Chapter XIX: Edmund Clarence Stedman's Estimate

It should be clearly remembered that Stevenson died at a little over forty--the age at which severity and simplicity and breadth in art but begin to be attained. If Scott had died at the age when Stevenson was taken from us, the world would have lacked the _Waverley Novels_; if a like fate had overtaken Dickens, we should not have had _A Tale of Two Cities_; and under a similar stroke, Goldsmith could not have written _Retaliation_, or tasted the bitter-sweet first night of _She Stoops to Conquer_. At the age of forty-four Mr Thomas Hardy had probably not dreamt of _Tess of the D'Urbervilles_. But what a man has already done at forty years is likely, I am afraid, to be a gauge as well as a promise of what he will do in the future; and from Stevenson we were entitled to expect perfect form and continued variety of subject, rather than a measurable dynamic gain.

This is the point of view which my friend and correspondent of years ago, Mr Edmund Clarence Stedman, of New York, set out by emphasising in his address, as President of the meeting under the auspices of the Uncut Leaves Society in New York, in the beginning of 1895, on the death of Stevenson, and to honour the memory of the great romancer, as reported in the _New York Tribune_:

"We are brought together by tidings, almost from the Antipodes, of the
death of a beloved writer in his early prime. The work of a romancer
and poet, of a man of insight and feeling, which may be said to have
begun but fifteen years ago, has ended, through fortune's sternest
cynicism, just as it seemed entering upon even more splendid
achievement. A star surely rising, as we thought, has suddenly gone
out. A radiant invention shines no more; the voice is hushed of a
creative mind, expressing its fine imagining in this, our peerless
English tongue. His expression was so original and fresh from
Nature's treasure-house, so prodigal and various, its too brief flow
so consummate through an inborn gift made perfect by unsparing toil,
that mastery of the art by which Robert Louis Stevenson conveyed those
imaginings to us so picturesque, yet wisely ordered, his own romantic
life--and now, at last, so pathetic a loss which renews

"'The Virgilian cry,
The sense of tears in mortal things,'

that this assemblage has gathered at the first summons, in tribute to
a beautiful genius, and to avow that with the putting out of that
bright intelligence the reading world experiences a more than wonted
grief.

"Judged by the sum of his interrupted work, Stevenson had his
limitations. But the work was adjusted to the scale of a possibly
long career. As it was, the good fairies brought all gifts, save that
of health, to his cradle, and the gift-spoiler wrapped them in a
shroud. Thinking of what his art seemed leading to--for things that
would be the crowning efforts of other men seemed prentice-work in his
case--it was not safe to bound his limitations. And now it is as if
Sir Walter, for example, had died at forty-four, with the _Waverley
Novels_ just begun! In originality, in the conception of action and
situation, which, however phantastic, are seemingly within reason,
once we breathe the air of his Fancyland; in the union of bracing and
heroic character and adventure; in all that belongs to tale-writing
pure and simple, his gift was exhaustless. No other such charmer, in
this wise, has appeared in his generation. We thought the stories,
the fairy tales, had all been told, but 'Once upon a time' meant for
him our own time, and the grave and gay magic of Prince Florizel in
dingy London or sunny France. All this is but one of his provinces,
however distinctive. Besides, how he buttressed his romance with
apparent truth! Since Defoe, none had a better right to say: 'There
was one thing I determined to do when I began this long story, and
that was to tell out everything as it befell.'

"I remember delighting in two fascinating stories of Paris in the time
of Francois Villon, anonymously reprinted by a New York paper from a
London magazine. They had all the quality, all the distinction, of
which I speak. Shortly afterward I met Mr Stevenson, then in his
twenty-ninth year, at a London club, where we chanced to be the only
loungers in an upper room. To my surprise he opened a
conversation--you know there could be nothing more unexpected than
that in London--and thereby I guessed that he was as much, if not as
far, away from home as I was. He asked many questions concerning 'the
States'; in fact, this was but a few months before he took his
steerage passage for our shores. I was drawn to the young Scotsman at
once. He seemed more like a New-Englander of Holmes's Brahmin caste,
who might have come from Harvard or Yale. But as he grew animated I
thought, as others have thought, and as one would suspect from his
name, that he must have Scandinavian blood in his veins--that he was
of the heroic, restless, strong and tender Viking strain, and
certainly from that day his works and wanderings have not belied the
surmise. He told me that he was the author of that charming book of
gipsying in the Cevennes which just then had gained for him some
attentions from the literary set. But if I had known that he had
written those two stories of sixteenth-century Paris--as I learned
afterwards when they reappeared in the _New Arabian Nights_--I would
not have bidden him good-bye as to an 'unfledged comrade,' but would
have wished indeed to 'grapple him to my soul with hooks of steel.'

"Another point is made clear as crystal by his life itself. He had
the instinct, and he had the courage, to make it the servant, and not
the master, of the faculty within him. I say he had the courage, but
so potent was his birth-spell that doubtless he could not otherwise.
Nothing commonplace sufficed him. A regulation stay-at-home life
would have been fatal to his art. The ancient mandate, 'Follow thy
Genius,' was well obeyed. Unshackled freedom of person and habit was
a prerequisite; as an imaginary artist he felt--nature keeps her poets
and story-tellers children to the last--he felt, if he ever reasoned
it out, that he must gang his own gait, whether it seemed promising,
or the reverse, to kith, kin, or alien. So his wanderings were not
only in the most natural but in the wisest consonance with his
creative dreams. Wherever he went, he found something essential for
his use, breathed upon it, and returned it fourfold in beauty and
worth. The longing of the Norseman for the tropic, of the pine for
the palm, took him to the South Seas. There, too, strange secrets
were at once revealed to him, and every island became an 'Isle of
Voices.' Yes, an additional proof of Stevenson's artistic mission lay
in his careless, careful, liberty of life; in that he was an artist no
less than in his work. He trusted to the impulse which possessed
him--that which so many of us have conscientiously disobeyed and too
late have found ourselves in reputable bondage to circumstances.

"But those whom you are waiting to hear will speak more fully of all
this--some of them with the interest of their personal
remembrance--with the strength of their affection for the man beloved
by young and old. In the strange and sudden intimacy with an author's
record which death makes sure, we realise how notable the list of
Stevenson's works produced since 1878; more than a score of books--not
fiction alone, but also essays, criticism, biography, drama, even
history, and, as I need not remind you, that spontaneous poetry which
comes only from a true poet. None can have failed to observe that,
having recreated the story of adventure, he seemed in his later
fiction to interfuse a subtler purpose--the search for character, the
analysis of mind and soul. Just here his summons came. Between the
sunrise of one day and the sunset of the next he exchanged the forest
study for the mountain grave. There, as he had sung his own wish, he
lies 'under the wide and starry sky.' If there was something of his
own romance, so exquisitely capricious, in the life of Robert Louis
Stevenson, so, also, the poetic conditions are satisfied in his death,
and in the choice of his burial-place upon the top of Pala. As for
the splendour of that maturity upon which we counted, now never to be
fulfilled on sea or land, I say--as once before, when the great New-
England romancer passed in the stillness of the night:

"'What though his work unfinished lies? Half bent
The rainbow's arch fades out in upper air,
The shining cataract half-way down the height
Breaks into mist; the haunting strain, that fell
On listeners unaware,
Ends incomplete, but through the starry night
The ear still waits for what it did not tell.'"

Dr Edward Eggleston finely sounded the personal note, and told of having met Stevenson at a hotel in New York. Stevenson was ill when the landlord came to Dr Eggleston and asked him if he should like to meet him. Continuing, he said:

"He was flat on his back when I entered, but I think I never saw
anybody grow well in so short a time. It was a soul rather than a
body that lay there, ablaze with spiritual fire, good will shining
through everywhere. He did not pay me any compliment about my work,
and I didn't pay him any about his. We did not burn any of the
incense before each other which authors so often think it necessary to
do, but we were friends instantly. I am not given to speedy
intimacies, but I could not help my heart going out to him. It was a
wonderfully invested soul, no hedges or fences across his fields, no
concealment. He was a romanticist; I was--well, I don't know exactly
what. But he let me into the springs of his romanticism then and
there.

"'You go in your boat every day?' he asked. 'You sail? Oh! to write
a novel a man must take his life in his hands. He must not live in
the town.' And so he spoke, in his broad way, of course, according to
the enthusiasm of the moment.

"I can't sound any note of pathos here to-night. Some lives are so
brave and sweet and joyous and well-rounded, with such a completeness
about them that death does not leave imperfection. He never had the
air of sitting up with his own reputation. He let his books toss in
the waves of criticism and make their ports if they deserve to. He
had no claptrap, no great cause, none of the disease of pruriency
which came into fashion with Flaubert and Guy de Maupassant. He
simply told his story, with no condescension, taking the readers into
his heart and his confidence."