Chapter I: Front Matter

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES.

NEW YORK, MARCH 29, 1879.

Vol. XL., No. 13. [NEW SERIES.]

$3.20 PER ANNUM. [POSTAGE PREPAID.]

* * * * *

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.

ESTABLISHED 1845.

MUNN & CO., Editors and Proprietors.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT

NO. 37 PARK ROW, NEW YORK.

O. D. MUNN. A. E. BEACH.

TERMS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.

One copy, one year, postage included $3 20 One copy, six months, postage included 1 60

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Single copies of any desired number of the SUPPLEMENT sent to one address on receipt of 10 cents.

Remit by postal order. Address

MUNN & CO., 37 Park Row, New York.

THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT

is a distinct paper from the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. THE SUPPLEMENT is issued weekly. Every number contains 16 octavo pages, with handsome cover, uniform in size with SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Terms of subscription for SUPPLEMENT, $5.00 a year, postage paid, to subscribers. Single copies 10 cents. Sold by all news dealers throughout the country.

COMBINED RATES.--The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT will be sent for one year, postage free, on receipt of _seven dollars_. Both papers to one address or different addresses, as desired.

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ADDRESS MUNN & CO., 37 PARK ROW, N. Y.

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXPORT EDITION.

The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Export Edition is a large and splendid periodical, issued once a month. Each number contains about one hundred large quarto pages, profusely illustrated, embracing: (1.) Most of the plates and pages of the four preceding weekly issues of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, with its splendid engravings and valuable information; (2.) Commercial, trade, and manufacturing announcements of leading houses. Terms for Export Edition, $5.00 a year, sent prepaid to any part of the world. Single copies 50 cents. Manufacturers and others who desire to secure foreign trade may have large, and handsomely displayed announcements published in this edition at a very moderate cost.

The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Export Edition has a large guaranteed circulation in all commercial places throughout the world. Address MUNN & CO., 37 Park Row, New York.

VOL. XL., NO. 13. [NEW SERIES.] _THIRTY-FOURTH YEAR_.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MARCH 29, 1879.

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CONTENTS.

(Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk.)

Africa crossed again 193
Aluminum 197
Barometer, aneroid 201
Bolt, door, improved* 198
Bread, snow-raised 199
Buffalo, domestication of the 197
Carpet beetle, remedy for the 195
Chimney flues 198
Clocks, pneumatic 196
Cooper, Peter, as an inventor 193
Crusher, ore, novel* 194
Electricity, statical, phenom. in 194
Flour, banana 195
Furnace, imp., for burn'g garbage* 198
Hardware, English & American 201
Ice cave of Decorah, Iowa 196
Inventions, new agricultural 199
Iron, advance in 201
Light, albo-carbon 201
Magnetism, curious facts in 194
Motor, Gary, the* 196
Natural science, charms of 200
Neutral line, Gary's 196
Notes and queries 203
Patent laws 192
Patents, American, recent 194
Pen, stencil, new* 195
People, a strange 195
Phosphorescence 199
Plants protected by insects 201
Pleuro-pneumonia 192
Railway, Vesuvius 200
Reading and eyesight 199
Reading, taste for 193
Regulator, engine, novel* 195
Spain a field for machinery 193
Sponges, glass* 200
Table, ironing, new* 194
Telegraph, writing 196
Telegraph, writing, Cowper's 197
Telegraphy, ocean, progress of 195
Tiller, steam, new* 191
Tree, pottery 200
Vase, Greek, ancient* 199

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF

THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT

NO. 169,

FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 29, 1879.

Price 10 cents. For sale by all newsdealers.