Chapter XIII

1. Ammotragus lervia angusi, subsp. n.
2. Gazella dama damergouensis, subsp. n.
3. Gazella dorcas dorcas.
4. Oryx algazel algazel
5. Addax nasomaculatus.
6. Phacochœrus æthiopicus africanus.
7. Papio nigeriæ.
8. Pipistrellus kuhli
9. Scoteinus schlieffeni.
10. Rhinopoma cystops.
11. Paraechinus deserti.
12. Felis haussa, sp. n.
13. Felis margarita. (Rediscovered after 65 years.)
14. Genetta dongolana.
15. Caracal caracal pœcilotis, subsp. n.
16. Herpestes phœnicurus Saharæ, subsp. n.
17. Hyæna hyæna.
18. Canis riparius.
19. Vulpes pallida harterti, subsp. n.
20. Vulpes rüppelli cæsia, subsp. n.
21. Fennecus zerda.
22. Mellivora buchanani, sp. n.
23. Euxerus erythropus agadius, subsp. n.
24. Claviglis olga, sp. n.
25. Gerbillus pyramidum.
26. Gerbillus gerbillus (group).
27. Dipodillus campestris.
28. Dipodillus garamantis.
29. Desmodilliscus buchanani, sp. n.
30. Meriones schousbœi tuareg, subsp. n.
31. Meriones libycus caudatus.
32. Psammomys algiricus.
33. Mastomys, sp.
34. Acomys airensis, sp. n.
35. Acomys johannis.
36. Arvicanthis testicularis solatus, subsp. n.
37. Jaculus jaculus airensis, subsp. n.
38. Hystrix ærula, sp. n.
39. Massoutiera rothschildi, sp. n.
40. Lepus canopus, sp. n.
41. Procavia buchanani, sp. n.
42. Orycteropus ater.

ADDITIONAL ANIMAL LIFE FROM THE WESTERN SUDAN

43. Damaliscus korrigum.
44. Gazella rufifrons hasleri
45. Hipposideros caffer tephrus.
46. Epomophorus anurus.
47. Nycteris thebaica.
48. Atelerix spiculus.
49. Crocidura manni.
50. Ichneumia albicauda.
51. Canis anthus.
52. Vulpes pallida edwardsi
53. Pœcilictis rothschildi, sp. n.
54. Ictonyx senegalensis.
55. Euxerus erythropus chadensis.
56. Taterillus gracilis angelus, subsp. n.
57. Gerbillus nigeriæ, sp. n.
58. Steatomys cuppedius, sp. n.
59. Cricetomys gambiannus oliviæ.
60. Cricetomys buchanani, sp. n.
61. Leggada haussa, sp. n.
62. Lemniscomys olga, sp. n.
63. Arvicanthis testicularis.
64. Hystrix senegalica.

INDEX

A
Abandoned villages, 57, 67
Accumulating sand, 65
Agades, 67
Ahaggar Mountains, 60
Ahaggar, Tuaregs of, 140
Aïr Mountains, 60
Algiers, 264
Ali in London, 281
Alifa, 138
Alleys, a maze of, 99
Altitudes, 60
Amud, 138
Amusing native stories, 279
An accident, 42
An explanation, 29
Animals of the Sahara, 237
Anxieties of travel, 16
Area of Sahara, 48
Areas, pre-Saharan, 52
Arui, 246
Awe-inspiring immensity, 51
Awful heat, 24, 81
Azawaren natives, 122

B
Bad men hide, where, 107
Band, a hardened, 22
Barbary sheep, 246
Barbarism, to reclaim from, 273
Barren country, 59
Bartering salt, 127
Begging, 149
Berbers, Tuareg relation to, 131
Bezzou dies, 175
Big game, 238
Bilma, journey to, 77, 82
Bilma oasis, 113
Bird folklore, 221, 227
Bird life boundaries, 53
Birds of the Sahara, 217, 230
Biskra and the Sahara, 50
Brigandage, influence of, 139
Broken loads, 78
Buying equipment, 6

C
Camel, a riding, 39
Camel bought, 37
Camel dies, 23
Camel, early life of, 34
Camel-food, 74, 76
Camel friendship, 41
Camel-men, 11
Camel names, 21
Camels, a massed camp of, 80
Camels, hungry, 87
Camels, loading, 12
Camels—men—food—water, 15
Camels, number of, 20
Camels pay heavy price, 22, 258
Camels, sick, 15, 25, 209
Camels, thousands of, 72, 77, 83
Camp and rest, 27, 87
Camp-fires, 199
Caravan routes, old, 66
Change, geographic, 52
Character of northern natives, 140
Cheerful spirits, 17
Chibikee, 138
Civilisation, influence of, 140
Clouds, 64
Cold, 88
Collections, first Saharan, 53, 218, 230, 253
Contest for existence, 16
Country pitiless, 22
Cracked feet, 90
Cultivation in oases, 187
Cunning defence, 101

D
Dancers, a guild of, 193
Dangers of the trail, 137
Dawn, 17
Day closes, 26
Death of Feri N’Gashi, 44, 262
Decadence, 195
Decay of Sahara, 55, 64, 67
Decline of natives, 57, 162
Defence, cunning, 101
Den of forty thieves, 103
Departure, port of, 8
Depressed spirits, 163, 209
Desert, dread of the, 50, 287
Desert equipment, 72
Desert oases, 187
Desert of terrifying desolation, 81
Desert, the toll of the, 23
Desert, true, 59
Detail, importance of, 7
Diarabba, the, 193
Disappearing wild life, 56
Discovery of new species, 240
Distance travelled, 29, 261
Dividing line, the, 53
Dream, a strange, 214
Dreams materialise, 5
Dress of Tuaregs, 85, 146
Dromard, Lieutenant, 114
Dunes, 59

E
Eastern sadness, 23
Efali, 88, 92
Encroaching sand, 51
Endless sea of sand, 17
Enemies, among, 167
Enemies, feudal, 141
Environment of a desert camp, 153
Equipment, buying, 6
Equipment for the desert, 72
Equipment, saddle, 13
Exhaustion, 89, 208, 258
Expedition’s natives, 20, 258
Explored, new ground, 29

F
Fachi fort, 102
Fachi oasis, 82, 95
Fatigue, 26, 208
Fawna, 138
Feri N’Gashi, 21, 33, 40, 262
Feudal enemies, 141
Flies, 146
Flood, 204
Food and manners, 147
Food, camels’, 74, 76
Food desired, 259
Footsore, 90
Fuel, scarcity of, 191

G
Game on the move, 243
Gazelle and antelope, 239
Geographic change, 52
Giants, a legend of, 115
Giraffe, 53, 56
Glover, T. A., 8, 258
Grave journey begun, a, 161
Gravel plains, 59
Great trek starts, a, 79
Grim fortifications, 97
Guide, Bilma, 88, 92
Guild of Dancers, 193

H
Hamid of Timmersu, 84
Heat in the Sahara, 20, 24, 81
Highway for raiders, 95
History, legendary, 115
History of Bilma, 117
Home, 265
Homes in the wilderness, 143
Hungry camels, 87

I
Immensity, awe-inspiring, 51
Importance of detail, 7
Important influences, 51
Influence of brigandage, 139

J
Journey begun, a grave, 161
Journey to Bilma, 77

K
Kahena, 158, 171
Katsina, 36
Kowar depression, 95, 115

L
Landing, port of, 8
Land of antiquity, 50
Legendary history, 115
Legend surrounding skeletons, 182
Life of a camel, 33
Lion, 53, 56
Loading camels in dark, 12
Loads broken, 78

M
Malaria, 147, 187
Manners, 147
Map, 46
March begun, 14
Massacre, a, 117
Masters of the sword, 133
Men and beasts suffer, 89
Men sick, 16, 258
Memorable nights, 86
Migrants, bird, 226
Milk a staple food, 147
Mohammedan prayer, 18
Mountains, remarkable, 60
Museum’s support, 5
Museum, Tring, 58

N
Names of camels, 21
Natives, 63, 67, 84, 122
Natives, decline of, 57, 162
Natives with expedition, 20
Natron, 119
Nature of the Sahara, 59
New ground explored, 29
New species discovered, 240
Night, 26
Night camp, a, 87
Nomad possessions, 145

O
Oases, desert, 187
Oasis fortified, 96
Oasis of Bilma, 82, 113
Oasis of Fachi, 82, 95
Old traveller, 88
Oppressed by raids, 118
Origin of Tuaregs, 150
Oryx, white, 245
Ostrich, 53, 56
Ouargla, 259
Outlawry, 134, 138, 157

P
Pasturage, 63
Physical nature of Sahara, 59
Pidgin-English, 277
Pigeons, flocks of, 224
Pioneer, a, 4
Pitiless country, 22
Pitiless sun, 24, 81, 208
Plains of gravel, 59
Plan, bewildering, 99
Population declining, 57
Population, interior Sahara, 67
Port of departure, 8
Port of destination, 264
Prayer, Mohammedan, 18
Pre-Saharan areas, 51
Prolific salt-pits, 119
Prolonged strain, 91

R
Race, a strange, 123
Raid, a, 157
Raider, a, 133
Raiders, 96, 118, 123, 134, 138, 213
Rain, 147, 201, 241
Rainfall, 63
Rail-head in Algeria, 261
Rali, 157
Religion, 18, 51, 150, 154, 194
Rest and camp, 27
Revival unlikely, 65
Rhamadan, 154
Riding saddle, 13
Rifles replacing swords, 137
Rising of 1916, 136
Robbers’ camp, the, 165
Rock disintegration, 65
Rock drawings, 211
Rodd, Francis, 8
Rogue, a, 106
Routes, old caravan, 66
Ruse, a, 173

S
Saddling up takes time, 13
Sadness, eastern, 23, 153
Sahara from Biskra, 50
Sahara map, 46
Saharan collections, first, 53
Saharan areas, pre-, 52
Sahara, physical nature of, 59
Sahara’s decay, 55, 57, 64, 195
Sahara’s life, key to, 194
Sahara’s population, 67
Sahara, vastness of, 48
Sakari in London, 281
Salt as currency, 111, 127
Salt, method of working, 120, 125
Sand, discomfort of 145, 192
Sand-dunes, 59
Sand encroaching, 51, 65, 192
Sandstorm, 206
Sea of Sand, 17
Sedentary people, 185
Seeking Kahena, 171
Siege jars, 103
Slave caravans, 66
Slaves, Tuareg, 142, 185
Social fabric of Sahara, 189
Speed of camel travel, 82
Spirits, depressed, 163, 209
Stars, 86, 257
Start, time of, 6
Storms, 202, 206, 241
Strain, prolonged, 91
Strange natives, 122
Strategy, 169
Sun-glare, 89
Sun, pitiless, 24, 81, 208
Sun, the rising, 18

T
Taralum, the, 71
Tassili, 59, 220
Terrifying desolation, 81
Thousands of camels, 72, 77, 83
Tigguida n’Tisem, 121
Time of start, 6
Tobacco, craving for, 148, 264
Toilers, the, 191
Toll of the desert, 23
Touggourt, 261
Tracking, skilful, 159
Tragic decay, 67
Travel, formation of, 83
Travel, reason for, 199
Trek starts, a great, 79
Tribal names, 141
Tribes, 63, 67, 115, 122, 131, 140, 191
Tring Museum, 53
Tropical boundary, 53, 54
Tuareg dress, 85, 146
Tuareg encampments, 143, 145
Tuareg features, 151
Tuaregs, 63, 67, 84, 131, 140
Tuaregs idle, 164
Tuareg slaves, 142, 185
Tuareg villages, 189
Tuareg women, 146

V
Vastness of Sahara, 48
Veil, the people of the, 131
Villages abandoned, 57, 67
Villages, Tuareg, 189
Vultures, 225

W
War-wise people, 131
Water, 63, 144, 205, 210, 223
Well, an old, 57
White Feather, 21, 40
Wilderness homes, 143
Wild life, 217, 237
Wild life disappearing, 56
Wind, 81, 145
Wizard, the, 105
Women, Tuareg, 146

Y
Yofa, 158, 177

Z
Zoological boundary, 5
Zoological purpose, 53
Zoological collections, 217

ERRATA

p. 41, line 2 up: for “to great count” read “too great to count.”

p. 72, line 11: for “thes pectacle” read “the spectacle.”

p. 178, line 7 up: for “spas” read “pass.”

p. 286, line 18 up: for “[forward to much,]” read “[forward] too much.”

THE AUTHOR OF THIS BOOK,
Captain ANGUS BUCHANAN, M.C., F.R.S.G.S.

has written three other books in which those
who have enjoyed ‘Sahara’ will be interested.

EXPLORATION OF AÏR
--OUT OF THE WORLD NORTH
OF NIGERIA--

With Numerous Photographs by
the Author and a Map. --16s.-- net.

‘This graphic record of his travel and adventures will interest a public far larger than the purely scientific one anxious to learn of new discoveries.’—_The Times._

‘Mr. Buchanan’s style is vivid and his narrative racy; he touches but lightly on the hardships he had to endure in this arid section of the African continent.’—_Nature._

‘Captain Buchanan is one of those travellers who can write, and he has produced a capital book about his experiences, illustrated by a number of good photographs.’—_The Outlook._

‘This is one of the best traveller’s books which has been published lately. It derives its interest both from the places through which Captain Buchanan travelled, and from the way in which he describes them. He has the gift of a perfectly individual and natural style, which allows him to draw vivid pictures of men, animals, and scenery.’—_New Statesman._

‘Captain Angus Buchanan, M.C., describes the country of the Tuaregs with charm and clarity, and illustrates the book with his own photographs.’—_The Graphic._

‘The book before us contains a great deal of information, put forward with remarkable clearness. . . . The descriptions of the appearance and habits of these various animals is always vividly put. . . . The whole narrative is “alive,” in addition to being, as has been said, a valuable contribution to geography, ethnology, and natural history.’—_The Shooting Times._

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* * * * *

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON, W.I

--By Captain Angus Buchanan, M.C., F.R.S.G.S.--

--WILD LIFE IN CANADA--

Numerous Photographs by the Author.
SECOND IMPRESSION. --15s.-- net.

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--THREE YEARS OF WAR IN
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* * * * *

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON, W.I

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: Month.]

[Footnote 2: Hyenas.]

[Footnote 3: Hausa for “lion.”]

[Footnote 4: Branded.]

[Footnote 5: It is possible, even probable, that, to some extent, better conditions of vegetation and rain prevailed, at one time, throughout the whole Sahara.]

[Footnote 6: Tamascheq: The Tuareg Language.]

[Footnote 7: _Out of the World North of Nigeria_, p. 167.]

[Footnote 8: All the above plants are named in Tamascheq—the Tuareg language.]

[Footnote 9: They are a recognised white race, akin to some of the oldest European stocks.]

[Footnote 10: When at leisure the Tuareg wears his gown to the ankles.]

[Footnote 11: An extremely interesting geographical observation, for no watercourse exists along that line to-day; which suggests further evidence of physical change and decay in the Sahara.]

[Footnote 12: Another observation of particular interest. Wells, at places, are all that remain along that line of territory at the present time.]

[Footnote 13: The natron is found at Arrighi, about ten hours’ journey north of Bilma.]

[Footnote 14: Usually each camel carries away four cones; the maximum load is six cones.]

[Footnote 15: I have, so far, failed to elucidate their origin to my entire satisfaction.]

[Footnote 16: Raid described in _Out of the World North of Nigeria_.]

[Footnote 17: There are times when fuel is one of the most important items that a caravan must carry.]

[Footnote 18: Some time later there was a raid some distance away, and my Tuaregs swore that our brief visitors were concerned in it; but by that time we were too far off for me to make sure that there was a definite reason for connecting the two occurrences.]

[Footnote 19: For scientific names of all species see Appendix I. M. signifies migrant. B. signifies new subspecies.]

[Footnote 20: For scientific names of all species see Appendix II. (A) signifies New Species. (B) signifies New Subspecies.]

[Footnote 21: This death is referred to in Chapter III.]

Transcriber's note:

pg 293 Changed: Musicapa albicollis to: Muscicapa

pg 294 Changed: Falco biarmicus abssinicus to: abyssinicus

The changes suggested in the Errata have been made

Errata moved from pg 3 to: after Index

Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged

Italicized, bold and underlined text indicated with '_' and '--' and '~', respectively