Chapter XVI: Section III: Organic Matter (1)

1. VITALITY

_1. Vitality in general_

#357. Organization.—N. organized world, organized nature; living nature, animated nature; living beings; organic remains, fossils. protoplasm, cytoplasm, protein; albumen; structure &c. 329; organization, organism. [Science of living beings] biology; natural history, organic chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology &c. 368; botany; microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology &c. 369; naturalist. archegenesis &c. (production) 161[obs3]; antherozoid[obs3], bioplasm[obs3], biotaxy[obs3], chromosome, dysmeromorph[obs3]; ecology, oecology; erythroblast[Physiol], gametangium[obs3], gamete, germinal matter, invagination[Biol]; isogamy[obs3], oogamy[obs3]; karyaster[obs3]; macrogamete[obs3], microgamete[obs3]; metabolism, anabolism, catabolism; metaplasm[obs3], ontogeny, ovary, ovum, oxidation, phylogeny, polymorphism, protozoa, spermary[obs3], spermatozoon, trophoplasm[obs3], vacuole, vertebration[obs3], zoogloea[obs3], zygote. Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, Lamarkism, neoLamarkism, Weismannism. morphology, taxonomy. Adj. organic, organized; karyoplasmic[obs3], unsegmentic[obs3], vacuolar, zoogloeic[obs3], zoogloeoid[obs3].

#358. Inorganization.—N. mineral world, mineral kingdom; # unorganized matter, inorganic matter, brute matter, inanimate matter. [Science of the mineral kingdom] mineralogy, geology, geognosy[obs3], geoscopy[obs3]; metallurgy, metallography[obs3]; lithology; oryctology|, oryctography|. V. turn to dust; mineralize, fossilize. Adj. inorganic, inanimate, inorganized[obs3]; lithoidal[obs3]; azoic; mineral.

#359. Life.—N. life, vitality, viability; animation; vital spark, # vital flame, soul, spirit. respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air. [devices to sustain respiration] respirator, artificial respirator, heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices &c. 662. lifeblood; Archeus[obs3]; existence &c. 1. vivification; vital force; vitalization; revivification &c. 163; Prometheus; life to come &c. (destiny) 152. [Science of life] physiology, biology; animal ecology. nourishment, staff of life &c. (food) 298. genetics, heredity, inheritance, evolution, natural selection, reproduction (production) 161. microbe, aerobe, anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, halophile[Microbiol], methanogen[Microbiol], archaebacteria[Microb], microaerophile[Microbiol]. animal &c. 366; vegetable &c. 367. artificial life, robot, robotics, artificial intelligence. [vital signs] breathing, breathing rate, heartbeat, pulse, temperature. preservation of life, healing (medicine) 662. V. be alive &c. adj.; live, breathe, respire; subsist &c. (exist) 1; walk the earth "strut and fret one's hour upon the stage" [Macbeth]; be spared. see the light, be born, come into the world, fetch breath, draw breath, fetch the breath of life, draw the breath of life; quicken; revive; come to life. give birth to &c. (produce) 161; bring to life, put into life, vitalize; vivify, vivificate[obs3]; reanimate &c. (restore) 660; keep alive, keep body and soul together, keep the wolf from the door; support life. hive nine lives like a cat. Adj. living, alive; in life, in the flesh, in the land of the living; on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing, quick, animated; animative[obs3]; lively &c. (active) 682; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life; full of life, yeasty. vital, vitalic[obs3]; vivifying, vivified, &c. v.; viable, zoetic[obs3]; Promethean. Adv. vivendi causa[Lat]. Phr. atqui vivere militare est [Lat][Seneca]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat][Marial].

#360. Death.—N. death; decease, demise; dissolution, departure, obit, release, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereavement; mortality, morbidity. end of life &c. 67, cessation of life &c. 142, loss of life, extinction of life, ebb of life &c. 359. death warrant, death watch, death rattle, death bed; stroke of death, agonies of death, shades of death, valley of death, jaws of death, hand of death; last breath, last gasp, last agonies; dying day, dying breath, dying agonies; chant du cygne[Fr]; rigor mortis[Lat]; Stygian shore. King of terrors, King Death; Death; doom &c. (necessity) 601; "Hell's grim Tyrant" [Pope]. euthanasia; break up of the system; natural death, natural decay; sudden death, violent death; untimely end, watery grave; debt of nature; suffocation, asphyxia; fatal disease &c. (disease) 655; death blow &c. (killing) 361. necrology, bills of mortality, obituary; death song &c. (lamentation) 839. V. die, expire, perish; meet one's death, meet one's end; pass away, be taken; yield one's breath, resign one's breath; resign one's being, resign one's life; end one's days, end one's life, end one's earthly career; breathe one's last; cease to live, cease to breathe; depart this life; be no more &c. adj.; go off, drop off, pop off; lose one's life, lay down one's life, relinquish one's life, surrender one's life; drop into the grave, sink into the grave; close one's eyes; fall dead, drop dead, fall down dead, drop down dead; break one's neck; give up the ghost, yield up the ghost; be all over with one. pay the debt to nature, shuffle off this mortal coil, take one's last sleep; go the way of all flesh; hand in one's checks, pass in one's checks, hand in one's chips, pass in one's chips [U.S.]; join the greater number, join the majority; come to dust, turn to dust; cross the Stygian ferry, cross the bar; go to one's long account, go to one's last home, go to Davy Jones's locker, go to the wall; receive one's death warrant, make one's will, step out, die a natural death, go out like the snuff of a candle; come to an untimely end; catch one's death; go off the hooks, kick the bucket, buy the farm, hop the twig, turn up one's toes; die a violent death &c. (be killed) 361. Adj. dead, lifeless; deceased, demised, departed, defunct, extinct; late, gone, no more; exanimate[obs3], inanimate; out of the world, taken off, released; departed this life &c. v.; dead and gone; dead as a doornail, dead as a doorpost[obs3], dead as a mutton, dead as a herring, dead as nits; launched into eternity, gone to one's eternal reward, gone to meet one's maker, pushing up daisies, gathered to one's fathers, numbered with the dead. dying &c. v.; moribund, morient|; hippocratic; in articulo, in extremis; in the jaws of death, in the agony of death; going off; aux abois[Fr]; one one's last legs, on one's death bed; at the point of death, at death's door,, at the last gasp; near one's end, given over, booked; with one foot in the grave, tottering on the brink of the grave. stillborn; mortuary; deadly &c. (killing) 361. Adv. post obit, post mortem[Lat]. Phr. life ebbs, life fails, life hangs by a thread; one's days are numbered, one's hour is come, one's race is run, one's doom is sealed; Death knocks at the door, Death stares one in the face; the breath is out of the body; the grave closes over one; sic itur ad astra [Lat][Vergil]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum[Lat]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori [Lat][Horace]; honesta mors turpi vita potior [Lat][Tacitus]; "in adamantine chains shall death be bound" [Pope]; mors ultima linea rerum est [Lat][Girace]; ominia mors aequat [Lat][Claudianus]; "Spake the grisly Terror" [Paradise Lost]; "the lone couch of this everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; nothing is certain but death and taxes.

#361. [Destruction of live; violent death.] Killing.—N. killing &c. v.; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, trucidation|, iccusion|; effusion of blood; blood, blood shed; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery; battue[obs3]. massacre; fusillade, noyade[obs3]; thuggery, Thuggism[obs3]. deathblow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c. (capital punishment) 972; judicial murder; martyrdom. butcher, slayer, murderer, Cain, assassin, terrorist, cutthroat, garroter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur[obs3]; guet-a-pens; gallows, executioner &c. (punishment) 975; man-eater, apache[obs3], hatchet man [U.S.], highbinder [obs3][U.S.]. regicide, parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, feticide, foeticide[obs3], uxoricide[obs3], vaticide[obs3]. suicide, felo de se[obs3], hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath[obs3]; immolation, auto da fe, holocaust. suffocation, strangulation, garrote; hanging &c. v.; lapidation[obs3]. deadly weapon &c. (arms) 727; Aceldama[obs3]. [Destruction of animals] slaughtering; phthisozoics[obs3]; sport, sporting; the chase, venery; hunting, coursing, shooting, fishing; pig- sticking; sportsman, huntsman, fisherman; hunter, Nimrod; slaughterhouse, meat packing plant, shambles, abattoir. fatal accident, violent death, casualty. V. kill, put to death, slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away life, deprive of life; make away with, put an end to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for. strangle, garrote, hang, throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown. saber; cut down, cut to pieces, cut the throat; jugulate[obs3]; stab, run through the body, bayonet, eviscerate; put to the sword, put to the edge of the sword. shoot dead; blow one's brains out; brain, knock on the head; stone, lapidate[obs3]; give a deathblow; deal a deathblow; give a quietus, give a coupe de grace. behead, bowstring, electrocute, gas &c. (execute) 972. hunt, shoot &c. n. cut off, nip in the bud, launch into eternity, send to one's last account, sign one's death warrant, strike the death knell of. give no quarter, pour out blood like water; decimate; run amuck; wade knee deep in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood. die a violent death, welter in one's blood; dash out one's brains, blow out one's brains; commit suicide; kill oneself, make away with oneself, put an end to oneself, put an end to it all. Adj. killing &c. v.; murderous, slaughterous; sanguinary, sanguinolent[obs3]; blood stained, blood thirsty; homicidal, red handed; bloody, bloody minded; ensanguined[obs3], gory; thuggish. mortal, fatal, lethal; dead, deadly; mortiferous|, lethiferous[obs3]; unhealthy &c. 657; internecine; suicidal. sporting; piscatorial, piscatory[obs3]. Adv. in at the death. Phr. "assassination has never changed the history of the world" [Disraeli].

#362. Corpse.—N. corpse, corse[obs3], carcass, cadaver, bones, # skeleton, dry bones; defunct, relics, reliquiae[Lat], remains, mortal remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay; mummy; carrion; food for worms, food for fishes; tenement of clay this mortal coil. shade, ghost, manes. organic remains, fossils. Adj. cadaverous, corpse-like; unburied &c. 363; sapromyiophyllous[obs3].

#363. Interment.—N. interment, burial, sepulture[obs3]; inhumation|; obsequies, exequies[obs3]; funeral, wake, pyre, funeral pile; cremation. funeral, funeral rite, funeral solemnity; kneel, passing bell, tolling; dirge &c. (lamentation) 839; cypress; orbit, dead march, muffled drum; mortuary, undertaker, mute; elegy; funeral, funeral oration, funeral sermon; epitaph. graveclothes[obs3], shroud, winding sheet, cerecloth; cerement. coffin, shell, sarcophagus, urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque, cinerary urn[obs3]. grave, pit, sepulcher, tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, Golgotha, house of death, narrow house; cemetery, necropolis; burial place, burial ground; grave yard, church yard; God's acre; tope, cromlech, barrow, tumulus, cairn; ossuary; bone house, charnel house, dead house; morgue; lich gate[obs3]; burning ghat[obs3]; crematorium, crematory; dokhma[obs3], mastaba[obs3], potter's field, stupa[obs3], Tower of Silence. sexton, gravedigger. monument, cenotaph, shrine; grave stone, head stone, tomb stone; memento mori[Lat]; hatchment[obs3], stone; obelisk, pyramid. exhumation, disinterment; necropsy, autopsy, post mortem examination[Lat]; zoothapsis[obs3]. V. inter, bury; lay in the grave, consign to the grave, lay in the tomb, entomb, in tomb; inhume; lay out, perform a funeral, embalm, mummify; toll the knell; put to bed with a shovel; inurn[obs3]. exhume, disinter, unearth. Adj. burried &c. v.; burial, funereal, funebrial[obs3]; mortuary, sepulchral, cinerary[obs3]; elegiac; necroscopic[obs3]. Adv. in memoriam; post obit, post mortem[Lat]; beneath the sod. Phr. hic jacet[Lat][obs3], ci-git[Fr]; RIP; requiescat in pace[Lat]; "the lone couch of his everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; "without a grave- unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown" [Byron]; "in the dark union of insensate dust" [Byron]; "the deep cold shadow of the tomb" [Moore].

_2. Special Vitality_

#364. Animality.—N. animal life; animation, animality[obs3], # animalization[obs3]; animalness, corporeal nature, human system; breath. flesh, flesh and blood; physique; strength &c. 159. Adj. fleshly, human, corporeal.

#365. Vegetability|.—N. vegetable life; vegetation, vegetability|; # vegetality[obs3]. V. vegetate, grow roots, put down roots. Adj. rank, lush; vegetable, vegetal, vegetive[obs3].

#366. Animal.—N. animal, animal kingdom; fauna; brute creation.
beast, brute, creature, critter [US dialect], wight, created
being; creeping thing, living thing; dumb animal, dumb creature;
zoophyte. [major divisions of animals] mammal, bird, reptile,
amphibian, fish, crustacean, shellfish, mollusk, worm, insect,
arthropod, microbe. [microscopic animals] microbe, animalcule &c.
193. [reptiles] alligator, crocodile; saurian; dinosaur [extinct];
snake, serpent, viper, eft; asp, aspick[obs3]. [amphibians] frog,
toad. [fishes] trout, bass, tuna, muskelunge, sailfish, sardine,
mackerel. [insects] ant, mosquito, bee, honeybee. [arthropods]
tardigrade, spider. [classification by number of feet] biped,
quadruped. flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild
animals; game, ferae naturae[Lat]; beasts of the field, fowls of
the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse;
blackcock[obs3], duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe. [domesticated
mammals] horse &c. (beast of burden) 271; cattle, kine[obs3], ox;
bull, bullock; cow, milch cow, calf, heifer, shorthorn; sheep;
lamb, lambkin[obs3]; ewe, ram, tup; pig, swine, boar, hog, sow;
steer, stot[obs3]; tag, teg[obs3]; bison, buffalo, yak, zebu, dog,
cat. [dogs] dog, hound; pup, puppy; whelp, cur, mongrel; house
dog, watch dog, sheep dog, shepherd's dog, sporting dog, fancy
dog, lap dog, toy dog, bull dog, badger dog; mastiff; blood hound,
grey hound, stag hound, deer hound, fox hound, otter hound;
harrier, beagle, spaniel, pointer, setter, retriever;
Newfoundland; water dog, water spaniel; pug, poodle; turnspit;
terrier; fox terrier, Skye terrier; Dandie Dinmont; collie.
[cats][generally] feline, puss, pussy; grimalkin[obs3]; gib cat,
tom cat. [wild mammals] fox, Reynard, vixen, stag, deer, hart,
buck, doe, roe; caribou, coyote, elk, moose, musk ox,
sambar[obs3]. bird; poultry, fowl, cock, hen, chicken,
chanticleer, partlet[obs3], rooster, dunghill cock, barn door
fowl; feathered tribes, feathered songster; singing bird, dicky
bird; canary, warbler; finch; aberdevine[obs3], cushat[obs3],
cygnet, ringdove[obs3], siskin, swan, wood pigeon. [undesirable
animals] vermin, varmint[Western US], pest. Adj. animal,
zoological equine, bovine, vaccine, canine, feline, fishy;
piscatory[obs3], piscatorial; molluscous[obs3], vermicular;
gallinaceous, rasorial[obs3], solidungulate[obs3], soliped[obs3].

#367. Vegetable.—N. vegetable, vegetable kingdom; flora, verdure.
plant; tree, shrub, bush; creeper; herb, herbage; grass. annual;
perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic. timber, forest; wood,
woodlands; timberland; hurst[obs3], frith[obs3], holt,
weald[obs3], park, chase, greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice,
bocage[obs3], tope, clump of trees, thicket, spinet, spinney;
underwood, brushwood; scrub; boscage, bosk[obs3], ceja[Sp],
chaparral, motte [obs3][U.S.].; arboretum &c. 371. bush, jungle,
prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass,
turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary[obs3]; sedge, rush, weed;
fungus, mushroom, toadstool; lichen, moss, conferva[obs3], mold;
growth; alfalfa, alfilaria[obs3], banyan; blow, blowth[obs3];
floret[obs3], petiole; pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia.
foliage, branch, bough, ramage[obs3], stem, tigella[obs3]; spray
&c. 51; leaf. flower, blossom, bine[obs3]; flowering plant; timber
tree, fruit tree; pulse, legume. Adj. vegetable, vegetal,
vegetive[obs3], vegitous|; herbaceous, herbal; botanic[obs3];
sylvan, silvan[obs3]; arborary[obs3], arboreous[obs3],
arborescent[obs3], arborical|; woody, grassy; verdant, verdurous;
floral, mossy; lignous[obs3], ligneous; wooden, leguminous;
vosky[obs3], cespitose[obs3], turf-like, turfy; endogenous,
exogenous. Phr. "green-robed senators of mighty woods" [Keats];
"this is the forest primeval" [Longfellow].

#368. [The science of animals.] Zoology.—N. zoology, zoonomy[obs3], zoography[obs3], zootomy[obs3]; anatomy; comparative anatomy; animal physiology, comparative physiology; morphology; mammalogy. anthropology, ornithology, ichthyology, herpetology, ophiology[obs3], malacology[obs3], helminthology[Med], entomology, oryctology[obs3], paleontology, mastology[obs3], vermeology[obs3]; ichthy &c. ichthyotomy[obs3]; taxidermy. zoologist &c. Adj. zoological &c. n.

#369. [The science of plants.] Botany.—N. botany; physiological botany, structural botany, systematic botany; phytography[obs3], phytology[obs3], phytotomy[obs3]; vegetable physiology, herborization[obs3], dendrology, mycology, fungology[obs3], algology[obs3]; flora, romona; botanic garden &c. (garden) 371[obs3]; hortus siccus[Lat], herbarium, herbal. botanist &c.; herbist[obs3], herbarist[obs3], herbalist, herborist[obs3], herbarian[obs3]. V. botanize, herborize[obs3]. Adj. botanical &c. n.; botanic[obs3].

#370. [The economy or management of animals.] Husbandry.—N. husbandry, taming &c. v.; circuration[obs3], zoohygiantics[obs3]; domestication, domesticity; manege[Fr], veterinary art; farriery[obs3]; breeding, pisciculture. menagerie, vivarium, zoological garden; bear pit; aviary, apiary, alveary[obs3], beehive; hive; aquarium, fishery; duck pond, fish pond. phthisozoics &c. (killing) 361[obs3][Destruction of animals]; euthanasia, sacrifice, humane destruction. neatherd[obs3], cowherd, shepherd; grazier, drover, cowkeeper[obs3]; trainer, breeder; apiarian[obs3], apiarist; bull whacker [U.S.], cowboy, cow puncher [U.S.], farrier; horse leech, horse doctor; vaquero, veterinarian, vet, veterinary surgeon. cage &c. (prison) 752; hencoop[obs3], bird cage, cauf[obs3]; range, sheepfold, &c. (inclosure) 232. V. tame, domesticate, acclimatize, breed, tend, break in, train; cage, bridle, &c. (restrain) 751. Adj. pastoral, bucolic; tame, domestic.

#371. [The economy or management of plants.] Agriculture.—N. agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, farming; georgics, geoponics[obs3]; tillage, agronomy, gardening, spade husbandry, vintage; horticulture, arboriculture[obs3], floriculture; landscape gardening; viticulture. husbandman, horticulturist, gardener, florist; agricultor[obs3], agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat, vigneron[obs3], viticulturist; Triptolemus. field, meadow, garden; botanic garden[obs3], winter garden, ornamental garden, flower garden, kitchen garden, market garden, hop garden; nursery; green house, hot house; conservatory, bed, border, seed plot; grassplot[obs3], grassplat[obs3], lawn; park &c. (pleasure ground) 840; parterre, shrubbery, plantation, avenue, arboretum, pinery[obs3], pinetum[obs3], orchard; vineyard, vinery; orangery[obs3]; farm &c. (abode) 189. V. cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset [obs3][U.S.]. Adj. agricultural, agrarian, agrestic[obs3]. arable, predial[obs3], rural, rustic, country; horticultural.

#372. Mankind.—N. man, mankind; human race, human species, human kind, human nature; humanity, mortality, flesh, generation. [Science of man] anthropology, anthropogeny[obs3], anthropography[obs3], anthroposophy[obs3]; ethnology, ethnography; humanitarian. human being; person, personage; individual, creature, fellow creature, mortal, body, somebody; one; such a one, some one; soul, living soul; earthling; party, head, hand; dramatis personae[Lat]; quidam[Lat]. people, persons, folk, public, society, world; community, community at large; general public; nation, nationality; state, realm; commonweal, commonwealth; republic, body politic; million &c. (commonalty) 876; population &c. (inhabitant) 188. tribe, clan (paternity) 166; family (consanguinity) 11. cosmopolite; lords of the creation; ourselves. Adj. human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid. Phr. "am I not a man and a brother?" [Wedgwood].

#373. Man.—N. man, male, he, him; manhood &c. (adolescence) 131; # gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight|!, swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man; husband &c. (married man) 903; Mr., mister; boy &c. (youth) 129. [Male animal] cock, drake, gander, dog, boar, stag, hart, buck, horse, entire horse, stallion; gibcat[obs3], tomcat; he goat, Billy goat; ram, tup; bull, bullock; capon, ox, gelding, steer, stot[obs3]. androgen. homosexual, gay, queen[slang]. V. masculinize Adj. male, he-, masculine; manly, virile; unwomanly, unfeminine. Pron. he, him, his. Phr. hominem pagina nostra sapit [Lat][Mar.]; homo homini aut deus aut lupus [Lat][Erasmus]; homo vitae commodatus non donatus est [Lat][Syrus].

#374. Woman.—N. woman, she, her, female, petticoat.
#
feminality[obs3], muliebrity[obs3]; womanhood &c. (adolescence)
131.
womankind; the sex, the fair; fair sex, softer sex; weaker vessel.
dame, madam, madame, mistress, Mrs. lady, donna belle[Sp], matron,
dowager, goody, gammer[obs3]; Frau[Ger], frow[obs3], Vrouw[Dutch],
rani;
good woman, good wife; squaw; wife &c. (marriage) 903; matronage,
matronhood[obs3].
bachelor girl, new woman, feminist, suffragette, suffragist.
nymph, wench, grisette[obs3]; girl &c. (youth) 129.
[Effeminacy] sissy, betty, cot betty [U.S.], cotquean[obs3],
henhussy[obs3], mollycoddle, muff, old woman.
[Female animal] hen, bitch, sow, doe, roe, mare; she goat, Nanny
goat,
tabita; ewe, cow; lioness, tigress; vixen.
gynecaeum[obs3].
estrogen, oestrogen.
consanguinity &c. 166[female relatives], paternity &c. 11.
lesbian, dyke[slang].
V. feminize.
Adj. female, she-; feminine, womanly, ladylike, matronly,
maidenly,
wifely; womanish, effeminate, unmanly; gynecic[obs3], gynaecic[obs3].
Pron. she, her, hers.
Phr. "a perfect woman nobly planned" [Wordsworth]; "a lovely lady
garmented in white" [Shelley]; das Ewig-Weibliche zieht uns hinan
[Ger][Goethe]; "earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected" [Lowell]; es
de
vidrio la mujer[Sp]; "she moves a goddess and she looks a queen"
[Pope];
"the beauty of a lovely woman is like music" [G. Eliot]; varium et
mutabile
semper femina [Lat][Vergil]; "woman is the lesser man" [Tennyson].

#374a. Sexuality [human]—N. sex, sexuality, gender; male,
#
masculinity, maleness &c. 373; female, femininity &c. 374.
sexual intercourse, copulation, mating, coitus, sex; lovemaking,
marital relations, sexual union; sleeping together, carnal knowledge.
sex instinct, sex drive, libido, lust, concupiscence; hots, horns
[coll]; arousal, heat, rut, estrus, oestrus; tumescence; erection,
hard-on,
boner.
masturbation, self-gratification, autoeroticism, onanism,
self-abuse.
orgasm, climax, ejaculation.
sexiness, attractiveness; sensuality, voluptuousness.
[sexual intercourse outside of marriage] fornication, adultery.
[person who is sexy] sex symbol, sex goddess; stud, hunk.
one-night stand.
pornography, porn, porno; hardcore pornography, softcore
pornography;
pin-up, cheesecake; beefcake; Playboy[magazines with sexual photos],
Esquire, Hustler.
[unorthodox sexual activity] perversion, deviation, sexual
abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality;
sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism, masochism, sado-masochism; incest.
V. mate, copulate; make love, have intercourse, fornicate, have
sex,
do it, sleep together, fuck[vulg.]; sleep around, play the field..
masturbate, jerk off[coll.], jack off[coll.], play with oneself.
have the hots[coll]; become aroused, get hot; have an erection,
get it
up.
come, climax, ejaculate.
Adj. sexy, erotic, sexual, carnal, sensual.
hot, horny, randy, rutting; passionate, lusty, hot-blooded,
libidinous; up, in the mood.
homosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual.

2. SENSATION

_1. Sensation in general_

#375. Physical Sensibility.—N. sensibility; sensitiveness &c. adj.;
#
physical sensibility, feeling, impressibility, perceptivity,
aesthetics;
moral sensibility &c. 822.
sensation, impression; consciousness &c. (knowledge) 490.
external senses.
V. be sensible of &c. adj.; feel, perceive.
render sensible &c. adj.; sharpen, cultivate, tutor.
cause sensation, impress; excite an impression, produce an
impression.
Adj. sensible, sensitive, sensuous; aesthetic, perceptive,
sentient;
conscious &c. (aware) 490.
acute, sharp, keen, vivid, lively, impressive, thin-skinned.
Adv. to the quick.
Phr. "the touch'd needle trembles to the pole" [Pope].

#376. Physical Insensibility.—N. insensibility, physical insensibility; obtuseness &c. adj.; palsy, paralysis, paraesthesia[Med], anaesthesia; sleep &c. 823; hemiplegia[obs3], motor paralysis; vegetable state; coma. anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen[ISA:chemsubcfs]; refrigeration. V. be insensible &c. adj.; have a thick skin, have a rhinoceros hide. render insensible &c. adj.; anaesthetize[obs3], blunt, pall, obtund[obs3], benumb, paralyze; put under the influence of chloroform &c. n.; stupefy, stun. Adj. insensible, unfeeling, senseless, impercipient[obs3], callous, thick-skinned, pachydermatous; hard, hardened; case hardened; proof, obtuse, dull; anaesthetic; comatose, paralytic, palsied, numb, dead.

#377. Physical Pleasure.—N. pleasure; physical pleasure, sensual pleasure, sensuous pleasure; bodily enjoyment, animal gratification, hedonism, sensuality; luxuriousness &c. adj.; dissipation, round of pleasure, titillation, gusto, creature comforts, comfort, ease; pillow &c. (support) 215; luxury, lap of luxury; purple and fine linen; bed of downs, bed of roses; velvet, clover; cup of Circe &c. (intemperance) 954. treat; refreshment, regale; feast; delice[Fr]; dainty &c. 394; bonne bouche[Fr]. source of pleasure &c. 829; happiness &c. (mental enjoyment) 827. V. feel pleasure, experience pleasure, receive pleasure; enjoy, relish; luxuriate in, revel in, riot in, bask in, swim in, drink up, eat up, wallow in; feast on; gloat over, float on; smack the lips. live on the fat of the land, live in comfort &c. adv.; bask in the sunshine, faire ses choux gras[Fr].. give pleasure &c. 829. Adj. enjoying &c. v.; luxurious, voluptuous, sensual, comfortable, cosy, snug, in comfort, at ease. pleasant, agreeable &c. 829. Adv. in comfort &c. n.; on a bed of roses &c. n.; at one's ease. Phr. ride si sapis [Lat][Martial]; voluptales commendat rarior usus [Lat][Juvenal].

#378. Physical Pain.—N. pain; suffering, sufferance, suffrance[obs3]; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily suffering, physical suffering, body pain; mental suffering &c. 828; dolour, ache; aching &c. v.; smart; shoot, shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris[Lat]; hurt, cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia[Med], earache, gout, ischiagra[obs3], lumbago, neuralgia, odontalgia[obs3], otalgia[obs3], podagra[obs3], rheumatism, sciatica; tic douloureux[Fr], toothache, tormina[obs3], torticollis[obs3]. spasm, cramp; nightmare, ephialtes[obs3]; crick, stitch; thrill, convulsion, throe; throb &c. (agitation) 315; pang; colic; kink. sharp pain, piercing pain, throbbing pain, shooting pain, sting, gnawing pain, burning pain; excruciating pain. anguish, agony; torment, torture; rack; cruciation[obs3], crucifixion; martyrdom, toad under a harrow, vivisection. V. feel pain, experience pain, suffer pain, undergo pain &c. n.; suffer, ache, smart, bleed; tingle, shoot; twinge, twitch, lancinate[obs3]; writhe, wince, make a wry face; sit on thorns, sit on pins and needles. give pain, inflict pain; lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize; crucify; cruciate[obs3], excruciate|; break on the wheel, put to the rack; flog &c. (punish) 972; grate on the ear &c. (harsh sound) 410. Adj. in pain &c. n., in a state of pain; pained &c. v.; gouty, podagric[obs3], torminous[obs3]. painful; aching &c. v.; sore, raw.

_2. Special Sensation_

_(1) Touch_

#379. [Sensation of pressure] Touch.—N. touch; tact, taction[obs3], tactility; feeling; palpation, palpability; contrectation[obs3]; manipulation; massage. [Organ of touch] hand, finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler, antenna; palpus[obs3]. V. touch, feel, handle, finger, thumb, paw, fumble, grope, grabble; twiddle, tweedle; pass the fingers over, run the fingers over; manipulate, wield; throw out a feeler. Adj. tactual, tactile; tangible, palpable; lambent.

#380. Sensations of Touch.—N. itching, pruritis &c. v[Med].; # titillation, formication[obs3], aura; stereognosis[obs3]. V. itch, tingle, creep, thrill, sting; prick, prickle; tickle, titillate. Adj. itching &c. v.; stereognostic[obs3], titillative.

#381. [insensibility to touch.] Numbness.—N. numbness &c. (physical # insensibility) 376; anaesthesia; pins and needles. V. benumb &c. 376. Adj. numb; benumbed &c. v.; deadened; intangible, impalpable.

_(2) Heat_

#382. Heat.—N. heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor, calidity[obs3]; incalescence[obs3], incandescence; glow, flush; fever, hectic. phlogiston; fire, spark, scintillation, flash, flame, blaze; bonfire; firework, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny[obs3]; wildfire; sheet of fire, lambent flame; devouring element; adiathermancy[obs3]; recalescence[Phys]. summer, dog days; canicular days[obs3]; baking &c. 384 heat, white heat, tropical heat, Afric heat[obs3], Bengal heat[obs3], summer heat, blood heat; sirocco, simoom; broiling sun; insolation; warming &c. 384. sun &c. (luminary) 423. [Science of heat] pyrology[obs3]; thermology[obs3], thermotics[obs3], thermodynamics; thermometer &c. 389. [thermal units] calorie, gram-calorie, small calorie; kilocalorie, kilogram calorie, large calorie; British Thermal Unit, B.T.U.; therm, quad. [units of temperature] degrees Kelvin, kelvins, degrees centigrade, degrees Celsius; degrees Fahrenheit. V. be hot &c. adj.; glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek, stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, blister, broil, blaze, flame; smolder; parch, fume, pant. heat &c. (make hot) 384; recalesce[obs3]; thaw, give. Adj. hot, warm, mild, genial, tepid, lukewarm, unfrozen; thermal, thermic; calorific; fervent, fervid; ardent; aglow. sunny, torrid, tropical, estival|!, canicular[obs3], steamy; close, sultry, stifling, stuffy, suffocating, oppressive; reeking &c. v.; baking &c. 384. red hot, white hot, smoking hot, burning &c. v. hot, piping hot; like a furnace, like an oven; burning, hot as fire, hot as pepper; hot enough to roast an ox, hot enough to boil an egg. fiery; incandescent, incalescent[obs3]; candent[obs3], ebullient, glowing, smoking; live; on fire; dazzling &c. v.; in flames, blazing, in a blaze; alight, afire, ablaze; unquenched, unextinguished[obs3]; smoldering; in a heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a perspiration, in a sweat; sudorific[obs3]; sweltering, sweltered; blood hot, blood warm; warm as a toast, warm as wool. volcanic, plutonic, igneous; isothermal|!, isothermic|!, isotheral|!. Phr. not a breath of air; "whirlwinds of tempestuous fire" [Paradise Lost].

#383. Cold.—N. cold, coldness &c. adj.; frigidity, inclemency, fresco. winter; depth of winter, hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind-chill factor. [forms of frozen water] ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost, white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze [U. S.], lolly [obs3][N. Am.]; icicle, thick-ribbed ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe berg; glacier; neve, serac[obs3]; pruina[obs3]. [cold substances] freezing mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. [Sensation of cold] chilliness &c. adj.; chill; shivering &c. v.; goose skin, horripilation[obs3]; rigor; chattering of teeth; numbness, frostbite. V. be cold &c. adj[intrans.].; shiver, starve, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder[obs3], quiver; freeze, freeze to death, perish with cold. [transitive] chill, freeze &c. (render cold) 385; horripilate[obs3], make the skin crawl, give one goose flesh. Adj. cold, cool; chill, chilly; icy; gelid, frigid, algid[obs3]; fresh, keen, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous[obs3], cutting, nipping, piercing, pinching; clay-cold; starved &c. (made cold) 385; chilled to the bone, shivering &c. v.; aguish, transi de froid[Fr]; frostbitten, frost-bound, frost-nipped. cold as a stone, cold as marble, cold as lead, cold as iron, cold as a frog, cold as charity, cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber, cool as custard. icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, pruinose[obs3], wintry, brumal[obs3], hibernal[obs3], boreal, arctic, Siberian, hyemal[obs3]; hyperborean, hyperboreal[obs3]; icebound; frozen out. unwarmed[obs3], unthawed[obs3]; lukewarm, tepid; isocheimal[obs3], isocheimenal[obs3], isocheimic[obs3]. frozen, numb, frost-bitten. Adv. coldly, bitterly &c. adj.; pierre fendre[Fr];

#384. Calefaction.—N. increase of temperature; heating &c. v.; calefaction[obs3], tepefaction[obs3], torrefaction[obs3]; melting, fusion; liquefaction &c. 335; burning &c. v.; ambustion[obs3], combustion; incension|, accension[obs3]; concremation[obs3], cremation; scorification[obs3]; cautery, cauterization; ustulation[obs3], calcination; cracking, refining; incineration, cineration[obs3]; carbonization; cupellation[Chem]. ignition, inflammation, adustion[obs3], flagration| [obs3]; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis[obs3], incendiarism; arson; auto dafe[Fr]. boiling &c. v.; coction[obs3], ebullition, estuation[obs3], elixation|, decoction; ebullioscope[obs3]; geyser; distillation (vaporization) 336. furnace &c. 386; blanket, flannel, fur; wadding &c. (lining) 224; clothing &c. 225. still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower. match &c. (fuel) 388; incendiary; petroleuse[Fr]; [biological effects resembling the effects of heat][substances causing a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue] cauterizer[obs3]; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali, apozem[obs3], moxa[obs3]; acid, aqua fortis[Lat], aqua regia; catheretic[obs3], nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric acid[ISA:CHEMSUB], nitromuriatic acid[ISA:CHEMSUBPREFIX]; radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays, X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation, radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium, radon, radium. sunstroke, coup de soleil[Fr]; insolation. [artifacts requiring heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics, crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware; pot, mug, terra cotta[Sp], brick, clinker. [products of combustion] cinder, ash, scoriae, embers, soot; slag. [products of heating organic materials] coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha[ISA:CHEMSUB], fuel oil (fuel) 388; wax, paraffin; residue, tar. inflammability, combustibility. [Transmission of heat] diathermancy[obs3], transcalency[obs3], conduction; convection; radiation, radiant heat; heat conductivity, conductivity. [effects of heat 2.] thermal expansion; coefficient of expansion. V. heat, warm, chafe, stive[obs3], foment; make hot &c. 382; sun oneself, sunbathe. go up in flames, burn to the ground (flame) 382. fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume[obs3]; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. melt, thaw, fuse; liquefy &c. 335. burn, inflame, roast, toast, fry, grill, singe, parch, bake, torrefy[obs3], scorch; brand, cauterize, sear, burn in; corrode, char, calcine, incinerate; smelt, scorify[obs3]; reduce to ashes; burn to a cinder; commit to the flames, consign to the flames. boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags. take fire, catch fire; blaze &c. (flame) 382. Adj. heated &c. v.; molten, sodden; rchauff; heating &c. v.; adust[obs3]. inflammable, combustible; diathermal[obs3], diathermanous[obs3]; burnt &c. v.; volcanic, radioactive.

#385. Refrigeration.—N. refrigeration, infrigidation[obs3], reduction of temperature; cooling &c. v.; congelation[obs3], conglaciation| [obs3]; ice &c. 383; solidification &c. (density) 321; ice box (refrigerator) 385.. extincteur[Fr]; fire annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3]; earth-flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388a. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj[obs3]. (insulation) 388a. air conditioning[residential cooling], central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier. V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate[obs3], nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one's teeth chatter, damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388a.. Adj. cooled &c. v.; frozen out; cooling &c. v.; frigorific[obs3].

#386. Furnace.—N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber; athanor[obs3], hypocaust[obs3], reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier[obs3], salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat. [steel-making furnace] open-hearth furnace. fireplace, gas fireplace; coal fire, wood fire; fire-dog, fire-irons; grate, range, kitchener; caboose, camboose[obs3]; poker, tongs, shovel, ashpan, hob, trivet; andiron, gridiron; ashdrop; frying-pan, stew-pan, backlog. [area near a fireplace] hearth, inglenook. [residential heating methods] oil burner, gas burner, Franklin stove, pot-bellied stove; wood-burning stove; central heating, steam heat, hot water heat, gas heat, forced hot air, electric heat, heat pump; solar heat, convective heat. hothouse, bakehouse[obs3], washhouse[obs3]; laundry; conservatory; sudatory[obs3]; Turkish bath, Russian bath, vapor bath, steam bath, sauna, warm bath; vaporarium[obs3].

#387. Refrigerator.—N. refrigerator, refrigeratory[obs3]; frigidarium[obs3]; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory; icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper, polyurethane cooler; wine cooler. freezer, deep freeze, dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer, refigerator-freezer. freezing mixture[refrigerating substances], ice, ice cubes, blocks of ice, chipped ice; liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone, liquid helium.

#388. Fuel.—N. fuel, firing, combustible.
[solid fuels] coal, wallsend[obs3], anthracite, culm[obs3], coke,
carbon, charcoal, bituminous coal, tar shale; turf, peat,
firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; cinder &c. (products of
combustion) 384; ingle, tinder, touchwood; sulphur, brimstone;
incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball, brand; amadou[obs3],
bavin[obs3]; blind coal, glance coal; German tinder, pyrotechnic
sponge, punk, smudge [U. S.]; solid fueled rocket. [fuels for
candles and lamps] wax, paraffin wax, paraffin oil; lamp oil,
whale oil. [liquid fuels] oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane
gasoline, nitromethane[ISA:CHEMSUB@fuel], petrol, gas, juice
[coll.], gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene,
jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil, number 4 oil, naphtha; rocket
fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen,
lox. [gaseous fuels] natural gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas,
propane, butane, hydrogen. brand, torch, fuse; wick; spill, match,
light, lucifer, congreve[obs3], vesuvian, vesta[obs3], fusee,
locofoco[obs3]; linstock[obs3]. candle &c. (luminary) 423; oil &c.
(grease) 356. Adj. carbonaceous; combustible, inflammable; high
octane, high specific impulse; heat of combustion,.

#388a. Insulation, Fire extinction. {ant. of 388}—insulation,
#
incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire retardant, flame
retardant; fire wall, fire door.
incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj.
extincteur[Fr]; fire annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3];
earth-flax, mountain-flax; asbestos; fireman, fire fighter, fire eater,
fire department, fire brigade, engine company; pumper, fire truck, hook
and
ladder, aerial ladder, bucket; fire hose, fire hydrant.
[forest fires] backfire, firebreak, trench; aerial water
bombardment.
wet blanket; fire extinguisher, soda and acid extinguisher, dry
chemical extinguisher, CO-two extinguisher, carbon tetrachloride, foam;
sprinklers, automatic sprinkler system; fire bucket, sand bucket.
[warning of fire] fire alarm, evacuation alarm,
[laws to prevent fire] fire code, fire regulations, fire; fire
inspector; code violation, citation.
V. go out, die out, burn out; fizzle.
extinguish; damp, slack, quench, smother; put out, stamp out;
douse,
snuff, snuff out, blow out.
fireproof, flameproof.
Adj. incombustible; nonflammable, uninflammable,
unflammable[obs3]; fireproof.
Phr. fight fire with fire

#389. Thermometer.—N. thermometer, thermometrograph[obs3], mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, clinical thermometer, dry-bulb thermometer, wet-bulb thermometer, Anschutz thermometer[Ger], gas thermometer, telethermometer; color-changing temperature indicator; thermopile, thermoscope[obs3]; pyrometer, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter; thermistor, thermocouple. [temperature-control devices] thermostat, thermoregulator.

_(3) Taste_

#390. Taste.—N. taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor; gout, relish;
#
sapor|, sapidity[obs3]; twang, smack, smatch| [obs3]; aftertaste, tang.
tasting; degustation, gustation.
palate, tongue, tooth, stomach.
V. taste, savor, smatch[obs3], smack, flavor, twang; tickle the
palate
&c. (savory) 394; smack the lips.
Adj. sapid, saporific[obs3]; gustable|, gustatory; gustful[obs3];
strong, gamy; palatable &c. 394.

#391. Insipidity.—N. insipidity, blandness; tastelessness &c. adj. # V. be tasteless &c. adj. Adj. bland, void of taste &c. 390; insipid; tasteless, gustless|, savorless; ingustible|, mawkish, milk and water, weak, stale, flat, vapid, fade, wishy-washy, mild; untasted[obs3].

#392. Pungency.—N. pungency, piquance, piquancy, poignancy haut- gout, strong taste, twang, race. sharpness &c. adj.; acrimony; roughness &c. (sour) 392; unsavoriness &c. 395. mustard, cayenne, caviare; seasoning &c. (condiment) 393; niter, saltpeter, brine (saltiness) 392a; carbonate of ammonia; sal ammoniac[obs3], sal volatile, smelling salts; hartshorn (acridity) 401a. dram, cordial, nip. nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar[obs3]; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid[obs3], negro head, old soldier, rappee[obs3], stogy[obs3]. V. be pungent &c. adj.; bite the tongue. render -pungent &c. adj.; season, spice, salt, pepper, pickle, brine, devil. smoke, chew, take snuff. Adj. pungent, strong; high-, full-flavored; high-tasted, high- seasoned; gamy, sharp, stinging, rough, piquant, racy; biting, mordant; spicy; seasoned &c. v.; hot, hot as pepper; peppery, vellicating[obs3], escharotic[obs3], meracious|; acrid, acrimonious, bitter; rough &c. (sour) 397; unsavory &c. 395.

#392a. Saltiness.—N. saltiness.
#
niter, saltpeter, brine.
Adj. salty, salt, saline, brackish, briny; salty as brine, salty
as a
herring, salty as Lot's wife.
salty, racy (indecent) 961.
Phr. take it with a grain of salt.

#392b. Bitterness—N. bitterness, acridness[obs3], acridity,
#
acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood; bitters,
astringent
bitters.
[additive for alcoholic beverages]Angostura aromatic bitters.
sourness &c. 397; pungency &c. 392.
[bitter substances] alkaloids; turmeric.
Adj. bitter, bitterish, acrid, acerb, acerbic.
Phr. bitter as gall; bitter pill to take; sugar coating on a
bitter
pill.

#393. Condiment.—N. condiment, seasoning, sauce, spice, relish,
#
appetizer.
[exlist] salt; mustard, grey poupon mustard; pepper, black
pepper,
white pepper, peppercorn, curry, sauce piquante[Fr]; caviare, onion,
garlic, pickle; achar[obs3], allspice; bell pepper, Jamaica pepper,
green
pepper; chutney; cubeb[obs3], pimento.
[capsicum peppers] capsicum, red pepper, chili peppers, cayenne.
nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, oregano, cloves, fennel.
[herbs] pot herbs, parsley, sage, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves,
marjoram.
[fragrant woods and gums] frankincense, balm, myrrh.
[from pods] paprika.
[from flower stigmas] saffron.
[from roots] ginger, turmeric.
V. season, spice, flavor, spice up &c. (render pungent) 392.

#394. Savoriness.—N. savoriness &c. adj.; good taste,
#
deliciousness, delectability.
relish, zest; appetizer.
tidbit, titbit[obs3], dainty, delicacy, tasty morsel; appetizer,
hors
d'ouvres[Fr.]; ambrosia, nectar, bonne-bouche[Fr]; game, turtle,
venison;
delicatessen.
V. be savory &c. adj.; tickle the palate, tickle the appetite;
flatter
the palate.
render palatable &c. adj.
relish, like, smack the lips.
Adj. savory, delicious, tasty, well-tasted, to one's taste, good,
palatable, nice, dainty, delectable; toothful[obs3], toothsome;
gustful[obs3], appetizing, lickerish[obs3], delicate, exquisite, rich,
luscious, ambrosial, scrumptious, delightful.
Adv. per amusare la bocca
Phr[It]. cela se laisse manger[Fr].

#395. Unsavoriness.—N. unsavoriness &c. adj.; amaritude[obs3]; acrimony, acridity (bitterness) 392b; roughness &c. (sour) 397; acerbity, austerity; gall and wormwood, rue, quassia[obs3], aloes; marah[obs3]; sickener[obs3]. V. be unpalatable &c. adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn the stomach. Adj. unsavory, unpalatable, unsweetened, unsweet[obs3]; ill-flavored; bitter, bitter as gall; acrid, acrimonious; rough. offensive, repulsive, nasty; sickening &c. v.; nauseous; loathsome, fulsome; unpleasant &c. 830.

#396. Sweetness.—N. sweetness, dulcitude[obs3]. # sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, manna; confection, confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve, confiture[obs3], jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum; licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube, comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose; maple sirup[obs3], maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai[obs3], sorghum, taffy. nectar; hydromel[obs3], mead, meade[obs3], metheglin[obs3], honeysuckle, liqueur, sweet wine, aperitif. [sources of sugar] sugar cane, sugar beets. [sweet foods] desert, pastry, pie, cake, candy, ice cream, tart, puff, pudding (food) 298. dulcification|, dulcoration|. sweetener, corn syrup, cane sugar, refined sugar, beet sugar, dextrose; artificial sweetener, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, Sweet'N Low. V. be sweet &c. adj. render sweet &c. adj.; sweeten; edulcorate[obs3]; dulcorate|, dulcify|; candy; mull. Adj. sweet; saccharine, sacchariferous[obs3]; dulcet, candied, honied[obs3], luscious, lush, nectarious[obs3], melliferous[obs3]; sweetened &c. v. sweet as a nut, sweet as sugar, sweet as honey. sickly sweet. Phr. eau sucre[Fr]; "sweets to the sweet" [Hamlet].

#397. Sourness.—N. sourness &c. adj.; acid, acidity, low pH;
#
acetous fermentation, lactic fermentation.
vinegar, verjuice[obs3], crab, alum; acetic acid, lactic acid.
V. be sour; sour, turn sour &c. adj.; set the teeth on edge.
render sour &c. adj.; acidify, acidulate.
Adj. sour; acid, acidulous, acidulated; tart, crabbed; acetous,
acetose[obs3]; acerb, acetic; sour as vinegar, sourish, acescent[obs3],
subacid[Chem]; styptic, hard, rough.
Phr. sour as a lemon.

_(4) Odor_

#398. Odor.—N. odor, smell, odorament|, scent, effluvium;
#
emanation, exhalation; fume, essence, trail, nidor|, redolence.
sense of smell; scent; act of smelling &c. v.; olfaction,
olfactories[obs3].
[pleasant odor] fragrance &c. 400.
odorant.
[animal with acute sense of smell] bloodhound, hound.
[smell detected by a hound] spoor.
V. have an odor &c. n.; smell, smell of, smell strong of; exhale;
give
out a smell &c. n.; reek, reek of; scent.
smell, scent; snuff, snuff up; sniff, nose, inhale.
Adj. odorous, odoriferous; smelling, reeking, foul-smelling,
strong-
scented; redolent, graveolent[obs3], nidorous[obs3], pungent; putrid,
foul.
[Relating to the sense of smell] olfactory, quick-scented.

#399. Inodorousness.—N. inodorousness[obs3]; absence of smell, want
#
of smell.
deodorant, deodorization, deodorizer.
V. be inodorous &c. adj[obs3].; not smell.
deodorize.
Adj. inodorous[obs3], onodorate; scentless; without smell, wanting
smell &c. 398.
deodorized, deodorizing.

#400. Fragrance.—N. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume, bouquet, essence, scent; sweet smell, aromatic perfume. agalloch[obs3], agallochium[obs3]; aloes wood; bay rum; calambac[obs3], calambour[obs3]; champak[obs3], horehound[ISA:plant@mint], lign-aloes[obs3], marrubium[obs3], mint, muskrat, napha water[obs3], olibanum[obs3], spirit of myrcia[obs3]. essential oil. incense; musk, frankincense; pastil[obs3], pastille; myrrh, perfumes of Arabia[obs3]; otto[obs3], ottar[obs3], attar; bergamot, balm, civet, potpourri, pulvil|; nosegay; scentbag[obs3]; sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigrette; eau de Cologne[Fr], toilet water, lotion, after-shave lotion; thurification[obs3]. perfumer. [fragrant wood oils] eucalyptus oil, pinene. V. be fragrant &c. adj.; have a perfume &c. n.; smell sweet. scent[render fragrant], perfume, embalm. Adj. fragrant, aromatic, redolent, spicy, savory, balmy, scented, sweet-smelling, sweet-scented; perfumed, perfumatory[obs3]; thuriferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine[obs3], ambrosial.

#401. Fetor.—N. fetor[obs3]; bad &c. adj. smell, bad odor; stench, stink; foul odor, malodor; empyreuma[obs3]; mustiness &c. adj.; rancidity; foulness &c. (uncleanness) 653. stoat, polecat, skunk; assafoetida[obs3]; fungus, garlic; stinkpot; fitchet[obs3], fitchew[obs3], fourmart[obs3], peccary. acridity &c. 401a. V. have a bad smell &c. n.; smell; stink, stink in the nostrils, stink like a polecat; smell strong &c. adj., smell offensively. Adj. fetid; strong-smelling; high, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive, noisome, rank, rancid, reasty[obs3], tainted, musty, fusty, frouzy[obs3]; olid[obs3], olidous|; nidorous[obs3]; smelling, stinking; putrid &c. 653; suffocating, mephitic; empyreumatic[obs3].

#401a. Acridity—N. acridity, astringency, bite.
#
[acrid substances] tear gas; smoke, acrid fumes.
Adj. acrid, biting, astringent, sharp, harsh; bitter &c. 392b.

_(5) Sound_

(i) SOUND IN GENERAL

#402. Sound.—N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation, tone; cadence; sonorousness &c. adj.; audibility; resonance &c. 408; voice &c. 580; aspirate; ideophone[obs3]; rough breathing. [Science, of sound] acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology, phonography[obs3]; diacoustics[obs3], diaphonics[obs3]; phonetism[obs3]. V. produce sound; sound, make a noise; give out sound, emit sound; resound &c. 408. Adj. sounding; soniferous[obs3]; sonorous, sonorific[obs3]; resonant, audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic[obs3]. Phr. "a thousand trills and quivering sounds" [Addison]; forensis strepitus[Lat].

#403. Silence.—N. silence; stillness &c. (quiet) 265; peace, hush, lull; muteness &c. 581; solemn silence, awful silence, dead silence, deathlike silence. V. be silent &c. adj.; hold one's tongue &c. (not speak) 585. render silent &c. adj.; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c. (render mute) 581. Adj. silent; still, stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c. v.; mute &c. 581. soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c. (faint) 405. Adv. silently &c. adj.; sub silentio[Lat]. Int. hush! silence! soft! whist! tush! chut[obs3]! tut! pax[Lat]! be quiet! be silent! be still! shut up![rude]; chup[obs3]! chup rao[obs3]! tace[It]! Phr. one might hear a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden still [German]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas sages [French]; le silence est le parti le plus sar de celui se dfie de soi-meme[French]; "silence more musical than any song" [C. G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant[Latin]; better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak up and remove all doubt.

#404. Loudness.—N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang, clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation[obs3], roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery[obs3], fracas, charivari[obs3], trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre[obs3], peal, swell, blast, larum[obs3], boom; bang (explosion) 406; resonance &c. 408. vociferation, hullabaloo, &c. 411; lungs; Stentor. artillery, cannon; thunder. V. be loud &c. adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare, fulminate, roar; resound &c. 408. speak up, shout &c. (vociferate) 411; bellow &c. (cry as an animal) 412. rend the air, rend the skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun; faire le diable a quatre[Fr]; make one's windows shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle the echoes; wake the dead. Adj. loud, sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full, powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous[obs3]; thundering, deafening &c. v; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, ear-rending, ear- deafening; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough to wake seven sleepers. shrill &c. 410 clamorous &c. (vociferous) 411 stentorian, stentorophonic|. Adv. loudly &c. adj. aloud; at the top of one's voice, at the top of one's lungs, lustily, in full cry. Phr. the air rings with; "the deep dread-bolted thunder" [Lear].

#405. Faintness.—N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; undertone, underbreath[obs3]; murmur, hum, susurration; tinkle; "still small voice." hoarseness &c. adj.; raucity[obs3]. V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) 583; susurrate[obs3]. steal on the ear; melt in the air, float on the air. Adj. inaudible; scarcely audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purling, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) 413; susurrant[obs3], susurrous[obs3]. Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce[Lat], between the teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine[obs3]; out of earshot inaudibly &c. adj.

(ii) SPECIFIC SOUNDS

#406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] Snap.—N. snap &c. v.; rapping # &c. v.; decrepitation, crepitation; report, thud; burst, explosion, blast, boom, discharge, detonation, firing, salvo, volley. squib, cracker, firecracker, cherry bomb, M80, gun, cap, cap gun, popgun. implosion. bomb burst, atomic explosion, nuclear explosion (arms) 727. [explosive substances] gunpowder, dynamite, gun cotton, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, plastic explosive, plastique, TNT, cordite, trinitrotoluene, picric acid, picrates, mercury fulminate (arms) 727. whack, wham, pow. V. rap, snap, tap, knock, ping; click; clash; crack, crackle; crash; pop; slam, bang, blast, boom, clap, clang, clack, whack, wham; brustle[obs3]; burst on the ear; crepitate, rump. blow up, blow; detonate. Adj. rapping &c. v. Int. kaboom! whamo! Heewhack! pow!

#407. [Repeated and protracted sounds.] Roll.—N. roll &c. v.; # drumming &c. v.; berloque[obs3], bombination[obs3], rumbling; tattoo, drumroll; dingdong; tantara[obs3]; rataplan[obs3]; whirr; ratatat, ratatat- tat; rubadub; pitapat; quaver, clutter, charivari[obs3], racket; cuckoo; repetition &c. 104; peal of bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c. 408. [sound of railroad train rolling on rails] clickety-clack. hum, purr. [animals that hum] hummingbird. [animals that purr] cat, kitten (animal sounds) 412. V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, patter, clack; bombinate[obs3]. hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat. drum in the ear, din in the ear. Adj. rolling &c. v.; monotonous &c. (repeated) 104; like a bee in a bottle.

#408. Resonance.—N. resonance; ring &c. v.; ringing, tintinabulation &c. v.; reflexion[Brit], reflection, reverberation; echo, reecho; zap, zot[coll.]; buzz (hiss) 409. low note, base note, bass note, flat note, grave note, deep note; bass; basso, basso profondo[It]; baritone, barytone[obs3]; contralto. [device to cause resonance] echo chamber, resonator. [ringing in the ears] tinnitus[Med]. [devices which make a resonating sound] bell, doorbell, buzzer; gong, cymbals (musical instruments) 417. [physical resonance] sympathetic vibrations; natural frequency, coupled vibration frequency; overtone; resonating cavity; sounding board, tuning fork. [electrical resonance] tuning, squelch, frequency selection; resonator, resonator circuit; radio &c. @2.3.1.6.8. [chemical resonance] resonant structure, aromaticity, alternating double bonds, non-bonded resonance; pi clouds, unsaturation, double bond (valence) @2.3.2.2. V. resound, reverberate, reecho, resonate; ring, jingle, gingle[obs3], chink, clink; tink[obs3], tinkle; chime; gurgle &c. 405 plash, goggle, echo, ring in the ear. Adj. resounding &c. v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient|, tintinnabulary; sonorous, booming, deep-toned, deep-sounding, deep-mouthed, vibrant; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c. (harsh) 410. Phr. "sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh" [Hamlet]; echoing down the mountain and through the dell.

#408a. Nonresonance[obs3].—N. thud, thump, dead sound; # nonresonance[obs3]; muffled drums, cracked bell; damper; silencer. V. sound dead; stop the sound, damp the sound, deaden the sound, deaden the reverberations, dampen the reverberations. Adj. nonresonant[obs3], dead; dampened, muffled.

#409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation.—N. sibilance, sibilation; zip;
#
hiss &c. v.; sternutation; high note &c. 410.
[animals that hiss] goose, serpent, snake (animal sounds) 412.
[animals that buzz] insect, bug; bee, mosquito, wasp, fly.
[inanimate things that hiss] tea kettle, pressure cooker; air
valve,
pressure release valve, safety valve, tires, air escaping from tires,
punctured tire; escaping steam, steam, steam radiator, steam release
valve.
V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle; fizz, fizzle; wheeze, whistle,
snuffle;
squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish.
Adj. sibilant; hissing &c. v.; wheezy; sternutative[obs3].

#410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor.—N. creak &c. v.; creaking &c. v.; discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. adj.; cacophony; cacoepy[obs3]. acute note, high note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa[It]. V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream &c. (cry) 411; yelp &c. (animal sound) 412; buzz &c. (hiss) 409. set the teeth on edge, corcher les oreilles[Fr]; pierce the ears, split the ears, split the head; offend the ear, grate upon the ear, jar upon the ear. Adj. creaking &c. v.; stridulous[obs3], harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous|, rough, gruff, grum[obs3], sepulchral, hollow. sharp, high, acute, shrill; trumpet-toned; piercing, ear-piercing, high-pitched, high-toned; cracked; discordant &c. 414; cacophonous.

#411. Cry.—N. cry &c. v.; voice &c. (human) 580; hubbub; bark &c. (animal) 412. vociferation, outcry, hullabaloo, chorus, clamor, hue and cry, plaint; lungs; stentor. V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, halloo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak[obs3], shriek, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe, yaup[obs3]. cheer; hoot; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c. (animal sounds) 412. vociferate; raise up the voice, lift up the voice; call out, sing out, cry out; exclaim; rend the air; thunder at the top of one's voice, shout at the top of one's voice, shout at the pitch of one's breath, thunder at the pitch of one's breath; s'gosiller; strain the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs; give a cry &c. Adj. crying &c. v.; clamant[obs3], clamorous; vociferous; stentorian &c. (loud) 404; open-mouthed.

#412. [Animal sounds.] Ululation.—N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.; bowwow, ululation, latration[obs3], belling; reboation[obs3]; wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy|, drone; screech owl; cuckoo. wailing (lamentation) 839. V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow[obs3]; growl, snarl. [specific animal sounds] bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp [dog]; bay, bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl, yarr|, yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle[obs3]; snort [pig, hog, swine, horse]; squeak [swine, mouse]; neigh, whinny [horse]; bray [donkey, mule, hinny, ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat]; caterwaul, pule [cats]; baa[obs3], bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow, cattle]; troat[obs3], croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove, pigeon]; gobble [turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle, guggle [obs3][goose]; crow, caw, squawk, screech, [crow]; cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry]; chuck, chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small birds]; hum [insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects, bugs]; hiss [snakes, geese]; blatter[obs3]; ratatat [woodpecker]. Adj. crying &c. v.; blatant, latrant[obs3], remugient[obs3], mugient[obs3]; deep-mouthed, full-mouthed; rebellowing[obs3], reboant[obs3]. Adv. in full cry.

(iii) MUSICAL SOUNDS

#413. Melody. Concord.—N. melody, rhythm, measure; rhyme &c.(poetry) 597. pitch, timbre, intonation, tone. scale, gamut; diapason; diatonic chromatic scale[obs3], enharmonic scale[obs3]; key, clef, chords. modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace; bar, rest; appoggiato[obs3], appoggiatura[obs3]; acciaccatura[obs3]. note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note &c.(shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; interval; semitone; second, third, fourth &c.; diatessaron[obs3]. breve, semibreve[Mus], minim, crotchet, quaver; semiquaver, demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver; sustained note, drone, burden. tonic; key note, leading note, fundamental note; supertonic[obs3], mediant[obs3], dominant; submediant[obs3], subdominant[obs3]; octave, tetrachord[obs3]; major key, minor key, major scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode; passage, phrase. concord, harmony; emmeleia[obs3]; unison, unisonance[obs3]; chime, homophony; euphony, euphonism[obs3]; tonality; consonance; consent; part. [Science of harmony] harmony, harmonics; thorough-bass, fundamental- bass; counterpoint; faburden[obs3]. piece of music &c. 415[Fr]; composer, harmonist[obs3], contrapuntist (musician) 416. V. be harmonious &c. adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize[obs3], transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string. Adj. harmonious, harmonical[obs3]; in concord &c. n., in tune, in concert; unisonant[obs3], concentual[obs3], symphonizing[obs3], isotonic, homophonous[obs3], assonant; ariose[obs3], consonant. measured, rhythmical, diatonic[obs3], chromatic, enharmonic[obs3]. melodious, musical; melic[obs3]; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous[obs3]; mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear, clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious, euphonic, euphonical[obs3]; symphonious; enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) 829; fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned. Adv. harmoniously, in harmony; as one &c. adj. Phr. "the hidden soul of harmony" [Milton].

#414. Discord.—N. discord, discordance; dissonance, cacophony, want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410. Babel[Confused sounds]; Dutch concert, cat's concert; marrowbones and cleavers. V. be discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) 410. Adj. discordant; dissonant, absonant[obs3]; out of tune, tuneless; unmusical, untunable[obs3]; unmelodious, immelodious[obs3]; unharmonious[obs3], inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c. 410; jarring.

#415. Music.—N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. 413; aria, arietta[obs3]; piece of music[Fr], work, number, opus; sonata; rondo, rondeau[Fr]; pastorale, cavatina[obs3], roulade[obs3], fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue, canon, quodlibet, serenade, notturno [Italian], dithyramb; opera, operetta; oratorio; composition, movement; stave; passamezzo [obs3][Italian], toccata, Vorspiel [German]. instrumental music; full score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee, band, orchestra; concerted piece[Fr], potpourri, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism[obs3]; chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn; song &c. (poem) 597; canticle, canzonet[obs3], cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative, recitativo[obs3], solfeggio[obs3]. Lydian measures; slow music, slow movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet; siren strains, soft music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c. (lament) 839; pibroch[obs3]; martial music, march; dance music; waltz &c. (dance) 840. solo, duet, duo, trio; quartet, quartett[obs3]; septett[obs3]; part song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon[obs3], antiphony; accompaniment, second, bass; score; bourdon[obs3], drone, morceau[obs3], terzetto[obs3]. composer &c. 413; musician &c. 416. V. compose, perform &c. 416; attune. Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c. 413; Wagnerian. Adv. adagio; largo, larghetto, andante, andantino[obs3]; alla capella[It][obs3]; maestoso[obs3], moderato; allegro, allegretto; spiritoso[obs3], vivace[obs3], veloce[obs3]; presto, prestissimo[obs3]; con brio; capriccioso[obs3]; scherzo, scherzando[obs3]; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando[obs3], affettuoso[obs3]; obbligato; pizzicato; desto[obs3]. Phr. "in notes by distance made more sweet" [Collins]; "like the faint exquisite music of a dream" [Moore]; "music arose with its voluptuous swell" [Byron]; "music is the universal language of mankind" [Longfellow]; "music's golden tongue" [Keats]; "the speech of angels" [Carlyle]; "will sing the savageness out of a bear" [Othello]; music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.

#416. Musician. [Performance of Music.]—N. musician, artiste,
#
performer, player, minstrel; bard &c. (poet) 597;
[specific types of musicians] accompanist, accordionist,
instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist; harper,
fiddler,
fifer[obs3], trumpeter, piper, drummer; catgut scraper.
band, orchestral waits.
vocalist, melodist; singer, warbler; songster, chaunter[obs3],
chauntress[obs3], songstress; cantatrice[obs3].
choir, quire, chorister; chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel[Ger].
nightingale, philomel[obs3], thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis;
Pierides;
sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo[obs3], the Muses Erato, Euterpe,
Terpsichore;
tuneful nine, tuneful quire.
composer &c. 413.
performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization[obs3].
V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle;
strike
the lyre, beat the drum; blow the horn, sound the horn, wind the horn;
doodle; grind the organ; touch the guitar &c. (instruments) 417; thrum,
strum, beat time.
execute, perform; accompany; sing a second, play a second;
compose,
set to music, arrange.
sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt,
purl,
quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa[obs3]; intone.
have an ear for music, have a musical ear, have a correct ear.
Adj. playing &c. v.; musical.
Adv. adagio, andante &c. (music) 415.

#417. Musical Instruments.—N. musical instruments; band; string- band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina[obs3]. monochord[obs3][Stringed instruments], polychord[obs3]; harp, lyre, lute, archlute[obs3]; mandola[obs3], mandolin, mandoline[obs3]; guitar; zither; cither[obs3], cithern[obs3]; gittern[obs3], rebeck[obs3], bandurria[obs3], bandura, banjo; bina[obs3], vina[obs3]; xanorphica[obs3]. viol, violin; fiddle, kit; viola, viola d'amore[Fr], viola di gamba[It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass viol, base viol; theorbo[obs3], double base, contrabasso[obs3], violone[obs3], *psaltery; bow, fiddlestick[obs3]. piano, pianoforte; harpsichord, clavichord, clarichord[obs3], manichord[obs3]; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle[obs3], pianino[obs3], Eolian harp. organ[Wind instruments]; harmonium, harmoniphon[obs3]; American organ[obs3], barrel organ, hand organ; accordion, seraphina[obs3], concertina; humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clarinet, claronet[obs3]; basset horn, corno di bassetto[obs3], oboe, hautboy, cor Anglais[Fr], corno Inglese[obs3], bassoon, double bassoon, contrafagotto[obs3], serpent, bass clarinet; bagpipes, union pipes; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes; reed instrument; sirene[obs3], pipe, pitch-pipe; sourdet[obs3]; whistle, catcall; doodlesack[obs3], harmoniphone[obs3]. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopean|, clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide[obs3]; French horn, saxophone, sax [informal], buglehorn[obs3], saxhorn, flugelhorn[obs3], althorn[obs3], helicanhorn[obs3], posthorn[obs3]; sackbut, euphonium, bombardon tuba[obs3]. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong; tambour|!, tambourine, tamborine[obs3]; drum, tom-tom; tabor, tabret[obs3], tabourine[obs3], taborin[obs3]; side drum, kettle drum; timpani, tympani[obs3]; tymbal[obs3], timbrel[obs3], castanet, bones; musical glasses, musical stones; harmonica, sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba[obs3]. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning fork, triangle, Jew's harp, musical box, harmonicon[obs3], xylophone. sordine[obs3], sordet[obs3]; sourdine[obs3], sourdet[obs3]; mute.

(iv) PERCEPTION OF SOUND