Chapter XV: Appendix: A

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CLASSIFICATION & DESCRIPTIONS OF FUNGI CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME.

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=ÆCIDIACEI=.

Peridium elongated—

separating in threads _Rœstelia_.

rupturing irregularly _Peridermium_.

Peridium abbreviated, or _Æcidium_.
semi-immersed

Peridium immersed _Endophyllum_.

RŒSTELIA, _Reb._

_Peridium_ elongated, at length opening by lateral fissures, or a
terminal lacerated mouth. _Spermogonia_ on the opposite surface,
on the same or on different leaves.

=Rœstelia cancellata=, Reb. PEAR-LEAF RŒSTELIA; spots yellow, then red, prominent; peridia split to the base into laciniæ, which remain united at the apex.—On Pear leaves. Not very common. Autumn. (Plate II. figs. 20, 21.)

=Rœstelia cornuta=, Tul. HORN-LIKE RŒSTELIA; spots rusty-brown; peridia cylindrical, slightly curved, yellowish-brown; spores greyish, at length brown.—On the under surface of the leaves of Mountain-Ash. Not common. August. (Plate II. figs. 18, 19.)

=Rœstelia lacerata=, Tul. LACERATED RŒSTELIA; peridia clustered in tufts, brown, elongated, splitting to the base in segments; spores light brown.—On the under surface of the leaves, and on the petioles and fruit of the Hawthorn. Not uncommon. May to July. (Plate II. figs. 22, 26.)

PERIDERMIUM, _Chev._

_Peridium_ elongated, at length bursting irregularly. _Spermogonia_
scattered, conspicuous.

=Peridermium Pini=, Chev.; peridia oblong, scattered, large; spores orange, abundant; spermogonia vernal or autumnal, or both; spermatia large, white.—On leaves and young branches of Scotch Fir. Common in Scotland, occasional in England. Summer. (Plate II. figs. 27, 28.)

=Peridermium elatinum=, Lk.; simple, immersed; peridia elliptic, pallid; sporidia orange.—On Silver Fir, altering both foliage and ramification. Not common.

ÆCIDIUM, _Pers._

_Peridium_ seldom elongated, opening by a terminal mouth, surrounded
by a fringe of recurved teeth, or when short bursting
irregularly. _Spores_ disposed in chains. _Spermogonia_ on the
same or the opposite surface, clustered or scattered, central or
intermixed.

SECT. I.—_Peridia scattered_ (_not collected in tufts or clusters_).

=Æcidium leucospermum=, DC. WHITE-SPORED CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellowish; peridia scattered, often covering the whole under surface; spores white, ovate.—On both sides of the leaves of the wood-anemone. Common. June. (Plate I. figs. 4-6.)

=Æcidium quadrifidum=, DC. FOUR-LOBED CLUSTER-CUPS; spots brownish; peridia scattered, occupying almost the entire under surface; spores brown, subglobose.—On the under side of leaves of Anemone in gardens. (Lobes at the mouth of the peridium not constantly four.) April to May.

=Æcidium albescens=, Grev. MOSCHATEL CLUSTER-CUPS; leaf blistered, whitish, scattered; peridia white, split into a few large teeth; spores yellowish-white.—On leaves and petioles of _Adoxa moschatellina_. Not uncommon. April.

=Æcidium Epilobii=, DC. WILLOW-HERB CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; peridia scattered, at length oval, wider above; spores orange, at length brown.—On the under side of leaves of _Epilobium montanum_, _E. hirsutum_, and _E. palustre_, rarely on the upper. Common. June to August.

=Æcidium Thesii=, Desv. BASTARD-TOADFLAX CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; peridia scattered or biseriate; short, cylindrical, margin irregularly toothed, erect; spores yellowish, then dingy.—On _Thesium humifusum_. Downs near Winchester. July, 1864. Chipstead, Surrey, Oct. 14, 1864. (Plate III. figs. 50, 51.)

=Æcidium Soldanellæ=, Hornsch. SOLDANELLA CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; peridia solitary, scattered over the inferior surface; spores orange.—On the under surface of the leaves of _Soldanella alpina_.

=Æcidium Tragopogonis=, Pers. GOATSBEARD CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; peridia scattered, torn, wider above; spores orange, at length black.—On stems, leaves, and involucres of common Goatsbeard. Very common. May to June. (Plate I. figs. 1-3.)

=Æcidium Euphorbiæ=, Pers. SPURGE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, leaf thickened; peridia scattered or crowded, distinct; spores orange.—On the under surface of the leaves of Spurge. Common. May to June.

SECT. II. _Peridia in tufts or clusters._

α. _Elongatæ._

=Æcidium Berberidis=, Pers. BERBERRY CLUSTER-CUPS; spots roundish, bright red; subiculum thickened; peridia in subrotund or oval patches, often elongated; spores orange.—On leaves, peduncles, and fruit of the common Berberry. Common. May to July. (Plate I. figs. 7-9.)

=Æcidium Thalictri=, Grev. MEADOW-RUE CLUSTER-CUPS; collected in roundish clusters; peridia oblong; spores bright orange.—On _Thalictrum alpinum_. Not uncommon in Scotland.

=Æcidium crassum=, Pers. BUCKTHORN CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellow-brown, subiculum thickened; peridia crowded into a roundish heap, at first globose, yellow, at length open; spores orange.—On _Rhamnus catharticus_ and _R. frangula_. Common.

=Æcidium Periclymeni=, DC. HONEYSUCKLE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots variegated, yellow and brown, subiculum thickened; peridia sometimes elongated, in roundish or effused heaps; spores orange.—On the under surface of Honeysuckle leaves. Not common. June to August.

β. _Poculiformæ._

=Æcidium Calthæ.= Grev. MARSH-MARIGOLD CLUSTER-CUPS; aggregate; peridia somewhat campanulate, with numerous minute marginal teeth; spores bright orange, subglobose or oval.—On leaves and petioles of _Caltha palustris_. Margin of peridia pale and brittle. Rare. Spring.

=Æcidium Ranunculacearum=, DC. CROWFOOT CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, subiculum thickened; peridia in irregular heaps, densely crowded together; spores orange.—On leaves of various _Ranunculaceæ_; very common on _R. Ficaria_, not uncommon on _R. repens_, more rarely on _R. acris_ and _R. bulbosus_. Spring. (Plate II. figs. 12-14.)

=Æcidium Galii=, Pers. BEDSTRAW CLUSTER-CUPS; spots linear or oblong, obscurely brown; peridia scattered, rarely aggregate, dentate, whitish; spores white.—On the leaves of _Galium verum_ and _G. mollugo_. (Plate II. figs. 15-17.)

I am doubtful whether the _Æcidium_ on _Galium mollugo_ is really this species.—(_M. C. C._)

=Æcidium Bunii=, DC. PIG-NUT CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, subiculum thickened; peridia in irregular subrotund or oval heaps; spores orange.—On _Bunium bulbocastanum_ and _Pimpinella saxifraga_. Spring.

=Æcidium Valerianacearum=, Dub. VALERIAN CLUSTER-CUPS; hypogenous, rarely cauline, spots on a thickened subcircular or oblong base; peridia scattered, more or less crowded, cup-shaped, tawny, margin erect, denticulate; spores dirty-yellow.—On _Valeriana officinalis_ and _V. dioica_. North Britain.

=Æcidium Asperifolii=, Pers. BORAGE CLUSTER-CUPS; clusters subrotund, on a slightly thickened subiculum; peridia scattered; spores yellowish-white.—On leaves of various _Boragineæ_. Summer. The parts of the leaves on which it occurs are rendered concave on one side and convex on the other.

=Æcidium Grossulariæ=, DC. GOOSEBERRY CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellow, bright red on the opposite side, with a yellow border; peridia crowded in roundish heaps, at length brown, and surrounded with a brown area; spores orange.—On leaves and fruit of Gooseberry and Currant. Common. May to June.

=Æcidium Urticæ=, DC. NETTLE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, subiculum thickened; peridia disposed in elongated or subrotund heaps, at first subglobose, then gaping; spores orange.—On leaves and stems of Nettles, distorting them very much. Common. June. (Plate I. figs. 10, 11.)

=Æcidium Behenis=, DC. BLADDER-CAMPION CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellow, brown on opposite side; peridia somewhat circinating, in subrotund heaps; spores brown.—On _Silene inflata_. Not common. Some of the peridia are short and open, others larger and closed.

=Æcidium Orobi=, DC. BITTER-VETCH CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellow, effused; peridia scattered and disposed in small heaps; spores at length white.—On stems and leaves of _Orobus tuberosus_. Scotland.

γ. _Subimmersæ._

=Æcidium Compositarum=, Mart. COMPOSITE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots purplish, subrotund, confluent above; peridia crowded, in orbicular patches, or circinating, on the under surface; spores orange, oval.

Var. _a._ _Taraxaci_, Grev.; clusters small, scattered.—On leaves of the Dandelion. June to July.

Var. _b._ _Prenanthis_, Pers.; spots circular or irregular, purplish; subiculum incrassated.—On leaves of Hawkweed (_Hieracium paludosum_). Summer.

Var. _c._ _Tussilaginis_, Pers.; clusters round, on a thickened base; peridia circinating.—On the under surface of leaves of Coltsfoot and Butter-bur. Common. Autumn.

Var. _d._ _Jacobæa_, Grev.; pustular, soon becoming agglomerated, numerous, depressed; peridia splitting into short, brittle, yellowish-white teeth.—On leaves of _Senecio Jacobæa_ and _Sonchus arvensis_. June to August.

Var. _e._ _Lapsani_, Purt.; spots purplish, irregular, confluent, on both sides of the leaves; peridia amphigenous, in irregular patches or scattered, not prominent, teeth numerous, minute, reflexed; spores yellow, oval.—On both surfaces of the leaves of _Lapsana communis_. April. Not uncommon.

=Æcidium Saniculæ=, Carm. SANICLE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots purplish, slightly incrassated, small, scattered, roundish; peridia in small circulate clusters, hypogenous, and on the petioles, at first hemispherical, at length open, margin with from 4 to 6 spreading lobes; spores yellowish, elliptical.—On the under surface of the leaves and on the petioles of _Sanicula Europæa_. Not uncommon. May and June.

=Æcidium Violæ=, Schum. _Violet Cluster-Cups_; spots yellowish; peridia in irregular heaps, seriate and scattered; spores orange, at length brown.—On leaves, petioles, and sepals of Violets. Common. May and June.

=Æcidium Poterii=, Cooke. BURNET CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, clusters subrotund or elongated; peridia hypogenous and on the petioles, circinating or scattered, immersed, margin irregularly fringed with numerous minute teeth, soon falling away; spores yellowish, oval.—On the under surface of the leaflets and on the petioles of _Poterium Sanguisorba_. Rare. May and June. Dartford Brent, Kent.

=Æcidium Geranii=, DC. CRANESBILL CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellow and purple; peridia in circinating clusters; spores yellow, at length brown.—On the under surface of leaves of _Geranium pratense_ and _G. dissectum_. Not common.

=Æcidium Menthæ=, DC. MINT CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia scattered, emersed, or aggregate immersed; spores orange, elliptic.—On various Mints. Common.

=Æcidium Scrophulariæ=, DC. FIGWORT CLUSTER-CUPS; spots yellowish; peridia in roundish circinate clusters (rarely scattered) on the under surface; spores whitish, becoming tawny.—On the leaves of _Scrophularia aquatica_. Thame and Sydenham, Oxon.

=Æcidium Pedicularis=, Lobosch. RED-RATTLE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated, subiculum thickened; peridia thickly and irregularly clustered, subimmersed; spores dirty, pallid orange.—On petioles, leaves, and stems of _Pedicularis palustris_. Not common.

=Æcidium Primulæ=, DC. PRIMROSE CLUSTER-CUPS; spots obliterated; peridia solitary, scattered, and crowded, hypogenous; spores whitish-yellow.—On the under surface of leaves of Primroses. Not common. May.

=Æcidium rubellum=, Pers. DOCK CLUSTER-CUPS; spots purple; peridia circinating, centre free; spores yellowish-white.—On leaves of Dock and Sorrel. Not uncommon in moist localities. May and June.

=Æcidium Ari=, Berk. WAKE-ROBIN CLUSTER-CUPS; spots round, confluent; peridia circinating, not crowded, central ones abortive.—On leaves of _Arum maculatum_. Not common. June and July.

=Æcidium Dracontii=, Schwein. ARUM CLUSTER-CUPS; spots pallid, extensively scattered over the leaves, sometimes nearly covering them; peridia large, scattered, abundant, disposed without order on the spots; spores orange.—On _Arum triphyllum_, in gardens. Melbury, 1863 (_Rev. M. J. B._) A North American species.

=Æcidium Allii=, Grev. GARLIC CLUSTER-CUPS; spots pale; peridia circinating, not contiguous; spores yellowish.—On leaves of broad-leaved Garlic (_Allium ursinum_). June and July.

ENDOPHYLLUM, _Lév._

_Peridium_ enclosed within the substance of the leaf, bursting irregularly.

=Endophyllum Sempervivi=, Lév.; peridia immersed, elliptic or roundish; spores ochraceous, becoming brownish.—On leaves of Houseleek.

PUCCINIÆI.

_a._ _Spores stipitate._

Spores multiseptate—
moniliform _Xenodochus_.
cylindrical _Aregma_.
biseptate _Triphragmium_.
uniseptate _Puccinia_.

_b._ _Spores immersed in gelatine._

Stroma tremelloid and expanded _Gymnosporangium_.
clavate or club-shaped _Podisoma_.

XENODOCHUS, Schl.

Spores multiseptate, moniliform, breaking up into many distinct
articulations.—_Berk. Outl._, pp. 328.

=Xenodochus carbonarius=, Schl. BURNET CHAIN-BRAND; scattered, in small tufts, hypogenous; spores curved or straight, composed of from 5 to 15 articulations; obtuse at one extremity, slightly attenuate at the other.—On Burnet. Very rare. (Plate III. fig. 29.)

AREGMA, Fr.

Spores cylindrical, multiseptate, scarcely moniliform, borne on a
long peduncle.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 329.

=Aregma mucronatum=, Fr. ROSE BRAND; hypogenous, scattered over the leaves in minute tufts; spores 5- to 7-septate, terminal joint mucronate; peduncles incrassated below, fusiform.—On leaves of various Roses. Autumn. Frequent. (Plate III. fig. 38.)

=Aregma acuminatum=, Fr. BURNET BRAND; hypogenous, scattered in minute tufts; spores multiseptate, terminal joint acuminate; peduncles equal.—On Burnet leaves. July. Common. (Plate III. fig. 32.)

=Aregma bulbosum=, Fr. BRAMBLE BRAND; hypogenous, with a dull red stain on the upper surface; spores in large tufts, 4-septate, terminal joint apiculate; peduncles incrassated, and bulbous at the base.—On Bramble leaves. Autumn. Very common. (Plate III. fig. 41.)

=Aregma gracile=, Berk. RASPBERRY BRAND; hypogenous, scattered, in small tufts; spores 7- to 9-septate, the terminal joint apiculate; peduncles slender.—On Raspberry leaves. Autumn. (Plate III. fig. 43.)

=Aregma obtusatum=, Fr. STRAWBERRY BRAND; hypogenous, scattered, in minute tufts; spores multiseptate, terminal joint obtuse; peduncles equal.—On leaves of barren Strawberry. Autumn. Common. (Plate III. fig. 35.)

TRIPHRAGMIUM, Lk.

Spores trilocular, septa mostly vertical and horizontal.—_Berk.
Outl._, p. 332.

=Triphragmium Ulmariæ=, Lk. MEADOW-SWEET BRAND; spots obliterated; sori at first subrotund, covered with the epidermis; at length, when the cuticle has vanished, effuse; spores brown, subturbinate, divided by a vertical dissepiment, shortly pedicellate.—On leaves of Meadow-sweet, _Spiræa ulmaria_. Autumn. (Plate III. fig. 48.)

PUCCINIA, Pers.

Spores uniseptate, supported on a distinct peduncle.—_Berk. Outl._,
p. 329.

=Puccinia graminis=, Pers. CORN MILDEW; spots pale, diffuse; sori linear, confluent, amphigenous; spores at length black, clavate, very slightly constricted.—On the leaves and culms of corn and grass. Autumn. Very common, and injurious to corn. (Plate IV. figs. 57-59.)

Var. _β. Arundinis_, Grev. Sori broad; spores more constricted and with longer peduncles.—On the leaves and sheaths of reeds. Very common.

=Puccinia striola=, Lk. SEDGE MILDEW; spots pallid; sori linear, crowded, distinct, subconvex; spores at length black, oblong and slightly constricted, or obovate, and not constricted.—On Sedges, Rushes, &c. Autumn. Common.

=Puccinia coronata=, Cd. CORONATED MILDEW; spots pallid; sori linear, short, crowded, not confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores shortly pedicellate, pallid; the apex surrounded by obtuse radiating teeth.—On various Grasses. Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate IV. figs. 60-62.)

=Puccinia truncata=, B. and Br. IRIS BRAND; spots obliterated; sori oblong, brown, surrounded by the scarious epidermis; spores obovate-oblong, even, attenuated below, upper cell abruptly truncate.—On _Iris fœtidissima_. Autumn.

=Puccinia Asparagi=, DC. ASPARAGUS BRAND; spots none; sori reddish-brown, generally on the stems, scattered and crowded, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores oblong, obtuse, constricted; peduncle white, long, thread-like.—On dead stems of _Asparagus_. Autumn.

=Puccinia Polygonorum=, Lk. POLYGONUM BRAND; spots yellowish; sori minute, crowded into orbicular patches; spores brown-black, obovate-oblong, frequently constricted, with the upper joint globose.—On the under surface of the leaves of various species of _Polygonum_. Autumn. Common.

=Puccinia vaginalium=, Lk. KNOTGRASS BRAND; spots none; sori hypogenous, subrotund or oblong, at first surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores brown, obtusely ovate; pedicels long, filiform.—On leaves and stems of Knotgrass, _Polygonum aviculare_. Autumn.

=Puccinia Thesii=, Chaill. BASTARD-TOADFLAX BRAND; cauline and amphigenous; sori blackish-brown, small, roundish, or oblong, convex, scattered or aggregate, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovate, obtuse, scarcely constricted; pedicels elongated.—On _Thesium humifusum_, in company with _Æcidium Thesii_. Chipstead, Surrey, Oct. 14, 1864. (_A. Grugeon._)

=Puccinia Primulæ=, Grev. PRIMROSE BRAND; hypogenous, deep brown, solitary, scattered, or concentric and subconfluent spores obovate-oblong, slightly constricted.—On Primrose leaves. Not common.

=Puccinia Veronicarum=, DC. VERONICA BRAND; spots yellowish; sori subglobose, aggregate, or circinating, central one large; spores brown, obovate-oblong, more or less constricted.—On the under surface of the leaves of several species of _Veronica_. Not common.

=Puccinia Glechomatis=, DC. GROUND-IVY BRAND; spots brownish; sori subrotund, scattered, hypogenous; spots brown, rather short, subelliptic, scarcely at all constricted.—On leaves of Ground-Ivy, _Glechoma hederacea_. September and October. Not uncommon. (Plate IV. figs. 73, 74.)

=Puccinia Menthæ=, Pers. MINT BRAND; spots obliterated; sori varying in size, hypogenous, subrotund, scattered; spores at length black, subglobose, or angular; peduncles short.—On leaves of Mint, Wild Thyme, Marjoram, &c. Autumn. Common. (Plate IV. figs. 69, 70.)

=Puccinia Scorodoniæ=, Lk. WOOD-SAGE BRAND; spots obliterated; sori small, confluent in subrotund patches, hypogenous; spores cinnamon; peduncles very long.—On leaves of Wood-sage. Darenth Wood. Not common.

=Puccinia Scrophulariæ=, Lib. FIGWORT BRAND; spots pallid; sori subrotund, oblong, or linear and confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores very much crowded, subglobose or oval, brownish, plicate, but not truly septate; pedicels elongated.—On _Scrophularia aquatica_. Penzance. Very rare.

=Puccinia Betonicæ=, DC. BETONY BRAND; spots obliterated; sori hypogenous, subrotund, aggregate, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores very pale-brown, short, obovate, elliptic; peduncles short.—On _Stachys Betonica_. Rare.

=Puccinia Vincæ=, Berk. PERIWINKLE BRAND; spots yellowish; sori hypogenous, scattered, subrotund, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores brown, oblong, slightly constricted, lower cell rather attenuated; peduncle very short.—On leaves of _Vinca major_. (Plate VI. fig. 132.) Autumn. Not uncommon.

=Puccinia Campanulæ=, Carm. CAMPANULA BRAND; spots apparently none; sori large, irregular, crowded, for a long time covered with the epidermis, at length surrounded by it; spores oblong-ovate, or slightly constricted; peduncles very short.—On _Campanulæ_. Not common.

=Puccinia clandestina=, Carm. SCABIOUS BRAND; spots yellowish; sori very minute, distinct, but collected together in great numbers, dark brown; epidermis evanescent; spores oblong, very slightly constricted, pedunculate.—On _Scabiosa succisa_. Not common.

=Puccinia Compositarum=, Sch. COMPOSITÆ BRAND; spots obliterated or whitish; sori small, subrotund, generally hypogenous, encircled with the ruptured epidermis; spores brown, oval, scarcely constricted.—On the leaves of _Centaureæ_, &c. Autumn. Common. (Plate IV. figs. 67, 68.)

=Puccinia Syngenesiarum=, Lk. THISTLE BRAND; spots obliterated; sori minute, collected in oval blackish-brown, raised spots, covered with the epidermis; spores brown; peduncles very short.—On the leaves of Thistles. Autumn. Common. (Plate IV. figs. 63, 64.)

=Puccinia glomerata=, Grev. RAGWORT BRAND; spots pale; sori roundish, depressed, often confluent; spores oblong, very variable; peduncles short.—On leaves of Ragwort, _Senecio Jacobæa_. Not common.

=Puccinia variabilis=, Grev. VARIABLE BRAND; sori amphigenous, minute, roundish, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, nearly black; spores variable, obtuse, cells often subdivided; peduncle very short.—On leaves of Dandelion. Summer and Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate IV. figs. 82, 83.)

=Puccinia Valantiæ=, Pers. CROSSWORT BRAND; spots obliterated; sori small, subrotund, scattered or crowded; spores pale-brown, obovate, attenuated below, the upper segment globular, easily separating.—On _Galium cruciatum_. Autumn. Not common.

=Puccinia Galiorum=, Lk. BEDSTRAW BRAND; spots obliterated; sori hypogenous, partly covered with and surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, scattered; spores brown.—On the leaves of several species of _Galium_ and _Asperula odorata_. Not uncommon. (Plate VIII. figs. 172, 173.)

=Puccinia Umbelliferarum=, DC. PIG-NUT BRAND; spots obliterated; sori small and scattered, subrotund, surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis; spores brown, broadly elliptic, much constricted; peduncle short.—On various _Umbelliferæ_. Common. (Plate IV. figs. 71, 72.)

=Puccinia Ægopodii=, Lk. GOUTWEED BRAND; spots brown; sori minute, subrotund and elongated, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, often circinating, and forming roundish patches; spores brown; peduncles very short.—On _Ægopodium podagraria_.

=Puccinia Saniculæ=, Grev. SANICLE BRAND; orbicular, variable in size, blackish-brown, scattered, rather confluent; spores very obtuse; peduncles somewhat elongated.—On _Sanicula Europæa_. Not uncommon. Summer and Autumn.

=Puccinia bullaria=, Lk. HEMLOCK BRAND; spots obliterated; sori subrotund or oblong, covered with the epidermis; spores brown, peduncle short, nearly obsolete.—On dry stems of _Conium maculatum_ and other _Umbelliferæ_. August and Sept.

=Puccinia Smyrnii=, Cd. ALEXANDER’S BRAND; spots obliterated; sori hypogenous, large, solitary, scattered, brown; spores ovoid, obtuse, verrucose, slightly constricted, minutely pedicellate.—On _Smyrnium olusatrum_. (Plate III. figs. 55, 56.)

=Puccinia Anemones=, Pers. ANEMONE BRAND; spots obliterated; sori subrotund, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, scattered, aggregate, and confluent; spores brown, very much constricted, consisting of two nearly globose portions, echinulate; peduncles very short.—On various species of _Anemone_. Very common on _Anemone nemorosa_. April and May. (Plate IV. figs. 64, 65.)

=Puccinia Calthæ=, Lk. MARSH-MARIGOLD BRAND; spots brownish; sori small, subrotund, convex, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, scattered; spores obovate, attenuated below, slightly constricted; peduncle very short.—On leaves of Marsh Marigold. Spring. Rare.

=Puccinia Noli-tangeris=, Corda. BALSAM BRAND; spots irregular, confluent, brownish; sori gregarious, reddish-brown; spores oblong, obtuse or attenuated, distinctly apiculate, brown; peduncles rudimentary. On leaves of _Impatiens noli-tangere_. Gathered at Albury, Surrey, by the Rev. L. Jenyns.—(_M. J. B._)

=Puccinia Violarum=, Lk. VIOLET BRAND; spots yellowish; sori hypogenous, small, crowded, covered with the epidermis, then surrounded by it; spores brown, elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly constricted.—On Violets. Autumn. Common.

=Puccinia Lychnidearum=, Lk. LYCHNIS BRAND; spots yellowish; sori subrotund or oblong, unequal, scattered, rarely confluent; spores white, at length brown, elongated, oblong, slightly constricted.—On leaves and stems of _Lychnidæ_, _Sagina procumbens_. Autumn. Common.

=Puccinia umbilici=, Guep. PENNY-WORT BRAND; seated on pallid spots; sori round, convex, compact, at length confluent in large orbicular patches; spores subglobose, not constricted, shortly pedicellate.—On _Cotyledon umbilicus_. Penzance, Guernsey, Corwen, N. Wales. _W. Pamplin._ (Plate IV. figs. 80, 81.)

=Puccinia Rhodiolæ=, B. and Br. STONECROP BRAND; spots orbicular, brown; sori minute, crowded; spores shortly pedicellate, articulations depressed, sometimes spuriously subdivided.—On leaves of _Sedum Rhodiola_. Summer. Not common.

=Puccinia Saxifragarum=, Schl. MOSCHATEL BRAND; spots obliterated; sori subrotund, scattered, crowded and confluent, when young surrounded by the epidermis; spores red-brown, rather short, oblong, slightly constricted.—On both surfaces of the leaves of _Adoxa moschatellina_. Not uncommon. Summer.

=Puccinia Chrysosplenii=, Grey. GOLDEN-SAXIFRAGE BRAND; sori of various sizes, few together and confluent, pale brown; spores long, somewhat waved, much attenuated at either extremity; peduncle elongated.—On the under surface of the leaves of _Chrysosplenium oppositifolium_. Rare.

=Puccinia Epilobii=, DC. WILLOW-HERB BRAND; spots pale; sori hypogenous, subrotund, crowded; epidermis evanescent; spores effuse, cinnamon, broadly elliptic, strongly constricted; peduncles very short.—On the leaves of _Epilobium palustre_. Not common.

=Puccinia pulverulenta=, Grev. GREAT WILLOW-HERB BRAND; sori hypogenous, dark brown, scattered or subconfluent, open concentric; spores minute, obovate, slightly constricted, lower cell rather attenuated; peduncle not very short.—On the leaves of _Epilobium montanum_ and _E. hirsutum_. August and September. Common. (Plate IV. figs. 78, 79.)

=Puccinia Circææ=, Pers. NIGHTSHADE BRAND; spots obliterated; sori minute, semiglobose, crowded into subrotund patches, occasionally confluent, generally covered with the epidermis; spores brown, oblong, often acute, sometimes obtuse; peduncles long, thick.—On the leaves of _Circæa lutetiana_ and _C. alpina_. Autumn. Not common.

=Puccinia Prunorum=, Lk. PLUM-TREE BRAND; spots obliterated; sori hypogenous, subrotund scattered, epidermis obliterated; spores brown, peduncles very short.—On the leaves of Plum-trees. September and October. Very common.

=Puccinia Fabæ=, Lk. BEAN BRAND; spots none; sori subrotund, or elongated, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores at length black, ovato-globose; peduncle slender.—On Beans. August and September. Not uncommon.

=Puccinia Buxi=, DC. BOX BRAND; spots none; sori subrotund, convex, scattered; spores brown, oblong, rather strongly constricted, lower cell slightly attenuated; peduncle very long.—On both surfaces of Box-leaves. April and May. Not uncommon.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM, DC.

Peduncles extremely long, agglutinated by gelatine into a tremelloid
expanded mass. Spores uniseptate.

=Gymnosporangium Juniperi=, Lk.; forming a soft gelatinous, irregular, orange mass; spores ovate or subelliptic, filled with subglobose granules.—On living twigs of _Juniperus communis_.

PODISOMA, _Lk._

Peduncles extremely long, agglutinated by gelatine into a common stem,
spreading out above into a _clavariæform_ mass; spores mostly
uniseptate.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 331.

=Podisoma Juniperi=, Fr.; orange, clavariæform, somewhat branched; stroma simple; spores very long, lanceolate, filled with elliptic granules.—On living branches of _Juniperus communis_. Not common.

=Podisoma foliicolum=, B.; epiphyllous, brown-black masses, subglobose, subelliptic, or irregular, consisting of radiating, crowded, very slender, agglutinated filaments, each bearing an elliptic or clavate, very obtuse spore, 3- to 5-septate.—On living leaves of _Juniperus communis_. Rare.

=Podisoma Sabinæ=, Fr.; red-brown, tuberculiform and clavate, simple; stroma obliterated; spores obovate, uniseptate.—On living branches of _Juniperus Sabinæ_. April. Not uncommon.

=CÆOMACEI=.

Simple and free.
Without appendages,
Springing from delicate threads. _Tilletia_.
Produced in separate cells.—
Deeply seated, pulverulent, } _Ustilago_
generally nearly black }
Superficial, yellow or brown _Uredo_.
Not enclosed in separate cells _Lecythea_.
With appendages,
Deciduous _Trichobasis_.
Permanent _Uromyces_.
Compound.
Irregular _Polycystis_.
Subglobose or shell-shaped _Tuburcinia_.

Spores of two orders—
1. Spherical } _Coleosporium_.
2. Cylindrical, septate }
1. Spherical } _Melampsora_.
2. Wedge-shaped, compact }
1. Concatenate, exposed } _Cystopus_.
2. Spherical, concealed }

TILLETIA, _Tul._

Spores spherical, reticulated, proceeding from delicate branched
threads.

=Tilletia caries=, Tul. BUNT; included within the germen; spores spherical, rather large, black.—On wheat, filling the grains with dark-coloured spores, fetid when crushed. Autumn. Very common. (Plate V. figs. 84-91.)

USTILAGO, _Link._

Plant deeply seated. Spores simple, springing from delicate threads,
or in closely-packed cells, ultimately breaking up into a
powdery mass.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 335.

_Ustilago segetum_, Ditm. CORN SMUT; produced on the receptacle and rachis; epidermis soon ruptured; spores loose, minute, globose, black.—On the ears of corn and grasses. Autumn. Very common. (Plate V. figs. 98, 99.)

=Ustilago urceolorum=, Tul. SEDGE SMUT; produced on the glumes and utricles; epidermis soon bursting; spores in a compact mass, afterwards breaking up, globose, rather large, granulated.—Surrounding the seed of various _Carices_; as, _Carex prœcox_, _stellulata_, _recurva_, and _pseudo-cyperus_. Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate VI. figs. 109-111.)

=Ustilago longissima=, Tul. ELONGATED SMUT; produced on the leaves in linear, long, parallel, dirty-olive patches; epidermis bursting longitudinally; spores globose, breaking up into minute granules, olive-black.—On leaves of _Poa aquatica_ and _fluitans_. Summer. Common. (Plate V. figs. 105-107.)

=Ustilago olivacea=, Tul. OLIVE SMUT; infesting the enlarged receptacle; epidermis soon bursting; spores olive-green, powdery, minute, mixed with filaments.—On _Carex riparia_. Not common. (Plate VI. figs. 126, 127.)

=Ustilago hypodytes=, Fr. GRASS-CULM SMUT; produced on the culms beneath the sheaths, afterwards exposed; spores minute, subglobose, brownish-black.—On the culms of various Grasses. Summer. Sometimes not uncommon. (Plate V. figs. 100, 101.)

=Ustilago Maydis=, Corda. MAIZE SMUT; produced on the stems, germens, &c.; epidermis at length bursting; spores spherical, minute, brownish-black, surface covered with echinulate warts.—On stems, &c., of _Zea mays_. (Plate V. fig. 108.)

=Ustilago Montagnei=, Tul. BEAKSEDGE SMUT; produced on the seeds; epidermis bursting; spores slightly angular, small, dark-coloured, intermixed sparingly with fragile filaments.—On seeds of _Rhyncospora alba_. Not common. (Plate V. figs. 96, 97.)

=Ustilago typhoides=, B. and Br. REED SMUT; prodded on the stems of reeds, forming thick bullate patches several inches long, occupying whole internodes, covered by their sheath; spores globose, rather large.—On stems of _Arundo phragmitis_. Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate VI. figs. 128, 129.)

=Ustilago Salveii=, B. and Br. COCKSFOOT SMUT; produced on the leaves, forming elongated parallel sori on the upper surface; spores obovate, rather large, rough with minute granules.—On leaves of _Dactylis glomerata_ and other Grasses. Not common. (Plate VI. figs. 117-119.)

=Ustilago grammica=, B. and Br. BANDED SMUT; forming little transverse bands consisting of short parallel black lines, 1/12 of an inch or more in length; spores globose, very minute.—On stems of _Aira aquatica_ and _A. cæspitosa_. Uncommon. (Plate VI. figs. 120-122.)

=Ustilago vinosa=, Tul. OXYRIA SMUT; produced on the swollen receptacles; spores roundish, very small, and minutely papillose, separately pellucid, in clusters, violaceous.—On the receptacles of _Oxyria reniformis_. Uncommon.

=Ustilago utriculosa=, Tul. UTRICLE SMUT; produced in the germen and perigonium; epidermis soon ruptured; spores effuse, minute, globose, purple-black.—On _Polygonum hydropiper_ and other _Polygona_. Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate VI. figs. 112-116.)

=Ustilago flosculorum=, Fr. FLORET SMUT; produced within the florets; spores minute, purplish-brown.—On the florets of _Scabiosa arvensis_. Not common. (Plate VI. figs. 123-125.)

=Ustilago receptaculorum=, Fr. GOATSBEARD SMUT; produced within the receptacles; spores ovate, minute, reticulated, violet-brown, nearly black, very profuse, filling the receptacle.—On the receptacles of Goatsbeard. June, July. Common. (Plate V. figs. 92-95.)

=Ustilago antherarum=, Fr. ANTHER SMUT; produced on the anthers and germens; spores subglobose, effuse, violet.—On the anthers of _Silene inflata_, &c. (Plate V. figs. 102-104.)

UREDO, _Lév._

_Stroma_ composed of little irregular cells forming a lentiform disk,
whose surface is covered with many layers of cells, each of
which encloses a spore; _spores_ simple, always without any
appendage.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 331.

-------

* _Spores more or less yellow._

=Uredo Potentillarum=, DC. POTENTILLA UREDO; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, bullate, aggregate, open, confluent; spores subglobose, subcoherent, orange.—On various _Rosaceæ_. Common.

=Uredo Saxifragarum=, DC. SAXIFRAGE UREDO; spots pallid; sori subrotund and oval, raised, scattered and aggregate on the under surface; epidermis ruptured, persistent; spores subglobose, yellow.—On various _Saxifrages_.

=Uredo Filicum=, Desm. FERN UREDO; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, bullate, scattered and aggregate on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, yellow.—On Ferns (_Cystopteris_, &c.) Not common.

=Uredo pustulata=, P. WILLOW-HERB UREDO; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, minute, closed, scattered and confluent on both surfaces; spores globose, yellow.—On _Epilobium palustre_.

=Uredo Hypericorum=, DC. ST. JOHN’S-WORT UREDO; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, bullate, distinct, scattered on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, cohering, orange.—On various _Hyperica_. August. Not uncommon. (Plate VIII. figs. 174, 175.)

=Uredo Caryophyllacearum=, Johnst. STITCHWORT UREDO; spots yellowish; sori subglobose, scattered and aggregate, minute, generally on the under surface; epidermis closed; spores oval, at length yellow.—On various _Caryophyllaceæ_. Autumn.

=Uredo Quercus=, Brond. OAK-LEAF UREDO; on the under surface; sori yellow, then orange, minute, ovate, and orbicular, slightly prominent, scattered, solitary or agglomerated into minute patches, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, pellucid, not cohering.—On Oak-leaves. September. Not common.

=Uredo porphyrogenita=, Kze. BIRD-CHERRY UREDO; spots purplish; sori subrotund, small, aggregate, hypogenous; epidermis at length ruptured; spores coherent, subglobose.—On leaves of _Prunus Padus_. Scotland, 1863. (_Rev. M. J. Berkeley._)

=Uredo Vacciniorum=, P. BILBERRY UREDO; spots yellow-brown; sori subrotund, minute, aggregate, and scattered, on the under surface of the leaves; epidermis seldom ruptured; spores ovoid, yellowish.—On _Vaccinium Myrtillus_ and _V. vitis-idæa_. Scotland.

=Uredo confluens=, DC. MERCURY UREDO; on the under surface, depressed, yellow, oblong, concentric, at length confluent; spores nearly oval.—On _Mercurialis perennis_ and _M. annua_. May, June. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 133, 134.)

=Uredo Alliorum=, DC. GARLIC UREDO; spots obliterated; sori linear, oblong, and oval, on both surfaces; spores ovoid or subglobose, yellow or whitish.—On various species of _Allium_. Common.

* * _Spores brown._

=Uredo Statices=, Desm. SEA-LAVENDER UREDO; sori few and scattered,
orbicular or oval; spores sessile, globose, brown.—On various
species of _Statice_.

=Uredo Circææ=, A. & S. NIGHTSHADE UREDO; sori minute, crowded, subrotund, slightly confluent, on the under surface; spores irregular, ovate, small, ochraceous.—On leaves of _Circæa lutetiana_. June, July. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 135, 136.)

=Uredo bifrons=, Grev. TWIN-FACED UREDO. On both surfaces of the leaves, often opposite, scattered, round, light brown, girt with the remains of the epidermis; spores globose.—On Sorrel leaves (_Rumex acetosa_ and _R. acetosella_). July, September. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 137-139)

LECYTHEA, _Lév._

_Stroma_ surrounded or sprinkled with elongated abortive spores.
_Spores_ free, invested with their mother-cell, or
concatenate.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 334.

* _Spores free._

=Lecythea Ruborum=, Lév. BRAMBLE RUST. Spots pale, brown or purple on the opposite side, sometimes depressed above; sori subrotund, aggregate; epidermis soon bursting; spores globose or subglobose, echinulate, bright ochraceous-yellow.—On the under surface of Bramble leaves. July and August. Very common. (Plate II. fig. 40.)

=Lecythea Rosæ=, Lév. ROSE RUST; spots yellow, small, scattered; spores sub-oval, sometimes minutely pedicellate, orange.—On Rose-leaves. July, September. Extremely common. (Plate II. fig. 37.)

=Lecythea Poterii=, Lév. BURNET RUST; spots obliterated, rufous on the opposite side; sori subrotund, scattered, minute on the under surface; epidermis bursting; spores subglobose, often pedicellate, intense orange; barren spores pale, cylindrical, and slightly curved.—On _Poterium Sanguisorba_. Summer. Common. (Plate III. fig. 31.)

=Lecythea Populina=, Lév. POPLAR RUST; hypogenous; sori yellow, roundish or oblong, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores copious, elongated or ovate.—On Poplar and Birch leaves. Summer. Common.

=Lecythea Euphorbiæ=, Lév. SPURGE RUST; spots obliterated; sori subrotund, small, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores pyriform or subglobose, pedicellate; fertile spores subglobose, orange.—On the under surface of the leaves of various species of _Euphorbia_, especially _E. helioscopia_ and _E. peplus_. August. Very common.

=Lecythea epitea=, Lév. TAWNY WILLOW RUST; sori roundish, scattered, at first tawny, at length growing pale, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subrotund and pyriform.—On the under surface of Willow-leaves.

=Lecythea mixta=, Lév. ORANGE WILLOW RUST; spots yellow; sori subrotund, aggregate, confluent, effuse, permanently surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores oblong and pyriform, orange.—On both surfaces of the leaves of Willows.

=Lecythea Saliceti=, Lév. COMMON WILLOW RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, solitary, or in circles, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores subglobose and pedicellate or pyriform; fertile spores subglobose, orange.—On the under surface of Willow-leaves. Autumn. Common.

=Lecythea Baryi=, Berk. DE BARY’S RUST; sori few; cystidia with an abrupt globose head; spores subglobose.—On leaves of _Brachypodium pennatum_. Very rare.

=Lecythea Valerianæ=, Berk. VALERIAN RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, small, confluent, sometimes circinating; epidermis at length bursting; spores reddish-brown, subglobose or clavate, shortly pedicellate.—On _Valeriana officinalis_. August.

* * _Spores invested._

=Lecythea gyrosa=, Berk. RINGED RUST; spots obliterated; sori minute, confluent, and forming a small distinct ring; epidermis bursting; spores globose and elongato-pyriform, yellow or pale.—On the upper surface of Raspberry and Bramble leaves, forming a more or less perfect ring with the centre unoccupied. September. (Plate VIII. figs. 162-164.)

* * * _Spores concatenate._

=Lecythea Capræarum=, Berk. SALLOW RUST; spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side; sori varied in form, here and there confluent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; barren spores subglobose and pyriform, pedicellate; fertile spores subglobose, dirty yellow.—On the under surface of the leaves of Sallows. June to August. Very common. (Plate VIII. figs. 160, 161.)

=Lecythea Lini=, Berk. FLAX RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose or pyriform, sometimes pedicellate.—On _Linum catharticum_. July. Not uncommon. (Plate VIII. figs. 165-167.)

TRICHOBASIS, _Lév._

_Spores_ free; attached at first to a short peduncle, which at length
falls away.—_Berk. Outl._, pp. 332.

* _Spores yellow._

=Trichobasis rubigo-vera=, Lév. ROUND CORN RUST; spots yellow, heaps oval, scattered, generally on the upper surface; epidermis at length bursting longitudinally; spores subglobose, reddish-brown, easily dispersed.—On Grasses and Corn. Throughout the Summer. Very common. (Plate VII. figs. 140-142.)

=Trichobasis linearis=, Lév. LONG CORN RUST; spots yellow-brown. Sori elliptic, then elongated and linear; epidermis bursting; spores oblong or globose, yellow.—On leaves and sheaths of Corn and Grasses. Summer. Common. Plate VII. figs. 143, 144.)

=Trichobasis Glumarum=, Lév. GLUME RUST; sori minute, round, scarcely convex, subgregarious, often confluent. Spores globose or subovoid, orange, not pedicellate; epispore smooth.—On the glumes of Cereals. August.

=Trichobasis Symphyti=, Lév. COMFREY RUST; Sori minute, very numerous, scattered, roundish, then confluent; epidermis ruptured, scarcely conspicuous around the margin; spores subglobose, pallid orange.—On Comfrey.

=Trichobasis Pyrolæ=, B. WINTERGREEN RUST; spots yellowish-brown on the opposite side; sori globose, minute, scattered or aggregate, on the under surface; epidermis generally closed; spores subglobose, yellow.—On _Pyrola rotundifolia_, &c.

=Trichobasis Petroselini=, B. PARSLEY RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and oval, confluent, on both surfaces; epidermis at length ruptured; spores globose or subglobose, occasionally obsoletely pedicellate, pale yellow.—On various _Umbelliferæ_.

=Trichobasis Senecionis=, B. GROUNDSEL RUST; spots obliterated; sori solitary or regularly crowded, subrotund and oval, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, orange.—On various species of Groundsel. July. Very common. Plate VII. figs. 145, 146.)

=Trichobasis Caricina=, B. SEDGE RUST; spots red; sori oval, minute, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, reddish, then brown.—On _Carex pendula_, _C. pseudo-cyperus_, &c. June to August. Common. (Plate VIII. figs. 170, 171.)

* * _Spores brown._

=Trichobasis oblongata=, B. LUZULA RUST; spots oblong, often confluent, yellow-brown; sori elliptic, on both surfaces; epidermis closed; spores brown, obtuse at either extremity.—On _Luzulæ_. May to July. (Plate VII. figs. 158, 159.)

=Trichobasis Scillarum=, B. HYACINTH RUST; spots oblong or subrotund, crowded into patches; epidermis bursting longitudinally; spores rubiginous, obovate, shortly pedunculate.—On the Wild Hyacinth, &c.

=Trichobasis Cichoracearum=, Lév. HAWKWEED RUST; on both sides of the leaf, dark, fuscous, minute, round, scattered: spores globose, rarely minutely pedicellate.—On Thistles and Hawkweed. July to September. Common.

=Trichobasis Artemisiæ=, B. MUGWORT RUST; spots obliterated, brownish on the opposite side; sori subglobose and oval, minute, scattered, on both surfaces; epidermis soon ruptured; spores subglobose, brownish.—On _Artemisia vulgaris_, &c. Not common.

=Trichobasis Labiatarum=, Lév. MINT RUST; spots yellowish and brown; sori subrotund, scattered, subaggregate, on the under surface; epidermis ruptured; spores subglobose, brown.—On various _Labiatæ_. August to September. Common.

=Trichobasis Lychnidearum=, Lév. CHICKWEED RUST; spots pallid yellowish; sori subrotund plane, scattered on the under surface, cinnamon, at length brownish; epidermis ruptured; spores globoso-ovoid, sessile, or shortly pedicellate.—On _Caryophyllaceæ_. Summer and Autumn.

=Trichobasis Umbellatarum=, Lév. HEMLOCK RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund and ovate, scattered, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovate, oval, and oblong in the same heap, brown.—On _Conium maculatum_, _Apium graveolens_, and other _Umbelliferæ_. August and September.

=Trichobasis Heraclei=, B. HOGWEED RUST; on the under surface, scattered, sometimes subconfluent, roundish, light brown, girt by the remains of the epidermis; spores obovate, with a very short peduncle.—On _Heracleum spondylium_. June and July.

=Trichobasis Hydrocotyles=, Cooke. FLUKEWORT RUST; without definite spots; sori chiefly on the upper, sometimes on the under surface, scattered, variable, roundish, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores subglobose, at length brown; epispore rough with minute tubercles.—On _Hydrocotyle vulgaris_. Epping, July to September, 1863 and 1864. (Plate VIII. figs. 168, 169.)

=Trichobasis Betæ=, Lév. BEET-LEAF RUST; spots yellow; heaps subrotund and oval, scattered and concentric, on the upper surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores subglobose, shortly pedicellate, brown.—On the leaves of Beet. August and September. Common.

=Trichobasis Fabæ=, Lév. BEAN RUST; spots obliterated; sori subrotund and oval; bullate, scattered and aggregate, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovoid, brown.—On Beans. August and September. Common.

=Trichobasis Galii=, Lév. BEDSTRAW RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, aggregate, closed; spores globose, reddish.—On _Galium verum_, _saxatile_, &c. July and August.

=Trichobasis suaveolens=, Lév. THISTLE RUST; spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered, at length confluent, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose, brown.—On leaves of Thistles, frequently covering the whole under surface. Summer. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 151-153.)

=Trichobasis Polygonorum=, B. KNOTGRASS RUST; spots red-yellow, widely effused; sori subrotund, scattered, sometimes forming a ring, epidermis at length bursting; spores somewhat obovate, brown.—On _Polygonum aviculare_, _amphibium_, and other species. July to September. Common.

=Trichobasis Vincæ=, B. PERIWINKLE RUST; spots yellowish; sori small, subrotund, and oval, on the under surface, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores oval, rather ovoid, brown.—On leaves of _Vinca major_. May and June. (Plate VI. fig. 130, 131.)

=Trichobasis Geranii=, B. GERANIUM RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered or confluent; spores subglobose, brown.—On various species of Geranium.

=Trichobasis Violarum=, B. VIOLET RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, generally on the under surface; epidermis ruptured, persistent; spores subglobose, brown.—On leaves and petioles of Violets. July. Not uncommon.

=Trichobasis Parnassiæ=, Cooke. GRASS OF PARNASSUS RUST; on both surfaces of the leaves; sori at first bullate, at length rupturing the epidermis, scattered, often confluent; spores globose or nearly so, rather large, tawny brown.—On _Parnassia palustris_. Irstead, Norfolk. September, 1864.

=Trichobasis Epilobii=, Berk. WILLOW-HERB RUST; spots yellowish; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, often on the under surface; spores subglobose, brown.—On _Epilobium montanum_, &c. June and July.

=Trichobasis Rhamni=, Cooke. BUCKTHORN RUST; seated on definite yellowish spots; sori occurring only on the under surface of the leaves, scattered or collected in clusters, very minute, roundish, or oblong; spores at length rusty brown, subglobose.—On _Rhamnus catharticus_. Selsdon, Surrey. September 16, 1864. (_A. Grugeon._)

UROMYCES, _Lév._

_Spores_ unilocular, attached permanently to a decided peduncle of
greater or less length.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 333.

=Uromyces Alliorum=, DC. GARLIC RUST; spots obliterated, sori linear, oblong, or oval, amphigenous; spores subglobose, yellow.—On species of _Allium_.

=Uromyces Ulmariæ=, Lév. GOLDEN RUST; broad, pulverulent, on the under surface of leaves, nerves, and petioles; spores numerous, subglobose, bright reddish-orange.—On _Spiræa Ulmariæ_, Roses, &c. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 147, 148.)

=Uromyces appendiculata=, Lév. LONG-STEMMED RUST; spots yellowish-brown, sori subrotund and oval, confluent, nearly plane, on the under surface. Epidermis bursting, spores ovoid, brown, with a long peduncle.—On _Leguminosæ_ and other plants. August and September. (Plate VII. figs. 149, 150.)

=Uromyces apiculosa.=, Lév. SHORT-STEMMED RUST: spots yellow or brown, sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores ovoid, brown, shortly pedunculate.—On dock and various other plants. August and September. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 154, 155.)

=Uromyces Limonii=, Lév. SEA-LAVENDER RUST; epiphyllous, sori bullate, scattered or disposed in rings; spores ovate.—On _Statice limonia_.

=Uromyces Ficariæ=, Lév. PILEWORT RUST; spots yellowish, sori scattered, aggregate, confluent, and expanded; epidermis ruptured; spores ovoid, brown.—On _Ranunculus Ficaria_. May and June. Common. (Plate VII. figs. 156, 157.)

=Uromyces Primulæ=, Lév. PRIMROSE RUST; spots yellowish, sori subrotund and oval, aggregate, on the under surface; epidermis at length bursting; spores ovoid, brown.—On Primroses.

=Uromyces intrusa=, Lév. LADY’S-MANTLE RUST; on the under surface, scattered, or partially aggregate, reddish-brown, rounded, somewhat prominent, minute, very unequal; spores roundish or oval.—On _Alchemilla vulgaris_.

=Uromyces Iridis=, Lév. IRIS RUST; on the under, rarely on the upper, surface; spots yellow, sori small, pale red-brown, oblong and linear, scattered or aggregate, scarcely convex; epidermis bullate, rarely bursting longitudinally; spores globose or broadly elliptic, pale brown, pellucid.—On _Iris fœtidissima_. August to September. Not uncommon.

POLYCYSTIS, _Lév._

_Spores_ irregular, consisting of several cells.—_Berk. Outl._, p.
334.

=Polycystis Colchici=, Tul. MEADOW-SAFFRON SMUT; sori elongated, bursting irregularly; spores smooth or slightly papillose.—On leaves of Meadow-Saffron. Not common.

=Polycystis Violæ=, B. and Br. VIOLET SMUT; sori scattered, elongated, on both surfaces of the leaves and petioles; spores more or less globose, consisting of several cells surrounded by a common irregular crust.—On leaves and petioles of Violets. August. Common. (Plate IX. figs. 185, 186.)

=Polycystis pompholygodes=, Lév. BUTTERCUP SMUT; sori varied in form, bullate, epidermis inflated, at first entire, then bursting irregularly, its remains surrounding the clusters; spores copious, subglobose, black, opaque or pellucid.—On _Ranunculus repens_ and other _Ranunculaceæ_. Summer. Very common. (Plate IX. figs. 183, 184.)

=Polycystis parallela=, B. and Br. RYE SMUT; sori very long, linear, epidermis bursting longitudinally, spores globose, with several projecting nodules, dark brown.—On culms and sheaths of Rye and on the leaves of Carices. (Plate IX. figs. 187, 188.)

TUBURCINIA, _Fr._

_Plant_ deeply seated; _spores_ multicellular, subglobose, or
conchiform. _Berk. Outl._, p. 335.

=Tuburcinia scabies=, B. POTATO SMUT; spores globose composed of minute cells forming together a hollow globe with one or more lacunæ, generally attached laterally by a slender thread, olive. On Potatoes. Common. (Plate III. fig. 54.)

=Tuburcinia Trientalis=, B. and Br. TRIENTALIS SMUT; sori two lines broad, bullate, containing a black mass of rather irregular depressed subglobose spores, which are very opaque and distinctly cellular. Hyphasma white, branched, creeping, delicate.—On leaves of _Trientalis Europæa_. August and September. Scotland. (Plate III. figs. 52, 53.)

COLEOSPORIUM, _Lév._

_Spores_ cylindrical, septate, some separating at the joints, some of
a different nature, persistent.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 333.

=Coleosporium Tussilaginis=, Lév. COLTSFOOT RUST; on the under surface, prominent, crowded, generally forming circles, becoming very confluent; spores numerous, sub-ovate, orange-yellow.—On _Tussilago Farfara_. Summer. Common. (Plate VIII. figs. 180, 181.)

=Coleosporium pingue=, Lév. TAWNY ROSE RUST; spots obliterated, sori effuse, on the nerves and petioles of the leaves; spores ovoid, yellowish-brown.—On Roses, &c.

=Coleosporium Petasitis=, Lév. BUTTERBUR RUST; on the under surface, minute, depressed, spreading, somewhat aggregate, subconfluent, irregular in form; spores oval, orange, or orange-red.—On _Tussilago Petasites_. Autumn. Common.

=Coleosporium Campanulæ=, Lév. CAMPANULA RUST; spots obliterated, brown on the opposite side, sori irregular, confluent, plane, on the under surface; spores subglobose, cohering, yellow, at length pale. On leaves of various Campanulæ. September and October.

=Coleosporium Sonchi-arvensis=, Lév. SOW-THISTLE RUST; on the under surface, depressed, irregular in form, scattered, partially confluent; spores ovate, reddish orange.—On _Sonchus oleraceus_ and _arvensis_. Summer. Common. (Plate VIII. figs. 178, 179.)

=Coleosporium Rhinanthacearum=, Lév. COW-WHEAT RUST; spots none or subferruginous; sori irregular, confluent, on the under, rarely on both surfaces; spores subglobose, compact, golden-yellow.—On _Euphrasia officinalis_, _Bartsia odontites_, _Melampyrum arvense_, &c. August and September. Common. (Plate VIII. figs. 170, 177.)

MELAMPSORA, _Cast_.

Spores of two orders, crowded into a dense compact mass, with or
without a covering, wedge-shaped. _Berk. Outl._, p. 333.

=Melampsora Euphorbiæ=, Cast. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores golden-yellow, scattered, distinct, sometimes cauline; spores small, subglobose; sori of perfect spores becoming black, small, roundish, spores prismatic, membrane thickened above, dark brown.—On leaves and stems of _Euphorbia helioscopia_, _E. exigua_, and other species of spurge. Common. (Plate IX. figs. 193, 194.)

=Melampsora Populina=, Lév. Hypophyllous, epiphyllous, or amphigenous, at first yellow or orange; summer spores obovate-oblong, attenuated or truncate, echinulate; paraphyses obovate, capitate or claviform, abundant in fully-ripened sori; sori of perfect spores at first tawny yellow, becoming black during the winter, swelling in the spring, and becoming of a cinnamon-colour, hypophyllous, roundish, or oblong; spores prism-shaped, 5-6 together, yellowish, smooth.—On leaves of _Populus nigra_. Common. Spores perfected in February. (Plate IX. figs. 195, 196.)

=Melampsora Tremulæ=, Tul. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores punctiform, prominent, or papillæform, numerous; spores tawny-yellow, elliptical or obovate; paraphyses slender; sori of perfect spores scattered, at length blackish; spores elongated, compressed, attenuated downwards, yellowish.—On leaves of _Populus tremula_. Common. Spores perfected during the winter.

=Melampsora Betulina=, Desm. Hypophyllous; sori of summer spores bright yellow or orange, oblong, cylindrical, or obovate, truncate at the base, echinulate; paraphyses encircling or intermixed, obovate, smooth, hyaline; sori of perfect spores confluent, of an obscure brown in the winter, becoming of a bright orange when mature; spores elongated, attenuated below, polygonal, ochraceous.—On leaves of _Betula alba_. Common. Spores perfected in January and February. (Plate IX. figs. 189, 190.)

=Melampsora Salicina=, Lév. Epiphyllous or hypophyllous; sori, or heaps of summer spores, scattered, pale orange, bright orange, or cinereous; spores ovato-globose, paraphyses capitate, rarely obovate; sori of perfect spores epiphyllous, scattered or aggregate, at first yellowish-tawny, then brownish, at length nearly black, bullate; spores oblong, closely packed, and laterally compressed.—On _Salix viminalis_ and _S. capræa_. Common. Spores perfected in February. (Plate IX. figs. 191, 192.)

CYSTOPUS.

Receptacle consisting of thick branched threads; conidia concatenate,
at length separating; oospores deeply seated on the mycelium.

=Cystopus candidus=, Lév. CRUCIFER WHITE RUST; conidia equal, globose; membrane equal, ochraceous; oospores subglobose, epispore yellowish-brown, with irregular obtuse warts; warts solid.—On Shepherd’s-purse, Cabbages, and other Cruciferæ. Summer. Very common. (Plate X. figs. 198-200, 205-207.)

=Cystopus cubicus=, Str. GOATSBEARD WHITE RUST; conidia unequal; terminal cell sterile, larger than the rest; membrane thickened, ochraceous, rarely yellowish; fertile cells shortly cylindrical; membrane hyaline; oospores globose; epispore brown, verrucose; warts hollow, round, or irregular.—On goatsbeard, salsify, and scorzonera. Summer and autumn. Common. (Plate X. figs. 201, 202, 210.)

=Cystopus Lepigoni=, De By. SANDWORT WHITE RUST; conidia unequal; terminal cell sterile, globose; membrane thickened; fertile cells subglobose or cylindrical; membrane hyaline; oospores globose; epispore brown, tubercles minute, irregular, very convex, often resembling spines.—On _Spergutaria rubra_. Swanscombe Marshes, September, 1864. (_R. G. Keeley._)

PERONOSPOREI, De By.

PERONOSPORA, _Casp._

Parasitic threads mostly inarticulate. Spores of two kinds:—1.
Acrospores on the tips of the branchlets; 2. Oospores large,
globose, on the creeping mycelium.

=Peronospora infestans=, Mont. POTATO MOULD; threads of mycelium slender, always destitute of suckers; fertile threads thin, gradually attenuated upwards, with one to five branches, one or more inflated vesicles near the apices of the branches; branches either simple or with short branchlets; acrospores ellipsoid or ovoid; apex furnished with a prominent papilla.—On leaves, stems, and tubers of the Potato, causing the potato-murrain. Very common since 1845. (Plate XIV. fig. 264.)

=Peronospora nivea=, Ung. (_P. macrospora_, B.). PARSNIP MOULD; threads of mycelium stout, often torulose; suckers numerous, vesicular, obovate; fertile threads fasciculate, dwarfish, tapering or subulate, or once or twice shortly bifurcate, rarely trifurcate, with one to four horizontal branches near the summit, once, twice, or three times bifurcate; acrospores subglobose or ovoid, with an obtuse papilla at the apex.—On various _Umbelliferæ_. Common and variable.

=Peronospora pygmæa=, Ung. (_P. curta_, Berk.). ANEMONE MOULD; threads of mycelium thickened, often constricted and varicose; suckers minute, obovate, or pear-shaped; fertile threads fasciculate (2-5 or more), simple above or divided at the apex into 2-4 short simple branches, or shortly twice dichotomous, or all simple, obtuse, surmounted by 2-4 short spicules; acrospores ovoid or ellipsoid, variable in size; apices broadly and obtusely papillate.—On Wood-anemone. Not uncommon. (Plate XV. fig. 267.)

=Peronospora gangliformis=, Berk. LETTUCE MOULD; threads of the mycelium stout, now and then torulose; suckers vesicular, obovate or clavate; fertile threads 2-6 times dichotomous, sometimes trichotomous; stems and primary branches slender, dilated or inflated above; the ultimate ramuli inflated at the apex into a turbinate or subglobose vesicle bearing from 2-8 subulate processes or spicules; acrospores minute, subglobose; apices with broad depressed papillæ, produced on the spicular processes, On Lettuces and other _Compositæ_. Frequent. (Plate XIV. fig. 265.)

=Peronospora parasitica=, Pers. CABBAGE MOULD; threads of the mycelium thickened and much branched; suckers numerous, branched; branches clavate, obtuse; fertile threads thick, soft, flexile, equal or unequal, 5-8 times dichotomous, rarely trichotomous; branches always repeatedly trifurcate; acrospores broadly elliptical, very obtuse at the apex, white.—On Cabbages, Shepherd’s-purse, and other Cruciferæ, sometimes in company with _Cystopus candidus_. Summer and autumn. Common. (Plate XIII. fig. 262.)

=Peronospora Viciæ=, Berk. PEA MOULD; fertile threads densely cæspitose, erect, equal, rarely unequal, 6-7-8 times dichotomous; ultimate ramuli shortly subulate, acute; acrospores ellipsoid, very obtuse at the apex, obtuse or slightly acute at the base; membrane with a violaceous tint.—On Tares, Peas, &c. Frequent. (Plate XV. fig. 266; Plate X. fig. 212.)

=Peronospora Arenariæ=, Berk. SANDWORT MOULD; fertile threads slender, 6-7 times equally, rarely unequally, dichotomous; branches spreading; ultimate ramuli slender, acute, subulate, nearly erect; acrospores broadly elliptical, oftentimes very obtuse, small; membrane scarcely violaceous.—On _Arenaria serpyllifolia_ and _A. trinervis_.—June. (Plate XVI. fig. 268; Plate X. fig. 211.)

=Peronospora effusa=, Grev. SPINACH MOULD; fertile threads fasciculate, short, thick, 2-6, rarely 7 times dichotomous above; acrospores broadly ellipsoid, sometimes very obtuse; membrane with a violaceous tint. On Spinach, Goosefoot, and some other allied plants. Spring and autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate X. figs. 214, 215.)

=Peronospora Urticæ=, Casp. NETTLE MOULD; fertile threads small, loosely 4-6 times dichotomous; branches flexuose, ultimate ramuli subulate, arcuate, often deflexed; acrospores large, broadly ovoid or subglobose, distinctly pedicellate; apices very obtuse; membrane violaceous.—On leaves of the common Nettle.

=Peronospora trifoliorum=, De By. CLOVER MOULD; fertile threads cæspitose, equally or unequally 6-7 times dichotomous, rarely trichotomous; ultimate branches subulate, acute, slightly curved; acrospores ellipsoid, very obtuse; membrane with a slightly violaceous tint; oospores large; epispore brown.—On Lucern (_Medicago sativa_). Highgate and Hampstead, 1864.

=Peronospora grisea=, Ung. VERONICA MOULD; fertile threads erect, fasciculate, grey, 5-7 times regularly dichotomous; branches gradually attenuated; primary oblique erect; others spreading, flexuose; ultimate mostly unequal, slightly arcuate; acrospores ellipsoid or ovoid, obtuse; membrane pale and dirty violet.—On leaves of _Veronica beccabunga_. May, 1846. (Plate X. fig. 213.)

=Peronospora arborescens=, Berk. POPPY MOULD; fertile threads slender, erect, 7-10 times dichotomous above; branches more or less flexuose, squarrose, spreading, gradually attenuated; ultimate ramuli shortly subulate, more or less arcuate; acrospores very small, subglobose; membrane scarcely violaceous.—On the Corn Poppy. June. Common.

=Peronospora Schleideniana=, De By. (_P. Destructor_, B.) ONION MOULD; fertile threads robust, erect, not septate, branched alternately; ultimate ramuli forked and uncinate or divaricate; acrospores seated on the tips of the ultimate ramuli, obovoid or nearly pear-shaped, attenuated at the base; membrane of a dirty violet-colour.—On the leaves of various species of _Allium_. Often plentiful. (Plate XIII. fig. 263.)

=Peronospora violacea=, Berk. SCABIOUS MOULD; fertile threads branched; acrospores sub-elliptical, violet-coloured. All that is known of this species is contained in the following note from the Rev. M. J. Berkeley:—“It grew on the petals of the common scabious. I have not found it again, and have either lost or mislaid my specimens. You may describe it as _læte violacea_; _floccis ramosis_; _sporis subellipticis_, _violaceis_. It is probably the _Farinaria_ on Scabious of Sowerby.” (M. J. B.)

=Peronospora sordida=, Berk. FIGWORT MOULD; forming broad, irregular, dirty, pallid spots on the under surface of the leaves; fertile threads loosely dichotomous above; tips forked, unequal; acrospores obovate, apiculate.—On leaves of _Scrophularia_. Jedburgh.

=Peronospora sparsa=, Berk. ROSE MOULD; fertile threads scattered, by no means torulose, ultimate branches scarcely uncinate, dichotomous, pallid grey; acrospores sub-elliptical.—On the under side of rose-leaves in conservatories.

=Peronospora obliqua=, Cooke. DOCK MOULD; threads of the mycelium slender; fertile threads fasciculate, erect, simple, rarely bifurcate, attenuated upwards; acrospores large, ellipsoid, attached obliquely near the base.—On the under surface of dock leaves. Winter and spring. Probably not uncommon. Brownish circular spots on the leaves indicate the presence of this mould, which is so minute that it might otherwise be overlooked. (Plate XVI. fig. 269.)

=Erysiphei=.

_Conceptacle with one sporangium._
Appendages floccose _Sphærotheca_.

_Conceptacle with many sporangia._
Appendages needle-shaped, rigid _Phyllactinia_.
Appendages hooked _Uncinula_.
Appendages dichotomous _Microsphæria_.
Appendages floccose _Erysiphe_.

SPHÆROTHECA, _Lév._

Mycelium arachnoid; perithecia globose, containing a single globose
sporangium; appendages numerous, floccose.—_Berk. Outl._, p.
404.

=Sphærotheca pannosa=, Lév. ROSE BLIGHT; mycelium thickened, woolly, felted, persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered; appendages floccose, white; sporangium many-spored.—On the branches, calyces, petioles, and leaves of Roses. Very common. (Plate XI. figs. 217, 218.)

=Sphærotheca Castagnei=, Lév. HOP BLIGHT; on both surfaces; mycelium effuse, web-like, commonly evanescent; conceptacles minute, scattered, globose; appendages numerous, short, flexuose above; sporangium many-spored.—On the leaves of the Hop, Meadow-sweet, and various other plants. Common. (Plate XI. fig. 216.)

PHYLLACTINIA, _Lév._

Perithecia hemispherical, at length depressed, seated on a persistent
or evanescent membranaceo-granular receptacle; appendages
straight, rigid, acicular, at length bent back.—_Berk. Outl._,
p. 404.

=Phyllactinia guttata=, Lév. HAZEL BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, often evanescent; conceptacles large, scattered, hemispherical, at length depressed; appendages hyaline, rigid, simple; sporangia 4-20, containing 2-4 spores.—On the leaves of Hawthorn, Hazel, Ash, Elm, Alder, Beech, Birch, Oak, Hornbeam, and various other plants. Common. (Plate XI. figs. 219, 220.)

UNCINULA, _Lév._

Mycelium floccose; perithecia globose; appendages rigid, simple, bifid
or dichotomous, uncinate, at length bent upwards.—_Berk. Outl._,
p. 404.

=Uncinula adunca=, Lév. WILLOW BLIGHT; mycelium variable; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, minute; appendages simple; sporangia 8-12, sub-pyriform, containing 4 spores.—On the leaves of Willows, Poplars, Birch, &c. Not uncommon. (Plate XI. figs. 221-224.)

=Uncinula bicornis=, Lév. MAPLE BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent, or like a membrane and persistent; conceptacles large, hemispherical, at length depressed; appendages simple, bifid or dichotomous, uncinate; sporangia 8, sub-pyriform, containing 8 spores.—On the leaves of Maples. Common. (Plate XI. figs. 225-228.)

MICROSPHÆRIA, _Lév._

_Mycelium_ arachnoid; appendages straight, dichotomous; branchlets
swelling at the tip, or filiform.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 404.

=Microsphæria Hedwigii=, Lév. MEALY GUELDER-ROSE BLIGHT; hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, evanescent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered; appendages few, very little longer than the diameter of the conceptacles; sporangia 4, ovate, containing 4 spores.—On leaves of mealy Guelder-rose. Near Greenhithe, Kent.

=Microsphæria penicillata=, Lév. GUELDER-ROSE BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent; conceptacles scattered, minute, globose; appendages 8-12, equal to the diameter of the conceptacle; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, containing 8 spores.—On leaves of Guelder-rose and Alder. Probably not uncommon. (Plate XI. fig. 234.)

=Microsphæria Mougeotii=, Lév. TEA-TREE BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, oftentimes persistent; conceptacles minute, scattered or gregarious, globose, at length depressed; appendages loosely dichotomous; sporangia 12-16, on a short pedicel, 2-spored.—On leaves of _Lycium barbarum_. Near Dartford, Kent. October, 1864.

=Microsphæria Berberidis=, Lév. BERBERRY BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, oftentimes persistent; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute; appendages few (5-10); branchlets long, divaricate, obtuse at their apices; sporangia 6, ovate, containing 6-8 spores.—On leaves of the common Berberry. Autumn. Frequent. (Plate XI. figs. 229-232.)

=Microsphæria grossulariæ=, Lév. GOOSEBERRY BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute; appendages 10-15, vaguely dichotomous, ultimate branchlets bidentate; sporangia 4-8, ovate, containing 4-5 spores.—On Gooseberry-leaves. Autumn. Frequent.

ERYSIPHE, _Hedw._

Mycelium arachnoid; appendages floccose, simple or irregularly
branched.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 404.

* _Sporangia 2-spored._

=Erysiphe Linkii=, Lév. MUGWORT BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like; fugacious or persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, emersed; appendages white, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 8-20, pyriform, with elongated pedicels.—On leaves of Mugwort. Autumn. Frequent. (Plate XII. figs. 248, 249.)

=Erysiphe lamprocarpa=, Lév. COMPOSITE BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, or gregarious; appendages coloured, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 8-16, shortly pedicellate.—On leaves of Salsify, Scorzonera, Plantain, &c. Autumn. Not uncommon. (Plate XII. figs. 250, 251.)

** _Sporangia 3-8-spored._

=Erysiphe graminis=, D.C. GRASS BLIGHT; amphigenous or epiphyllous; mycelium effuse, floccose, persistent; conceptacles large, gregarious or disseminated, hemispherical, at length depressed and semi-immersed; appendages simple or interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 20-24, ovate, pedicellate, with 8 spores.—On leaves of Grasses. Autumn. Frequent. (Plate XI. figs. 235, 236.)

=Erysiphe Martii=, Lk. PEA BLIGHT; amphigenous; mycelium web-like, very often evanescent, globose; appendages short, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 4-8, globose, pedicellate, with 4-8 spores.—On leaves of Peas, Beans, _Umbelliferæ_, and other plants. Autumn. Very common. (Plate XI. figs. 237-239.)

=Erysiphe Montagnei=, Lév. BURDOCK BLIGHT; amphigenous or hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, evanescent; conceptacles minute, globose, gregarious or scattered; appendages distinct from the mycelium; sporangia 8, ovate, rostrate, with 2-3 spores.—On leaves of Burdock. Not uncommon.

=Erysiphe tortilis=, Lk. CORNEL BLIGHT; hypophyllous; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent; conceptacles minute, globose; appendages ten times as long, free from the mycelium, flexuose; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, with 4 spores.—On leaves of the common Dogwood. Autumn. Frequent. (Plate XII. figs. 245, 246.)

=Erysiphe communis=, Schl. BUTTERCUP BLIGHT; hypophyllous; mycelium effuse, web-like, evanescent or persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered or gregarious; appendages short; sporangia 4-8, ovate, rostrate, with 4-8 spores.—On leaves of various _Ranunculaceæ_, _Leguminosæ_, and other plants. Autumn. Very common. (Plate XI. figs. 240-242.)

CHÆTOMIUM, _Kze._

Perithecium thin, brittle, mouthless; sporangia linear, containing
dark lemon-shaped spores. _Berk. Outl._, p. 405.

=Chætomium elatum=, Kze. STRAW-BRISTLE MOULD; perithecium sub-ovate, base radiato-fibrose, hairs of the vertex very long, interwoven, branched; spores broadly elliptic, apiculate at either end.—On mouldering straw, reeds, matting, &c. Very common. (Plate XII. figs. 257-259.)

=Chætomium chartarum=, Ehb. PAPER-BRISTLE MOULD; perithecium subglobose, black, surrounded by a bright yellow spot; spores subglobose.—On paper. Stibbington, Hants. Rare. (Plate XII. figs. 252, 253.)

=Chætomium glabrum=, B. This species has never been described. It was recorded, by name only, in Berkeley’s Outlines, and, the specimens being mislaid, that gentleman is unable to describe it completely and correctly. “It grew abundantly on straw, and differed from _Chætomium elatum_ in being perfectly free from hairs.”—(_M. J. B._)—On damp straw.

ASCOTRICHA, _Berk._

Perithecium thin, free, mouthless, seated on loose, branched,
conidiiferous threads; sporangia linear, containing dark
elliptic spores.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 405.

=Ascotricha chartarum=, B. PAPER MILDEW; perithecium thin, olive-brown, seated on radiating flocci; sporangia linear, numerous; spores broadly elliptic, chocolate-coloured.—On white printed paper in a deal candle-box. King’s Cliffe. (Plate XII. figs. 254-256.)

EUROTIUM, _Link._

Perithecia reticulated, vesicular, coloured, attached to mucedinous
threads; sporangia delicate.—_Berk. Outl._, p. 405.

=Eurotium herbariorum=, Lk. HERBARIUM MOULD; perithecium spherical, sub-depressed, yellow, seated upon radiating expanded, branched, intricate flocci.—On plants in herbaria, and various decaying substances. Very common. (Plate XII. figs. 260, 261.)

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