Chapter XX: Cot (not Painted, White Duck) $2

COT FOLDED XX CANVAS COT 27 IN. WIDE MEAS. 1/2 CUBIC FT.]

Makes a perfect bed. No mattress or pillows required. Better than a hammock, as it fits the body as pleasantly, and lies _straight_. Folded or opened instantly. Self-fastening. It is just the thing for hotels, offices, cottages, camp-meetings, sportsmen, etc. Good for the lawn, piazza, or "coolest place in the house." Splendid for invalids or children. Sent on receipt of price, or C. O. D. For 50 CTS. EXTRA, with order, I will prepay expressage to any railroad station east of Mississippi River and north of Mason and Dixon's line. For 75 CENTS, in Minnesota, Missouri, and Iowa.

HERMON W. LADD, 108 FULTON ST., BOSTON; 207 Canal St., New York; 165 North Second St., Phila.; 94 Market St., Chicago. SEND FOR CIRCULARS.

RUBBER BACK SQUARE PACKING, BEST IN THE WORLD

FOR PACKING THE PISTON RODS AND VALVE STEMS OF STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS.

B represents that part of the packing which, when in use, is in contact with the Piston Rod.

A the elastic back, which keeps the part B against the rod with sufficient pressure to be steam-tight, and yet creates but little friction.

This Packing is made in lengths of about 20 feet, and of all sizes from 1/4 to 2 inches square.

JOHN H. CHEEVER, Treas. NEW YORK BELTING & PACKING CO., 37 & 38 Park Row, New York.

JOHN R. WHITLEY & CO.

European Representatives of American Houses, with First-class Agents in the principal industrial and agricultural centers and cities in Europe. London, 7 Poultry, E. C. Paris, 8 Place Vendome. Terms on application. J. R. W. & Co. purchase Paris goods on commission at shippers' discounts.

STEAM HEATING APPARATUS LIGHTS PATENTS 24 SIZES OF BOILERS RADIATION 28 PER CENT SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER. ADDRESS: EUREKA STEAM HEATING CO. ROCHESTER, N. Y.

GRAIN SPECULATION

in large or small amounts. $25 or $25,000. Write W. T. SOULE & CO., Commission Merchants, 130 La Salle St., CHICAGO. ILL., for Circulars.

TELEPHONE Works 1 mile. Price $3.50. Pat'd. Circulars free. HOLCOMB & CO., Mallet Creek, Ohio.

JOHNSON'S PATENT UNIVERSAL LATHE CHUCK.

Lambertville Iron Works, Lambertville, N. J.

GREEN HOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS.

BASE BURNING WATER HEATERS.

For Small Conservatories.

HITCHINGS & CO., No. 233 Mercer Street, New York.

POND'S TOOLS,

Engine Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c.

DAVID W. POND, Worcester, Mass.

LATHES, PLANERS SHAPERS

Drills, Bolt and Gear Cutters, Milling Machines. Special Machinery. E. GOULD & EBERHARDT, Newark, N. J.

BUCKET PLUNGER STEAM PUMPS, FOR EVERY DUTY. BUCK VALLEY MACHINE CO., EASTHAMPTON, MASS.

GRISCOM & CO'S VALVE REFITTING MACHINE.

POTTSVILLE, PA.

STEEL CASTINGS

From 1/4 to 15,000 lb. weight, true to pattern, of unequaled strength, toughness, and durability. 15,000 Crank Shafts and 10,000 Gear Wheels of this steel now running prove its superiority over all other Steel Castings. Send for circular and price list. CHESTER STEEL CASTINGS Co., 407 Library St., Phila, Pa.

CARNEGIE BROS & CO UNION IRON MILLS PITTSBURGH PA.

WROUGHT IRON BEAMS CHANNELS TEES & ANGLES

The attention of Architects, Engineers, and Builders is called to the great decline in prices of wrought STRUCTURAL IRON.

It is believed that, were owners fully aware of the small difference in cost which now exists between iron and wood, the former, in many cases, would be adopted, thereby saving _insurance_ and avoiding all risk of _interruption_ to _business_ in consequence of fire. Book of detailed information furnished to Architects, Engineers, and Builders, on application.

ALAND'S Silent Injector, Blower & Exhauster. Apply to S. ALAND, Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y.

WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY, Such as Woodworth Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Machines, Daniel's Planers, Richardson's Patent Improved Tenon Machines, Mortising, Moulding, and Re-Saw Machines. Eastman's Pat. Miter Machines, and Wood-Working Machinery generally. Manufactured by WITHERBY, RUGG & RICHARDSON, 26 Salisbury Street, Worcester, Mass. (Shop formerly occupied by R. BALL & CO.)

SHAFTS, PULLEYS, HANGERS, ETC. Full assortment in store for immediate delivery. WM. SELLERS & CO., 79 Liberty Street, New York.

PORTER MANUF'G CO.

The New Economizer, the only Agricultural Engine with Return Flue Boiler in use. Send for circular to PORTER MFG. Co., Limited, Syracuse, N. Y. G. G. YOUNG, Gen. Agt., 42 Cortland St., New York.

FORSTER'S ROCK & ORE BREAKER AND COMBINED CRUSHER AND PULVERIZER.

_The simplest machine ever devised for the purpose._ Parties who have used it constantly for six years testify that it will do _double_ the work of _any other Crusher_, with one-third the Power, and one-half the expense for keeping in repair. The smaller sizes can be run with Horse Power. Address TOTTEN & CO., Pittsburgh Pa.

STEAM PUMPS.

HENRY R. WORTHINGTON.

239 BROADWAY, N. Y. 83 WATER ST., BOSTON. 709 MARKET ST., ST. LOUIS, MO.

THE WORTHINGTON PUMPING ENGINES FOR WATER WORKS--Compound, Condensing or Non-Condensing. Used in over 100 Water-Works Stations.

WORTHINGTON STEAM PUMPS of all sizes and for all purposes.

PRICES BELOW THOSE OF ANY OTHER STEAM PUMP IN THE MARKET.

WATER METERS. OIL METERS.

KNOW THYSELF.

The untold miseries that result from indiscretion in early life may be alleviated and cured. Those who doubt this assertion should purchase the new medical work published by the PEABODY MEDICAL INSTITUTE, Boston, entitled THE SCIENCE OF LIFE; or, SELF-PRESERVATION. Exhausted vitality, nervous and physical debility, or vitality impaired by the errors of youth, or too close application to business, may be restored and manhood regained.

Two hundredth edition, revised and enlarged, just published. It is a standard medical work, the best in the English language, written by a physician of great experience, to whom was awarded a gold and jeweled medal by the National Medical Association. It contains beautiful and very expensive engravings. Three hundred pages, more than 50 valuable prescriptions for all forms of prevailing disease, the result of many years of extensive and successful practice, either one of which is worth ten times the price of the book. Bound in French cloth; price only $1, sent by mail, postpaid.

The London Lancet says: "No person should be without this valuable book. The author is a noble benefactor."

An illustrated sample sent to all on receipt of 6 cents for postage.

The author refers, by permission, to Hon. P. A. BISSELL, M.D., prest. of the National Medical Association. Address Dr. W. H. PARKER, No. 4 Bulfinch Street, Boston, Mass. The author may be consulted on all diseases requiring skill and experience.

HEAL THYSELF

EXTRA BARGAINS.

Town rights, $10; county, $25. Best novelty yet manufactured. If you want to make money, address, with stamp, J. H. MARTIN, Hartford, N. Y.

CARY & MOEN STEEL WIRE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION & STEEL SPRINGS. 234 W. 29. ST., NEW YORK CITY]

"THE 1876 INJECTOR." Simple, Durable, and Reliable. Requires no special valves. Send for illustrated circular. WM. SELLERS & CO., Phila.

CAVEATS, COPYRIGHTS, LABEL REGISTRATION, ETC.

Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, continue to examine Improvements, and to act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.

In this line of business they have had OVER THIRTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE, and now have _unequaled facilities_ for the Preparation of Patent Drawings, Specifications, and the Prosecution of Applications for Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs. Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Registration of Labels, Copyrights for Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness, on very moderate terms.

We send free of charge, on application, a pamphlet containing further information about Patents and how to procure them; directions concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of Patents, etc.

_Foreign Patents_.--We also send, _free of charge_, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world. American inventors should bear in mind that, as a general rule, any invention that is valuable to the patentee in this country is worth equally as much in England and some other foreign countries. Five patents--embracing Canadian, English, German, French, and Belgian--will secure to an inventor the exclusive monopoly to his discovery among about ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLIONS of the most intelligent people in the world. The facilities of business and steam communication are such that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home. The expense to apply for an English patent is $75; German, $100; French, $100; Belgian, $100; Canadian, $50.

_Copies of Patents_.--Persons desiring any patent issued from 1836 to November 20, 1866, can be supplied with official copies at reasonable cost, the price depending upon the extent of drawings and length of specifications.

Any patent issued since November 20, 1866, at which time the Patent Office commenced printing the drawings and specifications, may be had by remitting to this office $1.

A copy of the claims of any patent issued since 1836 will be furnished for $1.

When ordering copies, please to remit for the same as above, and state name of patentee, title of invention, and date of patent.

A pamphlet, containing full directions for obtaining United States patents sent free. A handsomely bound Reference Book, gilt edges, contains 140 pages and many engravings and tables important to every patentee and mechanic, and is a useful handbook of reference for everybody. Price 25 cents, mailed free.

Address MUNN & CO., Publishers SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 37 Park Row, New York.

_BRANCH OFFICE--Corner of F and 7th Streets, Washington, D. C._

THE HOLLY SYSTEM OF STEAM HEATING FOR CITIES AND VILLAGES. HOLLY STEAM COMBINATION CO. LIMITED. LOCKPORT N. Y. SEE ILLUSTRATED AD. IN LAST NUMBER.

THE ASBESTOS PACKING CO.,
Miners and Manufacturers of Asbestos,
BOSTON, MASS.,
OFFER FOR SALE:
PATENTED ASBESTOS ROPE PACKING,
" " LOOSE "
" " JOURNAL "
" " WICK "
" " MILL BOARD,
" " SHEATHING PAPER,
" " FLOORING FELT.
" " CLOTH.

COLUMBIA BICYCLE.

A practical road machine. Indorsed by the medical profession as the most healthful of outdoor sports. Send 3 cent stamp for 24 page catalogue, with price list and full information, or 10 cents for catalogue and copy of _The Bicycling World_.

THE POPE M'F'G CO., 89 Summer Street, Boston, Mass.

MACHINISTS' TOOLS. NEW AND IMPROVED PATTERNS. Send for new illustrated catalogue. Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c, NEW HAVEN MANUFACTURING CO., New Haven, Conn.

H. W. JOHNS' ASBESTOS

LIQUID PAINTS, ROOFING, BOILER COVERINGS, Steam Packing, Sheathings, Fireproof Coatings, Cements, SEND FOR SAMPLES, ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET, AND PRICE LIST. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y.

THE GEORGE PLACE MACHINERY AGENCY Machinery of Every Description 121 Chambers and 103 Reade Streets, New York.

THE WATSON PUMP, FOR ARTESIAN, OR DEEPWELL PUMPING, PISTON ROD, PLUNGER & WELL ROD IN DIRECT LINE MACHINE SIMPLE, EFFICIENT. JAMES WATSON, 1508 S. FRONT ST., PHILA.

DIES FOR EVERY PURPOSE. STILES & PARKER PRESS CO., Middletown, Ct.

BI-SULPHIDE OF CARBON. E. R. TAYLOR, Cleveland, O.

ICE-HOUSE AND REFRIGERATOR.-- Directions and Dimensions for construction, with one illustration of cold house for preserving fruit from season to season. The air is kept dry and pure throughout the year at a temperature of 34 deg. to 36 deg.. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, 116. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers.

BEECHER & PECK, Successors of MILO PECK, Manufacturers of PECK'S PATENT DROP PRESS, Regular sizes. Hammer from 50 to 2,570 Lb. Special attention given to making of Drop Dies, Drop and Machine Forgings.

New Haven, Conn.

17--STOP ORGANS Sub-bass and Oct. Coupler, box'd and ship'd only $97.75. New Pianos, $195 to $1,600. Before you buy an instrument be sure to see my Mid-summer offer, illustrated, free. Address Daniel F. Beatty, Washington, N. J.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

INSIDE PAGE, EACH INSERTION - - - 75 CENTS A LINE. BACK PAGE, EACH INSERTION - - - $1.00 A LINE. (About eight words to a line.)

_Engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line, by measurement, as the letter press. Advertisements must be received at publication office as early as Thursday morning to appear in next issue._

-->The publishers of this paper guarantee to advertisers a circulation of not less than 50,000 copies every weekly issue.

FOR SALE.--PLYMOUTH MACHINE Works, Engine, and Saw Mill. Patterns on hand. Locality good. For particulars, call on or address the works. Plymouth Machine Works, Plymouth, Richland Co., O.

FIRE BRICK, TILE AND CLAY RETORTS ALL SHAPES BORGNER & O'BRIEN 23rd ST, ABOVE RACE, PHILADELPHIA.

HOLLY'S IMPROVED WATER WORKS.

Direct Pumping Plan. Advantages: 1. Secures by variable pressure a more reliable water supply for all purposes. 2. Less cost for construction. 3. Less cost for maintenance. 4. Less cost for daily supply for all use of Holly's Improved Pumping Machinery. 5. Affords the best fire protection in the world. 6. Largely reduces insurance risks and premiums. 7. Dispenses with fire engines, in whole or in part. 8. Reduces fire department expenses. For information, address the HOLLY MANUFACTURING CO., Lockport, N. Y., Or PARK BENJAMIN & BRO., Gen. Agents,

49 and 50 Astor House, N. Y. City.

Established 1844.

JOSEPH C. TODD,

Successor to TODD & RAFFERTY,

PATERSON, N. J.,

Engineer and Machinist.

Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum, and Bagging Machinery. Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. Sole Agent for Mayher's New Patent Acme Steam Engine and Force Pumps combined. Also owner and exclusive manufacturer of

THE NEW BAXTER PATENT PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE.

These engines are admirably adapted to all kinds of light power for driving printing presses, pumping water, sawing wood, grinding coffee, ginning cotton, and all kinds of agricultural and mechanical purposes, and are furnished at the following low prices:

1 Horse Power, $150 | 11/2 Horse Power, $190 2 Horse Power, 245 | 21/2 Horse Power, 275 3 Horse Power. 290 | 4 Horse Power, 350

Send for descriptive circular. Address J. C. TODD, PATERSON, N. J. Or No. 10 Barclay St., New York.

EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDING MACHINES.

THE TANITE CO., Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pa.

Orders may be directed to us at any of the following addresses, at each of which we carry a stock:

London, Eng., 9 St. Andrews St., Holborn Viaduct, E. C. Liverpool, Eng., 42, The Temple, Dale St. Sydney, N. S. W., 11 Pitt St. San Francisco, 2 and 4 California St. Chicago, 152 and 154 Lake St. St. Louis, 209 North Third St. " " 811 to 819 North Second St. Cincinnati, 212 West Second St. Indianapolis, Corner Maryland and Delaware Sts. Louisville, 427 West Main St. Nashville, 28 West Side Public Square. New Orleans, 26 Union St.

THE NEW YORK ICE MACHINE COMPANY, 21 COURTLANDT STREET, ROOM 54. Low Pressure Binary Absorption System.

Advantages over other Machines.

Makes 25 per cent. more Ice. Uses only 1/4 water of condensation. No Pressure at rest. Pressure in running, 14 pounds. Self-lubricating. No Leaks, non-inflammable. No action on Metals. Easy Attendance.

WM. A. HARRIS.

PROVIDENCE, R. I. (PARK STREET),

Six minutes walk West from station. Original and Only builder of the HARRIS-CORLISS ENGINE With Harris' Patented Improvements, from 10 to 1,000 H.P.

THE BAKER BLOWER. Centennial Judges Report.

"Good Design and Material. Very efficient in action. With the special advantages that they can be connected for motion directly with engine without the use of gearing or belting."

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

WILBRAHAM BROS. No. 2318 Frankford Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

BOILER COVERINGS, Plastic Cement and Hair Felt, with or without the Patent "AIR SPACE" Method. ASBESTOS MATERIALS, Made from pure Italian Asbestos, in fiber, mill board, and round packing. THE CHALMERS-SPENCE CO., 40 John Street, and Foot of E. 9th Street, New York.

TELEGRAPH and Electrical Supplies. Send for Catalogue. C. E. JONES & BRO., CINCINNATI, O.

WOOD SOLE SHOES.

The cheapest, most durable, warm, good looking, and thoroughly waterproof shoe. Particularly adapted to Brewers, Miners, and all classes of laborers. Send stamp for circular and price list.

CHAS. W. COPELAND, 122 Summer St., Boston, Mass.

BUY NO BOOTS OR SHOES

Unless the soles are protected from wear by _Goodrich's Bessemer Steel Rivets. Guaranteed to outwear any other sole._ All dealers sell these boots. Taps by mail for 50 cents in stamps. Send paper pattern of size wanted. H. C. GOODRICH, 19 Church St., Worcester, Mass.

SPY Glasses, Field & Opera Glasses, MICROSCOPES, McALLISTER Magnifying Glasses. Circulars free. Mfg Optician, 49 Nassau St., N. Y.

PAINTERS attention: send for circulars. etc. of my latest Metallic Plates for graining oak, walnut, chestnut, ash, etc., in the most rapid and excellent manner, no skill required. J. J. CALLOW. Cleveland. O.

HARTFORD STEAM BOILER Inspection & Insurance COMPANY.

W. B. FRANKLIN, V. Pres't, J. M. ALLEN, Pres't. J. B. PIERCE, Sec'y.

THE RODIER PATENT SINGLE IRON PLANE.

Made of extra quality iron. A practical labor saving tool. Cuts against the grain equally as well as with it. Can be adjusted instantly to cut a coarse or fine shaving, and excels any double iron plane ever produced. Address LAFLIN MANUFACTURING CO., North Elm Street, Westfield, Mass.

PYROMETERS,

For showing heat of Ovens, Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues. Superheated Steam, Oil Stills, etc. HENRY W. BULKLEY, Sole Manufacturer, 149 Broadway, N. Y.

THE MACKINNON PEN OR FLUID PENCIL.

Particulars mailed Free. MACKINNON PEN CO., 200 Broadway, near Fulton St., N. Y.

FRIEDMANN'S PATENT INJECTOR, The best BOILER FEEDER In the world. Simple, Reliable, and Effective. 40,000 IN ACTUAL USE. NATHAN & DREYFUS, Sole Manufacturers, NEW YORK. Send for Descriptive Catalogue.

SUPPLIES FROM HYDRANT PRESSURE the cheapest power known. Invaluable for blowing Church Organs, running Printing Presses, _Sewing Machines in Households_, Turning Lathes, Scroll Saws, Grindstones, Coffee Mills, Sausage Machines, Feed Cutters, _Electric Lights_, Elevators, etc. It needs little room, no firing up, fuel, ashes, repairs, engineer, explosion, or delay, no extra insurance, no coal bills. Is noiseless, neat, compact, steady; will work at any pressure of water above 15 lb.; at 40 lb. pressure has 4-horse power, and capacity up to 6 or 8 horse power. Prices from $15 to $250. Send for circular to THE BACKUS WATER MOTOR CO., Newark, N. J.

PICTET ARTIFICIAL ICE CO., LIMITED, P.O. Box 3083. 142 Greenwich St., New York. Guaranteed to be the most efficient and economical of all existing Ice and Cold Air Machines.

MICROSCOPES, OPERA GLASSES, SPY Glasses, Spectacles, Thermometers, Barometers, Compasses. R. & J. BECK, Manufacturing Opticians, Philadelphia, Pa. Send for ILLUSTRATED PRICED CATALOGUE.

J. STEVENS & CO., P.O. Box 28, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

Manufacturers of Stevens' Patent Breech-Loading Sporting and Hunters' Pet Rifles, Single and Double Barrel Shot Guns, Pocket Rifles, Pocket Shot Guns, Gallery Rifles, Superior Spring Calipers and Dividers, including the New Patent Coil Spring Calipers: also Double Lip Countersinks and Hathaways' Patent Combination Gauge.

MILL STONES AND CORN MILLS.

We make Burr Millstones, Portable Mills, Smut Machines, Packers, Mill Picks, Water Wheels, Pulleys, and Gearing specially adapted to Flour Mills. Send for catalogue.

J. T. NOYE & SONS, Buffalo, N. Y.

The fact that this shafting has 75 per cent. greater strength, a finer finish, and is truer to gauge, than any other in use renders it undoubtedly the most economical. We are also the sole manufacturers of the CELEBRATED COLLINS' PAT. COUPLING, and furnish Pulleys, Hangers, etc., of the most approved styles. Price list mailed on application to JONES & LAUGHLINS, Try Street, 2d and 3d Avenues, Pittsburg, Pa. 190 S. Canal Street, Chicago, Ill.

-->Stocks of this shafting in store and for sale by FULLER, DANA & FITZ, Boston, Mass. Geo. Place Machinery Agency, 121 Chambers St., N. Y.

LEFFEL WATER WHEELS,

With recent improvements. Prices Greatly Reduced. 8000 in successful operation. FINE NEW PAMPHLET FOR 1879, Sent free to those interested.

James Leffel & Co, Springfield, O. 110 Liberty St., N. Y. City.

A PLANING MILL OUTFIT FOR SALE very low for cash. Will sell all together or each machine separate. All first-class machines, good order. J. H. KERRICK & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

BOGARDUS' PATENT UNIVERSAL ECCENTRIC MILLS --For grinding Bones, Ores, Sand, Old Crucibles, Fire Clay, Guanos, Oil Cake, Feed, Corn, Corn and Cob, Tobacco, Snuff, Sugar, Salts, Roots, Spices, Coffee, Cocoanut, Flaxseed, Asbestos, Mica etc., and whatever cannot be ground by other mills. Also for Paints, Printers' Inks, Paste Blacking, etc. JOHN W. THOMSON, successor to JAMES BOGARDUS, corner of White and Elm Sts., New York.

$3 PRINTING PRESS

Print cards labels &c. (Self-inker $5) 13 larger sizes For business or pleasure, young or old. Do your own advertising and printing. Catalogue of presses, type, cards, &c., for 2 stamps. Kelsey & Co. Meriden, Conn.

HEKTOGRAPH Patents for the process of Dry Copying have been issued to us, dated May 18 and June 1, 1880. The Hektograph is now the only gelatine copying pad which can be used without infringing. All infringements will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. HEKTOGRAPH CO., 23 and 24 Church Street, New York.

THE TANITE CO.,

STROUDSBURG, PA. EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS.

LONDON--9 St. Andrews St., Holborn Viaduct, E. C. LIVERPOOL--42 The Temple, Dale St.

WOOD WORKING MACHINERY. PLANNING, MATCHING, MOLDING, MORTISING, TENONING, CARVING, MACHINES. BAND & SCROLL SAWS UNIVERSAL AND VARIETY WOOD WORKERS, &c &c. J. A. FAY & CO. CINCINNATI, O., U. S. A.

Metallic Shingles

Make the most DURABLE and ORNAMENTAL ROOF in the world. Send for descriptive circular and new prices to

IRON CLAD MANUFACTURING CO.,

22 CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK.

SHEPARD'S CELEBRATED $50 Screw Cutting Foot Lathe.

Foot and Power Lathes, Drill Presses, Scrolls, Circular and Band Saws, Saw Attachments, Chucks, Mandrels, Twist Drills, Dogs, Calipers, etc. Send for catalogue of outfits for amateurs or artisans.

H. L. SHEPARD & CO., 331, 333, 335. & 337 West Front Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WANTED.--FIRST-CLASS PARTIES IN cities to sell Wing's Fan Ventilators. A great success. Rare chance to make money. See SCI. AM., Jan. 31, 1880, or send for pamphlets, etc. L. J. WING, or THE SIMONDS MFG. CO., 50 Cliff Street, New York.

CENTENNIAL AND PARIS MEDALS.

Mason's Friction Clutches and Elevators.

"New and Improved Patterns." VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Providence, R. I., U. S. A.

BROWN'S PAT. SPLIT PULLEYS Shafts, Hangers,

At low prices. Largest assortment. A. & F. BROWN, 57, 59, & 61 Lewis St., New York.

OF THE

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

FOR 1880.

THE MOST POPULAR SCIENTIFIC PAPER IN THE WORLD.

* * * * *

VOLUME XLIII. NEW SERIES.

* * * * *

ONLY $3.20 A YEAR, INCLUDING POSTAGE. WEEKLY. 52 NUMBERS A YEAR.

* * * * *

THIS WIDELY CIRCULATED and splendidly illustrated paper is published weekly. Every number contains sixteen pages of useful information, and a large number of original engravings of new inventions and discoveries, representing Engineering Works, Steam Machinery, New Inventions, Novelties in Mechanics, Manufactures, Chemistry, Electricity, Telegraphy, Photography, Architecture, Agriculture, Horticulture, Natural History, etc.

ALL CLASSES OF READERS find in THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN a popular _resume_ of the best scientific information of the day; and it is the aim of the publishers to present it in an attractive form, avoiding as much as possible abstruse terms. To every intelligent mind, this journal affords a constant supply of instructive reading. It Is promotive of knowledge and progress in every community where it circulates.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.--One copy of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN will be sent for _one year_--52 numbers--postage prepaid, to any subscriber in the United States or Canada, on receipt of THREE DOLLARS AND TWENTY CENTS by the publishers; six months, $1.60; three months, $1.00.

CLUBS.--ONE EXTRA COPY of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN will be supplied gratis _for every club of five subscribers_ at $3.20 each; additional copies at same proportionate rate. Postage prepaid.

One copy of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and one copy of THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT will be sent for one year, postage prepaid, to any subscriber in the United States or Canada, on receipt of _seven dollars_ by the publishers.

The safest way to remit is by Postal Order, Draft, or Express. Money carefully placed inside of envelopes, securely sealed, and correctly addressed, seldom goes astray, but is at the sender's risk. Address all letters and make all orders, drafts, etc., payable to

MUNN & CO., 37 PARK ROW, NEW YORK.

TO FOREIGN SUBSCRIBERS.--Under the facilities of the Postal Union, the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is now sent by post direct from New York, with regularity, to subscribers in Great Britain, India, Australia, and all other British colonies; to France, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Russia, and all other European States; Japan, Brazil, Mexico, and all States of Central and South America. Terms, when sent to foreign countries, Canada excepted, $4, gold, for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 1 year; $9, gold, for both SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and Supplement for 1 year. This includes postage, which we pay. Remit by postal order or draft to order of Munn & Co, 37 Park Row, New York.

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THE "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 50 Gold St. New York.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Note:

_x_ indicates italic script.

Some archaic (Early American) spellings have been retained.

Flour, B. R. Pegram, Jr. ... 7,727, 7,728

7,727, 7,728 are as printed.

(TRADE MARKS.)

Error

'pecularities' corrected to 'peculiarities' "The distinctive peculiarities of this steamer are the very high steam pressure that she carries--..."

(Article 5: 'A REMARKABLE LITTLE STEAMER.')