Chapter II: Preface

Students of Ralegh's career cannot complain of a dearth of materials. For thirty-seven years he lived in the full glare of publicity. The social and political literature of more than a generation abounds in allusions to him. He appears and reappears continually in the correspondence of Burleigh, Robert Cecil, Christopher Hatton, Essex, Anthony Bacon, Henry Sidney, Richard Boyle, Ralph Winwood, Dudley Carleton, George Carew, Henry Howard, and King James. His is a very familiar name in the Calendars of Domestic State Papers. It holds its place in the archives of Venice and Simancas. No family muniment room can be explored without traces of him. Successive reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission testify to the vigilance with which his doings were noted. No personage in two reigns was more a centre for anecdotes and fables. They were eagerly imbibed, treasured, and circulated alike by contemporary, or all but contemporary, statesmen and wits, and by the feeblest scandal-mongers. A list comprising the names of Francis Bacon, Sir John Harington, Sir Robert Naunton, Drummond of Hawthornden, Thomas Fuller, Sir Anthony Welldon, Bishop Goodman, Francis Osborn, Sir Edward Peyton, Sir Henry Wotton, John Aubrey, Sir William Sanderson, David Lloyd, and James Howell, is far from exhausting the number of the very miscellaneous purveyors and chroniclers.

Antiquaries, from the days of John Hooker of Exeter, the continuer of Holinshed, Sir William Pole, Anthony a Wood, and John Prince, to those of Lysons, Polwhele, Isaac D'Israeli, Payne Collier, and Dr. Brushfield, have found boundless hunting-ground in his habits, acts, and motives. Sir John Hawles, Mr. Justice Foster, David Jardine, Lord Campbell, and Spedding have discussed the technical justice of his trials and sentences. No historian, from Camden and de Thou, to Hume, Lingard, Hallam, and Gardiner, has been able to abstain from debating his merits and demerits. From his own age to the present the fascination of his career, and at once the copiousness of information on it, and its mysteries, have attracted a multitude of commentators. His character has been repeatedly analysed by essayists, subtle as Macvey Napier, eloquent as Charles Kingsley. There has been no more favourite theme for biographers. Since the earliest and trivial account compiled by William Winstanley in 1660, followed by the anonymous and tolerably industrious narrative attributed variously to John, Benjamin, and James, Shirley in 1677, and Lewis Theobald's meagre sketch in 1719, a dozen or more lives with larger pretensions to critical research have been printed, by William Oldys in 1736, Thomas Birch in 1751, Arthur Cayley in 1805, Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges in 1813, Mrs. A.T. Thomson in 1830, Patrick Fraser Tytler in 1833, Robert Southey in 1837, Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk in 1848, C. Whitehead in 1854, S.G. Drake, of Boston, U.S., in 1862, J.A. St. John in 1868, Edward Edwards in the same year, Mrs. Creighton in 1877, and Edmund Gosse in 1886.

Almost every one of this numerous company, down even to bookmaking Winstanley the barber, has shed light, much or little, upon dark recesses. By four, Oldys, Cayley, Tytler, and Edwards, the whole learning of the subject, so far as it was for their respective periods available, must be admitted to have been most diligently accumulated. Yet it will scarcely be denied that there has always been room for a new presentment of Ralegh's personality. That the want has remained unsatisfied after all the efforts made to supply it is to be imputed less to defects in the writers, than to the intrinsic difficulties of the subject. Ralegh's multifarious activity, with the width of the area in which it operated, is itself a disturbing element. It is confusing for a biographer to be required to keep at once independent and in unison the poet, statesman, courtier, schemer, patriot, soldier, sailor, freebooter, discoverer, colonist, castle-builder, historian, philosopher, chemist, prisoner, and visionary. The variety of Ralegh's powers and tendencies, and of their exercise, is the distinctive note of him, and of the epoch which needed, fashioned, and used him. A whole band of faculties stood ready in him at any moment for action. Several generally were at work simultaneously. For the man to be properly visible, he should be shown flashing from more facets than a brilliant. Few are the pens which can vividly reflect versatility like his. The temptation to diffuseness and irrelevancy is as embarrassing and dangerous. At every turn Ralegh's restless vitality involved him in a web of other men's fortunes, and in national crises. A biographer is constantly being beguiled into describing an era as well as its representative, into writing history instead of a life. Within an author's legitimate province the perplexities are numberless and distracting. Never surely was there a career more beset with insoluble riddles and unmanageable dilemmas. At each step, in the relation of the most ordinary incidents, exactness of dates, or precision of events, appears unattainable. Fiction is ever elbowing fact, so that it might be supposed contemporaries had with one accord been conspiring to disguise the truth from posterity. The uncertainty is deepened tenfold when motives have to be measured and appraised. Ralegh was the best hated personage in the kingdom. On a conscientious biographer is laid the burden of allowing just enough, and not too much, for the gall of private, political, and popular enmity. He is equally bound to remember and account, often on the adverse side, for inherent contradictions in his hero's own moral nature. While he knows it would be absurdly unjust to accept the verdict of Ralegh's jealous and envious world on his intentions, he has to beware of construing malicious persecution as equivalent to proof of angelic innocence.

One main duty of a biographer of Ralegh is to be strenuously on the guard against degenerating into an apologist. But, above all, he ought to be versed in the art of standing aside. While explanations of obscurities must necessarily be offered, readers should be put into a position to judge for themselves of their sufficiency, and to substitute, if they will, others of their own. Commonly they want not so much arguments, however unegotistical and dispassionate, as a narrative. They wish to view and hear Ralegh himself; to attend him on his quick course from one field of fruitful energy to another; to see him as his age saw him, in his exuberant vitality; not among the few greatest, but of all great, Englishmen the most universally capable. They desire facts, stated as such, simply, in chronological sequence, and, when it is at all practicable, in the actor's own words, not artificially carved, coloured, digested, and classified. As for failings and infirmities, they are more equitable and less liable to unreasonable disgusts than a biographer is inclined to fancy. They are content that a great man's faults, real or apparent, should be left to be justified, excused, or at all events harmonized, in the mass of good and ill.

No biographer of Ralegh need for lack of occupation stray from the direct path of telling his readers the plain story of an eventful life. The rightful demands on his resources are enough to absorb the most plentiful stores of leisure, patience, and self-denial. He should be willing to spend weeks or months on loosing a knot visible to students alone, which others have not noticed, and, if they had, would think might as profitably have been left tied. He should collect, and weigh, and have the courage to refuse to use, piles of matter which do not enlighten. He should be prepared to devote years to the search for a clue to a career with a bewildering capacity for sudden transformation scenes. He should have the courage, when he has lost the trace, to acknowledge that he has wandered. He should feel an interest so supreme in his subject, in its shadows as in its lights, as neither to count the cost of labour in its service, nor to find affection for the man incompatible with the condemnation of his errors. Finally, after having arrived at a clear perception of the true method to be pursued, and ends to be aimed at, he should be able to recognize how very imperfectly he has succeeded in acting up to his theory.

W.S.

LONDON:
_September_, 1891.

AUTHORITIES

Not a few readers and critics, who have been so kind as to speak otherwise only too favourably of the book, have intimated that its value would be increased by references to the authorities.

In compliance with the suggestion, the author now prints the list--a formidable one. He has drawn it up in a form which, he hopes, may enable students without much difficulty to trace the sources of the statements in the text.

The figures in the parentheses () after the title of each authority are the date of the original edition, where that is not the one cited. The figures which follow give the date of the edition actually referred to. The brackets [] after the pages of the _Life_ contain the pages, or volumes and pages, of the cited works.

Example--

D'ISRAELI, ISAAC, _Cur. Lit._
(1791-1834), date of original edition.
ed. B. Disraeli, 1849, date of edition referred to.
79, page of _Life_.
[iii. 140], volume and page of _Cur. Lit._

A.

ARBER, EDWARD, _English Reprints_: p. 83 [No. 29, xiv. 13-22].

_Archaeologia_ (Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries): pp. 130
[xxii. 175], 299 [xii. 271], 368 [xliv. 394]. See also Collier, Monson.

_Ashmolean MSS._ (Bodleian Library): pp. 368 [DCCLXXXVI, fol. 101], 386.

AUBREY, JOHN, _Letters by Eminent Persons and Lives of Eminent Men_,
1813: pp. 8, 13, 25, 28, 35, 49, 57, 58, 100, 104, 105, 164, 180, 181,
192, 209, 249, 273, 282, 283, 300 [ii. 416 and 494, and 509-21].

_Aulicus Coquinarius_ (published in _Secret History of James I_,
1811)--'supposed to have been compiled from Bishop Goodman's materials
by William Sanderson': p. 210 [173].

B.

BACON, ANTHONY, Correspondence (_MSS. Tenison_, at Lambeth, and
Catalogue, _Lambeth Palace MSS._): pp. 89 [Cat. 162], 108 [Cat. 166].

BACON, FRANCIS, LORD, _Works, Letters, and Life_, ed. James Spedding,
R.E. Ellis, and D.D. Heath, 1858-1874.

-- _Apophthegms_: pp. 8 [ii. 163], 89 [ii. 129], 155 [ii. 124], 302
[ii. 168].

-- _Life_: pp. 359 [vi. 360-2], 361 [vi. 356, 364-5].

BAYLEY, JOHN, _History and Antiquities of the Tower of London_, 1821:
p. 250 [Appendix, vol. ii. ch. x].

BEATSON, ROBERT, _Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and
Ireland_ (1786), 3rd ed. 1806: pp. 35 [i. 448], 108 [i. 448].

BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHER DE HARLAY DE, _Lettres a Henri IV_ (transcripts
by E. Edwards from MSS. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris):
pp. 182, 195, 201, 227, 237, 239, 240.

_Biographia Britannica_, 1747-1766 (Art. W. Ralegh): pp. 39, 49.

BIRCH, REV. THOMAS, D.D., _Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth_, 1754: pp. 89
[i. 79], 147 [ii. 418].

-- _Life of Sir Walter Ralegh_ (Oxford ed. of Ralegh's Works): pp. 89
[i. 593], 300 [i. 613].

BLACKSTONE, MR. JUSTICE SIR WILLIAM, _Commentaries on the Laws of
England_ (1765-1769). Revised by Serjeant Henry John Stephen, 3rd
ed. 1853: p. 285 [ii. 475].

BOLINGBROKE, HENRY ST. JOHN, VISCOUNT ('_The Craftsman_, by Caleb
D'Anvers, Esq.' 1731-1737. Nos. 160, 163, 164, 175, 274): p. 269.

BRAY. See Manning.

BRAYLEY, EDWARD WEDLAKE, and JOHN BRITTON, _History of Surrey_,
1850: p. 380 [ii. 93-4].

BRUCE, REV. JOHN, _Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland with
Sir R. Cecil and others in England_ (Camden Society), 1861: pp. 58
[67], 148 [Appendix 82-3, 90], 172 [15], 173 [67], 175 [43], 176
[18-9], 177 [ibid.], 254 [140-60, 219].

BRUSHFIELD, THOMAS NADAULD, M.D., _Raleghana_ (_Burial-place of
Walter and Katherine Ralegh_), 1896: p. 5 (Devon Assoc. Trans.
xxviii. 291-4).

-- -- (_Birthplace of Sir Walter Ralegh_), 1889: pp. 6, 101 (Devon Assoc.
Trans. xxi. 319-21).

-- -- (_Children of_), 1896: p. 197 (Devon Assoc. Trans. xxviii. 310-12).

-- _London and Suburban Residences of Sir Walter Ralegh:_ pp. 103-5
(_Western Antiquary_, iv. 82-7, 109-12).

-- _Bibliography of Sir Walter Ralegh_ (reprinted from _Western
Antiquary_), 1886: pp. 265-76.

-- (_Tobacco and Potatoes_): p. 49 (Devon Assoc. Trans. xxx. 158-97).
_Builder, The_, Sept. 17, 1864: p. 105.

BULLEN, A.H. (_Poetical Rhapsody_, ed. Francis Davison, 1602), 1890:
pp. 78 [i. 116, and Introd. 83, 84], 79 [i. 28, and Introd. 86].

BULLEN, A.H. (_England's Helicon_, 1600), 1887: p. 80 [Introd. 22, 23].

BURGHLEY, WILLIAM CECIL, LORD, _State Papers at Hatfield House_,
Vol. ii, 1571-1596, ed. Rev. Wm. Murdin: pp. 93 [ii. 657], 95 [ii.
658], 102 [ii. 675], 152 [ii. 811].

C.

_Calendar, Carew MSS._ 1515-1624, Lambeth Palace Library, ed. Rev.
John S. Brewer and William Bullen, 1868: pp. 38, 49, 71, 91, 126,
148, 149, 156, 158, 162, 169, 330.

-- _State Papers_, Domestic Series, Elizabeth and James I, 1585-1618:
pp. 34, 35, 36, 37, 43, 45, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 64, 69, 82, 84, 87, 89,
96, 98, 101, 102, 117, 125, 134, 135, 142, 146, 147, 164, 169, 180,
182, 201, 208, 241, 242, 243, 247, 249, 252, 254, 257, 260, 262, 263,
264, 266, 288, 297, 298, 300, 301, 302, 307, 313, 316, 332, 333, 337,
346, 347, 348, 349, 352, 358, 366, 369, 372, 375, 381, 384, 385, 386,
387, 393, 394, 396.

-- _Venetian State Papers_, 1581-1591: pp. 50, 64.

CAMDEN, WILLIAM, _Annales, etc. regnante Elizabetha_ (Part I, to 1589,
1615; Part II, 1627), ed. Thomas Hearne, 1717: pp. 9 [i. 198], 66
[ii. 574-5], 89 [iii. 697], 109 [iii. 697], 137 [iii. 741-2].

-- _Annales Regni Jacobi I_: p. 275 [9].

-- _Epistolae_ (containing in appendix the _Annales Jacobi I_), ed.
Thomas Smith, 1691: pp. 325 [256], 333 [243].

CAMPBELL, JOHN, LORD, _Lives of the Chief Justices of England_,
1849-1857: p. 209 [i. 210-11].

CAREW, RICHARD, _Survey of Cornwall_ (1602), ed. Lord de Dunstanville,
1811: p. 168 [xxv-xxvi].

CARLYLE, THOMAS: p. 279 (see Cromwell).

CARTE, THOMAS, _General History of England_, 1747-1755: p. 205 [iii.
719].

CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, FIRST EARL of, _The Difference and
Disparity between the Estates and Conditions of George, Duke of
Buckingham, and Robert, Earl of Essex_, 'written by the Earl of
Clarendon in his younger Dayes' (in _Reliquiae Wottonianae_, 4th ed.
1685, 185-202): p. 145 [190].

COKE, SIR EDWARD, _Third Institute_ (1644), 1797: p. 214 [24-5].

COLLIER, JOHN PAYNE (_Notes and Queries_, 3rd Series, vol. v): pp. 244
[7], 246 [7].

-- _Archaeologia_ (Society of Antiquaries) 1852-1853: pp. 11 [xxxiv.
139], 15 [xxxiv. 139], 21 [xxxiv. 141], 36 [xxxv. 368-71], 42 [xxxiii.
199, and xxxiv. 151], 89 [xxxiv. 160], 90 [xxxiv. 161], 91 [xxxiv.
165], 133 [xxxiv. 168], 164 [xxxiv. 163-4], 165 [xxxv. 214], 244
[xxxv. 217-8], 252 [xxxv. 219-20].

CORNEY, BOLTON, '_Curiosities of Literature_, by I. D'Israeli, Esq.,
Illustrated by Bolton Corney, Esq.,' 1837: p. 274.

COSTELLO, LOUISA STUART, _Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen_, 1844:
p. 63 [i. 209-10].

_Cotton. Library MSS._, British Museum: pp. 57 [Galba, C. 9, fol. 157],
132 [Vespas. C. 13, fol. 290], 149 [Julius, F. 6, p. 433], 272 [Julius,
C. 3, fol. 311], 316 [Titus, B. 8, fol. 155], 351 [Vitell. C. 17, foll.
439-40], 373 [Titus, C. 6, fol. 93].

_Craftsman._ See Bolingbroke.

CROMWELL, OLIVER, _Letters and Speeches_, ed. Thomas Carlyle, 1870:
p. 279 [ii. 293].

-- _Memoirs of the Protector Oliver Cromwell, and of his sons, Richard
and Henry_, by Oliver Cromwell, Esq. (1820), 3rd ed. 1822: p. 279
[i. 369-70].

D.

_Declaration of the Demeanour and Carriage of Sir Walter Raleigh, as well
in his Voyage, as in and since his Return_, printed by the King's
Printers, 1618; reprinted _Harleian Miscellany_, iii, 1809; _Somers
Collect_, ii, 1809: pp. 301 [Harl. iii. 20-3], 389-93 [Harl. iii. 18,
_et seq._].

DEE, DR. JOHN, _Private Diary_, ed. J.O. Halliwell (Camden Society),
1842: p. 104 [54].

DEVEREUX, WALTER B., _Lives and Letters of the Devereux, Earls of
Essex_, 1853: pp. 61 [i. 86], 62 [i. 186-8], 130 [i. 376-7], 138 [i.
457].

_Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and
Art, Transactions of the_ (see also Brushfield): pp. 2 [xv. 163-79],
313 [xv. 459].

D'EWES, SIR SIMONDS, _Journals of all the Parliaments during the Reign
of Queen Elizabeth_, ed. Paul Bowes (1682), 1862: pp. 105 [478, 492],
106 [508-9], 158 [674-6], 159 [629-33].

D'ISRAELI, ISAAC, _Curiosities of Literature_ (1791-1834), ed. B.
Disraeli, 1849: pp. 79 [iii. 140], 274 [iii. 145-7], 334 [iii. 127],
375 [iii. 141].

-- '_Amenities of Literature_ (Psychological History of Rawleigh
(1840)),' 1841: pp. 59 [iii. 152], 181 [iii. 166-7], 274 [iii. 172-84].

DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH, _Her Majesty's Tower_, 1869-71: pp. 198
[i. 351-4], 266 [i. 369-70].

DREXELIUS, JEREMIAH (_Trismegistus Christianus_), Antwerp, 1643:
p. 40 [469].

DRUMMOND, WILLIAM, of Hawthornden, _'Notes of Ben Jonson's Conversations
with_--January, 1619' (Shakespeare Society), ed. David
Laing, 1842: pp. 13 [21], 270 [15], 274 [15], 301 [21].

E.

ECHARD, ARCHDEACON LAURENCE, _History of England_, 1711: p. 186
[i. 911].

EDWARDS, EDWARD, _Life of Sir Walter Ralegh_, 1868: p. 26 [i. 54-5].

_Egerton Papers_--from MSS. belonging to Lord Francis Egerton, ed.
J. Payne Collier (for Camden Society), 1840: pp. 36 [94], 183 [377].

ELIOT, SIR JOHN, _Monarchy of Man, MSS. Harleian_, 2228, Brit. Mus.
(cf. Forster's _Life of Eliot_ [i. 34, 604]): pp. 375, 397.

EVELYN, JOHN, _Diary and Correspondence_, ed. William Bray (1818-1819),
1872: p. 267 [i. 391].

F.

FEBRE, NICHOLAS LE, _Discours sur le Grand Cordial de Sir Walter
Ralegh_, 1664: p. 266.

_Flying Chudleigh, Chaplain of the_, MSS. Corpus Christi, Oxford: p. 326.

FORSTER, JOHN, _Life of John Eliot_, 1864. See Eliot.

_Fortescue Papers_; collected by John Packer, Secretary to George
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, ed. S.R. Gardiner, 1871: pp. 332 [40],
386 [80], 387 [67], 395 [143].

FOSS, EDWARD, _Judges of England_, 1857: pp. 209 [vi. 179], 231
[vi. 159].

FOSTER, MR. JUSTICE SIR MICHAEL, _Trial of the Rebels in 1746, and
other Crown Cases_ (1st ed. 1762), new ed. 1809: pp. 214, 222 [234].

FOX (or FOXE), JOHN, _Acts and Monuments_ (1554-1562), 1684: p. 5 [iii.
748].

FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY, _History of England_, 1856-1870: p. 4
[vi. 149].

FULLER, REV. THOMAS, _Church History of Britain_, 1655: p. 7 [170].

-- _History of the Worthies of England_ (1662), 1811: pp. 24 [i. 287],
166 [ii. 286], 394 [ii. 336].

G.

GAINSFORD, CAPTAIN THOMAS, _Vox Spiritus_, or _Sir Walter Rawleigh's
Ghost_, 1620: p. 395 [Fortescue Papers, 143].

GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON, _History of England, from the Accession of
James I to the Disgrace of Chief Justice Coke, 1603-1616_. 1863:
pp. 190 [i. 102], 193 [i. 89], 226 [i. 58-9], 263 [i. 29-32].

-- _Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage, 1617-1623_. 1869: pp. 238
[i. 151], 309 [i. 57-64], 324 [i. 125, 130], 332 [i. 134], 337
[i. 140].

-- _The Case against Sir Walter Ralegh_ (_Fortnightly Review_, vol. vii;
New Series, vol. i), 1867: pp. 305 [613], 318 [602-14].

GASCOIGNE, GEORGE, _The Glasse of Gouernment_ (1576), ed. W.C. Hazlitt
(Roxburghe Library), 1870: p. 12 [ii. 178].

GERARD, JOHN, _Herbal, or General History of Plants_, 1597, with
dedication to Sir Walter Raleigh: p. 105 [546].

GIBBON, EDWARD, _Life and Works_, ed. John Lord Sheffield (1799),
new ed. 1814: pp. 102 [i. 152], 281 [i. 151], 309 [i. 152-3], 398
[i. 153].

_Gibson MSS._, Lambeth Palace Library: p. 345 [viii. fol. 21].

GIFFORD, WILLIAM, _Ben Jonson's Works, with Memoir by_, 1860:
p. 157 [19].

GOODMAN, GODFREY, EX-BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER, _Court of King James
the First_, ed. John S. Brewer, 1839: pp. 195 [ii. 93-7], 381 [i. 69].

GORGES, SIR ARTHUR, _A larger Relation of the said Island Voyage_
(1607), iv. Purchas, 1938-1969: pp. 136 [iv. 1950], 139 [iv. 1965],
140 [iv. 1938-69].

GOSSE, EDMUND, _Athenaeum_, January 2 and 9, 1886: p. 73.

GUTCH, REV. J., _Collectanea Curiosa_, 1781: pp. 368 [i. 94-5], 367, 372,
373, 374, 376 [ii. 421-4].

H.

HAILES, LORD, _Secret Correspondence of Sir Robert Cecil with James VI_,
ed. Lord Hailes, 1766: pp. 171 [116], 174 [9], 175 [29], 176 [68],
180 [231], 182 [107], 254 [140-60, 290].

HAKLUYT, RICHARD, _Voyages, Navigations, Traffics, and Discoveries of
the English Nation_ (1600). New ed. 1810: pp. 11 [iii. 364], 15 [iii.
186], 44 [iii. 301-6], 45 [iii. 324-40], 47 [iii. 365], 50 [iii. 366],
53 [iii. 364], 67 [ii. 169], 84 [ii. 663-70], 119 [iv. 66].

HALL, BISHOP JOSEPH, _Balm of Gilead_ (1660), _Works_, 1837: p. 279
[vii. 171].

HALLAM, HENRY, _Constitutional History of England, Henry VII--George
II_ (1827), 1850: pp. 183 [i. 354], 199 [i. 353], 204 [i. 354],
225 [i. 353], 285 [i. 277], 293 [i. 352-3], 303 [i. 354].

-- _Introduction to the Literature of Europe_ (1838-1839), 1847: pp. 79
[ii. 126], 277 [iii. 149].

_Hampshire, History of_, by Richard Warner, 1795, Woodward, Wilks, and
Lockhart (undated) 209 [i. 298-302], Murray's _Handbook_, 5th ed.
1898: p. 209 [98-9].

HANNAH, ARCHDEACON JOHN, _The Courtly Poets, from Raleigh to
Montrose_, 1870: pp. 56 [56], 73 [Introd. xiv-xv], 367 [52-3].

HARINGTON, SIR JOHN (_Nugae Antiquae_, 1804). _A Brief State of the
Church of England_: pp. 91 [ii. 127], 101 [ii. 125], 102 [ii. 152], 143
[ii. 129], 164 [ii. 125], 194 [ii. 126], 237 [ii. 99], 273 [ii. 127].

-- _Letters_: pp. 90 [i. 348-53], 93 [i. 362], 156 [i. 342], 171 [ibid.],
205 [i. 343], 293 [i. 348-53].

HARIOT (HARRIOT, HERIOTT, or HERIOT), THOMAS, _A Briefe and True
Report of the new found Land of Virginia_, February, 1587; published,
London, 1588, and in Latin, by Theodore Bry at Frankfort, 1590;
reprinted from the London edition by Hakluyt (iii. 324-40), 1600;
new ed. of Hakluyt, 1810: pp. 45, 49.

_Harleian MSS._, British Museum: pp. 20 [6993, fol. 5], 21 [1644, fol.
77], 56 [6994, fol. 2], 181 [11402, fol. 88], 210, 218 [xxxix. ff. 277
_et seq._], 288 [xxxix. fol. 359], 290 [xxxix. ff. 350-1], 329 [4761,
ff. 23-5], 333 [7002, fol. 410].

_Harleian Miscellany_ (from library of Edward, second Earl of Oxford),
(1st ed. William Oldys, 1744-1753; 2nd ed. the late William
Oldys and Thomas Park, 1808-1813): pp. 381 [iv. 62], 382 [iv. 63],
387 [iii. 63-8].

_Hatfield Papers_, Hatfield House: pp. 18, 102, 103, 107, 111, 112, 119,
120, 124, 126, 141, 156, 160, 164, 165, 170, 171, 174, 178, 181, 194,
201, 203, 232, 233, 242, 244, 246, 247, 249, 260, 261, 334.

HAWLES, SIR JOHN, _The Magistracy and Government of England
Vindicated_, 1689: pp. 186, 224 [35].

HEARNE, THOMAS, _Appendix to Preface to Chronic. Walteri Hemingford,
Edw I, II, and III_, 1731: pp. 372, 374 [i. 181].

HENNESSY, SIR JOHN POPE, _Sir Walter Ralegh in Ireland_, 1883: pp.
70 [1-3], 162 [75-9], 272 [142-3].

HEYLIN, REV. PETER, D.D.,'Observation upon some particular persons
and passages in a Book intitled _A Compleat History of the Lives and
Reigns of Queen Mary and King James_, By a Lover of the Truth,
1656' (ascribed to Carew Ralegh, but queried in British Museum
Catalogue as by Peter Heylin): pp. 243, 254, 281.

_Historical Account of Sir Walter Raleigh's Voyages and Adventures_,
1719: p. 7.

'_Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland_ (1st ed. by
Raphael Holinshed, 1577; 2nd ed. by Raphael Holinshed, William
Harrison, and others, newlie augmented and continued to the yeare 1586
by John Hooker, alias Vowell, Gent.'--the 'supplie' by Hooker, vol.
vi, 323-461--1586-1587). Reprint 1807 (to which I refer): pp. 4 [iii.
942], 15 [vi. 107], 16 [vi. 437], 18 [vi. 441-5], 38 [vi. 183], 45
[iv. 598-9].

HOOKER, JOHN, alias VOWELL. See Holinshed. Also, _Epistle Dedicatory_,
prefixed to his translation of _The Irish Histories of Giraldus
Cambrensis_, and his _Continuation of the Chronicles of Ireland_, in
ii. Holinshed, ed. 1587. Reprint 1807, vol. vi, pp. 101-110: pp. 1
[vi. 105-6], 3 [vi. 105], 53 [vi. 107].

HOWELL, THOMAS BAYLY (Cobbett's _Complete Collection of State Trials_,
edited by Thomas Bayly Howell, 1809-1815; and by Thomas Jones
Howell, 1815-1826): pp. 174 [ii. 48], 228 [ii. 48], 230 [ii. 47-51],
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I.

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J.

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K.

KING, CAPTAIN SAMUEL, _Narrative of Sir Walter Ralegh's Motives and
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KINGSLEY, REV. CHARLES, _Miscellanies_, 1859: pp. 151 [i. 65], 204
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L.

LAING, DAVID (viii. _MSS. Hawthornden_, Antiqu. Society of Scotland;
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LAUDONNIERE, RENE DE, _L'Histoire notable de la Floride_, Paris, 1586.
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_Leicester's Commonwealth._ See Parsons.

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M.

MANNING, REV. OWEN, and WILLIAM BRAY, _History and Antiquities of
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MATTHEW, SIR TOBY, _Collection of Letters_, 1660: pp. 189 [181], 199
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MONSON, SIR WILLIAM, _Narrative of the Principal Naval Expeditions
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N.

NAPIER, MACVEY, _Lord Bacon and Sir Waller Raleigh_, 1853: pp. 208
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NAUNTON, SIR ROBERT, _Fragmenta Regalia_, or, _Observations on the late
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_Newes of Sir Walter Rauleigh from the River of Caliana._ At the Bell
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NICOLAS, SIR NICOLAS HARRIS, _Life and Times of Sir Christopher
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_Notes and Queries_, Second Series, vol. viii, pp. 64 [107], 247 [107];
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O.

_Observation upon a Book_, &c. See Heylin.

OLDYS, WILLIAM, _Life of Sir Walter Ralegh_ (1735); new ed. prefixed
to Oxford edition of Ralegh's _Works_, 1829: pp. 12 [i. 23], 55 [i.
115], 260 [i. 416], 265 [i. 372, 415, 447], 266 [i. 413, 415], 267 [i.
447], 268 [i. 441-2], 295 [i. 468], 299 [i. 472-3], 301 [i. 479], 375
[i 563].

-- Manuscript notes to Gerard Langbaine's _Account of the English
Dramatic Poets_, 1691, in Brit. Mus. copy of Langbaine: p. 301
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OSBORN, FRANCIS, _Traditional Memoirs on the Reign of King James_
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OVERBURY, SIR THOMAS, _Trial of Sir Walter Ralegh; MSS. Cotton._
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_Oxford, Register of the University of_, ed. Rev. Andrew Clark,
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