Chapter II: Appendix: An Abridged Dictionary of Nautical Words

and Expressions 295

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The Caravels of Columbus _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

An Egyptian Boat of 6000 B. C. 3

A Large Egyptian Ship of the 18th Dynasty 5

A Peruvian Balsa 7

An African Dugout 9

An Eskimo Umiak 11

An Eskimo Kayak 13

A Birch-bark Canoe 15

An Outrigger Canoe 17

A Phœnician Bireme 19

A Greek Trireme 21

Seating Arrangement of Rowers in a Greek Trireme 25

An early 16th-Century Ship 27

A Mediterranean Galley 31

An Egyptian Boat of the 5th Dynasty 35

An Egyptian Ship of the 12th Dynasty 37

A Roman Ship 39

A Viking Ship 41

A 13th-Century English Ship 43

A Galleon of the Time of Elizabeth 45

The _Amaranthe_ 49

A 16th-Century Dutch Boat 51

A Corvette of 1780 53

A British East Indiaman 57

A Black Ball Packet 59

A Whaling Bark 61

The _Red Jacket_ 63

The _Great Republic_ 65

The _Ariel_, 1866 67

A Gloucester Fisherman 69

An American Coasting Schooner 71

The _Charlotte Dundas_ 77

Robert Fulton’s _Clermont_ 79

The _Savannah_ 81

The _Great Britain_ 83

The _Great Eastern_ 85

The Steamship _Oceanic_ 89

The _Deutschland_ 93

The _Majestic_ 97

The _Leviathan_ 99

The _Berengaria_ 101

The _Mauretania_ 105

The _Belgenland_ 107

The _George Washington_ 111

The _Homeric_ 115

A Mail Liner 119

An American Intermediate Liner 121

A Cargo Liner 123

A Tramp Steamer 125

An Oil Tanker 129

A Turret Steamer 131

A Whaleback 135

A Great Lakes Freight Carrier 137

An English Warship of the Time of Henry V 141

A British Line-of-Battle Ship, 1790 143

The American Frigate _Constitution_ 145

A Steam Frigate—the U. S. S. _Hartford_ 146

The _Monitor_ 147

The _Merrimac_ 149

A Torpedo Boat 151

H. M. S. _Dreadnaught_ 153

A Submarine 155

A Modern Destroyer 157

A Modern Super-dreadnaught 159

A Battle Cruiser 161

A Scout Cruiser 163

An Airplane View of the U. S. S. _Langley_ 165

A Map of the Port of New York 169

A Map of the Port of Liverpool 171

A Map of the Port of Rio de Janeiro 173

A Map of the Port of Cape Town 175

A Map of the Port of Marseilles 177

A Tug Boat 179

A New York Harbour Ferry 181

A New York Harbour Lighter 183

A Mississippi River Stern-wheeler 185

A Modern Venetian Cargo Boat 187

A Page of Knots in Common Use 193

Bearings and Points of Sailing 195

How a Fore-and-Aft Sail Is Reefed 197

A Freighter Tied Up to a Pier 199

A Few Types of Sailing Ships Common in European
and American Waters 201

A Few Types of Sailing Boats to Be Found Around the
World 203

The Rigging of a Three-masted Ship 209

The Sails of a Four-masted Ship 213

Using a Cross Staff 217

Using an Astrolabe 221

A Sextant in Use, and a Ship’s Log 225

Using a Pelorus 229

Sounding by Machine 233

The Pharos at Alexandria 237

The Tillamook Rock Light Station 239

Cape Race Lighthouse 241

Minot’s Ledge Light 243

Bishop Rock Lighthouse 245

Fire Island Lightship 247

Automatic Buoys 249

A Ship on the Ways 253

A Floating Dry Dock 255

The _Olympic_ 259

The _Aquitania_ 263

The _Paris_ 265

The _Spray_ 281

The _Detroit_ 283

A Reconstruction of One of Caligula’s Galleys 284

A European Side-wheeler 285

A Hudson River Steamer 287

A Steam Yacht 289

An Experiment of 1924 291