Chapter XI: Part 11

Simone Martini: _Burial of Christ_

Masaccio: _Birth Platter_

Masaccio: _Three Predelle_

Masaccio: _Four Saints_

Quentin Massys: _The Magdalene_

Master of the Darmstadt Passion: _Altar Wings_

Master of Flémalle: _Crucifixion_

Master of Flémalle: _Portrait of a Man_

Master of the Virgo inter Virgines: _Adoration of the Kings_

Hans Memling: _Madonna Enthroned with Angels_

Hans Memling: _Madonna Enthroned_

Hans Memling: _Madonna and Child_

Lippo Memmi: _Madonna and Child_

Antonello da Messina: _Portrait of a Man_

Jan Mostaert: _Portrait of a Man_

Aelbert Ouwater: _Raising of Lazarus_

Palma Vecchio: _Portrait of a Man_

Palma Vecchio: _Young Woman_

Giovanni Paolo Pannini: _Colosseum_.

Giovanni di Paolo: _Christ on the Cross_

Giovanni di Paolo: _Legend of St. Clara_

Joachim Patinir: _Rest on the Flight into Egypt_

Sebastiano del Piombo: _Roman Matron_

Sebastiano del Piombo: _Knight of the Order of St. James_

Antonio Pollaiuolo: _David_

Nicolas Poussin: _St. Matthew_

Nicolas Poussin: _Amaltea_

Raphael: _Madonna Diotalevi_

Raphael: _Madonna Terranova_

Raphael: _Solly Madonna_

Rembrandt: _Landscape with Bridge_

Rembrandt: _John the Baptist_

Rembrandt: _Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife_

Rembrandt: _Vision of Daniel_

Rembrandt: _Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law_

Rembrandt: _Susanna and the Elders_

Rembrandt: _Tobias and the Angel_

Rembrandt: _Minerva_

Rembrandt: _Rape of Proserpina_

Rembrandt: _Self Portrait_

Rembrandt: _Hendrickje Stoffels_

Rembrandt: _Man with Gold Helmet_

Rembrandt: _Old Man with Red Hat_

Rembrandt: _Rabbi_

Rembrandt: _Saskia_

Rubens: _Landscape (shipwreck of Aeneas)_

Rubens: _St. Cecilia_

Rubens: _Madonna Enthroned with Saints_

Rubens: _Andromeda_

Rubens: _Perseus and Andromeda_

Rubens: _Isabella Brandt_

Jacob van Ruysdael: _View of Haarlem_

Andrea Sacchi(?): _Allesandro del Boro_

Sassetta: _Legend of St. Francis_

Sassetta: _Mass of St. Francis_

Martin Schongauer: _Nativity_

Seghers: _Landscape_

Luca Signorelli: _Three Saints_ (altar wing)

Luca Signorelli: _Three Saints_ (altar wing)

Luca Signorelli: _Portrait of a Man_

Francesco Squarcione: _Madonna and Child_

Jan Steen: _Inn Garden_

Jan Steen: _The Christening_

Bernardo Strozzi: _Judith_

Gerard Terborch: _The Concert_

Gerard Terborch: _Paternal Advice_

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: _Carrying of the Cross_

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: _St. Agatha_

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: _Rinaldo and Armida_

Tintoretto: _Doge Mocenigo_

Tintoretto: _Old Man_

Titian: _Venus with Organ Player_

Titian: _Self Portrait_

Titian: _Lavinia_

Titian: _Portrait of a Young Man_

Titian: _Child of the Strozzi Family_

Cosma Tura: _St. Christopher_

Cosma Tura: _St. Sebastian_

Adriaen van der Velde: _The Farm_

Roger Van der Weyden: _Altar with Scenes from the Life of Mary_

Roger Van der Weyden: _Johannes-alter Altar with Scenes from the Life of John the Baptist_

Roger Van der Weyden: _Bladelin Altar_

Roger Van der Weyden: _Portrait of a Woman_

Roger Van der Weyden: _Charles the Bold_

Jan Van Eyck: _Crucifixion_

Jan Van Eyck: _Madonna in the Church_

Jan Van Eyck: _Giovanni Arnolfini_

Jan Van Eyck: _Man with a Pink_

Jan Van Eyck: _Knight of the Golden Fleece_

Lucas van Leyden: _Chess Players_

Lucas van Leyden: _Madonna and Child_

Velásquez: _Countess Olivares_

Domenico Veneziano: _Adoration of the Kings_

Domenico Veneziano: _Martyrdom of St. Lucy_

Domenico Veneziano: _Portrait of a Young Woman_

Vermeer: _Young Woman with a Pearl Necklace_

Vermeer: _Man and Woman Drinking Wine_

Andrea del Verrocchio: _Madonna and Child_

Andrea del Verrocchio: _Madonna and Child_

Watteau: _Fête Champêtre_

Watteau: _French Comedians_

Watteau: _Italian Comedians_

Westphalian Master (ca. 1250): _Triptych_

Konrad Witz: _Crucifixion_

Konrad Witz: _Allegory of Redemption_

On January 15, 1946, Mr. Rensselaer W. Lee, President of the College Art Association of America, sent the following letter to the Secretary of State:

My dear Mr. Secretary:

The members of the College Art Association of America,
a constituent member of the American Council of Learned
Societies, have been disturbed by the removal to this country
of works of art from Berlin museums.

Information that we have received from abroad leads us to
believe that the integrity of United States policy has been
questioned as a result of this action. We have also been
informed that adequate facilities and American personnel now
exist in the American zone in Germany to assure the proper care
of art treasures in that area.

We would therefore urge that the department of State clarify
this action, and would strongly recommend that assurances be
given that no further shipments are contemplated.

Copies of this letter were sent to members of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas.

The State Department replied on January 25:

My Dear Mr. Lee:

Your letter of January 15, urging the Department to clarify the
action taken in removing to the United States certain works of
art from German museums, has been received. In the absence of
the Secretary, I am replying to your letter and am glad to give
you additional information on this question.

The decision to remove these works of art to this country
was made on the basis of a statement by General Clay that he
did not have adequate facilities and personnel to safeguard
German art treasures and that he could not undertake the
responsibility of their proper care.

You indicated in your letter that you have been informed that
adequate facilities and personnel now exist in the American
zone for the protection of these art treasures. I must
inform you that our information, based upon three separate
investigations, is precisely to the contrary. The redeployment
program has, as you no doubt realize, reduced American
personnel in Germany and this reduction is applied to arts and
monuments and this personnel as well as to other branches.

The coal situation in Germany is critical and has made it
impossible to provide heat for the museums. General Clay cannot
be expected to provide heat for the museums if that means
taking it away from American forces, from hospitals, or from
essential utility needs.

We are furthermore advised that the security situation was not
such as to ensure adequate protection in Germany. In short, the
Department’s information is such that it cannot agree with your
premise.

It was realized that the “integrity of United States policy”
might be questioned by some if these works of art were removed
to this country. After a careful review of the facts, it was
decided that the most important aspect was to safeguard these
priceless treasures by bringing them to this country where they
could be properly cared for. It was hoped that the President’s
pledge that they would be returned to Germany would satisfy
those who might be critical of this Government’s motives.

Sincerely yours,

For the Acting Secretary of State:
James W. Riddleberger
Chief, Division of
Central European Affairs[6]

In April the author of this book received from Frederick Mortimer Clapp, director of the Frick Collection, New York, the following letter regarding the removal of German-owned works of art to this country. A copy of the resolution which accompanied this letter and a list of those who subsequently signed the resolution are also printed below.

1 East 70th Street
New York 21, New York
April 24, 1946

Dear

Since we believe that it is impossible to defend on technical,
political or moral grounds the decision to ship to this country
two hundred internationally known and extremely valuable
pictures belonging indisputably, by prewar gift or purchase,
to German institutions, notably the Kaiser Friedrich Museum of
Berlin, we propose to memorialize the President in a resolution
to be signed by a group of like-minded people interested in or
associated with the arts.

We also intend to point out that no reason can be found for
even temporarily alienating these works of art from the country
to which legally they belong.

We represent no organized movement or institution. We merely
wish as American citizens to go on record by appealing to our
government to set right an ill considered action arising from
an error of judgment which, however disinterested in intention,
has already done much to weaken our national condemnation of
German sequestrations of the artistic heritage or possessions
of other nations under the subterfuge of “protective custody,”
or openly as loot.

The moral foundations of our war effort and final victories
will be subtly undermined if we, who understand the
implications, pass over in silence an action taken by our
own officials that, in outward appearance at least cannot be
distinguished from those, detestable to all right thinking
people, which the Nazis’ policy of pillage inspired and
condoned.

The Monuments Officers attached to our armed forces with
their specialized knowledge of the practical risks involved
unanimously condemned the decision. Those Americans whose
profession it is to study and preserve old paintings deplore
it. On ethical grounds it is disapproved by the opinion of
enlightened laymen.

We therefore consider the protest we will make to be our plain
and simple duty, for it is our considered judgment that no
explanation or excuse acceptable to the public conscience can
be found for sending fragile old masters across the sea to this
country. The physical hazards, the momentous responsibilities
and the intellectual ambiguities inherent in such an act are
only too grossly evident. The historical repercussions that
will follow it can be imagined in the light of past situations
of a similar kind. It is well known that the Nazis inculcated
in the German mind a fanatical belief that we are destructive
barbarians. All future deterioration of these pictures will
now, rightly or wrongly, be laid at our door.

We should be glad if you would care to join us and others, who
have already expressed to us their sense of the unjustified
impropriety of the action to which we refer in demanding the
immediate return to Germany of these panels and canvasses,
the cancellation of all plans to exhibit them in this country
and the countermanding at once of any contemplated further
shipments.

The text of the proposed resolution is enclosed. As one of the
principal reasons for submitting it to our government is to
forestall further action of a similar kind with reference to
pictures or objects of art belonging to German museums, as well
as to rectify the existing situation, may I earnestly request
you to signify your approval, if you are so minded, by signing
the resolution and returning it to me before May 6.

Sincerely yours,

Signed: FREDERICK MORTIMER CLAPP.

On May 9, 1946, Dr. Clapp and Mrs. Juliana Force, director of the Whitney Museum, sent President Truman the following resolution, a copy of which was enclosed with the above letter:

RESOLUTION

WHEREAS in all civilized countries one of the most significant
public reactions during the recent war was the horrified
indignation caused by the surreptitious or brazen looting
of works of art by German officials in countries they had
conquered;

AND WHEREAS that indignation and abhorrence on the part of free
peoples was a powerful ingredient in the ardor and unanimity
of their support of the war effort of democratically governed
states in which the private opinions of citizens are the source
and controlling directive of official action;

AND WHEREAS two hundred important and valuable pictures
belonging to the Kaiser Friedrich and other Berlin museums have
been removed from Germany and sent to this country on the still
unestablished ground of ensuring their safety;

AND WHEREAS it is apparent that disinterested and intelligent
people believe that this action cannot be justified on
technical, political or moral grounds and that many, including
the Germans themselves, may find it hard to distinguish between
the resultant situation and the “protective custody” used by
the Nazis as a camouflage for the sequestration of the artistic
treasures of other countries;

BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that we, the undersigned, respectfully
request the President to order the immediate safe return to
Germany of the aforesaid paintings, the cancellation of any
plans that may have been made to exhibit them in this country
and the countermanding without delay of any further shipments
of the kind that may have been contemplated.

This resolution was signed by:

Abbott, Jere
Director
Smith College Museum of Art
Northampton, Mass.

Abbott, John E.
Executive Vice-President
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N.Y.

Adams, Philip R.
Director
Cincinnati Museum
Cincinnati, Ohio

Barber, Professor Leila
Vassar College
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Baker, C. H. Collins
Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery
San Marino, Calif.

Barr, Alfred H.
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N. Y.

Barzun, Jacques
History Department
Columbia University
New York, N. Y.

Baur, John I. H.
Curator of Painting
Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Biebel, Franklin
Assistant to Director
Frick Collection
New York, N.Y.

Breeskin, Mrs. Adelyn
Acting Director
Baltimore Museum of Art
Baltimore, Md.

Burdell, Dr. Edwin S.
Director
The Cooper Union
New York, N. Y.

Chase, Elizabeth
Editor “Bulletin”
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Claflin, Professor Agnes Rindge
Vassar College
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Clapp, Frederick Mortimer
Director
Frick Collection
New York, N. Y.

Cole, Grover
Instructor in Ceramics
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Cook, Walter W. S.
Chairman
Institute of Fine Arts
New York University, N. Y.

Courier, Miss Elodie
Dir. of Circulating Exhibitions
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N. Y.

Crosby, Dr. Sumner
Assistant Professor, History of Art
Yale University
New Haven, Conn.

Cunningham, Charles C.
Director
Wadsworth Atheneum
Hartford, Conn.

Dawson, John P.
Professor of Law
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Faisan, Professor Lane, Jr.
Williams College
Williamstown, Mass.

Faunce, Wayne M.
Vice-Director
American Museum of Natural History
New York, N. Y.

Fisher, H. H.
Hoover Library
Stanford University
Palo Alto, Calif.

Force, Mrs. Juliana
Director
Whitney Museum of American Art
New York, N. Y.

Goodrich, Lloyd
Research Curator
Whitney Museum of American Art
New York, N. Y.

Gores, Walter J.
Professor and Chairman of Design
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Haight, Mary N.
Assistant Curator of Ancient Art
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Hamilton, George Heard
Curator of Paintings
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Hamlin, Talbot F.
Librarian, Avery Architectural Library
Columbia University
New York, N.Y.

Hammett, Ralph W.
Professor of Architecture
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Hancock, Walter
Director of Sculpture
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Philadelphia, Pa.

Hayes, Bartlett H., Jr.
Director
Addison Gallery of American Art
Andover, Mass.

Hebran, Jean
Professor of Architecture
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Helm, Miss Florence
Old Merchant’s House
New York, N. Y.

Howe, Thomas Carr, Jr.
Director
California Palace of the Legion of Honor
San Francisco, Calif.

Hudnut, Joseph
Dean
Graduate School of Architecture
Harvard University
Cambridge, Mass.

Hume, Samuel J.
Director
Berkeley Art Association
Berkeley, Calif.

Ivins, William M., Jr.
Counselor and Curator of Prints
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York, N.Y.

Janson, H. W.
Assistant Professor
Department of Art and Archaeology
Washington University
St. Louis, Mo.

Jewell, Henry A.
Department of Art and Archaeology
Princeton University
Princeton, N. J.

Kaufmann, Edgar
Curator of Industrial Art
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N.Y.

Keck, Sheldon
Restorer
The Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kirby, John C.
Assistant Administrator
Walters Gallery
Baltimore, Md.

Kirstein, Lincoln
New York, N. Y.

Kubler, Professor George
Yale University
New Haven, Conn.

Lee, Rensselaer W.
Princeton, N. J.

Marceau, Henri
Assistant Director
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Philadelphia, Pa.

Mcllhenny, Henry
Curator of Decorative Arts
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Philadelphia, Pa.

McMahon, A. Philip
Chairman
Fine Arts Department
Washington Square College
New York University
New York, N. Y.

Meeks, Everett V.
Dean
Yale School of the Fine Arts
New Haven, Conn.

Meiss, Millard
Professor
Columbia University
New York, N. Y.

Miner, Miss Dorothy E.
Librarian
Walters Gallery
Baltimore, Md.

More, Hermon
Curator
Whitney Museum of American Art
New York, N. Y.

Morley, Dr. Grace McCann
Director
San Francisco Museum of Art
San Francisco, Calif.

Morse, John D.
Editor
Magazine of Art
New York, N. Y.

Myer, John Walden
Assistant Director
Museum of the City of New York
New York, N. Y.

Myers, George Hewitt
President
Textile Museum of the District of Columbia
Washington, D. C.

Nagel, Charles, Jr.
Director
The Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn, N. Y.

O’Connor, John, Jr.
Assistant Director
Carnegie Institute
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Packard, Miss Elizabeth G.
Walters Gallery
Baltimore, Md.

Parker, Thomas C.
Director
American Federation of Arts
Washington, D. C.

Peat, Wilbur D.
Director
John Herron Art Institute
Indianapolis, Ind.

Phillips, John Marshall
Assistant Director and Curator of the Garvan Collections
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Poland, Reginald
Director
Fine Arts Society of San Diego
San Diego, Calif.

Porter, Allen
Secretary
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N. Y.

Porter, Vernon
Director
Riverside Museum
New York, N. Y.

Post, Chandler
Fogg Museum of Art
Harvard University
Cambridge, Mass.

Rathbone, Perry T.
Director
City Art Museum of St. Louis
St. Louis, Mo.

Reed, Henry Hope
New York, N. Y.

Rich, Daniel Catton
Director
The Art Institute of Chicago
Chicago, Ill.

Riefstahl, Mrs. Elizabeth
Librarian
Wilbour Egyptological Library
The Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ritchie, Andrew C.
Director
Albright Art Gallery
Buffalo, N. Y.

Robinson, Professor David M.
Department of Art and Archaeology
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Md.

Ross, Marvin Chauncey
Curator of Medieval Art
Walters Gallery
Baltimore, Md.

Rowe, Margaret T. J.
Curator
Hobart Moore Memorial Collection
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Saint-Gaudens, Homer
Director
Carnegie Institute
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Scholle, Hardinge
Director
Museum of the City of New York
New York, N.Y.

Setze, Josephine
Assistant Curator of American Art
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Sexton, Eric
Camden, Me.

Shelley, Donald A.
Curator of Paintings
New York Historical Society
New York, N. Y.

Sizer, Theodore
Director
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Slusser, Jean Paul
Professor of Painting and Drawing
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Smith, Professor E. Baldwin
Department of Art and Archaeology
Princeton University
Princeton, N. J.

Soby, James Thrall
New York, N. Y.

Spinden, Dr. Herbert J.
Curator
Indian Art and Primitive Cultures
The Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Sweeney, James Johnson
Director
Department of Painting and Sculpture
The Museum of Modern Art
New York, N. Y.

Sweet, Frederick
Associate Curator, Painting and Sculpture
The Art Institute of Chicago
Chicago, Ill.

Tee Van, John
Department of Tropical Research and Special Events
New York Zoological Park
Bronx, N. Y.

Vail, R. W. G.
Director
New York Historical Society
New York, N. Y.

Walker, Hudson D.
President
American Federation of Arts
New York, N.Y.

Wall, Alexander J.
New York Historical Society
New York, N. Y.

Washburn, Gordon
Director
Museum of Art
Rhode Island School of Design
Providence, R. I.

Weissman, Miss Polaire
Museum of Costume Art
New York, N. Y.

Wissler, Dr. Clark
American Museum of Natural History
New York, N. Y.

Wind, Edgar
Smith College
Northampton, Mass.

York, Lewis E.
Chairman
Department of Painting
Yale University Art Gallery
New Haven, Conn.

Zigrosser, Carl
Curator of Prints and Drawings
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Philadelphia, Pa.

Stoddard, Whitney S.
Assistant Professor of History and Art
Williams College
Williamstown, Mass.

Dr. Clapp and Mrs. Force subsequently announced that they had received eight additional signatures which arrived too late to be affixed to the original copy of the resolution. They included: Frances A. Comstock, Donald Drew Egbert, Henry A. Judd, Sherley W. Morgan, Richard Stillwell—all of Princeton University; Robert Tyler Davis, Portland Museum, Portland, Maine; Frederick Hartt, Acting Director, Smith College Museum of Art; and George Rowley, Princeton Museum of Historic Art.

STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION AND
SALVAGE OF ARTISTIC AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS IN WAR AREAS,
OWEN J. ROBERTS, CHAIRMAN.

National Gallery of Art, Washington 25, D. C.

WASHINGTON, May 14, 1946: The members of the Commission have
received copies of a resolution signed by Dr. Frederick M.
Clapp, Director of the Frick Collection; Mrs. Juliana Force,
Director of the Whitney Museum of American Art, and others
who criticize the action of the United States Government,
taken at the Direction of the President and the United States
Army Command in Germany, in bringing to this country certain
paintings from German museums for safekeeping until conditions
in Germany warrant their return. The Clapp resolution compares
the action taken by the United States Government to looting
operations carried on by the Nazis during the war.

The Commission has also noted the statements issued by the
White House on September 26, 1945, and by the War Department
on December 6, 1945, that the works of art of bona fide
German ownership, which may be brought to this country for
safekeeping, will be kept in trust for the German people and
will be returned to Germany when conditions there warrant.

The Commission has also noted the statement issued by the
late Chief Justice Stone, Chairman of the Board of Trustees
of the National Gallery of Art, on December 14, 1945, that
the Trustees of the National Gallery, at the request of the
Secretary of State, had agreed to arrange for the storage space
for such paintings as might be brought to this country by
the United States Army for safekeeping, and that he felt the
Army “deserved the highest praise for the care exercised in
salvaging these great works of art and in making provisions for
their safety until they can be returned to Germany.”

The Commission accepts without reservation the promise of the
United States Government, as voiced by its highest officials,
that the works of art belonging to German museums and brought
to this country for safekeeping, will be returned to Germany
when conditions there warrant.

The Commission is strongly of the opinion that the resolution
sponsored by Dr. Clapp, Mrs. Force, and others is without
justification and is to be deplored.

Hon. Owen J. Roberts, Chairman
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

David E. Finley, Vice Chairman
Director, National Gallery of Art
Washington, D.C.

Huntington Cairns, Secretary
Secretary, National Gallery of Art
Washington, D.C.

Dr. William Bell Dinsmoor
Columbia University, New York

Hon. Herbert H. Lehman
New York

Paul J. Sachs
Professor of Fine Arts, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Francis Cardinal Spellman
Archbishop of New York

Francis Henry Taylor
Director, Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York

The following letters were released on June 10, 1946:

THE WHITE HOUSE

Washington
May 22, 1946

Dear Mrs. Force:

This is in acknowledgment of the letter to the President,
signed by yourself and Dr. Frederick M. Clapp, Director, The
Frick Collection, with which you enclosed a resolution signed
by ninety-five of your colleagues in connection with the two
hundred valuable paintings removed from Germany to this country
for safekeeping.

These paintings were removed to this country last year on the
basis of information to the effect that adequate facilities and
personnel to ensure their safekeeping did not exist in Germany.
Our military authorities did not feel that they could take the
responsibility of safeguarding them under such conditions and
it was therefore decided that they would have to be shipped to
this country until such time as they could safely be returned
to Germany. It was realized at the time that this action might
lead to criticism but it was taken, nevertheless, because it
was considered that the most important aspect was to safeguard
these priceless treasures. It was hoped that the President’s
pledge that they would be returned to Germany, contained in a
White House press release on September 26, 1945, would satisfy
those who might be critical of this Government’s motives.

I know of no plans to make any further shipments of art objects
from Germany to the United States nor of any plans for the
exhibition of the two hundred paintings now in this country.
While a definite date for the return of these pictures has not
as yet been set, I can assure you that this Government will
honor its pledge to effect their return as soon as conditions
warrant.

Very sincerely yours,

(signed) William D. Hassett
Secretary to the President.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Washington
May 22, 1946

My dear Mrs. Force and Dr. Clapp:

I have received your letter of May 9, 1946, and its enclosed
resolution, signed by 95 of your colleagues, urging the
President to order the immediate safe return to Germany of the
200 paintings which were brought to this country last year.

When these paintings were found by our forces in southern
Germany every effort was made to assure their preservation. It
soon became evident that adequate facilities and personnel to
ensure their safe keeping could not be guaranteed. Consequently
our military authorities, realizing the magnitude of their
responsibility in preserving these priceless treasures,
requested that they be relieved of this heavy responsibility
and that the paintings be shipped to this country where they
could be properly cared for. This Government reluctantly gave
its approval to this request, knowing that such action would
lead to criticism of its motives. The decision was taken
because there seemed no other way to ensure preservation of
these unique works of art. In order to dispel doubts as to the
reasons for this action the White House released a statement to
the press on September 26, 1945, which explained the situation
and included a pledge that the paintings would be returned to
their rightful owners. That pledge still holds good and while
a definite date for the return of the paintings to Germany has
not as yet been set, you may rest assured that this will be
done as soon as conditions warrant.

The resolution also recommended that plans to exhibit
these paintings in this country be cancelled and that
further shipments of German works of art to this country
be countermanded. I have never heard of any plans to make
additional shipments of works of art from Germany to the United
States nor do I know of any plans to exhibit the paintings
which are now in this country.

Sincerely yours,

For the Secretary of State:
(signed) Dean Acheson
Under Secretary.

Following are Dr. Clapp’s and Mrs. Force’s replies, also released on June 10:

June 3, 1946

My dear Mr. President:

Permit us to thank you for your kind attention to the
resolution, signed by us and ninety-five of our colleagues
prominent on the staffs of museums or experts in the history
and preservation of art, relative to the shipment to this
country of two hundred famous paintings formerly in the Kaiser
Friedrich and other museums of Berlin.

In addressing the resolution in question to you we felt that
we were following the time-honored American custom of bringing
to our government’s attention a consensus of opinion on the
part of those who have special practical familiarity with
old pictures and personal, sometimes long, acquaintance with
European history and culture in its emotional and intellectual
aspects.

Should you, in the course of events, undertake further
inquiries into the problem created by the shipment referred to
in our resolution, we shall be happy to be so informed.

Respectfully yours,

June 3, 1946

Dear Mr. Hassett:

In reply to your letter of the twenty-second permit us to say
that should the President make further inquiries into the
subject covered by our resolution with reference to two hundred
pictures selected chiefly from the collections of the Kaiser
Friedrich Museum and brought to this country, we should be
pleased to be kept informed.

We, and our ninety-five colleagues in museums and universities
who have had long experience with old paintings and are
interested in the history and preservation of works of art,
would also be glad to know when the pictures referred to are
returned to Germany since we are as yet uninformed whether the
conditions which are held not to warrant their return are of a
practical or a political nature.

This question obviously cannot but be uppermost in our minds
in view of the fact that present conditions in Germany are
apparently such as to warrant leaving there thousands of
German-owned works of art of great moment which belong not only
to the Kaiser Friedrich Museum but to the museums of other
cities in the American zone, including the great collection
of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, where under satisfactory
conditions and auspices an exhibition of early German art,
including masterpieces by Dürer, Grünewald and others, is now
being held.

It is in fact one of our perplexities that we have never been
told why our officials discriminated against important pictures
and art objects (many times the number of those urgently
transported to this country for safekeeping) which were also
formerly in the Kaiser Friedrich and other museums, not
forgetting those which were in South German churches. Were they
just left to their fate?

If it were convenient at any time to pass on to the President
our continued anxieties on these important points we should be
happy to have you do so.

Sincerely yours,

June 3, 1946

Dear Mr. Acheson:

In reply to your letter of the twenty-second with reference to
our resolution supported by the signatures of ninety-five of
our colleagues prominent in museums or experts in the history
and preservation of old masters and other works of art, permit
us to say that, in the absence of Secretary Byrnes, we took the
liberty of sending you the resolution.

We are aware of the statement released by the White House on
September 26, 1945 explaining the situation and promising to
return the pictures to Germany when conditions there should
warrant such action. We are, however, still uninformed why the
unanimous advice of the monuments officers, who had special
training and technical knowledge not only of the conditions
required for the preservation of old masters but of the certain
dangers to which journeys subject them, was disregarded.

We have also never been told whether the conditions believed
to jeopardize the safety of these important pictures were of a
practical or of a political nature. Neither do we know why, out
of the great and extensive collections of the Kaiser Friedrich
only two hundred pictures were selected nor by whom the
selection was made. More serious still no official mention has
ever been made of the fact that there were in the possession
of the other museums of Berlin and other cities, including the
famous collection of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, as well as
in the churches of the American Zone, art objects and pictures
many times more numerous than the paintings actually brought
to this country for safekeeping. One cannot but ask: Were
satisfactory conditions found for them or were they merely left
to their fate?

These are questions that have given and still give rise to
rumors, unhappy conjectures and ambiguous interpretations which
we deplore. Unreasonably or otherwise the whole situation is
confused by implications that we feel will not be laid until
the pictures deposited in Washington have been sent back with
the least possible delay to their rightful owners on whom
devolves an unequivocable responsibility for their care and
preservation.

Sincerely yours,

FOOTNOTES

[1] E(insatzstab) R(eichsleiter) R(osenberg)—Reichsleiter meaning realm leader. The Rosenberg Task Force was commonly referred to by these initials.

[2] See article “German Paintings in the National Gallery: A Protest,” by Charles L. Kuhn, in _College Art Journal_, January 1946. This and subsequent references printed by permission.

[3] See article “German Paintings in the National Gallery: A Protest,” by Charles L. Kuhn, in _College Art Journal_, January 1946.

[4] As printed by Kuhn in _College Art Journal_, January 1946, p. 81; also in _Magazine of Art_, February 1946, and New York _Times_, February 7, 1946.

[5] See in this connection the statements released to the press by the White House on September 26, 1945, and by the War Department on December 6, 1945. They are printed in _Magazine of Art_ for February, 1946.

[6] These letters are printed on pages 83 and 84 of _College Art Journal_ for January 1946; in _Magazine of Art_ for February 1946, and in the New York _Times_ of February 7, 1946.

INDEX

INDEX

Aachen crown jewels, 119

Abbey of Monte Cassino, 152

Adams, Capt. Edward, 240

Adcock, Maj. Gen. C. L, 272

Administration Building, 64, 65

_Adoration of the Magi_, Master of the Holy Kinship, 206

_Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, The_, van Eyck, 144, 146, 243, 291.
_See also_ Ghent altarpiece

_Adulteress, The_, _see_ “Vermeer” fake

Akhnaton, 287

Allen, Maj., 125

Allied air attacks over Germany, 48

Allied Forces, 274

Allied Group Control Council for Germany, 15, 49

Almanach de Gotha, 27

Almelo, 195

“Alpine Specials,” 161

Alt Aussee, evacuation of pictures at, 130-170;
last ten days at, 171_ff._;
other trips to, 178, 258;
Goudstikker pictures, 267;
mentioned, 58, 107, 118, 177, 184, 186, 192, 202, 204, 210, 213,
217, 225

Alt Aussee mine, evacuation of pictures, 65, 130-170, 240, 254,
269, 271, 277;
team arrives, 128;
mentioned, 176, 207, 244, 251

Altdorfer, Albrecht, 161

Altdorfer panels, 162, 165

Alte Pinakothek, 255

Alte Post, 237

Amalienburg, 215

American Embassy, London, 20

American Embassy, Paris, 265

American Fine Arts program, 235

American Military Government (AMG), 195, 259, 292

American Occupied Zone, 196, 243, 246, 260, 262, 268, 272, 275, 282,
291, 292, 293

Amsterdam, 149, 154, 257, 259, 261, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270

Anderson, Lt. George, 84, 85, 86, 102, 112, 190

Anderson, Maj. Harry, 180, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 222, 225

Angerer, ⸺, 219

_Annunciation_, Lippi, 152

Annunzio, Gabriele d’, 64

_Arabian Nights, The_, 20

Archival Collecting Point, Oberammergau, 282

Army Engineers, 38, 148

Army Museum at Prague, 271

Army redeployment program, 282

Arnhem, 266

Arnold, Gen. H. H., 191

_Artist’s Sister_, Rembrandt, 194

“Art Objects in the U. S. Zone,” 230

Aschaffenburg, Germany, 48

ATC, 18

Austria, 59, 62, 193, 236, 251

Austrian collections, 173

Austrian Government, 253

Autobahn, 31, 46, 71, 72, 76, 81, 83, 102, 109, 111, 203, 213, 214,
236

Azores, 16

Bad Aussee, 128, 131, 158, 181

Bad Brückenau, 40, 41, 42, 46

Baden-Baden, 242

Bad Homburg, 28, 29, 32, 54, 139, 231, 258

Bad Ischl, 128, 131, 147, 161, 162, 165, 187

Bad Nauheim, 285

Bad Reichenhall, 81

Bad Tölz, 214

Baillie-Grohman, Vice-Adm., 109

Bamberg, 247, 248, 250, 271, 282

Barbarossa, Frederick, 116

Barbizon, 49

Barboza, Lt., 158, 187

Barrett, Elizabeth, 19

Battle of Jutland, 120

Bauhaus, Dessau, 35

Bavaria, 24, 32, 33, 52, 55, 127, 193, 214, 237, 246, 247, 250, 269

“Bavarian Bible,” 214

Bavarian State Collections, 276

Bavarian State Galleries, 294

Bavarian State Museums, 146

_Bearded Old Man_, Rembrandt, 194

Belgium, 145, 153, 243, 255, 256, 261, 291, 293

Bellegambe, Jean, 207

Bellotto, ⸺, 251

Berchtesgaden, Frau Hofer at, 133;
transfer to, 168, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183, 185, 187;
operations at, 187-226;
mentioned, 81, 180

Berchtesgadener Hof, 188, 222

Berghof, Berchtesgaden, 146, 192, 222

Berlin, 146, 148, 154, 190, 229, 259, 260, 261, 262, 273, 278, 281,
287, 291

Berlin Gallery, 255

Berlin Museum, 50, 119, 145, 261, 286

Berlin Patent Office, 50

Berlin Print Room, 50

Berlin Reichsbank, 147

Berlin state museums, 32, 234, 246, 294

Berlitz School, 74

Bernterode, 119, 137

Beuningen, Van, Rotterdam collector, 200

Biblioteca Herziana, 150

Biddle, Col. Anthony, 261, 268

Big 3 Conference, 1945, 230

Birdcage Walk, 21

Black, Col. Ira W., 268

_Blind Leading the Blind_, Breughel, 152

Blyth, Capt., 61

Bohemia, 100

Bois, the, 21

Bomb Disposal Unit, 216

Bonaparte, Pauline, 93

Bonn, 118

Bonnard, M., 146

Bonney, Miss ⸺, 21, 22

Borchardt, Dr. Ludwig, 287

Bordone, Paris, 166

Bormann, Martin, 155, 192

Boucher, François, 133, 163, 164

Boucher panels, 197

Bouillon, Godefroy de, 116

Bouts, Dirk, 255

Bovingdon, England, 19

Boymans Museum, Rotterdam, 199, 200, 202

Braun Haus, 64

Brecker, Maj., 96

Bredius, Dr., 199, 200

Breitenbach, Edgar, 281

Bremen, 279

Brenner Pass, 109

Breslau, 254

Brest, France, 17

Breughel, Pieter, 24, 150, 168

Brienner-Strasse, 63, 71, 258

Brigade Headquarters, 203, 219, 225

British Zone, 266, 282

Brixlegg, 109

Brooklyn Museum, 232

Brown, John Nicholas, 49, 106, 108, 121, 262

Browning, Robert, 19

Bruges, 149, 255

Bruges, Bishop of, 143

Brussels, 244, 256, 261

Brye, Capt. Hubert de, 240, 256

Buchman, Lt. Julius, 35, 37, 38, 40, 53

Büchner, Dr. Ernst, 146

Buckingham Palace, 21

Budapest Museum, 68, 73

Budweis, 113

Buffalo Museum, 251

Buxheim, 215

Cairo Museum, 287

California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 15, 166

Calvados, 77

Cambridge, Mass., 50

Cambridge University, 18, 25

Canada, 270

Canadians, 266

Canova, 93

Caravaggio, 143

Carolinen Platz, 63

Carthusian Monastery, Buxheim, 215

Casino at Frankfurt, 235

Cassidy, ⸺, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271

Castle at Posen, 151

Castle of Neuschwanstein, _see_ Schloss Neuschwanstein

Cathedral at Cologne, 119

Cathedral of Metz, 27, 233

Cathedral of St. Bavon, Ghent, 145

Central Collecting Point, Frankfurt, 247, 248

Central Collecting Point, Marburg, 276, 282, 292, 293

Central Collecting Point, Munich, 77, 127, 196, 207, 214, 216, 220,
222, 227, 231, 236, 244, 245, 251, 256, 258, 261, 271, 276,
282, 292, 293

Central Collecting Point, Wiesbaden, 275, 276, 277, 278, 282, 286,
292, 293

“C.G.R.,” _see_ Dutch Restitution Commission

Chamberlain, Neville, 65

Champs Élysées, 18

Channel Islands, 16

Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, 143

Chardin, Jean Baptiste Siméon, 245

Château of Pau, 145

“Chicken,” 57-58

Chiemsee, 81, 126, 179

Chiemsee Lake, Bavaria, 72

Chinesisches Kabinett from Schönbrunn, 144

_Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery_, Vermeer, 198

_Christ Appearing to Mary_, Master of the Holy Kinship, 206

_Christ at Emmaus_, Vermeer, 199, 200, 201

Church of Notre Dame, 143

Church of St. Mary, Cracow, 252

Church of St. Pierre, 255

Church of Santa Maria im Kapitol, 119

“CIC boys,” 221

City Detachment, Wiesbaden, 286

City Detachments, 284

Clark, Gen. Mark, 59, 169, 176, 186

“Class C” works of art, 230

Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 230, 262, 273, 275, 281

Coburg, 248, 249, 250, 251

Coburg Detachment, 249

Coin Room, _see_ Münz Kabinett

_College Art Journal_, 230, 262, 274_n._

Cologne, 233, 266

Cologne school, 206

_Commission de Récupération Artistique_, 196, 264, 266

_Commission de Récupération Générale_, 196

Conrad, Emperor, 252

_Cook, The_, Chardin, 234

Copper mine, Westphalia, 118

Coremans, Dr. Paul, 256

Coulter, Hamilton, rehabilitation of Verwaltungsbau, 64;
described, 66-67;
Rothschild jewels, 177;
“Bavarian Bible,” 214;
accompanies token restitution to Paris, 245-246;
rehabilitation of Führerbau, 256;
transports panels from Munich, 271;
mentioned, 68, 106, 127

Courbet landscapes, 198

Coypel painting, 205

Cracow, 254

Cracow, Archbishop of, 263

Cracow, altarpiece, 252

Cracow, tapestries, 151

Cranach, Lucas, 182, 235

Cranachs, the, 202

C rations, 79, 126

Crosby, Sumner, 20

“Crown of Charlemagne,” 252

Crown of St. Stephen, 287

_Crucifixion_, Bellegambe, 206

_Crucifixion_, Van Dyck, 152

Crusaders’ Hall, 115

Csanky, Dr., 73, 74, 75, 76

Csanky, (son of Dr.), 74

Czech government, 164, 271

Czechoslovakia, 85, 87, 196, 271, 272, 293

Czechs, 89, 112, 113, 117, 123

Czernin, Count, 152

Czernin family, the, 152

“Czernin Vermeer,” 152

Dachau, 54, 63

Dalferes, Col. Roy, 251, 254

_Danaë_, Titian, 152

Danube River, 86, 87, 112, 117, 125, 151

Darmstadt, 229, 250

Daumier, Honoré, 232

David, Gerard, 143

David-Weill, M., 239, 240, 266

David-Weill Collection, 239

Davitt, Lt. Col. Harold S., 131, 168, 169, 170, 183, 184, 185, 225

del Garbo, Raffaellino, 208

Della Robbia plaques, 90, 99, 114

del Robbia, Luca, 92

Dérain, André, 241

Dessau, 35

Dewald, Col., 251, 254

Displaced Persons, _see_ DPs

Döbler, Herr, 127

Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria, 165

“Double Roger,” _see_ Roget, Roger

DP camps, 281

DPs (Displaced Persons), 63, 248, 281

Dresden, 254

Dresden Gallery, 163, 250

Dreyfus, M., 265

Duisburg, 266

Dunn, Capt., 49, 50, 51

Dürer, Albrecht, 252

Dutch Government, 200, 202, 257

_Dutch Interior_, Pieter de Hooch, 198

Dutch Restitution Commission (CGR), 196, 267, 270

Eagle’s Nest, 192, 193, 195, 205, 217

Eastern Military District (of American Zone), 246, 260, 276

ECAD Headquarters, 28, 30, 231

Eder, Max, 140, 141, 184, 185

Edinburgh, Duke of, 249

Edward VII, 29

Eggebrecht, Dr. William, 250

Egyptian tomb figures, 151

Ehrenbreitstein, 146

Ehrentempel, 64

80th Infantry Division, 147

Eigruber, Gauleiter, 155

_Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg_ (E.R.R.), 22, 23_n._, 24, 149,
183, 215, 227, 237, 238, 241

Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D., 49, 154, 243, 244, 270, 271, 293

11th Armored Division, 61, 125, 131, 159

Elkins Park, 51

Ellenlittay, Madame, 75, 76

Embankment, the, 21

Emerich, 266

Erhardt, Gregor, 205

E.R.R., _see_ Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg

Essen, 232

Essen pictures, 232

Estreicher, Maj. Charles, 272

Étoile, 18

European Civil Affairs Division, 28

Excelsior, the, 226

Exposition Building, 259

Eyck, Hubert van, 144

Eyck, Jan van, 144

Faison, Lt. Lane, 177, 179, 181

Farben, I. G., 29, 38, 229, 259

Farmer, Capt. Walter, 247, 277, 278, 284, 286

Featherstone, Col. W. B., 176

Feldherren-Halle, 56

Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 164

Feste Coburg, 248

Fest-Saal, 238

Fifteen Army (U. S.), 285

Fifth Army (U. S.), 169, 176

Fine Arts Commission, 196

First Army (U. S.), 118, 232

Fogg Museum, Harvard University, 31, 51

Forchheim, 253

44th AAA Brigade, 179, 203

Fourth of July, 113, 114, 117

Fragonard, Jean Honoré, 240

France, 16, 145, 153, 232, 245, 256, 261, 264, 265, 293

Franconia, 46

Frank (Nazi Governor of Poland), 249, 251

Frankfurt, Howe assigned to, 35-53;
trips to, 168, 227, 229, 232, 235, 251, 264, 277;
Naval Headquarters, 236;
Reichsbank at, 246, 287;
Collecting Point, 247;
USFET Headquarters, 255, 259, 272;
_Land_ office in, 282;
mentioned, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 58, 67, 161, 244, 249, 254, 258,
261, 263, 266, 271, 273, 279, 281, 285

Franklin, James, 35

Franz Josef, Emperor, 93, 131

Frauenkirche, 55, 63

Frederick the Great, 119, 234

Frederick William, 119

Freedberg, ⸺, 213, 214

French collections, 238, 245

French Committee for Fine Arts, 24

French Military Government, 294

French National Museums, 145

French Resistance Movement, 69

French Zone, 242

Führerbau, 65, 77, 256

Führer-museum, Linz, 93, 144, 151

Füssen, 237, 240

Fuschl See, Lake, 130, 186

Gablerbräu, 187

Gasthaus Sonne, 233

Gelder, Dr. van, 200

Gelnhausen, Germany, 40

German Occupation of Netherlands, 267

Gersaint, M., 234

_Gersaint’s Signboard_, Watteau, 234

G-5, 58

Ghent altarpiece, 27, 144-146, 159, 161, 255, 256, 291.
_See also_ _Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, The_

Giessen, 231

Gipsmühle, 241

Glinz, ⸺, 154

Glyptothek (museum), 64

Göring, Frau Emmy, 191, 206

Göring, Hermann, supports Rosenberg, 22;
choice of treasures, 23;
and Hofer, 132;
search for Ghent altarpiece, 146-147;
Italian works of art, 152-153;
“Vermeer,” 182, 191, 192, 198-201, 270;
taste in pictures, 182, 207;
special train, 190;
Renders Collection, 191;
pictures from Karinhall, 204;
swords, 209, 210;
plans for museum, 210;
and Görnnert, 219, 220;
search at Berchtesgaden, 225;
negotiates with Louvre, 234;
and Rochlitz, 241, 242

Göring Collection, 132, 133, 168, 171, 180, 194, 195, 207, 218, 222,
225, 239, 256, 267, 270, 289

Görnnert, Frau, 219

Görnnert, Fritz, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223

Gogh, Vincent van, 232, 250

Goisern, 131, 171

Golden Madonna, 233

“Gold Room,” 188, 208, 210

Golowine, Princess, 78

Goudstikker, ⸺, 151, 267

Goudstikker house, 267, 269

Goyen, Jan van, 235

Grandes Écuries, 21

Grand Parc Hotel, 30, 34

Grassau, 73, 76, 79

Greater Hesse, 246, 277, 282, 285

Greece, 196, 293

Greek government, 144

Greek sarcophagus from Salonika, 144, 160

Grosvenor Square, 19

Group CC, _see_ U. S. Group Control Council

Group Control Council, _see_ U. S. Group Control Council

Gründlsee, 139

Grundmann, Dr., 249, 250

G-2, 219

Guelph family, 288

Guiscard, Robert, 116

Gutmann Collection, 151

Haagen, van, 268

Hague, The, 200, 261

Hals, Frans, 78, 150, 245, 250, 270

Hamann, Prof. Richard, 234, 276

Hamilton, Lt. Col. William, 59, 62

Hammond, Maj. Mason, 49, 50, 52, 106, 108, 121

Hanau, Germany, 29, 54

Hancock, Walter, 118, 119, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 276, 277, 278

Harvard University, 25, 31, 49, 50

Haus der Deutschen Kunst, 55, 64, 92, 166

Havre, Le, 279

Hearst Collection (at Gimbel’s), 91

Heerengracht, 267

Heidelberg, 179, 260, 269, 276, 280

Heilbronn mine, 282

Heller, Lt. Col. Homer K., 176, 178

Henraux, ⸺, 266

Herculaneum, 152

Hermann Göring Division, 152

Herrenchiemsee, 215

Hess, Rudolf, 91

Hesse, Province of, 231

Hesse family, 40

Hesse-Nassau, 55

Hindenburg, Paul von, 119

Hintersee, 224, 225

Hitler, Adolf, choice of treasure, 23;
Götterdämmerung idea, 24;
Haus der Deutschen Kunst, 55;
taste, 61, 136, 151;
D’Annunzio’s villa, 63;
offices, 65;
Lanckoroncki Collection, 78;
love for Linz, 83;
Weinzinger, 84;
presents _Ungaria_ to Horthy, 86;
Hohenfurth monastery, 89, 91;
Canova statue, 93;
Czernin Vermeer, 152;
approves destruction of Alt Aussee mine, 155;
approves pictures for museums, 162, 163;
Robert _Landscape_, 184, 185;
Eagle’s Nest, 192, 193, 194;
cognac from Berghof stock, 222;
pictures at St. Agatha, 223, 225

Höchst, 229, 259, 260, 261, 272

Hoechst, Germany, 49

Hofer, Frau, 133

Hofer, Walter Andreas, 132, 133, 181, 182, 199, 200

Hohenfurth, arrangements for evacuation, 78, 79, 82, 84, 86;
Howe’s first trip to, 87-100;
second trip to, 104-129;
mentioned, 135, 216, 240

Hohenfurth altarpiece, 151, 271

Hohenfurth monastery, 62, 66, 87-100, 104-129, 240

Hohenschwangau, 241

Hohenzollerns, the, 235

Holbein, Hans, 250

Holland, 153, 154, 194, 258, 261, 293

Holy Roman Empire, 27, 252

Holzinger, Dr., 44

Holzinger, Frau, 44, 45

Horn, Lt. Walter, 253, 271

Hornbeck, Stanley, 268

Horthy, Adm., 86

House, 71, 128, 132, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 210

Houses of Parliament, 21

Howe, Francesca, 15

Hümmel, Dr. Helmut von, 163

Hungen, 280, 281

Imperial Treasure Room, _see_ Schatzkammer

Iname, Baron von, 110

Iname, Fräulein von, 110

Innsbruck, 109

Innsbruck Museum, 110

Institute for the Investigation of the Jewish Question, _see_
Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage

_Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage_, 280

Isar River, 57, 71

Italy, 109, 153, 193, 289

Jaffé, Lt. Hans, 269

_James Parker_, the, 279, 289, 290, 291

Japan, 168, 233

_Jesus Confounding the Doctors_, Van Meegeren, 201

Jeu de Paume, 24

Jewish art collections, 22, 195, 241, 246

Jewish libraries, 280

Jubiläumsbau (Jubilee Building), 234, 235

Jubilee Building, _see_ Jubiläumsbau

Kaiser Friedrich Museum, 34, 49, 276, 278, 291

Kaiser Josef chamber, 159

Kaiser Josef mine, 142, 144

Kaiser Saal, 48

Kammergrafen, 150, 151, 153, 162, 163, 164, 166, 173

Kapelle, the, 160, 164, 165

Karinhall, 146, 190, 204, 210

Karlsruhe, 282

Karlstadt-on-the-Main, 46

Kassel, 231, 282

Kassel Museum, 137

Katz, Dutch dealer, 194

Katz Collection, 198

Keck, Sheldon, 232

Keegan, Col. Charles, 67

Keitel, Gen., 203

Kelleher, Capt. Joseph, 277, 278, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288

Kirstein, Lincoln, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, 105, 108, 117, 147, 177, 178,
184, 214, 251

_Kloster_, 89

Kluss, Col. Walter, 263, 264, 271, 286, 288

_Knights of Christ_, van Eyck, 145

Kochendorf, 282

Königsplatz, 63, 65, 68, 71, 80, 102, 177, 244

Königssee, 180

Konopischt Collection, 165

Kopernikus-Strasse, 66

Kovalyak, Lt. Steve, identified, 118;
introduced, 135, 136, 137-138;
Alt Aussee operations, 139-140, 148, 149, 156, 158, 159, 162, 164,
165, 169, 171, 172, 173;
Rothschild jewels, 175;
Steyr truck, 183, 186, 224-225;
and Kress, 210-211, 226;
loading at Berchtesgaden, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218;
Görnnert house, 221;
trip to Frankfurt, 227-229;
to Marburg, 231-232;
Neuschwanstein operations, 239-242, 266;
Belgian restitution, 244;
Stoss altarpiece, 253;
Team split, 254-255, 256;
back to Alt Aussee, 258, 277;
redeployment, 278;
mentioned, 180, 182, 187, 189, 203, 204, 207, 222, 223, 251, 259

K rations, 70, 77, 79, 125, 226

Kress, ⸺, 137, 183, 204, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 221, 225, 226, 239

Krummau, 96, 100, 101, 114

Kufstein, 109

Kuhn, Lt. Charles, USNR, Webb’s deputy, 18, 24;
meeting with Howe, 25, 26;
at Frankfurt, 38;
mission to Bad Brückenau and Schloss Rossbach, 40-45;
and Merkers mine, 48-51;
sends Howe to Munich, 52-53, 58;
and removal of art works to the United States, 229, 230, 262;
helps form Special Evacuation Team, 231, 236;
transfer of Berlin collections to Wiesbaden, 246-247;
to Frankfurt, 251;
released from active duty, 255;
mentioned, 19, 27, 228, 264

Kurhaus, Frankfurt, 30

Kurhaus, Wiesbaden, 31

La Bretesche, Col. A. J. de, 263

Lacy, Capt. George, 256

_Länder_, 55, 282, 283

La Farge, Maj. Bancel, advance office of MFA&A, 31;
Howe meets, 32-33;
at Berchtesgaden, 192;
restitutions, 195-196, 244, 245, 256, 261, 263, 267;
problem of removal of art works to the United States, 229, 230,
262, 272-285;
Special Evacuation Team, 231;
new assignments, 254;
at Höchst, 259;
MFA&A policies, 260, 264;
and Lovegrove, 265;
mentioned, 37, 62, 202, 228, 251, 271

Lambach, 102, 125

Lanckoroncki Collection, 78

Lancret, Nicolas, 150, 198, 245

Landesmuseum, 246

_Land_ offices, 282

_Landscape_, Lorraine, 152

_Landscape_, Robert, 184

Lanz Collection, 149

Last Supper, 253

Laufen, 131, 167

Laufen salt mine, 24

Law, 52, 280

Leclancher, ⸺, 69, 70, 74, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 88, 94, 95, 98, 101,
123

_Lederhosen_, 80, 138

Léhar, Franz, 165

Lenbach, 78

Leonfelden, 86, 87

Leopold, King of Belgium, 165

Lesley, Capt. Everett Parker, Jr., 285

Limburg, 266

Lindbergh, Charles, 14

Linz, 78, 82, 83, 87, 101, 102, 111, 113, 117, 123, 124, 125, 128,
151, 161

Linz Collections, 163

Linz Museum, 160, 162, 164

List of Protected Monuments, 248

Loggia dei Lanzi, 56

London, England, 17, 19, 20, 267

London Naval Headquarters, 19

Longchamps, 21

Longuy, Lt. Pierre, 256

Loser, Mt., 138

Louvain, 255

Louvre, 145, 205, 206, 207, 234, 239

Lovegrove, Lt. William, 264, 265, 266

Lower Bavaria, 282

Lucienne, 36

“Lucky Rear,” 53, 56

Ludwig, Prince of Hesse, 249, 250

Ludwig bridge, 57

Ludwig I, 56

Ludwigsburg, 229

Ludwig II, 215, 237, 238

_Ludwigs of Bavaria, The_, Channon, 214

Ludwig-Strasse, 56

Luftwaffe, 22, 180, 204

Luithlen, Dr. Victor, 167

Luxembourg, 147

McBride, Col. Harry, 273, 275, 278, 279

Macmillan Committee, 20

“Mad King” of Bavaria, _see_ Ludwig II

_Madonna and Child_, Florentine sculpture, 92

_Madonna and Child_ (Madonna from Bruges), Michelangelo, 27, 142,
143, 144, 149, 159, 161, 164, 207, 223, 224, 255

_Madonna of Bürgermeister Meyer_, Holbein, 250

_Madonna of the Divine Love_, Raphael, 152

Magdalene, statue, 205

Main River, 46

Mainzer Landstrasse, 29

Manet, Édouard, 232

Mannheim, 229, 279

Mannheimer Collection, 91, 92, 106, 151

_Man with a Turban_, Rembrandt, 194, 195

Marburg, 32, 118, 231, 235, 278, 283, 294

Margarethe, Landgräfin of Hesse, 40, 249

Maria, 139, 165

Maria-Elisa, Princess of Lucca, 93

Marienberg fortress, 46

Marseilles, 195

Maspero, M., 287

Master of the Holy Kinship, 206

Mathilde-Strasse, 226

Matisse, Henri, 241

Mauritshuis (museum), 200

Medical Office, 20

Mediterranean Sea, 42

Meegeren, Henrik Van, 201, 202

Meer, Capt. ter, 267, 268

_Mein Kampf_, Hitler, 152

Mellon, Andrew, 148, 152

_Mercury and Venus_, Boucher, 234

Merkers, Germany, 16

Merkers mine, 32, 49, 119, 278, 287

Merrill, Comm. Keith, 279

“Merry Widow Waltz,” 165

MFA&A, _see_ Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Section of U. S.
Forces, European Theater

Michel, Dr. Hermann, 183

Michelangelo, 143.
_See also_ _Madonna and Child_

Miedl, ⸺, 267

Military Government Detachments, 33, 35, 40, 66, 103, 127, 139, 176,
236, 237, 248, 249

Miller, Maj. Luther, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224

Miller, Maj. Paul, 189

Millionen Zimmer, 144

Mineral Kabinett, 144, 148, 160

Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences (Holland), 202

Ministry of Fine Arts (Belgium), 256

Moldau River, 100, 114

Monastery of St. Florian, 161

Mondsberg chamber, 166

Monte Cassino, 152, 153

Mont St. Martin, church of, 58

Mont St. Michel, 17

Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Section of U. S. Forces, European
Theater, Howe assigned to, 15;
Webb heads at SHAEF, 18;
offices at Versailles, 21;
Kuhn in, 25;
and SHAEF, 28;
La Farge with, 31;
at Munich, 58-59;
work of, 118;
Walker inspects, 192;
official position, 195-196;
Ritchie joins, 251;
Howe as Deputy Chief, 255;
personnel problems, 257, 273, 283-284, 293, 294;
headquarters transferred, 259;
restitution, 264;
removal of art works to United States, 272, 275-292;
mentioned, 40, 135, 254

Monuments of Middle Ages, 61

Moore, Lt. Lamont, described, 105-106, 107;
Howe meets, 116, 117;
previous work, 118-120;
Canova Muse, 121;
to Linz, 123, 125;
to Munich, 126, 127;
to Alt Aussee, 128, 129, 130;
operations at Alt Aussee, 131-171, 173-177;
and Kirstein, 177-178;
to Berchtesgaden, 179, 180, 185, 186, 187;
and Hofer, 181-182;
and Dr. Michel, 183-184;
and Göring Collection, 189-213, 219;
trip to Munich, 213-214;
to St. Agatha, 224-225;
to Frankfurt, 227-229;
Special Team, 228, 231, 256;
and Walker Hancock, 232;
at Neuschwanstein, 239-240, 266;
Rochlitz, 241;
Belgian restitution, 244;
trip to Coburg, 247, 249, 251;
resumes evacuation at Alt Aussee, 254, 255, 258, 277;
assigned to Wiesbaden, 278, 279;
mentioned, 114, 216, 221, 223, 253, 259, 269

Mouscron brothers of Bruges, 143

Mozartplatz, 82, 187

Münz Kabinett, 160, 164

Munich, Smyth assigned to, 32, 33;
Howe to fly to, 52, 53;
field work begins, 54-79;
back to, 93, 96, 98, 99, 102;
Stout visits, 106;
exhibitions, 151;
convoy to, 159, 218, 236;
trips to, 161, 162, 213, 217, 272;
Haus de Deutschen Kunst in, 166;
Rothschild jewels, 174;
Central Collecting Point, 196, 220, 222, 231, 244, 251, 271, 282;
museums of, 238;
to Paris, 245;
Third Army Headquarters, 246, 260;
return to, 254;
last operations in, 255;
convoys from Amsterdam, 257;
French representative in, 264;
plane from, 268;
Vorenkamp’s work, 269;
Belgium representative in, 280;
_et passim_

Munich Pact of 1938, 65

_Muse_, Canova, 121

Musée du Jeu de Paume, 23, 245, 264, 265, 266

Mussolini, Benito, 55, 184, 185, 209, 210, 223, 225

Mutter, Dr., 89-99, 102, 113, 114, 116, 121-124

Mutter family, 124

Myers, Capt., 125

_Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine, The_, David, 197

Naarden, 270

Naples Museum, 152

Napoleon, 93

National Gallery, Edinburgh, 199

National Gallery of Art, 16, 105, 192, 273, 278, 279, 289, 294

Nattier, ⸺, 150

Netherlands Government, 270

_Neue Residenz_, 247, 248

Neue Staatsgalerie, 64

Neumann, Johann Balthasar, 47

Neuschwanstein, _see_ Schloss Neuschwanstein

Newark Museum, 105

New York _Times_, 274_n._, 288, 290, 292

New York _Times Overseas Weekly_, 289, 290

_Night Watch_, Rembrandt, 270

1923 beer-hall “putsch,” 64

Ninth Army Headquarters, 118

North Sea, 42

Nürnberg, 236, 243-258, 272

Nunnery on the Mathilde-Strasse, 226

Oberammergau, 215, 282

Ober-Donau, 154

Obersalzberg, 192, 223

Offenbach, 280, 281, 282, 285

Office of Military Government for Germany (U. S.), 291

Olympus and the Four Continents, 47

101st Airborne Division, 180, 190, 209, 210, 222

Ooley, Capt. Wyman, 35, 36

Opera House, Frankfurt, 29, 35

Opera House, Wiesbaden, 31

Oppenheim, E. Phillips, 20

Orly field, 17, 19, 21, 28

Ortenburg, Countess of, 250

OSS, 20, 128, 241, 249

Ottobeuren, 215

Oud Bussum, 270

Pacher, Michael, 165

_Painted Queen, The, see_ Queen Nefertete

Palace at Darmstadt, 250

Palace of Versailles, 115

Palais Edinburgh, 249

Pannini, 185

Pannwitz, Mme. Catalina van, 194

Pannwitz, Van, Collection, 194

Paris, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 37, 148, 167, 194, 195, 199, 215, 223,
227, 239, 241, 245, 264, 265, 279, 280

Paris Naval Headquarters, 19, 26

Parkhurst, Lt. (jg) Charles, 240

Passau, 113, 117

_Passion of Christ_, altarpiece, 206

Patton, Gen. George, 57, 228

Patuxent airport, 13

Pau Museum, 146

Peck, Sgt. Edward, 188, 189, 202, 204, 208, 212, 222

Pelz, Lt. Milton A., 249

Petites Écuries, 21

Philip of Hesse, 40, 249