Chapter VIII: Political Literature: Satire: Art Criticism: Contemporary Novelists (4)

Shakespeare, William, references to, 4, 47, 51, 52, 126, 195,
201 _n._, 215, 288

Shakespearian fatalism, 238

Shapír, Olga, novelist, 304

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, references to, 4, 51, 53, 172, 186

Shenshin, A. (_nom-de-plume_ A. Fet), Russian poet, 185

Shevchénko, poet, 63

Shevtchénko, Little-Russian poet, 224

Short story, the, and its ways of dealing with human life, 316

Siberia, spoken language of, 6

Siberian forests, life in the depths of, 222

Skabitchévskiy, critic and historian, 172, 295

Slavery, abolition of modern, 146

Slavonian family of languages, 4

Slavonian mythology, old, 9

Slavonic archaisms, 25

Slavonic mythology, early, 10

Slavophiles, 266-270;
fanatics of absolute rule, 268, 272

Slum-life, pictures of, 168

Smirnóff, Madame O. A. (_née_ Rossett), pietist, Gogol falls under
her influence, 83

Smirnóva, Sophie, novelist, 304

Smith, Adam, mentioned, 277

Smolénsk, captured by Poles, 18

Social evils, the main cause of, 144

Social ideas, unsettled condition of, 305

Socialism, economic principles of, 146

Socialist revival in France, 224

Socialistic movement in Russia, 163

Society, agitated Russian, 281

Society and Court scandals, 265

“Society” divorce cases in Russia, 127

Society, looseness of habits in Russian, 28

Society of Friends, assist Freemasons in spreading moral education, 28

Society of Friends of Russian literature, 296

Society, Russian educated, 232

Society, the rebel against, 254

Solidarity, germs of a realistic philosophy of, 104

Solovióff, N., playwright, 217

Solovióff, V., philosopher, 270

Song-collectors, 231

_Song of the Nibelungs_, 11

_Song of Roland_, 11

Songs, burial, 7;
antique, 7

South Russian annals, 14

South Slavonian language, high degree of perfection of, 5;
remarkable beauty of, 5

South Slavonians, folk-songs of, 4
mixture of, with Turkish and Polish blood in Little Russia, 68

Southeastern Steppes, Tartar encampments in the, 16

Southern Russia, spoken language of, 6

Spencer, Herbert, mentioned, 265
deep sensation of, in Russia, 294

Stanukóvitch, novelist, 304

Stásoff, V. V., his theory of epic songs of Slavonic mythology, 9

State religions in the interest of the ruling classes, 142

Stepniak, political writer, 278

Sterne, Laurence, mentioned, 30

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, mentioned, 224, 226

Sukhovó-Kobýlin, playwright, 215, 216

Sumarókoff, historian, the Russian Racine, 25;
wrote dramas and contributed to the development of the Russian
theatre, 25;
helps to develop the Russian drama, 193

Súzdal, Land of, 14

Swaggerers, collection of, 178

Tales, Russian, 7

Tartars, raids of, into Russia, 16

Tasso, Torquato, mentioned, 61

Tatíscheff, historian, superintendent of mines in the Uráls, 23;
wrote a number of political works, 23;
collects and systematises the Annals, 23

Tchaykóvsky, musician, music of, 13;
composes an opera from Púshkin’s _Evghéni Onyéghin_, 47;
plot of the opera, 48-50

Tchéhoff, Anton, dramatic writer, 217

Tchéhoff (pseudonym Tcheónte), novelist, sketch of, 308-317

Tchernyshévskiy, Nicolai, political writer, 279;
his birth and ancestry, 279;
contributes to _The Contemporary_, 279;
arrested and confined, 280;
his influence on Russian Society, 281;
exiled to Siberia, 281;
returns to Russia and settles in Astrakhán, 281;
his death, 281;
referred to, 290, 291, 293, 296, 297, 298, 314

Tchernyshófe, I. E., actor and playwright, 217

Tennyson, Sir Alfred, mentioned, 173, 174, 186

Terrorism and Nihilism compared, 102

Thackeray, William Makepeace, mentioned, 178

Thought, advanced European, 267

Tkretiaóvskiy, son of a priest, studies
at Moscow, 22;
travels to Amsterdam and Paris, 22;
studies at the Paris University, 22;
his services to Russian poetry, 22

Tocqueville, Alexis de, _Democracy in America_, censored in Russia,
97

Tolstáya, Countess A. A., 121

Tolstóy, Count Alexei Konstantínovitch, poet, historical novelist, and
playwright, 185, 214, 215;
becomes Head of the Imperial Hunt, 215

Tolstóy, Lyoff Nicolaievich, sketch of his life and works, 110-148;
his contributions to _The Contemporary_, 110;
birth and ancestry of, 111;
loses his father and mother when young, 111;
educated by relatives, 111;
enters military service in the Caucasus, 112;
his life during and after the Crimean War, 112-115;
takes part in the siege of Silistria and the battle of Balakláva,
112;
besieged in Sebastopol, 112;
goes to St. Petersburg, 113;
becomes acquainted with Turguéneff, 113;
co-edits _The Bell_, 113;
in search of an ideal, 115-118;
his artistic power, 117;
his descriptive talent, 117;
his small stories, 118-121;
his educational work, 120-121;
his marriage, 121;
family traditions, 122;
sketch of his _War and Peace_, 125;
of his Anna Karénina, 126, 127;
his honest artistic genius, 128;
his religious crisis, 129-138;
his views on property and labor, 130;
his dislike of the Russian Government, 131;
his thoughts on suicide, 134;
his love of the peasant masses, 134;
his idea of earning his own living, 135;
reforms his life, 137;
his plain food, 137;
philosophical reasons for his conduct, 137;
his interpretation of the Christian teaching, 138-142;
his influence, 148;
references to, 4, 6, 35, 58, 151, 152, 169, 201, 202, 223, 228, 229,
250, 278, 281, 296, 297, 298, 300, 308, 319

Tolstóy, Nicholas, dies of consumption, 120

Tolstóyism, 305

Tramps and thieves, idyll of, 303

Tramps and outcasts of Russian large cities, 242

Tramps, Górkiy’s species of, 255

Tramps of Southern Russia, 252

Transbaikalian folk-lore, 10

Tsar, absolute power of the, 267

Tsar’s authority, divine origin of, 18

Turanian language, 5

Turguéneff, Nicholas, political writer, 277;
member of the Decembrists, 277

Turguéneff, Ivan Sergeyevich, last message of, to Russian writers, 3;
sketch of his life and works, 89-109;
the greatest novel writer of his century, 89;
his high sense of the beautiful, 89;
his novels a succession of scenes, 91;
the qualities of a pessimist and lover of mankind combined in him,
93;
extract from his _Correspondence_, 95, 96;
his pessimism, 96;
threatened with being sent to Siberia, 96;
a sketch of his _Rúdin_, 97, 98;
extracts from, 98, 99;
his most artistic work, _A Nobleman’s Retreat_, 100;
his life-picture of a Russian girl, 100;
extracts from his _Fathers and Sons_, and Hamlet and Don Quixote,
105, 106;
his attitude towards Bazároff, 106, 107;
wreck of his hopes in reform movement, 107;
his death in Paris, 109;
references to, 4, 6, 31, 39, 46, 50, 52, 58, 84, 85, 110, 118, 151,
152, 157, 169, 171, 175, 177, 179, 180, 201, 202, 212, 215, 223,
225, 226, 228, 239, 247, 252, 253, 258, 265, 267, 269, 272, 274,
275, 281, 291, 293, 295, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 314, 315

Turkish War of 1877, 124

Turks, tales from the, 7

Tyútcheff, Th., Russian poet, 183

Uhland, Ludwig, mentioned, 33

Ultramontanes, Orthodox, 270

Ultra-realistic school of Russian folk-novelists, 234

Universal religion, elements of a, 144, 145

Universal understanding, criterion of, 298

Universal welfare, a desire for, 141

Upper classes, superstitions of the, 146

Ural-Altayan language, 4

Uspénsky, Gleb, folk-novelist, artistic descriptions of, 222;
his ethnographic sketches, 243;
his views on ownership of land, 246

_Varingiar_, the Scandinavian, 32

Vaudeville on the Russian stage, 195

Venevítinoff, poet, 62, 287

Vengeance, question of, 128

Venguéroff, S., gifted Russian critic, 104, 172;
author of biographical dictionary of Russian authors, 172

Vereschágin, Vasili, Russian painter, 124

Versification, forms of, 173
laws of rhythmical, 23

Verstóvskiy’s _Askóld’s Grave_ (opera), 13

Village-community, future of the, 222

Village communities, idyllic illusions about, 245;
drawbacks of, 247

Village life, foundations of, 244;
dark sides of, 224

Village life and humour, 69

Village people, typical, 222

Virgil, mentioned, 24

Vladímir, the Fair Sun, Kieff Prince, table of, 8

Voinarsóky, Russian patriot, exiled to Siberia, 36

Volhýnian annals, 14

Volkhónskaya, Princess, Tolstóy’s mother, 111

Voltaire, François, sarcasm of, 4;
mentioned, 193

Vorontsova-Dáshkova, Princess, aids Catherine II. in her
_coup-d’état_, 26;
nominated President of the Academy of Sciences, 26;
assists in compiling a Russian dictionary, 26

Vovtchók, Márko, folk-novelist, 226

Vvedénskiy, prose translator, 187

Wagner’s operas, librettos of, 296

War correspondents, 124

Weinberg, P., translator of poems, 186

Welfare of man, the greatest, 141

West Siberian villages, life in, 248

Western civilization, Russia looked to, for inspiration, 119

Western Europe, languages of, 3
mediæval city-republics of, 15
struggles for freedom in, 97, 272
Russia’s great conflict with, 122
influence of, on Russian art, 305

Western influences, struggle against intrusion of, in Russia, 16

Westerners, 266, 269, 270

White-Russian literature, 6

Wiener, Leo, great knowledge of Russian literature, 12 _n._;
_Anthology of Russian Literature from the Earliest Period to the
Present Time_, 12 _n._

Wine and women, an inspiration for producing poetry, 287

Wízin, Von (Fonvizin), writer of comedies, 26;
_The Brigadier_, 27;
_Nédorosl_, 27;
creator of the Russian national drama, 27;
his realistic tendency, 27;
Secretary to Count Pánin, 27, 194

Wolff, Christian, natural philosopher, 23

Women, energy of Russian, 304 slavery of, 290

Women in Russian revolutionary movements, 109

Women, their part in the development of Russia, 33

Women’s rights, fighters for, 304

Wordsworth, William, mentioned, 44, 186

Yaroslavni, lamentations of, 12

Yásnaya Polyána, Tolstóy’s estate, 111, 113, 116, 130

Yazýkoff, poet, 62

Young men, reckless heartlessness of, 310

Young Russia, 136 revival of, 101

Yúshkova, P. I., Tolstóy’s aunt, 111

Zabyélin, historian, 268

Zagóskin, historical novelist, 64

Zasódimskiy, folk-novelist, 248

Zasúlitch, Véra, trial of, 135

Zemstvo Statisticians, 231

Zhúkóvskiy, romantic poet, 32;
translates works of European poets and the classics, 33;
his ultraromanticism, 33;
his appeal to human nature, 33

Zlatovrátskiy, folk-novelist, 246

Zola, Émile, realism in first writings of, 85;
mentioned, 222, 238, 314

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation errors have been silently corrected.

Some inconsistencies in the spelling and accentuation of names has been standardized to reduce confusion.

Page 11: “the expolits” changed to “the exploits”

Page 25: “ideas of Corpernicus” changed to “ideas of Copernicus”

Page 62: “sounthern climate” changed to “southern climate”

Page 68: “for northerner” changed to “for northerners”

Page 72: “during the seige” changed to “during the siege”

Page 84: “formidable indicment” changed to “formidable indictment”

Page 102: “was writen” changed to “was written”

Page 106: “the enthusiam” changed to “the enthusiasm”

Page 108: A section of misprinted text has been corrected by consultation with the 1916 edition. The original section read “Consequently, Virgin Soil could only refer to the very earliest phases of the movement: misconception of the peasantry, the peculiar inca- did not meet with any of the best representativs of it. Much of the novel is true, but the general impression it conveys is not precisely the impression which Turguéneff himself would have received if he had better known the Russian youth at that time.”

The corrected text reads: “Consequently, _Virgin Soil_ could only refer to the very beginnings of the movement. Besides, Turguéneff did not meet with any of the best representatives of it. Much of the novel is true, but the general impression it conveys is not precisely the impression which Turguéneff himself would have received if he had better known the Russian youth at that time.”

Page 109: “children stories” changed to “children’s stories”

Page 121: “probably untilising” changed to “probably utilising”

Page 125: “and Englishman, or a” changed to “an Englishman, or a”

Page 126: “all the Tolstóy’s novels” changed to “all the Tolstóy novels”

Page 131: “in the mind the great writer” changed to “in the mind of the great writer”

Page 136: “nothwithstanding all” changed to “notwithstanding all”

Page 141: “similiar conclusion” changed to “similar conclusion”

Page 160: “higher enthusiams” changed to “higher enthusiasms”

Page 192: “holy precints” changed to “holy precincts”

Page 199: “the accquaintance” changed to “the acquaintance” “Altogther, a Russian” changed to “Altogether, a Russian”

Page 203: “a great dramatic write.” changed to “a great dramatic writer.”

Page 208: “from the opression” changed to “from the oppression”

Page 225: “tremendous successs” changed to “tremendous success”

Page 229: “memtioned in” changed to “mentioned in”

Page 231: “dry satistical reports” changed to “dry statistical reports”

Page 243: “not enthnography” changed to “not ethnography”

Page 245: “human pyschology” changed to “human psychology”

Page 249: “an ethnographr” changed to “an ethnographer”

Page 250: “was pubished” changed to “was published”

Page 255: “another characterstic” changed to “another characteristic”

Page 284: “nevertheles continued” changed to “nevertheless continued”

Page 296: “Sociey of Friends” changed to “Society of Friends”

Page 299: “fine, quite mid-summer” changed to “fine, quiet mid-summer”

Page 301: “bougeoisie du” changed to “bourgeoisie du”

Page 308: “originality of stlye” changed to “originality of style”

Page 312: “been focussed” changed to “been focused”

Page 313: “towards reconcilation” changed to “towards reconciliation”