 270, 274, 275, 283, 334, 340
entire ring of, 102

Runic inscription on healing ring, 339

Rush-rings, for mock marriages, 206, 207

Russian Church, usage as to wedding rings in, 203, 204

Russian rings, 85, 100, 204

S

Saadi, ring story in Gulistan of, 163, 164

Sackvil, Thomas, Duke of Dorset, ring given to by James I, 350

Sagan Kerens of S. E. Asia, superstitious use of rings with, 308

“St. Martin’s Ring,” 113, 114

“Sakuntala” of Kalidasa, magic ring in, 321, 322

Salisbury, Richard, Bishop of, on rush-rings, 206

Samothracian rings, 70, 85

Santo Anello, Capella del, 261

“Saphire Merveilleux,” 325, 326

Sapphire, 36, 74, 78, 89, 143, 158, 161, 176, 178, 179, 184, 188,
189, 227, 269, 270, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 325, 331,
335, 339

Sard, 158, 159, 337

Sardonyx, 96, 121, 125, 159

Sarum Rite, order of matrimony in the, 196, 197

Sassanian rings, 85, 161

Saxon’s Lode, thumb ring found at, 64

_Scalæ anulariæ_ in Rome, where ring-dealers sold their wares, 16

Scandinavian rings, 323, 324, 339

Scaraboid rings, 51

Scaurus, Emilius, _dactyliotheca_ of, 54

Scheibel, Lieut., ring found by, 300

Schley, Mrs. Annie R., viii

Schneider, Hofrat, 172

Scipio Africanus, signet of, 129

Seffrid, Bishop, ring of, 272

Seleucus I, Nicator, signet of, 124
magic ring of, 293

Senlis, Pierre Bishop of, formula for dedicating nun’s rings in his
pontifical, 285

Serapis and Isis, ring figuring, 57, 70
head of Serapis on signet, 140

Serjeants’ rings, 48, 50

Serpent rings, 72, 78, 91, 92

Servius Tullius, rings in statues of, 52

Sewall, Archbishop, ring of, 272

Shakespeare, 40, 46, 152, 166, 207, 220, 221, 247, 310, 317
bequest of rings to his friends, 41
signet of, 151

Shashank I (Shishak), ring of, 117

Shaw, Sir Edmund, mourning rings bequeathed by, 349

Shell rings, 17, 18, 21

Shemai, signet ring of, 366

“Shield of David” on healing rings, 339

Shook, Sheridan, amethyst ring worn by, 85

Shujah, Shah, entire emerald ring given by, to British East India
Company, 101
to Runjit Singh, 102

Shylock’s turquoise, 220

Siamese rings, 81

Sigfroi, Archbishop, ring of, 274

Sight, restoration of, by rings, 337

Sigismond Augustus of Poland, decree of, as to Hebrew rings, 65

Signet ring or rings
of Queen Aah-hotep, 117
of Ahasuerus, 115
of Alexander the Great, 123
of Amenhotep IV, 67
of Antiochus Epiphanes, 125
of the Arabs, 142
of Augustus, 130, 131
of Aurelian, 133
of St. Bernard de Clairvaux, 144
at baptisms, 136
bequests of, 149
betrothal rings used as, 133
of bishops, 137
owned by Lord Byron, 152
of Julius Cæsar, 130
of Charles I of England, 156
of Charles V of France, 146
of Childeric I, 138–140
of Childeric II’s wife, 138
coats of arms on, 149
of Commodus, 131
of Alexis and John Comnenus, 144
of Constantius II, 161
of Dagobert I’s wife, 138
of Darius, 123
dreams of, 132
of early French Kings, 37, 138
of Galba, 131
of Hadrian, 134
of Queen Hatshepset, 117
diamond, of Queen Henrietta Maria, 153–156
ivory, for sealing amphoræ, 120–122
of priest of Khufu’s pyramid, 118
of Lentulus, 127
of Lothaire, 140
of Louis le Debonnaire, 140
of Louis IX, 145
of Louis XII, 147, 148
of Lucullus, 130
of Mæcenas, 130
of Mary Queen of Scots, 149–151
merchants’, 144
“Michelangelo’s Signet,” 147
of Mohammed, 141
mottoes on, in Arabic, 142
of Nero, 130
in platinum or gold, 158
of Polycrates, 120
of Pompey, 127
of Scipio Africanus, 129
of Seleucus, 124
of Shakespeare, 151
of Shemai, 366
superstitious use of, 122, 123
of Sylla, 130
of Thothmes III, 117
of Tiberius, 134
one stolen by Verres, 126, 127
of Wilhelm I of Germany, 158
of President Wilson, 161
of Xerxes, 122
of Zerubbabbel, 135

Skiff, F. J. V., ix

Sloane, Sir Hans, rings in collection of, 87

Smith, Sir Thomas, 350

Society of Antiquaries, London, 75

Solomon’s ring, 288, 289

Somers, Lt. Robert, ring given to, by Washington, 192

South Kensington Museum, 190, 315

Spanish rings, 85

Spartans, iron rings of, 10

Spencer, Leonard, ix

Spessartite, 335

Sphere, 86

Sphere ring, 88

Spinel, 86

Spodumene, 86

Squirt ring, 148

Staël von Holstein, Baron Erik Magnus, 192

Stanbery, John, Bishop, ring of, 275

Starr, Friedrich, ix

State gems for ring setting, 334, 335

Steevens, George, on Shylock’s turquoise, 220

Stephen Radislav, King of Servia, nuptial ring of, 198

Sterling, John, “Onyx Ring” by, 324, 325

Stewart, Rev. Father William J., viii

Stone, George C., viii

“Stone of Invisibility,” 307

Stone rings, 2, 21

“Stone of Remembrance,” 307

Stoudt, Rev. John Baer, ix

Stratonice, wife of Seleucus I, rings dedicated by, 251

Strickland, Agnes, 184

Suetonius, 134

Suffolk, Countess of, takes vow of widowhood, 287

Suidas, 312

Sulu, Sultan of, pearl ring given by, 236, 237

Sunstone, 335

Superstitious use of seal-rings, 122, 123

Surprise rings, 94

Surrya, Prince, 81

Swivel rings, 94

Sylla, signet of, 130

Symeon, Archbishop of Thessalonica, his description of Byzantine
marriage ceremony about 1400 A. D., 202

Symbols, Christian, 253–255

Syrian rings, 124, 125, 160

T

Tacitus on Germanic iron rings, 17

Taft, ex-President William H., ix, 161, 236

Talismanic and magic rings
Albertus Magnus on, 311
Apollonius of Tyana’s, 296, 325
Boniface VIII’s, 306
Charlemagne’s, 300–302
Christian, in British Museum, 257
Clemens Alexandrinus on, 296
as charm against the Evil Eye, 236, 293
fortune-telling by means of, 299
of Frederick I of Prussia, 171, 172
of Gesta Romanorum, 300, 306, 345
of Gyges, 289–291
of Helen of Troy, 92, 292
“Hnited” (“The Welded”) given to King Olaf, 323
in the “Mabinogian,” 307
Sir John Mandeville on, 315
St. Mark’s, 312–314
of Minos of Crete, 291, 292
in “Morte d’Arthur,” 309, 310
_naoratna_ ring of Hindus, 78, 321
in Reynard the Fox, 303
“Saphir Merveilleux,” 325
Scandinavian, 323, 339
of Seluecus I, Nicator, 293
in Sir Eglamore, 310
“Ring of Solomon,” 288, 289
in Sterling’s “Onyx Ring,” 324
superstitious use of, by Sagan Karens, 308
Tewfik Pasha’s experience with one, 322, 323
in “Book of Thetel,” 311
one made by Abbot Tritheim, 314
in Wolfdietrich, 305, 306
in Yuain and Gawin, 310

Tanagra, ring from, 112

Tassi, Agosto, engraver of “Michelangelo’s Signet,” 147

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, 143, 154, 155

Tedyngton, Richard, keeper of jewels of Edward the Confessor’s
shrine, 175

Tertullian on betrothal ring, 199

Tewfik Pasha, experience of, with a magic ring, 322, 323

Theodorus of Samos, engraver of ring of Polycrates, 120

Thomas, Dr. John, Dean of Westminster, 179

Thompson, C. J. S., ix

Thothmes III, ring of, 117

Thumb rings, 58, 87, 105–108, 194, 222

Thynnian rings, 70

Tiberius, seal ring of, removed when he became unconscious, 134

Tibetan, 81

Tin rings, 328

Toad swallowing a serpent, ring designed in form of a, 311

Toadstone, warns of poison when worn in a ring, 341

Toe rings, 78, 80

Topaz, 78, 86, 125, 158, 178, 276, 335

Tourmaline, 86
green (“Brazilian emerald”), used for bishops’ rings in Brazil,
277

Tournament, rings as prizes at a, 181

“Tower Rings,” 169

Trallianus, Alexander, recommends ring as cure for biliousness, 338

_Trauring_, German designation of betrothal ring, 209

Tree, Sir Herbert, x

Trees sealed with rings, 128

Tricolored magic ring, 304

“Trinity Ring,” 75

Tritheim, Abbot of Spandau, magic ring made by, 314

True-lovers’ knot, 2

Tumulty, J. P., ix

Türk, Viennese court jeweller, collection of rings made by, 66

“Turkie,” old name of turquoise, 220

Turquoise, 21, 23, 24, 34, 63, 75, 81, 86, 103, 114, 150, 182, 328,
334

Tyrolean rings, 353

Tyszkiewicz Collection, 121

U

Ulysses, ring of, 8

United States National Museum, 85

University Galleries, Oxford, 60

University of Pennsylvania, excavations at Nippur by, 4

V

Valens, Emperor, 299

Vandyke, Anthony, 62

Vergil, Polydore, 342

Verney, Sir Edmund, ring given to, by Charles I, 190

Verres, seal ring stolen by, 126

Victoria, Queen, 156, 225

Victoria and Albert Museum (South Kensington Museum), 217, 269, 271

Virgin, betrothal ring of, at Perugia, 100, 222, 258–261

Visigoths, law of, concerning betrothal rings, 200

Vyse, Colonel, 118

W

Wada, T., x

Waddesdon Bequest, 88

Wade, Mr. and Mrs. J. Homer, 90

Wales, Prince of, ring among insignia of, made by Welsh gold, 283,
284

Walwyn, Francis, engraver of Henrietta Maria’s diamond signet, 154

Warbeck, Perkin, 180

Ward, William Hayes, ix, 3
anecdote of ring bought by, 3, 4

Washington rings, 77, 191, 192

Watch rings, 40, 87, 353

Watelet, M., 147

Waterton, Edmund, 34, 214

Waterton Collection, 217, 269–271

Wearing of rings, methods of, 50–66

Wedding or betrothal rings
sent by Clovis I, 201
conditional gift of, 205
diamond, in Shakespeare’s Cymbeline, 221
on which finger placed, 194–197, 203, 215, 222
George IV’s with portrait of Mrs. Fitzherbert, 224, 225
in ancient Germany, 208
in modern Germany, 209
gimmal rings as, 218, 219
gold, already used by Romans in 2d. century, 199
gold, surrendered for iron in Germany, 228
in Greek Church, 202–204
of Sir Thomas Gresham, 219
Hebrew use of, 213, 214
of iron, in early Roman times, 199
of Dr. Samuel Johnson, 223
loss of a, Scotch legend regarding, 216
of Queen Louisa of Prussia, 224
commemorating Luther’s marriage, 216, 217
Manx custom as to, 205
of Mary Queen of Scots, 217
for men, 230
mottoes on, 209, 211, 221, 233–248
with names formed by initial letters of precious stones, 227
obligation involved in giving a, 204
ominous substitute for one, in a Scotch legend, 226
of Cola di Rienzi, 214
rush-ring as, 206
Shylock’s turquoise perhaps in betrothal ring, 220
story of a, in “Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles,” 215
turquoise used for in Germany, 221

Week-day gems for ring-setting, 331

Weininger, Leopold, x

Weir, J. Alden, viii

Wellington, Duke of, 224

Welsh gold used for Prince of Wales’ ring, 284

Widowhood,” “Ring of, 286, 287
order of, 286, 287

Wier, J. Alden, on rings in portraits, 64

Wild-ass, healing rings made from hoof of, 352

William the Conqueror, tomb of, at Caen destroyed by Huguenots, 179

William Rufus, ring found in tomb of, 179

William I of Germany, 172
signet of used by William II, 158

William IV, of England, Coronation Ring of, 283

William de St. Barbara, ring of, 275

Wilson, President Woodrow, signet-ring of, vi, 161

Winslow, Isaac, memorial ring of, 47

Winslow, Josiah, 47

Wiseman, Cardinal, manuscript describing Solessing of “cramp
rings,” owned by, 344, 345

Wiser, David, 108

Wissler, Clark, viii

“Wolfdietrich,” story of magic ring in, 305, 306

Wolter, Charlotte, ring of, 90

Woodford, General Sir John, 165

Woodland, Theodore M., viii

Writing with diamond ring, 168–170

Wu Ting Fang, jade rings of, 107, 108

Wykeham, Bishop, ring of, 275

Wyman, Walter C., viii

Wytlesey, Archbishop of Canterbury, ring of, 275

X

Xerxes, signet of, 122

Y

“Ywaine and Gawin,” romance, magic ring in, 310

Z

Zerubbabel, ring of, 135

Zick, Stephan, ivory ring made by, 75

Zircon (jacinth,) 78, 86, 124, 340

Zodiacal rings, 85, 328, 329

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Grandchild.

[2] Great grandchild.

[3] Signet of the author, reading George F. Kunz, New York. Engraved upon a dark red sard, in Teheran, Persia, in 1895.

[4] Fossey, “La magie assyrienne,” Paris, 1902, p. 83.

[5] Délégation en Perse, Mémoires publiés sous la direction de M. J. de Morgan, vol. viii, “Recherches archéologiques,” 3d ser., Paris, 1905, pp. 321, 322; figured on p. 320.

[6] Communicated by the late Dr. William Hayes Ward.

[7] Communicated by the late Dr. William Hayes Ward.

[8] Hilprecht and Clay, “Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur”: The Babylonian expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A: Cuneiform texts, vol. ix, Philadelphia, 1898, p. 30.

[9] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. 1, 2, 997 (see pl. xx); also the same author’s Catalogue of the Jewellery Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum, London, 1911, p. xvii.

[10] Max Ohnefalsch-Richter, “Kypros, the Bible, and Homer,” London, 1893, vol. i, p. 367, and vol. ii, plate xxxii, fig. 32.

[11] Strena Helbigena, 73; Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xxi, p. 155, fig. 33; p. 159, fig. 39; Schliemann Mycenæ and Tiryns, pp. 354, 360.

[12] See F. H. Marshall, _op. cit._, p. 3; rings from Enkomi, Cyprus.

[13] Pauly’s Real Encyclopädie der Altertumswissenschaft, vol. ix, pt. i, col: 827; Stuttgart, 1914; Marshall, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the British Museum, London, 1907, No. 574.

[14] Corpus inscriptionum Græcarum, 3137, i, 87 sq.

[15] Le Brun-Dalbanne, “Les Pierres gravées du trésor de la cathédrale de Troyes,” Paris, 1880, p. 32.

[16] Aristophanes, “Knights,” Act II, sc. 4.

[17] Æliani, “Varia historia,” Lib. I, cap. xxi.

[18] Lib. xxxiii, cap. iv.

[19] _Ibid., loc. cit._

[20] M. Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité romaine, et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge”; extrait des Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxv, Paris, 1896, pp. 4, 5.

[21] Titi Livii, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xxiii, cap. xii.

[22] Sat. iii, lines 153–156.

[23] Titi Livii, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xlii, cap. xvi.

[24] Valerii Maximi, “Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX,” lib. viii, cap. i.

[25] See Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxiii, cap. xxiii.

[26] “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxiii, cap. xi.

[27] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman,” in the ... British Museum, London, 1907, p. xix, citing Macrobius, Saturnalia III, 14, 13, and Cicero, Ad. Fam. X, 32, 2.

[28] Clementis Alexandrini, “Pædagogus,” lib. iii, cap. ii.

[29] Beck, “Corpus juris civilis,” vol. ii, pp. 406, 407.

[30] “Cimeliotheca Musei Nationalis Hungarici, sive catalogus historico-criticus antiquitatum, raritatum, et pretiosorum--eius instituti,” Budæ, 1825, p. 136.

[31] Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, vol. i, No. 1107.

[32] _Ibid._, vol. xi, No. 1235.

[33] Suetonii: “Vita Augusti,” 72.

[34] Cicero, “In Verrem,” iv, 25, 26.

[35] Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité romaine, et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge,” Paris, 1896, pp. 46, 47; extrait des Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxv, part ii.

[36] Jesse Walter Fewkes, “Two Summers’ Work in Pueblo Ruins,” Bureau of American Ethnology, vol. xxii, pt. i, p. 91. Also the same writer’s “Casa Grande, Arizona,” Bureau of American Ethnology, vol. xxviii, pp. 143, 144; rings figured on pl. lxxv, fig. _A_, and in text cut, fig. 49.

[37] Communications from Prof. George Grant McCurdy, Curator, Anthropological Section of Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and from Dr. Frank S. Daggett, Director, Museum of History, Science and Art, Los Angeles, Cal.

[38] Communicated by Dr. William C. Mills, Curator and Librarian of the Museum.

[39] W. W. Blake, “The Antiquities of Mexico,” New York, 1891, p. 74, figure.

[40] _Ibid._, p. 73, figures.

[41] Warren K. Moorehead, “Primitive Men in Ohio,” New York, 1892, p. 148; see plate xxvi, p. 152.

[42] Warren K. Moorehead, “Stone Age in North America,” Boston and New York, 1910, vol. i, p. 440, fig. 385, ring in Collection of B. H. Young, Louisville, Kentucky.

[43] See the writer’s “Magic of Jewels and Charms,” Philadelphia and London, 1915, pp. 352, 353; colored plate opp. p. 352.

[44] Warren K. Moorehead, “A Narration of Exploration in New Mexico, Arizona, Indiana, etc.,” Andover, Mass., 1906, p. 89, fig. 45.

[45] Not named after Charles L. Tiffany.

[46] Communicated by Walter Hough, Acting Head Curator, Dept. of Anthropology, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.

[47] Communicated by Joseph K. Dixon, Secretary of the National American Indian Memorial Association.

[48] The details in this and the following paragraphs are taken from Washington Matthews, “Navajo Silversmiths,” in the Second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1880–1881, Washington, 1881, pp. 171–178.

[49] _Op. cit._, between pp. 174 and 175, plate showing silversmith’s shop set up near Fort Wingate.

[50] “An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho Language,” published by the Franciscan Fathers, Saint Michaels, Arizona, 1910, p. 271.

[51] This is a well-printed octavo of 536 pages, with a most comprehensive index.

[52] _Op. cit._, pp. 283, 284.

[53] Communicated by Admiral Peary in a letter to the author, February 13, 1916.

[54] C. W. King, “Antique Gems,” London, 1860, p. 281; citing Ælian, iii, 19.

[55] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Archæologist,” London, 1871, p. 86, with figure of ring.

[56] J. P. Mariette, “Traité des pierres gravées,” Paris, 1750, vol. i, p. 18.

[57] See Marshall, “Catalogue of the finger rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the departments of antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, p. xxvi, note.

[58] Archæological Journal, London, 1863, vol. xx, p. 75.

[59] London, 1853, p. 6.

[60] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later” (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 122, No. 792, pl. xi.

[61] X. Barbier de Montault, “Le costume et les usages ecclésiastiques selon la tradition romaine,” Paris, 1897, vol. i, pp. 176, 177.

[62] Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report of MSS. in various collections, vol. iv, Dublin, 1907, p. 59.

[63] Plinii, Hist. Nat., lib. xxxiii, cap. xxv.

[64] “Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch,” by Jacob Levy, Leipzig, 1879, vol. ii, p. 139, s. v. tabba’ath.

[65] Artemidorus, “Oneirocritica,” ii, 5.

[66] Davenport, “Jewelry,” Chicago, 1908, pp. 127, 128.

[67] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, n. d. (1865?), p. 144, fig. 177.

[68] John Lathrop Motley, “The Rise of the Dutch Republic,” New York, 1856, Vol. iii, pp. 558, 559, citing a curious Dutch pamphlet published at Leyden in 1582 and consisting of two letters, one from Bruges, dated July 25, 1582, the other written two days later from Antwerp.

[69] C. J. S. Thompson, “Poison Romance and Poison Mysteries,” London, n.d., 2d. ed., p. 123.

[70] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger-rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. lv.

[71] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Mediæval and Later,” bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 243, No. 1698, pl. xxiii.

[72] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later” (British Museum), London, 1912, p. 245, No. 1708, pl. xxiii.

[73] “Memorial Rings, Charles the Second to William the Fourth, in the Possession of Frederick Arthur Crisp,” privately printed (London). The data in this and succeeding paragraphs treating of memorial rings, are (unless otherwise noted) derived from this valuable and interesting work.

[74] Crisp Collection, No. 334, p. 115.

[75] No. 632, p. 197.

[76] Crisp Collection, No. 981, p. 317.

[77] No. 165, p. 69.

[78] Notes and Queries, 11th ser., No. 311, December 11, 1915, p. 469.

[79] A. E. Cropper, “Some Notes On Three Classes or Types of Rings,” in The Connoisseur, London, vol. xix, p. 184, September to December, 1907.

[80] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.

[81] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later,” bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, K.C.B. (British Museum, London, 1912, p. xxxiii, footnote.)

[82] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 204, No. 1417.

[83] Communicated by Waldo Lincoln, the owner of the ring.

[84] O. M. Dalton: “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 232, No. 1628.

[85] Szendrei, “Catalogue de la collection de bagues de Mme. de Tarnóczy,” Paris, 1889, pp. 142, 143.

[86] Charles Edwards, “The History and Poetry of Finger-Rings,” New York, 1855, pp. 86–90.

[87] Hon. R. C. Neville (4th baron Braybrooke), “The Romance of the Ring, or the History and Antiquity of Finger Rings,” Saffron Walden, 1856, pp. 25, 26.

[88] Londesborough Collection: Catalogue of a collection of ancient and mediæval rings and personal ornaments, London, 1853, p. 7. Privately printed.

[89] Compte rendu de la Commission Arch. de St. Pétersbourg, 1864, p. 182.

[90] Macrobii, “Saturnalia,” Lipsiæ, 1868, p. 446, lib. vii, cap. 13.

[91] “Historia Naturalis,” liber xxxiii, 24.

[92] Sancti Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi, “Opera Omnis,” vol. iv, col. 702, Etymologiæ, lib. xix, cap. 33, vol. lxxxii of Migne’s Patrologia Latina, Paris, 1850.

[93] “Historia Naturalis,” lib. xxxiii, cap. 6.

[94] Duffield Osborne, “Engraved Gems,” New York, 1912, p. 107.

[95] Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 11.

[96] Martialis, “Epigrammata,” xi, 59.

[97] Martial, Bk. XIV, No. cxxiii; from “Martial translated into English prose,” London, George Bell & Sons, 1897.

[98] Hardy, “Rotuli litterarum patentium in tursi Londinensi asseverati,” London, 1835, vol. i, pt. i, p. 55.

[99] Rymer, “Fœdera,” London, 1727, vol. i, pp. 878, 879.

[100] _Op. cit._, vol. ii, pp. 249, 250, No. 760, illustration.

[101] Schaumi, “De annulis,” Francofurti, 1620, cap. ix.

[102] Col. T. C. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 79. Journal of Indian Art and Industry.

[103] Luciani, “Opera Omnia,” Paris, 1615, p. 712.

[104] Juvenal Sat. I, ll, 26–30.

[105] Schaumi, “De annulis,” Francofurti, 1620, cap. iv.

[106] Tristia, Lib. i, el. vii.

[107] Julii Capitolini, “Maximini duo,” cap. vi; Scriptores hist. August., vol. ii, p. 7.

[108] Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge,” pp. 61–63.

[109] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later, bequeathed by Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, K.C.B. (British Museum),” London, 1912, pp. xxv, xxvii, 1, figs. 6, 15.

[110] Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquoise in the East,” Field Museum of Natural History, Pub. 169, Anthrop. Ser., vol. xiii, No. 1, plate 1; Chicago, July, 1913.

[111] Communicated by J. Alden Weir, N.A., in letter of March 15, 1916.

[112] Journal of Archæology, vol. iii, p. 268.

[113] John Ogilby, Africa, London, 1671, p. 559.

[114] Vogelstein and Rieger, “Geschichte der Juden in Rom,” vol. i, p. 337.

[115] Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, “Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,” vol. iii, p. 373.

[116] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” p. 50, Nos. 278–281; pl. vii, No. 281.

[117] See F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. xxxvii-xlix.

[118] Figured in Caylus, “Receuil d’antiquités,” vol. ii, p. 310.

[119] Sancti Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi, “Opera Omnia,” vol. iv, col. 702, Etymologiæ, lib. xix, cap. 32; vol. lxxxii of Migne’s Patrologia Latina, Paris, 1850.

[120] C. D. E. Fortnum, “Additional Notes on Finger Rings and on Some Engraved Gems of the Early Christian Period,” Archæological Journal.

[121] Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, “L’Antiquité expliqué,” Paris, 1724, Suppl., vol. viii, p. 40; pl. xiv, opp. p. 43, two views, side and front.

[122] M. Deloche: “Étude historique et archéologique sur les anneaux sigillaires,” Paris, 1900, pp. 225, 226, figs.

[123] Friedrich Henkel, “Der Lorscher Ring,” Trier, 1896.

[124] C. W. King, “Notices of Glyptic Archæology exhibited by the Archæological Institute in June, 1861,” London (Report from Archæological Journal), p. 12.

[125] “Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Works of Art at the South Kensington Museum, June, 1862,” section 32, “Rings,” by Edmund Waterton, p. 622.

[126] De Laborde, “Notice des émaux du Musée du Louvre,” 2d Part, “Documents et Glossaire,” p. 131, s. v. Anel.

[127] Cyril Davenport, “Jewellery,” Chicago, 1908, p. 118.

[128] William Jones, “Finger-Ring Lore,” London, 1877, pp. 487, 488.

[129] T. N. Mukharji, “Art Manufactures of India,” Calcutta, 1888, pp. 105–107.

[130] T. N. Mukharji, “Art Manufactures of India,” pp. 124–128, Calcutta, 1888.

[131] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 247, fig.

[132] Col. T. H. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” Journal of Indian Art and Industry, vol. xii, pp. 4, 5; 1907–1909. Figs. on plates 6, 7, 8, 15, 18.

[133] _Ibid._, p. 103.

[134] Communicated by Dr. Berthold Laufer, Curator of Anthropology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

[135] Communicated by Mr. F. W. Partridge, through Mr. Walter C. Wyman.

[136] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest: Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 336, No. 2422, Pl. xxx.

[137] Communicated by Dr. T. Wada, of Tokio.

[138] Hiram Bingham, “The Story of Machu Picchu,” in The National Geographic Magazine, February, 1915, pp. 172–217.

[139] Communicated by Prof. Frederick Starr, of the University of Chicago.

[140] Charles Edwards, “The History and Poetry of Finger-Rings,” New York, 1885, pp. 42–44; quoting from Gleason’s Pictorial Newspaper, December 25, 1852.

[141] Communicated by Dr. Leonard J. Spencer, Curator of the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

[142] Figured in _Journal der Goldschmiede Kunst_, 30 Jahrg., No. 27, Leipzig, July 3, 1909, p. 220.

[143] See also p. 353 of the present work.

[144] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.

[145] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 243, No. 1700, Plate xxiii.

[146] Sir Charles Hercules Read, “The Waddesdon Bequest: Catalogue of the Works of Art Bequeathed to the British Museum by Baron Ferdinand Rothschild, M.P.,” 1898; London, 1902, p. 94.

[147] O. M. Dalton, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval, and Later [British Museum],” London, 1912, p. 87, No. 571, fig.

[148] Communicated by L. Weininger, of Vienna.

[149] The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition, June 6 to September 20, 1916, Cleveland, 1916, p. 68, No. 109.

[150] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, n. d., p. 77, fig. 88. A later edition of this book, dated 1871, bears the title, “Rambles of an Archæologist.”

[151] From the collection of W. Gedney Beatty, New York City.

[152] “Les bagues des tranchées,” _L’Illustration_, July 3, 1915, p. 20, with cuts showing soldiers at work and specimens of their rings.

[153] Frederick William Fairholt, “Rambles of an Artist,” London, 1880, p. 141, fig. 171.

[154] Morris Jastrow, Jr., “The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria,” Philadelphia and London, 1915, pp. 459, 460.

[155] Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, “Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians,” revised by Samuel Birch, New York, 1879, vol. ii, p. 340, note by Birch.

[156] Juvenal, sat. vi, 1, 382.

[157] Persius, sat. i, l, 16.

[158] Juvenal, sat. vii, ll, 143, 144.

[159] _Idem_, sat. xiii, ll, 138, 139.

[160] Ulpian, L., 6 _sqq._, De bon. damnat.

[161] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. 127–129, pl. xx, 778, 785, 790, and text figures 106, 107 on p. 129.

[162] From a personal letter to the writer, dated February 21, 1916.

[163] C. W. King, “Antique Gems and Rings,” London, 1872, p. 373.

[164] See pp. 222, 258–261 of present work, and plate opposite p. 316 of the writer’s, “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” Philadelphia and London, 1913.

[165] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, p. 110, No. 654, pl. xvii.

[166] Bosio, “Roma Sotteranea,” Romæ, 1672, vol. i, p. 211.

[167] Gorlæi, “Dactyliotheca,” 1672, vol. i, p. 211; cited in “Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie,” Paris, 1907, vol. ii, col. 2194, figures.

[168] King, “Natural History of Precious Stones,” London, 1870, p. 297.

[169] Blochmann, “Ain-i-Akbari,” Calcutta, 1871, p. 414 and Wills, “The Land of the Lion and the Sun,” London, 1883, p. 376; cited in Ball, “A Description of Two Large Spinel Rubies,” Dublin, 1894, p. 390; reprint from Proc. of the Roy. Ir. Soc., 3d ser., vol. iii, No. 2.

[170] T. H. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” _Journal of Indian Art and Industry_, vol. xii, 1907–1909, p. 166; pl. 141. Gul-Begum, “The History of Humâyûn,” translated by Annette S. Beveridge, London, 1902, p. 121, note; Orient Trans. Fund, n. s., vol. i.

[171] Hodder M. Westropp, “A Manual of Precious Stones and Antique Gems,” London, 1874, p. 120. No. 1627 of British Museum Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the Dept. of Antiquities, by F. H. Marshall, London, 1907.

[172] Oneirocritica, lib. ii, cap. 5.

[173] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, p. xxxvii; see plate xxiv, Nos. 1621, 1624.

[174] Figured in Leviticus, “Geillustreerde encyclopedie der diamantnijverheid,” Haarlem, 1907, p. 229.

[175] “The Heber R. Bishop Collection of Jades,” New York, vol. ii, p. 259, illustration.

[176] Science, vol. iv, No. 82, pp. 172, 173, with cut of the ring; vol. iv, No. 85, pp. 270, 271, communication by Edward S. Morse on the subject; vol. vi, No. 126, July 3, 1885, reply of George F. Kunz, citing letter of Lieut. G. C. Foulke, U.S.N., of U. S. Legation at Seoul, Corea.

[177] Communicated by Stewart Culin, Brooklyn Institute.

[178] Heinrich Fischer, “Nephrit und Jadeit,” Stuttgart, 1880, pp. 39, 334, fig. 52 on page 39.

[179] George H. Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial Room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, p. 244, fig. 7.

[180] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum,” London, 1907, p. xxxii.

[181] A natural or artificial mixture of gold and silver found native at Vorospotak, Transylvania, and elsewhere, mentioned by Herodotus. The electros, ἧλεκτρος, of Homer and Strabo; Pliny, xxxiii, 23; although this word was most frequently used to designate amber. Varying in specific gravity from 15.5 to 12.5. The ratio of gold to silver is 1:1. Specific gravity of gold, 19.33; silver, pure, 10.5; correspond to 35.3 per cent. of silver, gold 64.7 per cent. Pliny states that when the proportion of silver to gold is 1:4 (20 per cent.), it is called electra.

[182] Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum, ii (5), 767 b, 1, 19.

[183] J. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the ... British Museum,” London, 1907, p. xxxi.

[184] “Heliodorou Aithiopikôn, biblia deka,” Parisiois, 1804, pt. i, pp. 190–192.

[185] C. W. King, “The Natural History of Precious Stones and Gems,” London, 1865, p. 64.

[186] F. H. Marshall, “Catalogue of the Finger Rings, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum,” London, 1907, pp. xxxv, xxxvi.

[187] “Cimeliotheca Musei Nationalis Hungarici sive catalogus historico-criticus antiquitatum raritatum et pretiosorum eius instituti,” Budæ, 1825, p. 136.

[188] Francis Cohen, “St. Martin’s rings,” Archæologia, vol. xviii, pt. i, London, 1815, pp. 55, 56.

[189] Communicated by Prof. A. V. Williams Jackson, of Columbia University, who cites G. B. Browne’s “Literary History of Persia” (London and New York, 1906), vol. ii, p. 123, note 3, and Louisa Stuart Costello, “Rose Garden of Persia,” London, 1887, p. 33.

[190] British Museum, Fourth Egyptian Room, No. 201 (Table Case J).

[191] British Museum, Fourth Egyptian Room, No. 202.

[192] British Museum, Fourth Egyptian Room, No. 204.

[193] British Museum, Fourth Egyptian Room, No. 217.

[194] W. M. Flinders Petrie, “A History of Egypt During the XVII and XVIII Dynasties,” London, 1904, pp. 9, 10.

[195] W. M. Flinders Petrie, “A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the XVI Dynasty,” New York, 1895, p. 42.

[196] New York Historical Society, “Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities,” New York, 1915, p. 63; No. 1046, figs. 1, 2 and 3.

[197] Adolph Furtwängler, “Die Antiken Gemmen,” Leipzig and Berlin, 1900, vol. iii, p. 31.

[198] A descriptive atlas of the Cesnola Collection of Cypriote Antiquities in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, by Louis P. di Cesnola, vol. iii, pt. i, New York, 1903, pl. xxiv, Nos. 12 and 13.

[199] _Ibid_., pl. xxv, figs. 10 and 12.

[200] Alexander Palma di Cesnola, “Salaminia (Cyprus), The History, Treasures and Antiquities of Salamis in the Island of Cyprus,” London, 1884, p. 73, figs. 7 and 13 on pl. vii.

[201] Lib. iii, caps. 40–43.

[202] Pædagogus, lib. iii, cap. ii.

[203] Adolf Furtwängler, “Die Antiken Gemmen,” Berlin, 1900, vol. ii, p. 273, vol. iii, p. 81; see vol. i, plate lxi, No. 11.

[204] Reinach, “Cultes, Mythes et Religions,” Paris, 1906, vol. ii, p. 214.

[205] Duffield Osborne, “Gem Engraving,” New York, 1912, p. 287.

[206] Luciani, “Opera,” vol. iii, Lipsiæ, 1881, pp. 119, 120. Philopseudes, 37.

[207] Plutarchi, “Vitæ,” vol. ii, Lipsiæ, 1879, p. 32. Timoleon, 31.

[208] “De rebus gestis Alexandri Magni, regis Macedoniæ,” lib. vi, No. 6.

[209] Justini, “Historiarum phillipicarum libri XLIV,” lib. xv, cap. 4.

[210] Adolf Furtwängler, “Die antiken Gemmen,” Leipzig and Berlin, 1900, vol. iii, p. 150.

[211] “Le Cabinet de la Bibliothèque de Sainte Geneviève,” by the Rev. Father Claude du Molinet, Paris, 1692, p. 29.

[212] “The Natural History, Ancient and Modern, of Precious Stones and Gems,” London, 1865, pp. 60, 61; Anthology ix, 752; ix, 748.

[213] M. Tullii Ciceronis, “In Verrem, lib. iv,” Oratio nona, cap. 26.

[214] Ciceronis, “In Catilinam,” iii, cap. v.

[215] Georgii Longi, “De annulis signatoriis antiquorum,” Francofurti et Lipsiæ, 1709, p. 24, citing Plutarch’s life of Pompey.

[216] _Ibid._, p. 40.

[217] _Ibid._, p. 115.

[218] Edward T. Newell, “Historia numorum,” Oxford, 1911, p. 159.

[219] W. J. Andrew, “A Remarkable Hoard of Silver Pennies and Halfpennies of the Reign of Stephen, found at Sheldon, Derbyshire, in 1867,” in _The British Numismatic Journal_, 1st ser., vol. vii (1911), pp. 52, 56; see pl. ii, fig. 27.

[220] P. J. Mariette, “Traité des pierre gravées,” Paris, 1750, vol. i, pp. 23, 24.

[221] P. J. Mariette, “Traité des pierre gravées,” Paris, 1750, vol. i, p. 20.

[222] Georgii Longi, “De anulis signatoriis antiquorum,” p. 25; Artemidori, “Oneirocriticon,” lib. v, cap. 32, i, 709.

[223] Josephus, “History of the Jews,” book xix, chap. 2.

[224] Act II, sc. i, ver. 58.

[225] Vopisci, “Divus Aurelianus,” in Scriptores hist. August., vol. ii, p. 184.

[226] Abbé Barrand, “Des bagues à toutes les époques,” Paris, 1864, p. 177; reprint from _Bulletin Monumental_, vol. xxx.

[227] Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxiii.

[228] Suetonii, “Vita Cæsarum,” Tiberius.

[229] Lib. iv, No. vii.

[230] Albert G. Mackey, “The Book of the Chapter: or Monitorial Instructions in the Degrees of Mark, Past and Most Excellent Master and the Royal Arch,” New York, 1858, p. 128.

[231] “Le Cabinet de la Bibliothèque de Sainte Geneviève,” by the Rev. Father Claude du Molinet, Paris, 1692, p. 3, pl. 8, fig. 5, impression of seal; the letters are rather irregularly disposed.

[232] Clementis Alexandrini, “Pædagogus,” lib. iii, cap. ii.

[233] O. M. Dalton, “Franks Bequest, Catalogue of Finger Rings, Early Christian, Byzantine, Teutonic, Mediæval and Later (British Museum),” London, 1912, p. 120, No. 778.

[234] SS. Zenonis et Optati, “Opera omnia,” in Migne’s Patrologia Latina, vol. xi, Paris, 1845; S. Optati, “De schismate Donatistiarum,” lib. i, cap. 10, note.

[235] Philippi Labbæi and Cossarti, “Sacrosancta concilia,” vol. iv, col. 1403.

[236] Deloche, “Le port des anneaux dans l’antiquité romaine, et dans les premiers siècles du moyen âge,” Paris, 1896, pp. 108, 109; from Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxv.

[237] M. Deloche in Revue archéologique, 3d Series, 1886, vol. ii, p. 141 and 1893, vol. i, p. 269.

[238] See also the same writer’s “Étude historique et archéologique sur les anneaux sigillaires,” Paris, 1900, p. 203, fig. This ring was found at Laon, dept. Aisne.

[239] “Anastasis Childerici I Francorum regis, sive Thesaurus sepulchralis Tornaci Nerviorum effossus et commentario illustratus,” Antverpis, ex officina Plantaniana Balthazaris Moreti, 1655. This is a quarto of 367 pages, with 27 plates and copper-plate engravings.

[240] Deloche “Anneaux Sigillaires,” Paris, 1900, pp. 192, 193.

[241] C. W. King, “On the Use of Antique Gems in the Middle Ages.”

[242] “Prolégomènes Historiques,” of Ibn. Kaldoun, in Notices et Extraits des Manuscripts de la Bibliothèque Impériale, vol. xx, pt. i, pp. 61–62, Paris, 1865.

[243] Burton, “Supplementary Nights,” 1868, vol. v, p. 52.

[244] Hammer-Purgstall, “Abhandlung über die Siegel der Araber, Persen und Türken,” Denkschriften der Kaiserl. Akad. der Wissenschaften, Phil.-Hist. Kl., Wien, 1850, p. 29.

[245] _Ibid._, p. 1.

[246] Garzoni, “Piazza Universale,” German transl., Franckfurt am Main, 1641, p. 697.

[247] Jean Baptiste Tavernier, “Relation du Serrail,” Paris, 1702, pp. 480, 481.

[248] O. M. Dalton, “Byzantine Art and Archæology,” Oxford, 1911, p. 540; figs. 319, 320 on p. 537.

[249] Nicetas, “Histoire de l’Empire Grec, Règne de John Comnénus,” Paris, 1693, p. 7.

[250] P. J. Mariette, “Traité des pierres gravées,” Paris, 1750, vol. i, p. 21.

[251] “Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Works of Art at the South Kensington Museum, June, 1862,” section 32, “Rings,” by Edmund Waterton, p. 622.

[252] C. W. King, “Antique Gems and Rings,” London, 1872, p. 399.