Chapter XVII: Appendix: Definition of Leading Architectural Terms482

_Abacus_--the flat member at the top of a capital. _Apse_--the semicircular space at the end of a building. _Arcade_--a series of arches; is usually applied to the small ornamental arches only. _Barrel vault_--resembling the inside of a barrel. _Bead_--a small round moulding. _Boss_--a projecting ornament in a vault at the intersection of the ribs. _Canopy_--the head of a niche over an image; also the ornamental moulding over a door or window or tomb. _Capital_, _cap_--the head of a column, pilaster, etc. _Chamfer_--a sloping surface forming the bevelled edge of a square pier, moulding, or buttress, when the angle is said to be chamfered off. _Chevron_--an inflected moulding, also called zigzag, characteristic of Norman architecture. _Clere-story_ or _clear-story_--the upper story of a church, as distinguished from the triforium or blind story below it, in which the openings, though resembling windows, are usually blank or blind, not glazed. _Corbel_--a projecting stone to carry a weight, usually carved. _Crocket_--an ornament usually resembling a leaf half opened, and projecting from the upper edge of a canopy or pyramidal covering. The term is supposed to be derived from the resemblance to a shepherd's crook. _Crypt_--a vault beneath a church, generally beneath the chancel only, and sometimes used for the exhibition of relics. _Cusp_--an ornament used in the tracery of windows, screens, etc., to form foliation. _Dormer_--an upright window placed on a sloping roof, giving light to the chambers next the roof. _Fillet_--a small square band used on the face of mouldings. _Finial_--the ornament which finishes the top of a pinnacle, a canopy, or a spire, usually carved into a bunch of foliage. _Flying buttress_--an arch carried over the roof of an aisle from the external buttress to the wall of the clerestory, to support the vault. _Gargoyle_--a projected water-spout, often ornamented with grotesque figures. _Jambs_--the sides of a window opening or doorway. _Mullion_--the vertical bar dividing the lights of a window. _Ogee_--a moulding formed by the combination of a round and hollow. _Pier arches_--the main arches of the nave or choir resting on piers. _Pinnacle_--a sort of small spire usually terminating a buttress. _Piscina_--a water-drain in a church placed on the right-hand side of an altar for the use of the priest. _Plinth_--the projecting member forming the lower part of a base or of a wall. _Shaft_--a small, slender pillar usually attached to a larger one, or in the sides of a doorway or window. _Slype_--a passage leading from the transept to the chapter-house. _String-course_--a horizontal moulding or course of masonry, usually applied to the one carried under the windows of the chancel, both externally and internally. _Tooth ornament_--an ornament resembling a row of teeth, sometimes called dog's tooth and shark's tooth. _Transept_--the portion of a building crossing the nave and producing a cruciform plan. _Transition_--the period of a change of style, during which there is frequently an overlapping of the styles. _Transom_--the transverse horizontal piece across the mullions of a window. _Triforium_ or blind story--the middle story of a large church, over the pier arches and under the clerestory windows; it is usually ornamented by an arcade, and fills the space formed by the necessary slope of the aisle roofs. _Tympanum_--the space between the flat lintel of a doorway and the arch over it, usually filled with sculpture.

THE END.

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Skene's _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 365, 366.

[2] _Mediæval Architecture_, vol. i. p. 8.

[3] _Ibid._ pp. 8, 9, 26.

[4] _Ibid._ p. 145.

[5] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 1, 2.

[6] _Ibid._

[7] _Eccles. Arch. of Scot._ vol. i. pp. 1, 2.

[8] _Ibid._ pp. 175-190.

[9] _Ibid._ p. 28.

[10] _Ibid._ p. 28.

[11] _Ibid._ p. 178.

[12] _Eccles. Arch. of Scot._ vol. i. p. 191.

[13] _Ibid._ p. 192.

[14] _Ibid._

[15] _Eccles. Arch, of Scot._ vol. i. pp. 387, 388.

[16] _Ibid._ pp. 46, 47.

[17] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 1.

[18] _Ibid._ p. 3.

[19] _Ibid._ vol. i. p. 50.

[20] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, pp. 68, 69.

[21] _Ibid._ p. 70.

[22] _Eccles. Arch. of Scot._ vol. ii. p. 332.

[23] _Ibid._ vol. i. p. 57.

[24] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. 1-7.

[25] _Ancient Church and Parish of Abernethy_, p. 95.

[26] _Pictish Chronicle_, p. 201.

[27] _Amra Columcille_, pp. 29, 63.

[28] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 136, 137.

[29] Scott's _Marmion_.

[30] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 274.

[31] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 309, 310.

[32] _Scotichronicon_, bk. iv. c. 12.

[33] _Reg. Pri. S. And._ App. p. xxxi.

[34] Reeves's _British Culdees_, p. 41.

[35] _Church of Scotland: Past and Present_, vol. ii. pp. 309, 310.

[36] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 34.

[37] _Chronicle of the Picts and Scots_, p. 191.

[38] Lecture II. p. 24.

[39] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 190.

[40] _Ibid._ p. 186.

[41] Petrie's _Round Towers and Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland_.

[42] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 6-8.

[43] _Ibid._ p. 6

[44] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 16.

[45] _Ibid._ p. 19.

[46] _Ibid._ p. 26.

[47] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 184, 185.

[48] _Celtic Scotland_, ii. p. 186.

[49] _Historians of Scotland_, v. p. lxxxix.

[50] Vol. i. pp. 3-5.

[51] Sir James Marwick's _Charters and Documents relating to the City of Glasgow_, part i. p. dxxiii.

[52] Preface to _Register_, p. xxiv.

[53] Messrs. MacGibbon and Ross and Honeyman, architects.

[54] _The Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 229.

[55] _Ibid._

[56] _The Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 231.

[57] _Ibid._ p. 274.

[58] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, ii. p. 160.

[59] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 232.

[60] _Registrum Epis. Glas._ p. xxiv.

[61] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, ii. p. 161.

[62] _Ibid._

[63] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, ii. p. 161.

[64] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 267.

[65] _Eccles. Arch. of Scotland_, ii. p. 161.

[66] _Ibid._ pp. 161, 162.

[67] _The Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 324.

[68] See Professor Laurie's _Lectures_, pp. 136, 137.

[69] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, pp. 292-302.

[70] _Theiner_, p. 505; _Reg. Epis. Glasg._ ii. 470-473, 543, 544.

[71] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 265.

[72] MacGibbon and Ross, vol. ii. p. 162.

[73] _Ibid._

[74] See p. 23.

[75] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 108.

[76] _Ibid._ p. 277.

[77] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 291.

[78] _Ibid._ p. 305.

[79] _Ibid._ p. 317.

[80] _Ibid._ p. 304.

[81] Sir James Marwick's _Charters and Documents of Glasgow_, part i. p. xli.

[82] Dr. Rankin, vol. ii. p. 315.

[83] _Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis._

[84] Complete list in _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, pp. 190-197.

[85] Sir James Marwick's _Charters_, part. i. p. dxxiv.

[86] _Ibid._ p. v.

[87] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, pp. 375, 376.

[88] _Ibid._ p. 244.

[89] _Mediæval Architecture_, vol. ii. p. 200.

[90] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, p. 252.

[91] MacGibbon and Ross, vol. ii. p. 172.

[92] _Book of Glasgow Cathedral_, pp. 239, 240.

[93] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 165.

[94] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 405.

[95] _Ibid._ p. 408.

[96] Myln's _Lives of the Bishops of Dunkeld_, p. 38.

[97] _Ibid._ p. 44.

[98] Myln's _Lives of the Bishops of Dunkeld_, p. 46.

[99] _Ibid._ p. 56.

[100] _Ibid._ p. 66.

[101] _Scoti-Monasticon_, pp. 216, 217.

[102] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 31.

[103] _Ibid._ p. 47.

[104] _Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis_, p. x.

[105] _Ibid._

[106] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 379.

[107] _Reg._ p. xi.

[108] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 75.

[109] _View of the Diocese of Aberdeen_, p. 148.

[110] _Ibid._ p. 163.

[111] _Ecclesiastical Architecture_, vol. iii. p. 75.

[112] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 75.

[113] _Ibid._

[114] Preface to _Register_, pp. xlii., xliii.

[115] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 75.

[116] _Collections of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff_, p. 150.

[117] P. 104.

[118] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, p. 77.

[119] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 76.

[120] _View of the Diocese of Aberdeen_, p. 151.

[121] _Ibid._ p. 152.

[122] _Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis_, p. xii.

[123] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 369.

[124] _Registrum_, pp. xiii and 40.

[125] _Ibid._ p. xiii.

[126] _Ibid._

[127] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 121.

[128] P. xiii., No. 26.

[129] _Register_, No. 173, p. 204.

[130] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 52.

[131] _Ecclesiastical Architecture_, vol. ii. pp. 122, 123.

[132] _Ibid._ p. 125.

[133] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 50.

[134] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 145.

[135] _Life_, vol. ii. p. 437.

[136] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 397.

[137] _Ibid._

[138] _Ibid._

[139] Preface to the Brechin _Register_, p. vi.

[140] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 400.

[141] _Ibid._ pp. 400, 401.

[142] Dr. Rankin's _History_, vol. ii. p. 328.

[143] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 309.

[144] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 209.

[145] Miss Stokes, _Early Christian Architecture_, p. 73.

[146] _Scotland in Early Christian Times_, p. 45.

[147] _Ordnance Gazetteer_, vol. i. p. 187.

[148] _Early Christian Architecture in Ireland_, p. 5.

[149] _Scotland in Early Christian Times_, p. 41.

[150] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 213.

[151] _Ibid._ p. 212.

[152] _Ibid._

[153] Black's _Brechin_, pp. 253, 254.

[154] Preface to _Register_, p. xvii.

[155] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 402.

[156] _Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops_, p. 174.

[157] Reeves' _British Culdees_, p. 141.

[158] MacGibbon and Ross, vol. ii. p. 86.

[159] _Ibid._ vol. i. p. 174.

[160] _Ibid._ vol. ii. p. 89.

[161] _Lib. Ins. Missarum_, preface, p. xxix.

[162] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 92.

[163] _Ibid._

[164] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 102.

[165] _Edinburgh Lectures._

[166] Keith's _Scottish Bishops_, pp. 177-180.

[167] MacGibbon and Ross, vol. ii. p. 107.

[168] Keith's _Scottish Bishops_, p. 175.

[169] _History of His Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 243.

[170] _The Bishop's Walk_, p. 7.

[171] _Regist. de Dunf._, p. 3.

[172] Reeves' _Culdees_, p. 46.

[173] _The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 395.

[174] _Ibid._ p. 399.

[175] Mr. Neale.

[176] His diary for 1571 is published in the _Bannatyne Miscellany_, vol. iii. pp. 113-156.

[177] Keith's _Scottish Bishops_, p. 198.

[178] Cosmo Innes's "Records of the Bishopric of Caithness," _Bannatyne Miscellany_, vol. iii. p. 3.

[179] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 383.

[180] _Orig. Par._ vol. ii. part ii. p. 601.

[181] _Transactions of the Aberdeen Ecclesiological Society_ (1892), p. 36.

[182] _Transactions of the Aberdeen Ecclesiological Society_ (1892), p. 40.

[183] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 482.

[184] _Ibid._ p. 485.

[185] _Ibid._ p. 486.

[186] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. i. p. 69.

[187] _Ibid._ vol. ii. p. 408.

[188] Dr. Rankin, vol. ii. p. 350.

[189] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 265.

[190] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 83, 84.

[191] _Ibid._ p. 85.

[192] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 85-102.

[193] They were thence taken to Ireland.

[194] _Iona_, pp. 84, 85.

[195] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 414.

[196] _Register of the Great Seal_ (1634-1651), p. 708, No. 1903; _Origines Parochiales_, vol. ii. part i. p. 294.

[197] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 49.

[198] _Ibid._ pp. 57-59.

[199] _Ibid._ p. 74.

[200] _Transactions._

[201] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 421.

[202] _Ibid._ p. 426.

[203] Cf. Drummond's _West Highland Monuments_.

[204] _Celtic Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 92.

[205] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 266.

[206] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 266-273.

[207] _Ibid._ p. 273.

[208] Dr. Joseph Robertson's _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 39.

[209] Dr. Joseph Robertson's _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 40.

[210] MacGibbon and Ross's _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 259-262.

[211] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 273.

[212] _Ibid._ pp. 273-275.

[213] _Ibid._ p. 276.

[214] _Ibid._ p. 277.

[215] _Ibid._

[216] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 278.

[217] _Ibid._ p. 279.

[218] _Ibid._ p. 280.

[219] _Ibid._

[220] _Ibid._

[221] _Ibid._ p. 282.

[222] _Ibid._

[223] _Ibid._ p. 284.

[224] _Ibid._

[225] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 288.

[226] _Ibid._ p. 289.

[227] _Ibid._ p. 290.

[228] _Tennyson: A Memoir_, vol. ii. p. 280.

[229] Vol. iii. pp. 181-196.

[230] Dr. Cooper's Introduction to _Chartulary_, pp. xxv.-xxvi.

[231] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 426.

[232] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 427, 428.

[233] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 431.

[234] _Records of the University and King's College, Aberdeen_, p. xv.

[235] _Collections of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff_, p. 210.

[236] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. 287-289.

[237] _Ibid._ p. 295.

[238] _Transactions of the Aberdeen Ecclesiological Society_, sixth year (1891), p. 63 _et seq._ to p. 76.

[239] _Sermons and Addresses_, p. 29.

[240] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 151, also to p. 179.

[241] _St. Giles, Edinburgh, Church, College, and Cathedral_, p. 1.

[242] Of the early church, which stood on the site of the present _St. Cuthbert's_, Edinburgh, Dr. Skene has declared that "there is no doubt the church was founded by S. Cuthbert himself," and so there has been Christian worship there for over 1200 years (Rev. Dr. A. Wallace Williamson's paper in _Aberdeen Ecclesiological Transactions_, ninth year, p. 114).

[243] _Charters of the Collegiate Church of St. Giles_, p. iv.

[244] _Ibid._

[245] Dr. Lees' _St. Giles, Edinburgh_, p. 3.

[246] Introduction to _Charters_, p. v.

[247] _Ibid._ p. vi.

[248] _St. Giles_, p. 4.

[249] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 419.

[250] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 420.

[251] _Ibid._

[252] _Ibid._ p. 422.

[253] _Ibid._

[254] _Ibid._

[255] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 425.

[256] Dr Lees' _St. Giles_, p. 23.

[257] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 426.

[258] _Ibid._

[259] Introduction to _Charters_, p. xiv.

[260] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 430.

[261] Introduction to _Charters_, p. xv.

[262] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 434.

[263] _Ibid._ p. 436.

[264] No. 77, p. 106.

[265] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 441.

[266] Dr. Laing's Introduction to _Charters_, p. xxx.

[267] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 445.

[268] _Ib._ p. 446

[269] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, pp. 445-449.

[270] Intro. to _Charters_, p. xix.

[271] Dr. Lees' _St. Giles_, p. 273.

[272] Dr. Lees' _St. Giles_, p. 117.

[273] _Ibid._ pp. 124, 125.

[274] Calderwood's _History_, vol. iii. pp. 73, 257.

[275] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 454.

[276] _St. Giles_, p. 262.

[277] Very Rev. Dr. Cameron Lees.

[278] _St. Giles_, p. 270.

[279] _Ibid._ p. 214.

[280] Rankin, vol. ii. p. 361.

[281] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 199.

[282] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 36.

[283] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 298-309.

[284] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 313, 314.

[285] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 455.

[286] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, pp. 455-470.

[287] Fergusson's _History of Architecture_, vol. ii. p. 222.

[288] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 493.

[289] Hay's _Sacra Scotia_, p. 323.

[290] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 109.

[291] Rev. John Fergusson of Aberdalgie in _Scottish Antiquary_, January 1897, p. 137.

[292] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 116.

[293] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 116.

[294] _Ibid._ p. 121, and Lord High Treasurer's Accounts.

[295] _Ibid._ p. 122.

[296] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 125.

[297] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 132.

[298] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 330.

[299] _Ibid._ p. 138.

[300] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 450.

[301] _Ibid._ p. 450

[302] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 451.

[303] _Ibid._

[304] _Ibid._

[305] Professor Mitchell's _Scottish Reformation_, p. 96.

[306] _The Works of John Knox_, vol. i. p. 228.

[307] _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, p. 10.

[308] _Ibid._ p. 11.

[309] _Ibid._ p. 18.

[310] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, p. 27.

[311] _Modern Painters_, vol. i. p. 23.

[312] _Ibid._ vol. iii. p. 44.

[313] _Ibid._ vol. v. p. 206.

[314] _Oxford Lectures_, p. 27.

[315] Montalembert's _Monks of the West_, vol. ii. pp. 40, 41.

[316] The Augustinian order had also monasteries at Scone, Inchcolm, Lochleven, Isle of May, and Pittenweem, Blantyre, Cambuskenneth, Restennet, Canonby, and Inchaffray, as well as smaller houses at Loch Tay, Portmoak, Monymusk, St. Mary's Isle Priory at Trail, Rowadil, Oronsay, Colonsay, Inchmahome, Rosneath, Strathfillan, Scarinche, Abernethy (Perthshire); the _Premonstratensian_ order had also abbeys at Saulseat, Holywood, Whithorn, Tongland, Fearn; the _Benedictine_ order had also abbeys at Coldingham and Urquhart; the _Cluniacensian_ order had also abbeys at Crossraguel, Fail, and Dalmulin; the _Tyronensian_ order had also abbeys at Lesmahagow, Kilwinning, Lindores, Iona, and smaller houses at Dull, Fyvie, Inchkenneth, Rothesay (St. Mary's); the _Cistercian_ order had also abbeys at Newbattle, Dundrennan, Kinloss, Deir, Cupar, Glenluce, Culross, Balmerino, Sweetheart, and smaller houses at Saddel, Friars Carse (near Dumfries), Hassendean, Mauchline, Cadvan (in Dunbog), and Holm Cultram; the _order of Vallis Caulium_ had priories at Pluscardine, Beauly, and Ardchattan; the _Carthusians_ had houses at Perth and Makerstone (Roxburghshire). There were 14 religious houses belonging to the Trinity Friars, 12 to the Carmelites, 18 to the Dominicans, 7 to the Franciscans, 13 to the Observantines, 6 to the Knights of Malta, 16 to the Knights Templars.

[317] _Scottish Ordnance Gazetteer_, vol. vi. p. 300.

[318] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 54 _et seq._ to p. 72.

[319] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 68.

[320] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 71.

[321] _Ibid._ pp. 71, 72.

[322] Gordon's _Monasticon_, p. 156.

[323] Gordon's _Monasticon_, p. 158.

[324] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 401 _et seq._ to p. 414.

[325] _Ibid._ p. 403.

[326] Gordon's _Monasticon_, p. 254.

[327] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 448.

[328] _Monasticon_, p. 324.

[329] _Ibid._ p. 340.

[330] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 451 _et seq._ to p. 464.

[331] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 462.

[332] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 464.

[333] Introduction to _Registrum de Dunfermlyn_, p. 25.

[334] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 231.

[335] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 231.

[336] Introduction to _Registrum_, p. 25.

[337] _Monasticon_, p. 404.

[338] _Registrum_, p. 25.

[339] _Monasticon_, pp. 411, 412.

[340] _The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 234.

[341] _Ibid._ pp. 234, 238.

[342] _Ibid._ p. 238.

[343] _Ibid._

[344] _Ibid._

[345] _Scottish Abbeys and Cathedrals_, pp. 33, 34.

[346] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 238.

[347] _Ibid._ p. 241.

[348] _Ibid._

[349] _Ibid._

[350] _Ibid._ p. 242.

[351] Lindsay's _Chronicle of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 555.

[352] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 245.

[353] _Ibid._

[354] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 246-249.

[355] _Ibid._ pp. 251, 252.

[356] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 252-254.

[357] _History_, vol. i., year 1303-1304.

[358] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. p. 254.

[359] See p. 144.

[360] _Ecc. Arch. of Scot._ vol. i. pp. 254-256.

[361] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 1, 2.

[362] _Scotland in the Middle Ages_, p. 114.

[363] _Historical Sketches_, p. 109.

[364] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 26, 27.

[365] Kingsley's _Roman and Teuton_, pp. 204-206.

[366] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 58, 59.

[367] _Ibid._ p. 63.

[368] _Ibid._ p. 65.

[369] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 8.

[370] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 91.

[371] _Ibid._ p. 91.

[372] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 96.

[373] _Ibid._ p. 109.

[374] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 117.

[375] _Ibid._ p. 120.

[376] Page 19.

[377] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 8.

[378] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 142.

[379] _A Scots Mediæval Architect_, by P. MacGregor Chalmers, pp. 14, 15 (Scots Lore).

[380] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 144, 145.

[381] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 159, 160.

[382] _Ibid._ p. 165.

[383] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 205.

[384] See Laing's _Knox_.

[385] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 228, 229.

[386] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. 10-26.

[387] _Ibid._ p. 13.

[388] _Ibid._

[389] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 16.

[390] _Ibid._

[391] _Ibid._

[392] _Ibid._

[393] _Ibid._ p. 21.

[394] _Ibid._

[395] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 21.

[396] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 166.

[397] _Ibid._ p. 209.

[398] _Ibid._

[399] _The Abbey of Paisley_, pp. 211, 212.

[400] _Ibid._ p. 212.

[401] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. 25, 26.

[402] _Ibid._ p. 168.

[403] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 214.

[404] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 215.

[405] _Ibid._ p. 206.

[406] _Ibid._ p. 337.

[407] _Ibid._ p. 338.

[408] _Ibid._

[409] _The Abbey of Paisley_, p. 339.

[410] _Ibid._ p. 340.

[411] Introduction to _Reg. Cart. de Kelso_, i. p. viii.

[412] _Ibid._

[413] _Ibid._ p. xli.

[414] _Ibid._ pp. viii-xvi.

[415] _Ibid._ p. xliv.

[416] Introduction to _Reg. Cart. de Kelso_, pp. xliii, xliv.

[417] _Roxburgh, Selkirk, and Peebles_, by Sir George Douglas, Bart., pp. 284, 285.

[418] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 350-352.

[419] _Ibid._ p. 352.

[420] Introduction to _Chartulary_, p. xlix.

[421] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 353-361.

[422] _Ibid._

[423] _Ibid._

[424] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 356, 357.

[425] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 357, 358.

[426] _Ibid._ p. 359.

[427] _Ibid._ p. 360.

[428] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 360, 361.

[429] _Ibid._ p. 361.

[430] _Ibid._

[431] Hay's _History of Arbroath_, p. 27.

[432] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 31.

[433] _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, p. 161.

[434] _Ibid._

[435] _Ibid._ p. 171.

[436] _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, p. 159.

[437] _National Manuscripts_, part ii.

[438] See Principal Story's _Apostolic Ministry in the Scottish Church_, p. 197.

[439] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 31-35.

[440] _Ibid._ pp. 35-37.

[441] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 39.

[442] _Ibid._ pp. 39-41.

[443] _Ibid._ p. 41.

[444] _Ibid._

[445] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 43-45.

[446] _Ibid._ p. 45.

[447] _Ibid._ pp. 46, 48.

[448] _Ibid._ p. 48.

[449] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 50.

[450] Millar's _Arbroath and its Abbey_, p. 103.

[451] Pp. xxxi, xxxii.

[452] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 347.

[453] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 377.

[454] _Ibid._ p. 349.

[455] _Ibid._ p. 351.

[456] _Ibid._

[457] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 353, 356.

[458] _Ibid._ p. 356.

[459] _Ibid._ pp. 356, 357.

[460] Messrs. MacGibbon and Ross consider it probable that a fragment of the original north wall may have been preserved as the core of the present wall, and faced up on both sides with newer work (_Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 360, 361).

[461] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 361.

[462] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 362, 363.

[463] _Ibid._ p. 366.

[464] _Ibid._

[465] _Ibid._

[466] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 372.

[467] _Ibid._ p. 373.

[468] _Ibid._

[469] _Ibid._

[470] _Ibid._ p. 374.

[471] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 373, 374.

[472] _Ibid._ p. 375.

[473] _Ibid._

[474] _Ibid._ p. 377.

[475] As given in Monteith's _Theater of Mortality_ (1713)--earliest and most accurate reference.

[476] _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 378.

[477] See _Scots Lore_, Nos. 1-7.

[478] In this summary I am specially indebted to the _Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 175-477, vol. ii. pp. 5-559, vol. iii. pp. 7-533. The statements are much compressed on account of the limitations of the space at my disposal.

[479] _Life and Letters of Benjamin Jowett_, vol. ii. pp. 72, 73.

[480] _Burnet's History of my Own Time_ (Clarendon edition), vol. i. p. 246.

[481] _Life and Letters_, vol. ii. p. 71.

[482] Cf. Parker's _Introduction to Gothic Architecture_, 321-331; also _Glossary of Architecture_, vol. i.