Chapter XXI: Preached May 15, 1853

JOHN'S REBUKE OF HEROD.

"But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias, his
brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done,
added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison,"--Luke
iii. 19, 20.

The life of John the Baptist divides itself into three distinct periods. Of the first we are told almost nothing, but we may conjecture much. We are told that he was in the deserts till his showing unto Israel. It was a period probably, in which, saddened by the hollowness of all life in Israel, and perplexed with the controversies of Jerusalem, the controversies of Sadducee with Pharisee, of formalist with mystic, of the disciples of one infallible Rabbi with the disciples of another infallible Rabbi, he fled for refuge to the wilderness, to see whether God could not be found there by the heart that sought Him, without the aid of churches, rituals, creeds, and forms. This period lasted thirty years.

The second period is a shorter one. It comprises the few months of his public ministry. His difficulties were over; he had reached conviction enough to live and die on. He knew not all, but he knew something. He could not baptize with the Spirit, but he could at least baptize with water. It was not given to him to build up, but it was given to him to pull down all false foundations. He knew that the highest truth of spiritual life was to be given by One that should come after. What he had learned in the desert was contained in a few words--Reality lies at the root of religious life. Ye must be real, said John. "Bring forth fruits meet for repentance." Let each man do his own duty; let the rich impart to those who are not rich; let the publican accuse no man falsely; let the soldier be content with his wages. The coming kingdom is not a mere piece of machinery which will make you all good and happy without effort of your own. Change yourselves, or you will have no kingdom at all. Personal reformation, personal reality, _that_ was John's message to the world.

It was an incomplete one; but he delivered it as his all, manfully; and his success was signal, astonishing even to himself. Successful it was, because it appealed to all the deepest wants of the human heart. It told of peace to those who had been agitated by tempestuous passion. It promised forgetfulness of past transgression to those whose consciences smarted with self-accusing recollections. It spoke of refuge from the wrath to come to those who had felt it a fearful expectation to fall into the hands of an angry God. And the result of that message, conveyed by the symbol of baptism, was that the desert swarmed with crowds who owned the attractive spell of the power of a new life made possible. Warriors, paupers, profligates--some admiring the nobleness of religious life, others needing it to fill up the empty hollow of an unsatisfied heart; the penitent, the heart-broken, the worldly, and the disappointed, all came. And with them there came two other classes of men, whose approach roused the Baptist to astonishment.

The formalist, not satisfied with his formality, and the infidel, unable to rest on his infidelity--they came too--startled, for one hour at least, to the real significance of life, and shaken out of unreality. The Baptist's message wrung the confession from their souls. "Yes, our system will not do. We are not happy after all; we are miserable. Prophet, whose solitary life, far away there in the desert, has been making to itself a home in the mysterious and the invisible, what hast thou got to tell us from that awful other world? What are we to do?"

These things belong to a period of John's life anterior to the text. The prophet has been hitherto in a self-selected solitude, the free wild desert, opening his heart to the strange sights and sounds through which the grand voice of oriental nature speaks of God to the soul, in a way that books cannot speak.

We have arrived at the third period of his history. We are now to consider him as the tenant of a _compelled_ solitude, in the dungeon of a capricious tyrant. Hitherto, by that rugged energy with which he battled with the temptations of this world, he has been shedding a glory round human life. We are now to look at him equally alone; equally majestic, shedding by martyrdom, almost a brighter glory round human death. He has hitherto been receiving the homage of almost unequalled popularity. We are now to observe him reft of every admirer, every soother, every friend. He has been hitherto overcoming the temptations of existence by entire seclusion from them all. We are now to ask how he will stem those seductions when he is brought into the very midst of them, and the whole outward aspect of his life has laid aside its distinctive and peculiar character; when he has ceased to be the anchorite, and has become the idol of a court.

Much instruction, brethren, there ought to be in all this, if we only knew rightly how to bring it out, or even to paint in anything like intelligible colours the picture which our own minds have formed. Instructive, because human life must ever be instructive. How a human spirit contrived to get its life accomplished in this confused world: what a man like us, and yet no common man, felt, did, suffered; how he fought, and how he conquered; if we could only get a clear possession and firm grasp of _that_, we should have got almost all that is worth having in truth, with the technicalities stripped off, for what is the use of truth except to teach man how to live? There is a vast value in genuine biography. It is good to have real views of what Life is, and what Christian Life may be. It is good to familiarize ourselves with the history of those whom God has pronounced the salt of the earth. We cannot help contracting good from such association.

And just one thing respecting this man whom we are to follow for some time to-day. Let us not be afraid of seeming to rise into a mere enthusiastic panegyric of a man. It is a rare man we have to deal with, one of God's heroic ones, a true conqueror; one whose life and motives it is hard to understand without feeling warmly and enthusiastically about them. One of the very highest characters, rightly understood, of all the Bible. Panegyric such as we can give, what is it after he has been stamped by his Master's eulogy, "A prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet. Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist." In the verse which is to serve us for our guidance on this subject there are two branches which will afford us fruit of contemplation. It is written, "Herod being _reproved_ by John for Herodias."

Here is our first subject of thought. The truthfulness of Christian character.

And then next, he "shut up John in prison."

Here is our second topic. The apparent failure of religious life.

The point which we have to look at in this section of the Baptist's life is the truthfulness of religious character. For the prophet was now in a sphere of life altogether new. He had got to the third act of his history. The first was performed right manfully in the desert--that is past. He has now become a known man, celebrated through the country, brought into the world, great men listening to him, and in the way, if he chooses it, to become familiar with the polished life of Herod's court. For this we read: Herod observed John, that is, cultivated his acquaintance, paid him marked attention, heard him, did many things at his bidding, and heard him gladly.

For thirty long years John had lived in that far-off desert, filling his soul with the grandeur of solitude, content to be unknown, not conscious, most likely, that there was anything supernatural in him--living with the mysterious God in silence. And then came the day when the qualities, so secretly nursed, became known in the great world: men felt that there was a greater than themselves before them, and then came the trial of admiration, when the crowds congregated round to listen. And all that trial John bore uninjured, for when those vast crowds dispersed at night, he was left alone with God and the universe once more. That prevented his being spoilt by flattery. But now comes the great trial. John is transplanted from the desert to the town: he has quitted simple life: he has come to artificial life. John has won a king's attention, and now the question is, Will the diamond of the mine bear polishing without breaking into shivers? Is the iron prophet melting into voluptuous softness? Is he getting the world's manners and the world's courtly insincerity? Is he becoming artificial through his change of life? My Christian brethren, we find nothing of the kind. There he stands in Herod's voluptuous court the prophet of the desert still, unseduced by blandishment from his high loyalty, and fronting his patron and his prince with the stern unpalatable truth of God.

It is refreshing to look on such a scene as this--the highest, the very highest moment, I think, in all John's history; higher than his ascetic life. For after all, ascetic life such as he had led before, when he fed on locusts and wild honey, is hard only in the first resolve. When you have once made up your mind to that, it becomes a habit to live alone. To lecture the poor about religion is not hard. To speak of unworldliness to men with whom we do not associate, and who do not see _our_ daily inconsistencies, _that_ is not hard. To speak contemptuously of the world when we have no power of commanding its admiration, _that_ is not difficult. But when God has given a man accomplishments, or powers, which would enable him to shine in society, and he can still be firm, and steady, and uncompromisingly true; when he can be as undaunted before the rich as before the poor; when rank and fashion cannot subdue him into silence: when he hates moral evil as sternly in a great man as he would in a peasant, there is truth in that man. This was the test to which the Baptist was submitted.

And now contemplate him for a moment; forget that he is an historical personage, and remember that he was a man like us. Then comes the trial. All the habits and rules of polite life would be whispering such advice as this: "Only keep your remarks within the limits of politeness. If you cannot approve, be silent; you can do no good by finding fault with the great." We know how the whole spirit of a man like John would have revolted at that. Imprisonment? Yes. Death? Well, a man can die but once,--anything but not cowardice,--not meanness,--not pretending what I do not feel, and disguising what I do feel. Brethren, death is not the worst thing in this life; it is not difficult to die--five minutes and the sharpest agony is past. The worst thing in this life is cowardly untruthfulness. Let men be rough if they will, let them be unpolished, but let Christian men in all they say be sincere. No flattery, no speaking smoothly to a man before his face, while all the time there is a disapproval of his conduct in the heart. The thing we want in Christianity is not politeness, it is sincerity.

There are three things which we remark in this truthfulness of John. The first is its straightforwardness, the second is its unconsciousness, and the last its unselfishness. The straightforwardness is remarkable in this circumstance, that there is no indirect coming to the point. At once, without circumlocution, the true man speaks. "It is not lawful for thee to have her." There are some men whom God has gifted with a rare simplicity of heart, which make them utterly incapable of pursuing the subtle excuses which can be made for evil. There is in John no morbid sympathy for the offender: "It is not lawful." He does not say, "It is _best_ to do otherwise; it is unprofitable for your own happiness to live in this way." He says plainly, "It is wrong for you to do this evil."

Earnest men in this world have no time for subtleties and casuistry. Sin is detestable, horrible, in God's sight, and when once it has been made clear that it is not lawful, a Christian has nothing to do with toleration of it. If we dare not tell our patron of his sin we must give up his patronage. In the next place there was unconsciousness in John's rebuke. We remark, brethren, that he was utterly ignorant that he was doing a fine thing. There was no sidelong glance, as in a mirror, of admiration for himself. He was not feeling, This is brave. He never stopped to feel that after-ages would stand by, and look at that deed of his, and say, "Well done." His reproof comes out as the natural impulse of an earnest heart. John was the last of all men to feel that he had done anything extraordinary. And this we hold to be an inseparable mark of truth. No true man is conscious that he is true; he is rather conscious of insincerity. No brave man is conscious of his courage; bravery is _natural_ to him. The skin of Moses' face shone after he had been with God, but Moses wist not of it.

There are many of us who would have prefaced that rebuke with a long speech. We should have begun by observing how difficult it was to speak to a monarch, how delicate the subject, how much proof we were giving of our friendship. We should have asked the great man to accept it as a proof of our devotion. John does nothing of this. Prefaces betray anxiety about self; John was not thinking of himself. He was thinking of God's offended law, and the guilty king's soul. Brethren, it is a lovely and a graceful thing to see men natural. It is beautiful to see men sincere without being haunted with the consciousness of their sincerity. There is a sickly habit that men get of looking into themselves, and thinking how they are appearing. We are always unnatural when we do that. The very tread of one who is thinking how he appears to others, becomes dizzy with affectation. He is too conscious of what he is doing, and self-consciousness is affectation. Let us aim at being natural. And we can only become natural by thinking of God and duty, instead of the way in which we are serving God and duty.

There was lastly, something exceedingly unselfish in John's truthfulness. We do not build much on a man's being merely true. It costs some men nothing to be true, for they have none of those sensibilities which shrink from inflicting pain. There is a surly bitter way of speaking truth which says little for a man's heart. Some men have not delicacy enough to feel that it is an awkward and a painful thing to rebuke a brother: they are in their element when they can become censors of the great. John's truthfulness was not like that. It was the earnest loving nature of the man which made him say sharp things. Was it to gratify spleen that he reproved Herod for all the evils he had done? Was it to minister to a diseased and disappointed misanthropy? Little do we understand the depth of tenderness which there is in a rugged, true nature, if we think that. John's whole life was an iron determination to crush self in everything.

Take a single instance. John's ministry was gradually superseded by the ministry of Christ. It was the moon waning before the Sun. They came and told him that, "Rabbi, He to whom thou barest witness beyond Jordan baptizeth, and all men come unto Him." Two of his own personal friends, apparently some of the last he had left, deserted him, and went to the new teacher.

And now let us estimate the keenness of that trial. Remember John was a man: he had tasted the sweets of influence; that influence was dying away, and just in the prime of life he was to become _nothing_. Who cannot conceive the keenness of that trial? Bearing that in mind--what is the prophet's answer? One of the most touching sentences in all Scripture--calmly, meekly, the hero recognises his destiny--"He must increase, but I must decrease." He does more than recognise it--he rejoices in it, rejoices to be nothing, to be forgotten, despised, so as only Christ can be everything. "The friend of the bridegroom rejoiceth because he heareth the bridegroom's voice, this my joy is fulfilled." And it is _this_ man, with self so thoroughly crushed--the outward self by bodily austerities, the inward self by Christian humbleness--it is this man who speaks so sternly to his sovereign. "It is not lawful." Was there any gratification of human feeling there? Or was not the rebuke unselfish? Meant for God's honour, dictated by the uncontrollable hatred of all evil, careless altogether of personal consequences?

Now it is this, my brethren, that _we_ want. The world-spirit can rebuke as sharply as the Spirit which was in John; the world-spirit can be severe upon the great when it is jealous. The worldly man cannot bear to hear of another's success, he cannot endure to hear another praised for accomplishments, or another succeeding in a profession, and the world can fasten very bitterly upon a neighbour's faults, and say, "It is not lawful." We expect that in the world. But that this should creep among religious men, that _we_ should be bitter--that we, _Christians_, should suffer jealousy to enthrone itself in our hearts--that we should find fault from spleen, and not from love--that we should not be able to be calm and gentle, and sweet-tempered, when we decrease, when our powers fail--_that_ is the shame. The love of Christ is intended to make such men as John, such high and heavenly characters. What is our Christianity worth if it cannot teach us a truthfulness, an unselfishness, and a generosity beyond the world's?

We are to say something in the second place of the apparent failure of Christian life.

The concluding sentence of this verse informs us that John was shut up in prison. And the first thought which suggests itself is, that a magnificent career is cut short too soon. At the very outset of ripe and experienced manhood the whole thing ends in failure. John's day of active usefulness is over; at thirty years of age his work is done; and what permanent effect have all his labours left? The crowds that listened to his voice, awed into silence by Jordan's side, we hear of them no more. Herod heard John gladly, did much good by reason of his influence. What was all that worth? The prophet comes to himself in a dungeon, and wakes to the bitter conviction, that his influence had told much in the way of commanding attention, and even winning reverence, but very little in the way of gaining souls; the bitterest, the most crushing discovery in the whole circle of ministerial experience. All this was seeming failure.

And this, brethren, is the picture of almost all human life. To some moods, and under some aspects, it seems, as it seemed to the psalmist, "Man walketh in a vain shadow and disquieteth himself in vain." Go to any churchyard, and stand ten minutes among the grave-stones; read inscription after inscription recording the date of birth, and the date of death, of him who lies below, all the trace which myriads have left behind, of their having done their day's work on God's earth,--that is failure or--seems so. Cast the eye down the columns of any commander's despatch after a general action. The men fell by thousands; the officers by hundreds. Courage, high hope, self-devotion, ended in smoke--forgotten by the time of the next list of slain: that is the failure of life once more. Cast your eye over the shelves of a public library--there is the hard toil of years, the product of a life of thought; all that remains of it is there in a worm-eaten folio, taken down once in a century. Failure of human life again. Stand by the most enduring of all human labours, the pyramids of Egypt. One hundred thousand men, year by year, raised those enormous piles to protect the corpses of the buried from rude inspection. The spoiler's hand has been there, and the bodies have been rifled from their mausoleum, and three thousand years have written "failure" upon that. In all that, my Christian brethren, if we look no deeper than the surface, we read the grave of human hope, the apparent nothingness of human labour.

And then look at this history once more. In the isolation of John's dying hour, there appears failure again. When a great man dies we listen to hear what he has to say, we turn to the last page of his biography first, to see what he had to bequeath to the world as his experience of life. We expect that the wisdom, which he has been hiving up for years, will distil in honeyed sweetness then. It is generally not so. There is stupor and silence at the last. "How dieth the wise man?" asks Solomon: and he answers bitterly, "As the fool." The martyr of truth dies privately in Herod's dungeon. We have no record of his last words. There were no crowds to look on. We cannot describe how he received his sentence. Was he calm? Was he agitated? Did he bless his murderer? Did he give utterance to any deep reflections on human life? All that is shrouded in silence. He bowed his head, and the sharp stroke fell flashing down. We know that, we know no more--apparently a noble life abortive.

And now let us ask the question distinctly, Was all this indeed failure? No, my Christian brethren, it was sublimest victory. John's work was no failure; he left behind him no sect to which he had given his name, but his disciples passed into the service of Christ, and were absorbed in the Christian church. Words from John had made impressions, and men forgot in after years _where_ the impressions first came from, but the day of judgment will not forget. John laid the foundations of a temple, and others built upon it He laid it in struggle, in martyrdom. It was covered up like the rough masonry below ground, but when we look round on the vast Christian Church, we are looking at the superstructure of John's toil.

There is a lesson for us in all that, if we will learn it. Work, true work, done honestly and manfully for Christ, _never_ can be a failure. Your own work, my brethren, which God has given you to do, whatever that is, let it be done truly. Leave eternity to show that it has not been in vain in the Lord. Let it but be work, it will tell. True Christian life is like the march of a conquering army into a fortress which has been breached; men fall by hundreds in the ditch. Was their fall a failure? Nay, for their bodies bridge over the hollow, and over them the rest pass on to victory. The quiet religious worship that we have this day--how comes it to be ours? It was purchased for us by the constancy of such men as John, who freely gave their lives. We are treading upon a bridge of martyrs. The suffering was theirs--the victory is ours. John's career was no failure.

Yet we have one more circumstance which _seems_ to tell of failure. In John's prison, solitude, misgiving, black doubt, seem for a time to have taken possession of the prophet's soul. All that we know of those feelings is this:--John while in confinement sent two of his disciples to Christ, to say to Him, "Art thou He that should come, or do we look for another?" Here is the language of painful uncertainty. We shall not marvel at this, if we look steadily at the circumstances. Let us conceive John's feelings. The enthusiastic child of Nature, who had roved in the desert, free as the air he breathed, is now suddenly arrested, and his strong restless heart limited to the four walls of a narrow dungeon. And there he lay startled. An eagle cleaving the air with motionless wing, and in the midst of his career brought from the black cloud by an arrow to the ground, and looking round with his wild, large eye, stunned, and startled there; just such was the free prophet of the wilderness, when Herod's guards had curbed his noble flight, and left him alone in his dungeon.

Now there is apparent failure here, brethren; it is not the thing which we should have expected. We should have expected that a man who had lived so close to God all his life, would have no misgivings in his last hours. But, my brethren, it is not so. It is the strange truth that some of the highest of God's servants are tried with darkness on the dying bed. Theory would say, when a religious man is laid up for his last struggles, now he is alone for deep communion with his God. Fact very often says, "No--now he is alone, as his Master was before him, in the wilderness to be tempted of the devil." Look at John in imagination, and you would say, "Now his rough pilgrimage is done. He is quiet, out of the world, with the rapt foretaste of heaven in his soul." Look at John in fact. He is agitated, sending to Christ, not able to rest, grim doubt wrestling with his soul, misgiving for one last black hour whether all his hope has not been delusion.

There is one thing we remark here by the way. Doubt often comes from inactivity. We cannot give the philosophy of it, but this is the fact, Christians who have nothing to do but to sit thinking of themselves, meditating, sentimentalising, are almost sure to become the prey of dark, black misgivings. John struggling in the desert needs no proof that Jesus is the Christ. John shut up became morbid and doubtful immediately. Brethren all this is very marvellous. The history of a human soul _is_ marvellous. We are mysteries, but here is the practical lesson of it all. For sadness, for suffering, for misgiving, there is no remedy but stirring and doing.

Now look once more at these doubts of John's. All his life long John had been wishing and expecting that the kingdom of God would come. The kingdom of God is Right triumphant over Wrong, moral evil crushed, goodness set up in its place, the true man recognised, the false man put down and forgotten. All his life long John had panted for that; his hope was to make men better. He tried to make the soldiers merciful, and the publicans honest, and the Pharisees sincere. His complaint was, Why is the world the thing it is? All his life long he had been appealing to the invisible justice of Heaven against the visible brute force which he saw around him. Christ had appeared, and his hopes were straining to the utmost. "Here is the Man!" And now behold, here is no Kingdom of Heaven at all, but one of darkness still, oppression and cruelty triumphant, Herod putting God's prophet in prison, and the Messiah quietly letting things take their course. Can that be indeed Messiah? All this was exceedingly startling. And it seems that then John began to feel the horrible doubt whether the whole thing were not a mistake, and whether all that which he had taken for inspiration were not, after all, only the excited hopes of an enthusiastic temperament. Brethren, the prophet was well nigh on the brink of failure.

But let us mark--that a man has doubts--_that_ is not the evil; all earnest men must expect to be tried with doubts. All men who feel, with their whole souls, the value of the truth which is at stake, cannot be satisfied with a "perhaps." Why, when all that is true and excellent in this world, all that is worth living for, is in that question of questions, it is no marvel if we sometimes wish, like Thomas, to see the prints of the nails, to know whether Christ be indeed our Lord or not. Cold hearts are not anxious enough to doubt. Men who love will have their misgivings at times; that is not the evil. But the evil is, when men go on in that languid, doubting way, content to doubt, proud of their doubts, morbidly glad to talk about them, liking the romantic gloom of twilight, without the manliness to say--I must and will know the truth. That did not John. Brethren, John appealed to Christ. He did exactly what we do when we pray--and he got his answer. Our Master said to his disciples, Go to my suffering servant, and give him proof. Tell John the things ye see and hear--"The blind see, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to the poor the Gospel is preached." There is a deep lesson wrapped up in this. We get a firm grasp of truth by prayer. Communion with Christ is the best proof of Christ's existence and Christ's love. It is so even in human life. Misgivings gather darkly round our heart about our friend in his absence; but we seek his frank smile, we feel his affectionate grasp: our suspicions go to sleep again. It is just so in religion. No man is in the habit of praying to God in Christ, and then doubts whether Christ is He "that should come." It is in the power of prayer to realize Christ, to bring him near, to make you feel His life stirring like a pulse within you. Jacob could not doubt whether he had been with God when his sinew shrunk. John could not doubt whether Jesus was the Christ when the things He had done were pictured out so vividly in answer to his prayer. Let but a man live with Christ anxious to have his own life destroyed, and Christ's life established in its place, losing himself in Christ, that man will have all his misgivings silenced. These are the two remedies for doubt--Activity and Prayer. He who works, and _feels_ he works--he who prays, and _knows_ he prays, has got the secret of transforming life-failure into life-victory.

In conclusion brethren, we make three remarks which could not be introduced into the body of this subject. The first is--Let young and ardent minds, under the first impressions of religion, beware how they pledge themselves by any open profession to more than they can perform. Herod warmly took up religion at first, courted the prophet of religion, and then when the hot fit of enthusiasm had passed away, he found that he had a clog round his life from which he could only disengage himself by a rough, rude effort. Brethren whom God has touched, it is good to count the cost before you begin. If you give up present pursuits _impetuously_, are you sure that present impulses will last? Are you quite certain that a day will not come when you will curse the hour in which you broke altogether with the world? Are you quite sure that the revulsion back again, will not be as impetuous as Herod's, and your hatred of the religion which has become a clog, as intense as it is now ardent?

Many things doubtless there are to be given up--amusements that are dangerous, society that is questionable. What we give up, let us give up, not from quick feeling, but from principle. Enthusiasm is a lovely thing, but let us be calm in what we do. In that solemn, grand thing--Christian life--one step backward is religious death.

Once more we get from this subject the doctrine of a resurrection. John's life was hardness, his end was agony. That is frequently Christian life. Therefore, says the apostle, if there be no resurrection the Christian's choice is wrong; "If in this life only we have hope in Christ, then are we of all men most miserable." Christian life is not visible success--very often it is the apparent opposite of success. It is the resurrection of Christ working itself out _in_ us; but it is very often the Cross of Christ imprinting itself on us very sharply. The highest prize which God has to give here is martyrdom. The highest style of life is the Baptist's--heroic, enduring, manly love. The noblest coronet which any son of man can wear is a crown of thorns. Christian, _this_ is not your rest. Be content to feel that this world is not your home. Homeless upon earth, try more and more to make your home in heaven, above with Christ.

Lastly we have to learn from this, that devotedness to Christ is our only blessedness. It is surely a strange thing to see the way in which men crowded round the austere prophet, all saying, "Guide us, we cannot guide ourselves." Publicans, Pharisees, Sadducees, Herod, whenever John appears, all bend before him, offering him homage and leadership. How do we account for this? The truth is, the spirit of man groans beneath the weight of its own freedom. When a man has no guide, no master but himself, he is miserable; we want guidance, and if we find a man nobler, wiser than ourselves, it is almost our instinct to prostrate our affections before that man, as the crowds did by Jordan, and say, "Be my example, my guide, my soul's sovereign." That passionate need of worship--hero-worship it has been called--is a primal, universal instinct of the heart. Christ is the answer to it. Men will not do; we try to find men to reverence thoroughly, and we cannot do it. We go through life, finding guides, rejecting them one after another, expecting nobleness and finding meanness; and we turn away with a recoil of disappointment.

There is no disappointment in Christ. Christ can be our souls' sovereign. Christ can be our guide. Christ can absorb all the admiration which our hearts long to give. We want to worship men. These Jews wanted to worship man. They were right--man is the rightful object of our worship; but in the roll of ages there has been but one man whom we can adore without idolatry,--the Man Christ Jesus.

THE END.

_Spottiswoode & Co., Printers, New-street Square, London_

A SELECTION FROM THE NOTICES

OF

MR. ROBERTSON'S SERMONS,

AND OF THE

LIFE AND LETTERS OF F.W. ROBERTSON.

BY THE REV. STOPFORD A. BROOKE, M.A.

[BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, August, 1862.]

"For while hapless Englishmen complain in the papers, and in
private, in many a varied wail, over the sermons they have to
listen to, it is very apparent that the work of the preacher has
not fallen in any respect out of estimation. Here is a book which
has gone through as great a number of editions as the most popular
novel. It bears Mudie's stamp upon its dingy boards, and has all
those marks of arduous service which are only to be seen in books
which belong to great public libraries. It is thumbed,
dog's-eared, pencil-marked, worn by much perusal. Is it then a
novel? On the contrary, it is a volume of sermons. A fine, tender,
and lofty mind, full of thoughtfulness, full of devotion, has
herein left his legacy to his country. It is not rhetoric or any
vulgar excitement of eloquence that charms so many readers to the
book, so many hearers to this preacher's feet. It is not with the
action of a Demosthenes, with outstretched arms and countenance of
flame, that he presses his gospel upon his audience. On the
contrary, when we read those calm and lofty utterances, this
preacher seems seated, like his Master, with the multitude
palpitating round, but no agitation or passion in his own
thoughtful, contemplative breast. The Sermons of Robertson, of
Brighton, have few of the exciting qualities of oratory. Save for
the charm of a singularly pure and lucid style, their almost sole
attraction consists in their power of instruction, in their
faculty of opening up the mysteries of life and truth. It is pure
teaching, so far as that ever can be administered to a popular
audience, which is offered to us in these volumes."

[EDINBURGH CHRISTIAN MAGAZINE.]

"They are Sermons of a bold, uncompromising thinker--of a man
resolute for the truth of God, and determined in the strength of
God's grace to make that truth clear, to brush away all the
fine-spun sophistries and half-truths by which the cunning sins of
men have hidden it.... There must be a great and true heart, where
there is a great and true preacher. And in that, beyond everything
else, lay the secret of Mr. Robertson's influence. His Sermons
show evidence enough of acute logical power. His analysis is
exquisite in its subtleness and delicacy.... With Mr. Robertson
style is but the vehicle, not the substitute for thought.
Eloquence, poetry, scholarship, originality--his Sermons show
proof enough of these to put him on a level with the foremost men
of his time. But, after all, their charm lies in the warm, loving,
sympathetic heart, in the well-disciplined mind of the true
Christian, in his noble scorn of all lies, of all things mean and
crooked, in his brave battling for right, even when wrong seems
crowned with success, in his honest simplicity and singleness of
purpose, in the high and holy tone--as if, amid the discord of
earth, he heard clear, though far off, the perfect harmony of
heaven; in the fiery earnestness of his love for Christ, the
devotion of his whole being to the goodness and truth revealed in
him."

[CHURCH OF ENGLAND MONTHLY REVIEW.]

"It is hardly too much to say, that had the Church of England
produced no other fruit in the present century, this work alone
would be amply sufficient to acquit her of the charge of
barrenness.... The reputation of Mr. Robertson's Sermons is now so
wide-spread, that any commendation of ours may seem superfluous.
We will therefore simply, in conclusion, recommend such of our
readers as have not yet made their acquaintance, to read them
carefully and thoughtfully, and they will find in them more deeply
suggestive matter than in almost any book published in the present
century."

[MORNING POST.]

"They are distinguished by masterly exposition of Scriptural
truths and the true spirit of Christian charity."

[BRITISH QUARTERLY.]

"These Sermons are full of thought and beauty, and admirable
illustrations of the ease with which a gifted and disciplined mind
can make the obscure transparent, the difficult plain. There is
not a Sermon that does not furnish evidence of originality without
extravagance, of discrimination without tediousness, and of piety
without cant or conventionalism."

[ECLECTIC REVIEW.]

"We hail with unaffected delight the appearance of these volumes.
The Sermons are altogether out of the common style. They are
strong, free, and beautiful utterances of a gifted and cultivated
mind. Occasionally, the expression of theological sentiment fails
fully to represent our own thought, and we sometimes detect
tendencies with which we cannot sympathize: but, taken as a whole,
the discourses are fine specimens of a high order of preaching."

[GUARDIAN.]

"Very beautiful in feeling, and occasionally striking and forcible
in conception to a remarkable degree.... Even in the imperfect
shape in which their deceased author left them, they are very
remarkable compositions."

[CHRISTIAN REMEMBRANCER.]

"We should be glad if all preachers more united with ourselves,
preached such Sermons as these."

[WESTMINSTER REVIEW.]

"To those who affectionately remember the author, they will
recall, though imperfectly, his living eloquence and his living
truthfulness."

[GLOBE.]

"Mr. Robertson, of Brighton, is a name familiar to most of us, and
honoured by all to whom it is familiar. A true servant of Christ,
a bold and heart-stirring preacher of the Gospel, his teaching was
unlike the teaching of most clergymen, for it was beautified and
intensified by genius. New truth, new light, streamed from each
well-worn text when he handled it."

[BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.]

"When teaching of this description keeps the popular ear and
secures the general attention, it is unquestionable proof that the
office of the preacher has, in no way, lost its hold on the mind
of the people. The acceptance of a voice so unimpassioned and
thoughtful, so independent of all vulgar auxiliaries, so intent
upon bringing every theme it touches to the illustration and
sanctifying of the living life of the hour, that which alone can
be mended, and purified, and sanctified, is a better tribute to
the undying office of the preacher than the success of a hundred
Spurgeons. Attention and interest are as eager as ever where there
is in reality any instruction to bestow."

[LITERARY GAZETTE.]

"In earnestness of practical appeal, and in eloquent and graceful
diction, Mr. Robertson has few rivals, and these characteristics
are sufficient to account for his unusual popularity."

[NATIONAL REVIEW.]

"A volume of very fine Sermons, quite equal to the previous
series."

[BRIGHTON EXAMINER.]

"There is in the Sermons in this volume the same freshness, vigour
of thought and felicity of expression, as characterised whatever
Mr. Robertson said."

[ECONOMIST.]

"Mr. Robertson's Sermons have the great and rare merit of
neutralising by a more charitable and affectionate spirit, and by
a wider intelligence, all that may appear rigid and _doctrinaire_
in the Church of England. The result seems to have been his
special mission: it most fully explains the mind of the man.... We
recommend the Sermons to the perusal of our readers. They will
find in them thought of so rare and beautiful a description, an
earnestness of mind so steadfast in the search of truth, and a
charity so pure and all-embracing, that we cannot venture to offer
praise, which would be, in this case, almost as presumptuous as
criticism."

[SATURDAY REVIEW.]

"When Mr. Robertson died, his name was scarcely known beyond the
circle of his own private friends, and of those among whom he had
laboured in his calling. Now, every word he wrote is eagerly
sought for and affectionately treasured up, and meets with the
most reverent and admiring welcome from men of all parties and all
shades of opinion.... To those that find in his writings what they
themselves want, he is a teacher quite beyond comparison--his
words having a meaning, his thoughts a truth and depth, which they
cannot find elsewhere. And they never look to him in vain.... He
fixes himself upon the recollection as a most original and
profound thinker, and as a man in whom excellence puts on a new
form.... There are many persons, and the number increases every
year, to whom Robertson's writings are the most stable,
satisfactory, and exhaustless form of religious teaching which the
nineteenth century has given--the most wise, suggestive, and
practical."

[BRIGHTON HERALD.]

"To our thinking, no compositions of the same class, at least
since the days of Jeremy Taylor, can be compared with these
Sermons delivered to the congregation of Trinity Chapel, Brighton,
by their late minister. They have that power over the mind which
belongs only to the highest works of genius: they stir the soul to
its inmost depths: they move the affections, raise the
imagination, bring out the higher and spiritual part of our nature
by the continual appeal that is made to it, and tend to make us,
at the same time, humble and aspiring--merciful to others and
doubtful of ourselves."

[From a SERMON preached at the CONSECRATION of the BISHOP of NORWICH, by the REV. J.H. GURNEY, late of MARYLEBONE.]

"I do not commit myself to all his theology; I may differ from the
preacher in some things, and listen doubtfully to others. But I
know of no modern sermons at once so suggestive and so
inspiriting, with reference to the whole range of Christian duty.
He is fresh and original without being recondite: plain-spoken
without severity; and discusses some of the exciting topics of the
day without provoking strife or lowering his tone as a Christian
teacher. He delivers his message, in fact, like one who is
commissioned to call men off from trifles and squabbles, and
conventional sins and follies, to something higher and nobler than
their common life: like a man in earnest, too, avoiding
technicalities, speaking his honest mind in phrases that are his
own, and with a directness from which there is no escape. O that a
hundred like him were given us by God, and placed in prominent
stations throughout our land!"

[GUARDIAN.]

"Without anything of that artificial symmetry which the
traditional division into heads was apt to display, they present
each reflection in a distinct method of statement, clearly and
briefly worked out; the sentences are short and terse, as in all
popular addresses they should be; the thoughts are often very
striking, and entirely out of the track of ordinary sermonising.
In matters of doctrine such novelty is sometimes unsafe; but the
language is that of one who tries earnestly to penetrate into the
very centre of the truth he has to expound, and differs as widely
as possible from the sceptic's doubt or the controversialist's
mistake. More frequently Mr. Robertson deals with questions of
practical life, of public opinion, and of what we may call social
casuistry--turning the light of Christian ethics upon this
unnoticed though familiar ground. The use of a carriage on Sunday,
the morality of feeing a railway porter against his employers'
rules, are topics not too small for illustration or application of
his lessons in divine truth."

[BRIGHTON GAZETTE.]

"As an author, Mr. Robertson was, in his lifetime, unknown; for
with the exception of one or two addresses, he never published,
having a singular disinclination to bring his thoughts before the
public in the form of published sermons. As a minister, he was
beloved and esteemed for his unswerving fidelity to his principles
and his fearless propagation of his religious views. As a
townsman, he was held in the highest estimation; his hand and
voice being ever ready to do all in his power to advance the moral
and social position of the working man. It was not till after his
decease, which event created a sensation and demonstration such as
Brighton never before or since witnessed, that his works were
subjected to public criticism. It was then found that in the
comparatively retired minister of Trinity Chapel there had existed
a man possessed of consummate ability and intellect of the highest
order; that the sermons laid before his congregation were replete
with the subtleties of intellect, and bore evidence of the keenest
perception and most exalted catholicity. His teaching was of an
extremely liberal character, and if fair to assign a man possessed
of such a universality of sympathy to any party, we should say
that he belonged to what is denominated the 'Broad Church.' We,
with many others, cannot agree in the fullest extent of his
teaching, but, at the same time, feel bound to accord the tribute
due to his genius."

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]

"A volume of very excellent Sermons, by the late lamented
Incumbent of Trinity Chapel, Brighton."

[TITAN.]

"But the Sermons now under notice are, we venture to say, taking
all the circumstances into consideration, the most remarkable
discourses of the age.... They are throughout vital with the
rarest force, burning with an earnestness perhaps never surpassed,
and luminous with the light of genius.... We suspect that even
Brighton little knew what a man Providence had placed in its
midst."

* * * * *

On the "_Analysis of Mr. Tennyson's In Memoriam_:"--

[GUARDIAN.]

"An endeavour to give, in a few weighty words, the key-note (so to
speak) of each poem in the series. Those will best appreciate the
amount of success attained by Mr. Robertson who try to do the same
work better."

* * * * *

From a few of the Notices on Mr. Robertson's "_Lecture on the Epistles to the Corinthians_:"--

[MORNING POST.]

"It was Mr. Robertson's custom every Sunday afternoon, instead of
preaching from one text, to expound an entire chapter of some book
in the Scriptures. The present volume is made up from notes of
fifty-six discourses of this kind. 'Some people were startled by
the introduction of what they called secular subjects into the
pulpit. But the lecturer in all his ministrations refused to
recognize the distinction so drawn. He said that the whole life of
a Christian was sacred--that common every-day doings, whether of a
trade, or of a profession, or the minuter details of a woman's
household life, were the arenas in which trial and temptation
arose; and that therefore it became the Christian minister's duty
to enter into this family working life with his people, and help
them to understand its meaning, its trials, and its
compensations.' It is enough to add that the lectures now given to
the public are written in this spirit."

[CRITIC.]

"Such discourses as these before us, so different from the shallow
rhapsodies or tedious hair-splitting which are now so much in
vogue, may well make us regret that Mr. Robertson can never be
heard again in the pulpit. This single volume would in itself
establish a reputation for its writer."

[BRIGHTON HERALD.]

"... Were there no name on the title-page, the spirit which,
shines forth in these lectures could but be recognized as that of
the earnest, true-hearted man, the deep thinker, the sympathizer
with all kinds of human trouble, the aspirant for all things holy,
and one who joined to these rare gifts, the faculty of speaking to
his fellow-men in such a manner as to fix their attention and win
their love.... In whatever spirit the volume is read--of doubt, of
criticism, or of full belief in the truths it teaches--it can but
do good; it can but leave behind the conviction that here was a
genuine, true-hearted man, gifted with the highest intellect,
inspired by the most disinterested motives and the purest love for
his fellow-men, and that the fountain at which he warmed his heart
and kindled his eloquence was that which flows from Christ."

[BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW.]

"This volume will be a welcome gift to many an intelligent and
devout mind. There are few of our modern questions, theological or
ecclesiastical, that do not come up for discussion in the course
of these Epistles to the Christians at Corinth."

[MORNING HERALD.]

"No one can read these lectures without being charmed by their
singular freshness and originality of thought, their earnest,
simple eloquence, and their manly piety. There is no mawkish
sentiment, no lukewarm, semi-religious twaddle, smacking of the
_Record_; no proclamation of party views or party opinions, but a
broad, healthy, living, and fervent exposition of one of the most
difficult books in the Bible. Every page is full of personal
earnestness and depth of feeling; but every page is also free from
the slightest trace of vanity and egotism. The words come home to
the reader's heart as the utterance of a sincere man who felt
every sentence which flowed from his lips."

[PRESS.]

"One of the most marked features of these lectures is the deep
feeling which the preacher had of the emptiness and hollowness of
the conventional religionism of the day. The clap-trap of popular
ministers, the pride and uncharitableness of exclusive
Evangelicalism, the pomp and pretension of ritualism and priestly
affectation--the miserable Pharisaism which is lurking underneath
them all--form the subject of many strikingly true and often
cutting remarks. He has no patience with the unrealities of
sectarian purism and pedantic orthodoxy. His constant cry, the
constant struggle of his soul is for reality. Hence while his
views of objective truth are at times deficient, or, at least,
very imperfectly stated, he leaves a deep impress of subjective
religion upon the mind, by a style of teaching which, far from
uninstructive, is yet more eminently suggestive."

[THE SPECTATOR.]

"The _Notes on Genesis_--sketches more or less full of lectures on
Genesis, delivered by Mr. Robertson--will be welcomed by the many
who have read, with a profound interest, those writings of his
which have already been given to the world.... Few will be able to
read this volume without having brought before them certain
passages out of their own lives, which they will be compelled to
reconsider from a fresh point of view. As an interpreter of
Scripture also, Mr. Robertson nowhere appears to greater
advantage. While not ignoring difficult points, he is always
looking for, and never fails to find, that which is profitable and
edifying."

From a few of the Notices on Mr. Robertson's "_The Human Race and other Sermons_."

[THE ACADEMY.]

"It need not be said that there is here much that is beautiful and
happily expressed."

[THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW.]

"The volume is as fresh and striking and suggestive as any of its
predecessors. For unconventional and spiritual conceptions of
Bible teachings; for unexpected, penetrating, and practical
applications of them, and for general spiritual truth and force,
these Sermons and Notes of Sermons are as noble as their
predecessors."

[THE ENGLISH CHURCHMAN.]

"We are glad to see the publication of the eloquent Sermons now
before us, especially those of a devout and practical character,
such as those on the human race and education."

[THE CHRISTIAN WORLD.]

"These Sermons exhibit many of those features of unsurpassable
excellence which have gained for the preacher a reputation which
has had no equal in our time. They are full of thought and
suggestiveness, and are marked by that rare beauty of style which
Mr. Robertson's readers have learned to associate with all his
Sermons. His devoted admirers--and how numerous they are--will be
sure to place this new volume upon their shelves."

A SELECTION FROM THE

NOTICES BY THE PRESS OF

"THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF THE LATE

REV. F.W. ROBERTSON."

[THE SPECTATOR.]

"No book published since the 'Life of Dr. Arnold' has produced so
strong an impression on the moral imagination and spiritual
theology of England as we may expect from these volumes. Even for
those who knew Mr. Robertson well, and for many who knew _him_, as
they thought, better than his Sermons, the free and full
discussion of the highest subjects in the familiar letters so
admirably selected by the Editor of Mr. Robertson's _Life_, will
give a far clearer insight into his remarkable character and
inspire a deeper respect for his clear and manly intellect. Mr.
Brooke has done his work as Dr. Stanley did his in writing the
'Life of Arnold,' and it is not possible to give higher praise....
Everyone will talk of Mr. Robertson, and no one of Mr. Brooke,
because Mr. Brooke has thought much of his subject, nothing of
himself, and hence the figure which he wished to present comes out
quite clear and keen, without any interposing haze of literary
vapour."

[THE CHRISTIAN WORLD.]

"The Life of Robertson of Brighton supplies a very unique
illustration of the way in which a man may attain his highest fame
after he has passed away from earth. There are few who make any
pretension to an acquaintance with modern literature who do not
know something of Mr. Robertson's works. His sermons are
indisputably ranked with the highest sacred classics.... The
publication of his 'Life and Letters' helps us to some information
which is very precious, and explains much mystery that hangs
around the name of the great Brighton preacher. It will be
generally admitted that these two volumes will furnish means for
estimating the character of Mr. Robertson which are not supplied
in any or all of his published works.... There was no
artificiality or show about the pulpit production, no
half-utterances or whispers of solemn belief; but there was the
natural restraint which would be imposed by a true gentleman upon
his words when speaking to mixed congregations. Many of us wanted
to know how he talked and wrote when the restraint was removed.
This privilege is granted to us in these volumes.... There was no
romance of scene and circumstance in the life of Frederick
Robertson; but there was more than romance about the real life of
the man. In some respects it was like the life of a new Elijah....
A more thoughtful, suggestive, and beautiful preacher never
entered a pulpit; a simpler and braver man never lived; a truer
Christian never adorned any religious community. His life and
death were _vicarious_, as he himself might have put it. He lived
and died for others, for us all. The sorrows and agonies of his
heart pressed rare music out of it, and the experience of a
terribly bitter life leaves a wealth of thought and reflection
never more than equalled in the history of men."

[THE GUARDIAN.]

"With all drawbacks of what seem to us imperfect taste, an
imperfect standard of character, and an imperfect appreciation of
what there is in the world beyond a given circle of interest, the
book does what a biography ought to do--it shows us a remarkable
man, and it gives us the means of forming our own judgment about
him. It is not a tame panegyric or a fancy picture. The main
portion of the book consists of Mr. Robertson's own letters, and
his own account of himself, and we are allowed to see him, in a
great degree at least, as he really was.... It is the record of a
genuine spontaneous character, seeking its way, its duty, its
perfection, with much sincerity and elevation of purpose, many
anxieties and sorrows, and not, we doubt not, without much of the
fruits that come with real self-devotion; a record disclosing a
man with great faults and conspicuous blanks in his nature."

[THE MORNING POST.]

"Mr. Brooke has done good service in giving to the world so
faithful a sketch of so worthy a man. It would have been a
reproach to the Church if this enduring and appropriate memorial
had not been erected to one who was so entirely devoted to its
service; and the labour of love, for such it evidently was, was
committed to no unskilful hands.... Mr. Robertson's epistolary
writings--gathered in these valuable volumes--often unstudied,
always necessarily from their nature free and unrestrained, but
evidencing depth and vigour of thought, clear perception, varied
knowledge, sound judgment, earnest piety, are doubtless destined
to become as widely known and as largely beneficial as his
published Sermons. It is impossible to peruse them without
receiving impressions for good, and being persuaded that they are
the offspring of no ordinary mind."

[THE MORNING HERALD.]

"Mr. Brooke has done his own work as a biographer with good sense,
feeling, and taste.... These volumes are of real value to all
thoughtful readers. For many a year we have had no such picture of
a pure and noble and well spent life."

[THE ATHENÆUM.]

"There is something here for all kinds of readers, but the higher
a man's mind and the more general his sympathies, the keener will
be his interest in the 'Life of Robertson.'"

[THE NONCONFORMIST.]

"As no English sermons of the century have been so widely read,
and as few leaders of religious thought have exerted (especially
by works in so much of an unperfected and fragmentary character)
so penetrating and powerful an influence on the spiritual
tendencies of the times, we can well believe that no biography
since Arnold's will presently be possible to be compared with
this, for the interest excited by it in the minds of readers who
consciously live in the presence of the invisible and eternal, who
feel the pressure of difficult questions and painful experiences,
and who seek reality and depth, and freedom in the life and
activity of the Church of Christ.... Mr. Brooke has produced a
'Life of Robertson' which will not unworthily compare with Dean
Stanley's 'Life of Arnold,' and which, with that, and Ryland's
'Life of Foster,' and the 'Life of Channing,' is likely to be
prized as one of the most precious records of genuine manly and
godly excellence."

[THE MORNING STAR.]

"The beautiful work which Mr. Brooke has written contains few, if
any, romantic episodes. It is the life of a man who worked hard
and died early.... Mr. Brooke has acted wisely in allowing Mr.
Robertson to speak so fully for himself, and in blending his
letters with his narrative, and arranging them in chronological
order. These letters are in themselves a mine of intellectual
wealth. They contain little of table-talk or parlour gossip: but
they abound with many of his best and most ripened thoughts on
multitudes of subjects, political, literary, and scientific, as
well as theological. We wish we could present our readers with
extracts from them; but even if we had space, it would be unfair
to the writer to quote disjointed fragments from a correspondence
which now belongs to the literature of the country.... Mr. Brooke
has performed his responsible task as a biographer and an editor
in a spirit of just and discriminating appreciation, and with
admirable ability."

LONDON: PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET