Chapter C: W. LE COUNT, South Norwalk, Conn

WORKING MODELS

And Experimental Machinery, Metal or Wood, made to order by J. F. WERNER, 62 Center St., N. Y.

PATENTS

CAVEATS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, ETC.

Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, continue to examine Improvements, and to act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.

In this line of business they have had OVER THIRTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE, and now have _unequaled facilities_ for the preparation of Patent Drawings, Specifications, and the Prosecution of Applications for Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs. Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Trade Mark Regulations, Copyrights for Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness, on very moderate terms.

We send free of charge, on application, THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN HAND BOOK, an elegantly illustrated pamphlet of 48 pages, containing further information about Patents and how to procure them; directions concerning Trade Marks, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of Patents.

_Foreign Patents._--We also send, _free of charge,_ a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world. American inventors should bear in mind that, as a general rule, any invention that is valuable to the patentee in this country is worth equally as much in England and some other foreign countries.

Five patents--embracing Canadian, English, German, French, and Belgian --will secure to an inventor the exclusive monopoly to his discovery among about ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILLIONS of the most intelligent people in the world. The facilities of business and steam communication are such that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home. The expense to apply for an English patent is $75; German, $100; French, $100; Belgian, $100; Canadian, $50. Address

MUNN & CO., 37 Park Row, New York city.

PYROMETERS,

For showing heat of Ovens, Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues, Super-Heated Steam, Oil Stills, &c.

HENRY W. BULKLEY. Sole Manufacturer, 149 Broadway, New York.

$5 Outfit free. Salary guaranteed. Write at once to EMPIRE NOVELTY CO., 309 Broadway, New York.

TAYLOR'S M'F'G CO., WESTMINSTER, MD., Portable and Stationary Engine Builders, etc. Send for Cata.

STEAM PUMPS

Wright's Pat. Bucket Plungers are the best.

VALLEY MACHINE Co. Easthampton, Mass.

ROOTS' FORCE BLAST BLOWER,

FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED AT PARIS AND VIENNA,

SPEED ONLY 100 TO ??0 REV. PER M. SAVES HALF THE POWER REQUIRED FOR FAN.

P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manuf'rs, CONNERSVILLE, IND. S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen'l' Ag't, 6 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK.

ESTABLISHED 1844.

JOSEPH C. TODD,

(Formerly of Todd & Rafferty), ENGINEER AND MACHINIST. Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum, and Bagging Machinery, Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. Also Agent for the celebrated and improved Rawson & Rittinger Hoisting Engine, I will furnish specifications and estimates for all kinds of machinery.

Send for descriptive circular and price. Address

J. C. TODD, 10 Barclay St., New York, or Paterson, N. J.

GUILD & GARRISON,

34 to 44 First St., Williamsburgh, N. Y., Manufacturers of STEAM PUMPS for all purposes.

Also Vacuum Pumps, Vacuum Fans and Air Compressors.

NON-COMBUSTIBLE STEAM BOILER AND PIPE COVERING WITH "AIR SPACE" IMPROVEMENT.

Saves 10 to 20 per cent. CHALMERS SPENCE CO., Foot E. 9th St. N. Y.; 1202 N. 2d St., St. Louis, Mo.

NEW WOOD LATHE; ALSO SCROLL SAW. BOTH new and first-class. Send for circulars.

H. BICKFORD, Cincinnati, O.

ROCK-DRILLING MACHINES AND AIR COMPRESSORS

MANUFACTURED BY BURLEIGH ROCK DRILL CO. SEND FOR PAMPHLET. FITCHBURG MASS

MACHINISTS' TOOLS.

NEW AND IMPROVED PATTERNS. Send for new illustrated catalogue.

Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c.

NEW HAVEN MANUFACTURING CO.,

New Haven, Conn.

STEEL CASTINGS,

From 1/4 to 10,000 lbs. weight, true to pattern. An invaluable substitute for forgings, or for malleable iron castings requiring great strength.

Send for circular and price list to

CHESTER STEEL CASTING COMPANY, EVELINA STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

FULL SIZE PLANER SAW TOOTH 3 CENTS EACH

"OFFICE OF DICKINSON BROS., RIDGEWAY, ELK Co., PA., May 28th, 1877.

"Messrs. EMERSON, SMITH & Co. GENTS: We have been through four winters in frozen hemlock, cutting 20,000 feet of lumber per day with your Patent Planer Saw, averaging 75,000 feet with each set of 40 bits."

--> Mill Men and Sawyers, send your full address, plainly written, on a postal card, for Emerson's Hand Book of Saws, free, to

EMERSON, SMITH & CO., BEAVER FALLS, PA. Please name size and style of saw used.

Machines AND Wheels Guaranteed,

Send for Illustrated Circular,

_Weissport_, PA.

PERFECT NEWSPAPER FILE

The Koch Patent File, for preserving newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, has been recently improved and price reduced. Subscribers to the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT can be supplied for the low price of $1.50 by mail, or $1.25 at the office of this paper. Heavy board sides; inscription "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN," in gilt. Necessary for every one who wishes to preserve the paper.

Address

MUNN & CO.,

Publishers SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.

HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION & INSURANCE COMPANY.

W. B. FRANKLIN, V. PRES'T. J. M. ALLEN, PRES'T. J. B. PIERCE, SEC'Y.

PUNCHING PRESSES.

Drop Hammers and Dies, for working Metals, &c. THE STILES & PARKER PRESS CO., Middletown, Conn.

A PRACTICAL MACHINIST, WITH TEN years' experience as Foreman in one of the largest and most successful shops in the country, employing over four hundred men, wishes employment. Would be willing to invest a few thousand dollars in a safe and paying business. Address A. Foreman, P. O., Phila., Pa.

WANTED: Agents for the Automatic Gas Lighting Torch in every gas-burning town in the United States. Exclusive territory given. Sewing machine agents preferred. This Torch lights without matches. Address

THE STOCKWELL SELF-LIGHTING GAS BURNER CO., 89 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.

GUARDIOLA'S COFFEE & SUGAR MACHINERY

COFFEE, MALT, CORN, COCOA, AND GRAIN-DRYING MACHINE. COFFEE-HULLING AND POLISHING MACHINES. COFFEE-WASHING MACHINE. HELIX SUGAR EVAPORATOR.

MESSRS. C. ADOLPHE LOW & CO., 42 Cedar Street, MESSRS. MUNOZ & ESPRIELLA, 52 Pine Street, New York, are Mr. Guardiola's Agents, and they will give prompt attention to all orders for any of the above machines.

THE HOADLEY PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE.

WITH AUTOMATICAL CUT-OFF REGULATOR, AND BALANCED VALVE.

THE BEST AND MOST ECONOMICAL ENGINE MADE SEND FOR CIRCULAR

The J. C. HOADLEY CO. LAWRENCE, MASS.

STATE WHERE YOU SAW THIS.

EAGLE FOOT LATHES,

Improvement in style. Reduction in prices April 20th. Small Engine Lathes. Slide Rests, Tools, etc. Also Scroll and Circular Saw Attachments, Hand Planers, etc. Send for Catalogue of outfits for Amateurs or Artisans.

WM. L. CHASE & CO., 95 & 97 Liberty St., New York.

MILL STONES AND CORN MILLS.

We make Burr Millstones, Portable Mills, Smut Machines, Packers, Mill Picks, Water Wheels, Pulleys, and Gearing, specially adapted to Flour Mills.

Send for catalogue.

J. T. NOYE & SON, BUFFALO, N. Y.

F. ADEE & CO.'S PATENT LEAD STENCH TRAPS.

Positive protection against Sewer-gas. Best and cheapest. See illustration, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, April 14th.

Send for circular. F. ADEE, 275 Pearl St., N. Y.

ASBESTOS BOARD,

For Flange Joints, Cylinder Heads, Man-hole Plates, etc. The only genuine, strictly fire-proof, made from pure ITALIAN ASBESTOS. All sizes, from 1-32 to 1-4 inch.

H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK.

THE TANITE CO.,

STROUDSBURG, PA.

EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS.

GEO. PLACE, 121 Chambers St., New York Agent.

$3 PRINTING PRESS!

Prints cards, envelopes, etc., equal to _any_ press. Larger sizes for large work.

_Do your own printing and advertising and save money_. Excellent spare hour amusement for old or young. Or it can be made _money making_ business anywhere.

Send 3c. stamps for large catalogue to

KELSEY & CO., Manufacturers, Meriden, Conn.

NOTICE TO FOREIGN SUBSCRIBERS.

For the convenience of subscribers residing abroad, we have prepared the annexed table, exhibiting the subscription price of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT in the principal foreign currencies:

The prices here given | SCIENTIFIC | SCIENTIFIC | SCIENTIFIC are for one year's | AMERICAN | AMERICAN | AMERICAN and subscription, including | | SUPPLEMENT | SUPPLEMENT the postage. | | | together. ------------------------|-----------------|------------|-------------- Austria | S. Florins 9 | 13 | 20 Belgium | Francs 20 | 30 | 46 Denmark | Kroner 15 | 23 | 35 France | Francs 20 | 30 | 46 German Empire | R. M. 16 | 25 | 37 Great Britain | Shillings 16 | 24 | 36 Holland | H. F. 9 | 14 | 21 Italy | Francs 20 | 30 | 46 Norway | Kroner 15 | 23 | 35 Russia | Roubles 5 | 8 | 11 Sweden | Kroner 15 | 23 | 35 Switzerland | Francs 20 | 30 | 46 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Deposit either of the above amounts in any of the important post offices in Great Britain or Ireland, or in any country on the Continent of Europe, making the order payable to MUNN & Co., New York city, and send us the receipt, with the name of the sender, and the address to which the paper is to be mailed.

TUBE CLEANERS for cleaning Boiler Tubes. THE NATIONAL STEEL TUBE CLEANER CO. 814 E. 9th St., N. Y.

ALCOTT LATHES, for Broom, Rake and Hoe Handles. S. C. HILLS, 78 Chambers St. N. Y.

DROP FORGINGS AND SPECIAL MACHINERY, THE HULL & BELDEN CO., Danbury, Conn.

BEST DAMPER REGULATORS AND LEVERS GAUGE COCKS. MURRILL & KEIZER, 44 HOLLIDAY ST., BALTIMORE

TORPEDO VESSELS. BY MR. DONALDSON. A valuable paper, lately read before the United Service Institute. Being a full exposition of the Torpedo-boat system, from the earliest efforts to the present time. Giving dimensions and performances of the several sizes built by Thornycroft Bros. for the various governments, highly interesting trials of these boats, and experiences in war, and a description of the torpedoes used. 1 illustration. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 79. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers.

BOGARDUS' PATENT UNIVERSAL ECCENTRIC MILLS--For grinding Bones, Ores, Sand, Old Crucibles, Fire Clay, Guanos, Oil Cake, Feed, Corn, Corn and Cob, Tobacco, Snuff, Sugar, Salts, Roots, Spices, Coffee, Cocoanut, Flaxseed, Asbestos, Mica, etc., and whatever cannot be ground by other mills. Also for Paints, Printers' Inks, Paste Blacking, etc.

JOHN W. THOMSON, successor to JAMES BOGARDUS, corner of White and Elm Sts., New York.

LEHIGH UNIVERSITY.--TUITION FREE.

Civil, Mechanical, and Mining Engineering; Chemistry and Metallurgy; Full Classical Instruction; French and German; English Literature; International and Constitutional Law; Psychology and Christian Evidences.

For Registers, address the Rev. JOHN M. LEAVITT, D.D., President, Bethlehem, Penna.

DRILLS, Jigging Machines, etc. Illustrated catalogues sent FREE Address AMES M'F'G CO., Chicopee, Mass.

PHOSPHOR-BRONZE AND ITS APPLICATIONS. By ALEXANDER DICK. A series of valuable tests, showing the superiority of Phosphor-bronze over ordinary bronze. Old bronze and new compared. Phosphor-bronze under oft-repeated strains; also its adaptability to frictional purposes. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 79. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers.

PAINTS, ROOFING, STEAM PIPE AND BOILER COVERINGS, STEAM PACKING, _Sheathings, Fire, Acid_, and _Waterproof Coatings, Cements_, etc. Send for Samples, Illustrated Catalogues, Price Lists, etc.

87 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK.

FIFTY SYRUP RECIPES, FOR HOUSEHOLD purposes, Mineral Waters, etc., to wit: Simple Syrup, (2) Lemon Syrup, Mulberry Syrup, Vanilla Syrup, Vanilla Cream Syrup, (2) Cream Syrup, Ginger Syrup, Orange Syrup, (2) Pineapple Syrup, Nectar Syrup, Sherbet Syrup, Grape Syrup, Banana Syrup, (2) Coffee Syrup, Wild Cherry Syrup, Wintergreen Syrup, (2) Sarsaparilla Syrup, Maple Syrup, (2) Chocolate Syrup, Coffee Cream Syrup, Ambrosia Syrup, Hock and Claret Syrup, Solferino Syrup, Capsicum Syrup, Cherry Syrup, Strawberry Syrup, (2) Raspberry Syrup, Peach Syrup, Blackberry Syrup, Orgeat Syrup, Catawba Syrup, Milk Punch Syrup, Champagne Syrup, Sherry Cobbler Syrup, Excelsior Syrup, Fancy Syrup, Currant Syrup, Framboise Syrup, Maidenhair Syrup, Orange Flower Syrup, Cinnamon Syrup. How to make Syrups Frothy.

Colognes for the Sick Room, by GEO. LEIS. With recipes for the production of preparations that serve as pleasing perfumes, deodorizers, and cosmetic lotions.

All the above are contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 77. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers.

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THE "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 59 Gold St., New York.

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Transcriber's Note:

_x_ indicates italic script.

Some archaic (Early American) spellings have been retained.

Errata:

Article 13 ("CALLIN AND WILSON'S PROCESS OF UTILIZING TIN SCRAP.'"):

'thin' corrected to 'tin' "... the requisite quantity depending upon the thickness of the tin plate to be removed."

Article NQ (39): 'put' corrected to 'but' "... but plenty of good soap and warm water,..."

P. 16, Advert for 'ROOTS' FORCE BLAST BLOWER':

"SPEED ONLY 100 TO ??0 REV. PER M. SAVES HALF THE POWER REQUIRED FOR FAN."

figure obscured by address label:
('Journal of Pharmacy X 145 S 10th st.').