Chapter IV (3)

[36] Thus the position of small stars critically situated in the centre, or on the edges of the nebulæ was always noted. Many of the descriptions are given in the published papers, but the publication of the diagrams would be an immense help to this branch of astronomy. D'ARREST in his reduction of HERSCHEL'S nebula observations (1856) writes: "Gewiss wäre es vom höchsten Interesse für die Entwickelung, welche hoffentlich auch dieser Zweig der beobachtenden Astronomie zukünftig erhalten wird, wenn die HERSCHEL'Schen Beobachtungen in der Ausführlichkeit in welcher sie, verschiedenen Andeutungen zufolge, _handschriftlich_ vorhanden sind, veröffentlicht würden. Es schliesst sich dieser Wunsch in Betreff der Nebelflecken lebhaft an den an, welcher, schon vor einem Jahrzehnt nach Veröffentlichung der 400 noch unedirten _star-gauges_ von gewichtigerer Seite her geäussert wurde." In this all must agree who have a knowledge of the direction in which we must look for advances in the difficult and important questions of the distance, the motions, and the changes of the nebulæ. Almost the only aid to be looked for from the older observations must come from such diagrams, and we may safely say that the publication of this priceless material, just as it stands, would carry our exact data back from 1833 to 1786, or no less than forty-seven years.

[37] Long after HERSCHEL had abandoned this idea, it continued current among astronomers. The successes of Lord ROSSE'S telescope perpetuated to the middle of the nineteenth century an erroneous view which HERSCHEL had given up in 1791.

[38] These have never been re-observed. They should be sought for with a powerful refractor, taking special precautions against the illumination of the field of view from neighboring bright stars. HERSCHEL'S reflectors were specially open to illusions produced in this way. His observations probably will remain untested until some large telescope is used in the way he adopted, _i. e._, in sweeping.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

I.--LIST OF THE PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF WILLIAM HERSCHEL ON ASTRONOMICAL
SUBJECTS.

[In chronological order.]

_N.B.--In general, translations and abstracts of those which appeared in periodicals are not noticed here. I have made exceptions in the more important cases._

[Solution of a prize question. _See_ this book, page 46.]
_Ladies' Diary_, 1779.

Astronomical observations on the periodical star in _Collo Ceti_.
_Phil. Trans._, 1780, p. 338.

Astronomical observations relating to the mountains of the moon.
_Phil. Trans._, 1780, p. 507.

Astronomical observations on the rotation of the planets round their axes, made with a view to determine whether the earth's diurnal motion is perfectly equable. _Phil. Trans._, 1781, p. 115.

Account of a comet. [Dated 13th March, 1781. This was _Uranus_.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1781, p. 492.

On the parallax of the fixed stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1782, p. 82.

Catalogue of double stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1782, p. 112: translation in
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1786, p. 187.

Description of a lamp micrometer and the method of using it.
_Phil. Trans._, 1782, p. 163.

A paper to obviate some doubts concerning the great magnifying powers used.
_Phil. Trans._, 1782, p. 173.

A letter from WILLIAM HERSCHEL, Esq., F.R.S., to Sir JOSEPH BANKS, _Bart._, P.R.S. _Phil. Trans._, 1783, p. 1.

Aus einem Schreiben des Hrn. HERSCHEL an mich [BODE], datirt London, den 13ten August, 1783. [This is a letter forwarding HERSCHEL'S memoir on the Parallax of the Fixed Stars, etc.] _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1786, p. 258.

On the diameter and magnitude of the _Georgium Sidus_, with a description of the dark and lucid disk and periphery micrometers. _Phil. Trans._, 1783, p. 4.

On the proper motion of the sun and solar system, with an account of several changes that have happened among the fixed stars since the time of Mr. FLAMSTEED. _Phil. Trans._, 1783, p. 247. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1787, p. 194, p. 224.

Astronomische Nachrichten und Entdeckungen, aus einem französischen Schreiben desselben an mich [BODE], datirt Datchet, nahe bey Windsor, den 18. Mai, 1784.

[This letter is on the subject of the use of high magnifying powers, and gives a _résumé_ of his recent papers.] _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1787, p. 211.

On the remarkable appearances at the polar regions of the planet _Mars_, the inclination of its axis, the position of its poles and its spheroidical figure; with a few hints relating to its real diameter and atmosphere. _Phil. Trans._, 1784, p. 233.

Account of some observations tending to investigate the construction of the heavens. _Phil. Trans._, 1784, p. 437.

[_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1788, p. 246, has a summary of this paper by Baron VON ZACH. See, also, _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1794, p. 213.]

Catalogue of double stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1785, p. 40.

On the construction of the heavens.
_Phil. Trans._, 1785, p. 213.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1788, p. 238.
See, also, _same_, 1787, p. 213, and 1794, p. 213.

Aus einem Schreiben des Hrn. HERSCHEL an mich [BODE], datirt Clay Hall, nahe bey Windsor, den 20. Jul., 1785. [This is a letter forwarding two memoirs, and giving the prices of telescopes] _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1788, p. 254.

Catalogue of one thousand new nebulæ and clusters of stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1786, p. 457.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1791, p. 157,
and _same_, 1794, p. 213.

Investigation of the cause of that indistinctness of vision which has been ascribed to the smallness of the optic pencil. _Phil. Trans._, 1786, p. 500.

Remarks on the new comet [1786, II.].
_Phil. Trans._, 1787, p. 4.

[Letter from HERSCHEL to BODE on the discovery of two satellites to _Uranus_, dated Slough, 1787, Feb. 11.] _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1790, p. 253.

An account of the discovery of two satellites revolving round the
_Georgian planet_.
_Phil. Trans._, 1787, p. 125.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1791, p. 255.

An account of three volcanoes in the moon.
_Phil. Trans._, 1787, p. 229.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1791, p. 255.

Note on M. MÉCHAIN'S comet. [1787, I.] [Added to preceding paper.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1787, p. 232.

On the _Georgian planet_ and its satellites.
_Phil. Trans._, 1788, p. 364.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1793, p. 104.

Observations on a comet [1788, II.].
_Phil. Trans._, 1789, p. 151.

Catalogue of a second thousand of new nebulæ and clusters of stars, with
a few introductory remarks on the construction of the heavens.
_Phil. Trans._, 1789, p. 212.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1793, p. 104.
Also, _same_, 1794, p. 150.

Account of the discovery of a sixth and seventh satellite of the planet
_Saturn_, with remarks on the construction of its ring, its atmosphere,
its rotation on an axis, and its spheroidical figure.
_Phil. Trans._, 1790, p. 1.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1793, p. 239;
_same_, 1796, p. 88; 1797, p. 249.

On the satellites of the planet _Saturn_, and the rotation of its ring on an axis. _Phil. Trans._, 1790, p. 427.

On nebulous stars properly so called.
_Phil. Trans._, 1791, p. 71.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1801, p. 128.

On the ring of _Saturn_ and the rotation of the fifth satellite upon its
axis.
_Phil. Trans._, 1792, p. 1.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1796, p. 88.

Miscellaneous observations.

[Account of a comet], p. 23 [1792, I.].

[On the periodical appearance of omicron Ceti], p. 24.

[On the disappearance of the 55th _Herculis_], p. 26.

[Remarkable phenomenon in an eclipse of the moon], p. 27.
_Phil. Trans._, 1792, p. 23.

Observations on the planet _Venus_.
_Phil. Trans._, 1793, p. 201.

Observations of a quintuple belt on the planet _Saturn_.
_Phil. Trans._, 1794, p. 28.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1798, p. 90.

Account of some particulars observed during the late eclipse of the sun. [1793, September 5th.] _Phil. Trans._, 1794, p. 39.

On the rotation of the planet _Saturn_ upon its axis.
_Phil. Trans._, 1794, p. 48.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1798, p. 74.

On the nature and construction of the sun and fixed stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1795, p. 46.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, II. Suppl. Band, p. 65.

Description of a forty-foot reflecting telescope.
_Phil. Trans._, 1795, p. 347.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, III. Suppl. Band, p. 238.

Additional observations on the comet. [1796, I.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1796, p. 131.

On the method of observing the changes that happen to the fixed stars; with some remarks on the stability of the light of our sun. To which is added a catalogue of comparative brightness for ascertaining the permanency of the lustre of stars. _Phil. Trans._, 1796, p. 166. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1809, p. 201.

On the periodical star _[alpha] Herculis_; with remarks tending to establish the rotatory motion of the stars on their axes; to which is added a second catalogue of the comparative brightness of the stars. _Phil. Trans._, 1796, p. 452. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1809, p. 201.

A third catalogue of the comparative brightness of the stars, with an introductory account of an index to Mr. FLAMSTEED'S observations of the fixed stars, contained in the second volume of the Historia Coelestis. To which are added several useful results derived from that index. _Phil. Trans._, 1797, p. 293. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1810, p. 143.

Observations of the changeable brightness of the satellites of _Jupiter_, and of the variation in their apparent magnitudes, with a determination of the time of their rotatory motions on their axes. To which is added a measure of the diameter of the second satellite, and an estimate of the comparative size of all the four. _Phil. Trans._, 1797, p. 332. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1801, p. 103.

On the discovery of four additional satellites of the _Georgium Sidus_. The retrograde motion of its old satellites announced, and the cause of their disappearance at certain distances from the planet explained. _Phil. Trans._, 1798, p. 47. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1801, p. 231.

A fourth catalogue of the comparative brightness of the stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1799, p. 121.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1810, p. 143.

On the power of penetrating into space by telescopes, with a comparative determination of the extent of that power in natural vision, and in telescopes of various sizes and constructions, illustrated by select observations. _Phil. Trans._, 1800, pp. 49-85. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1804, p. 231.

Investigation of the powers of the prismatic colors to heat and illuminate objects, with remarks that prove the different refrangibility of radiant heat. To which is added an inquiry into the method of viewing the sun advantageously with telescopes of large apertures and high magnifying powers. _Phil. Trans._, 1800, pp. 255-283. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1804, p. 89.

Experiments on the refrangibility of the invisible rays of the sun.
_Phil. Trans._, 1800, pp. 284-292.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1804, p. 89.

Experiments on the solar and on the terrestrial rays that occasion heat, with a comparative view of the laws by which light and heat, or rather the rays that occasion them, are subject, in order to determine whether they are the same or different. _Phil. Trans._, 1800, pp. 293-326, 437-538. _Gilbert Annal._, X. (1802), pp. 68-78; _same_, XII. (1803), pp. 521-546.

Observations tending to investigate the nature of the sun, in order to find the causes or symptoms of its variable emission of light and heat, with remarks on the use that may possibly be drawn from solar observations. _Phil. Trans._, 1801, pp. 265-318. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1805, p. 218, and 1806, p. 113.

Ueber den 7 Nebelfleck der 1sten classe des Herschel'schen Verzeichniss, und ueber _Ceres_ und _Pallas_, vom Herrn Doctor HERSCHEL, aus zwey Briefen desselben. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1805, p. 211.

Additional observations tending to investigate the symptoms of the variable emission of the light and heat of the sun, with trials to set aside darkening glasses by transmitting the solar rays through liquids, and a few remarks to remove objections that might be made against some of the arguments contained in the former paper. _Phil. Trans._, 1801, pp. 354-362.

Observations on the two lately discovered celestial bodies
[_Ceres and Pallas_].
_Phil. Trans._, 1802, pp. 213-232.
_Nicholson Journal_, IV. (1808), pp. 120-130, 142-148.

Catalogue of five hundred new nebulæ, nebulous stars, planetary nebulæ,
and clusters of stars, with remarks on the construction of the heavens.
_Phil. Trans._, 1802, pp. 477-528.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1807, p. 113.

Observations of the transit of _Mercury_ over the sun's disk, to which is added an investigation of the causes which often prevent the proper action of mirrors. _Phil. Trans._, 1803, pp. 214-232.

Account of the changes which have happened during the last twenty-five years in the relative situation of double stars, with an investigation of the cause to which they are owing. _Phil. Trans._, 1803, pp. 339-382. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1808, pp. 154-178.

Continuation of the account of the changes that have happened in the
relative situation of double stars.
_Phil. Trans._, 1804, pp. 353-384.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1808, p. 226.

Aus einem Schreiben des Herrn Doctor HERSCHEL, datirt Slough, bey Windsor, den 31. May, 1804.

[Relates to his theory of the relation between the solar radiation and the price of wheat.] _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1808, p. 226.

Experiments for ascertaining how far telescopes will enable us to determine very small angles, and to distinguish the real from the spurious diameters of celestial and terrestrial objects, with an application of the results of those experiments to a series of observations on the nature and magnitude of Mr. HARDING'S lately discovered star [_Juno_ (1804),]. _Phil. Trans._, 1805, pp. 31-70.

On the direction and velocity of the motion of the sun and solar system.
_Phil. Trans._, 1805, pp. 233-256.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, IV. Suppl. Band, p. 67.

Observations on the singular figure of the planet _Saturn_.
_Phil. Trans._, 1805, pp. 272-280.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1809, p. 197.

On the quantity and velocity of solar motion.
_Phil. Trans._, 1806, pp. 205-237.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1811, p. 224.

Observations and remarks on the figure, climate, and atmosphere of
_Saturn_ and its ring.
_Phil. Trans._, 1806, pp. 455-467.
_Gilbert Annal._, XXXIV. (1810), pp. 82-105.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1810, p. 228.

Experiments for investigating the cause of the colored concentric rings
discovered by Sir I. NEWTON between two object-glasses laid one upon
another.
_Phil. Trans._, 1807, pp. 180-233.
_Annal. de Chimie_, LXX., 1809, pp. 154-181, 293-321;
_same_, LXXI., 1809, pp. 5-40.

Observations on the nature of the new celestial body [_Vesta_] discovered by Dr. OLBERS, and of the comet which was expected to appear last January in its return from the sun. [1806, II.] _Phil. Trans._, 1807, pp. 260-266.

Observations of a comet [1807, I.] made with a view to investigate its magnitude and the nature of its illumination, to which is added an account of a new irregularity lately perceived in the apparent figure of the planet _Saturn_. _Phil. Trans._, 1808, pp. 145-163. _Gilbert Annal._, XXXVI. (1810), pp. 389-393. _Zach, Monat. Corresp._, XX. (1809), pp. 512-514.

Continuation of experiments for investigating the cause of colored concentric rings and other appearances of a similar nature. _Phil. Trans._, 1809, pp. 259-302.

Supplement to the first and second part of the paper of experiments for investigating the cause of colored concentric rings between object-glasses, and other appearances of a similar nature. _Phil. Trans._, 1810, pp. 149-177. _Gilbert Annal._, XLVI., 1814, pp. 22-79.

Astronomical observations relating to the construction of the heavens, arranged for the purpose of a critical examination, the result of which appears to throw some new light upon the organization of the celestial bodies. _Phil. Trans._, 1811, pp. 269-336. _Journ. de Phys._, LXXV., 1812, pp. 121-167.

Observations of a comet, with remarks on the construction of its
different parts [1811, I.].
_Phil. Trans._, 1812, pp. 115-143.
_Journ. de Phys._, LXXVII., 1813, pp. 125-135.
_Zach, Monat. Corresp._, XXVIII., 1813, pp. 455-469, 558-568.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1816, p. 185.

Observations of a second comet, with remarks on its construction
[1811, II.].
_Phil. Trans._, 1812, pp. 229-237.
_Nicholson Journ._, XXXV., 1813, pp. 193-199.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1816, p. 203.

Astronomical observations relating to the sidereal part of the heavens, and its connection with the nebulous part, arranged for the purpose of a critical examination. _Phil. Trans._, 1814. pp. 248-284. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1818, pp. 97-118.

A series of observations of the satellites of the _Georgian planet_, including a passage through the node of their orbits, with an introductory account of the telescopic apparatus that has been used on this occasion, and a final exposition of some calculated particulars deduced from the observations. _Phil. Trans._, 1815, pp. 293-362. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1819, p. 232-242.

Astronomical observations and experiments tending to investigate the local arrangement of the celestial bodies in space, and to determine the extent and condition of the Milky Way. _Phil. Trans._, 1817, pp. 302-331. _Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1821, p. 149.

Astronomical observations and experiments selected for the purpose of ascertaining the relative distances of clusters of stars, and of investigating how far the power of our telescopes may be expected to reach into space, when directed to ambiguous celestial objects. _Phil. Trans._, 1818, pp. 429-470.

On the places of one hundred and forty-five new double stars (1821).
_Mem. Roy. Ast. Soc._, 1, 1822, pp. 166-181.

II.--LIST OF WORKS RELATING TO THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF WILLIAM HERSCHEL.

[Arranged alphabetically by authors.]

_N.B.--In general, the notices of his life to be found in Encyclopædias of Biography, etc., are not included here._

ARAGO (F.)
Analyse de la vie et des travaux de Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL [from
_Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes_, 1842]. Paris, 1843. 18mo.
[See also the _Annuaire_ for 1834, for an account of HERSCHEL'S
work on double stars.]

ARAGO (F.)
Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men. Translated by Admiral
W. H. SMYTH, Rev. B. POWELL, and ROBERT GRANT, Esq. HERSCHEL.
First series, p. 258. Boston, 1859. 8vo.

ARAGO (F.)
HERSCHEL. [Translated from the French.]
Smithsonian Report. 1870. p. 197. 8vo.

AUWERS (A.)
WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S Verzeichnisse von Nebelflecken und Sternhaufen
bearbeitet von A. AUWERS.
From the _Königsberg Observations_. 1862. Folio.

BESSEL (F. W.)
Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL. [From the _Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung_, 1,
1843, No. 37, _et seq._, reprinted in his] _Abhandlungen_, vol iii.,
p. 468. Leipzig, 1876. 4to.

D'ARREST (H. L.)
Verzeichniss von Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S Nebelflecken _erster_ und
_vierter_ Classe, aus den Beobachtungen berechnet und auf 1850
reducirt.
_Abhandlungen der Math. Phys. Classe der K. Sächs Gesells. d.
Wissenschaften_, Band iii. [1857], p. 359.

DUNKIN (E.)
Obituary Notices of Astronomers, p. 86. Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL,
K.C.H., F.R.S., 1738-1822.
London, 1879. 12mo.

FÉTIS (F. J.)
Biographie universelle des Musiciens [Article HERSCHEL].
Paris, 1835-37. 8vo.

FORBES (J. D.)
Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL [being § 2 of Dissertation vi.].
Encyclopædia Britannica, eighth edition.
Vol. i.,_Dissertations_, p. 838.

FOURIER (J.)
Éloge historique de Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, prononcé dans la séance
publique de l'Académie royale des sciences le 7 Juin, 1824.

_Historie de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France_,
_tome_ vi., _année_ 1823, p. lxi.

HARDING (C. L.)
Des Herrn Dr. HERSCHEL'S Untersuchungen über die Natur der
Sonnenstrahlen, aus dem englischen übersetzt. Erstes Heft.
[Translations from _Phil. Trans._, 1800.] Celle, 1801. 16mo.

HASTINGS (C. S.)
See HOLDEN _and_ HASTINGS.

HERSCHEL (Carolina.)
An Account of a new Comet. [1786, II.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1787, vol. LXXVII., p. 1.

HERSCHEL (Carolina.)
An Account of the Discovery of a Comet. [1793, I.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1794, vol. LXXXIV., p. 1.

HERSCHEL (Carolina.)
Account of the Discovery of a Comet. [1795, II.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1796, vol. LXXXVI., p. 131.

HERSCHEL (Carolina.)
Catalogue of Stars taken from FLAMSTEED'S observations contained in
the second volume of his _Historia Coelestis_, and not inserted
in the British Catalogue; to which is added a collection of errata
which should be noticed in the same volume; with remarks by W.
HERSCHEL. London, 1798. Folio.

HERSCHEL (Carolina.)
Verzeichniss von 74 Sternen FLAMSTEEDS von denen keine beobachtungen
in der _Hist. Coel. Brit._ vorkommen.
_Bode's Jahrbuch_, 1806, p. 255

[HERSCHEL (Carolina.)]
[Notice of her Life.]
_Monthly Notices Roy. Ast. Soc._, vol. 8, p. 64; _also_, _Memoirs
Roy. Ast. Soc._, vol. 17, p. 120.

[HERSCHEL (Carolina.)]
Memoir and Correspondence of CAROLINE HERSCHEL. By Mrs. JOHN
HERSCHEL. With portraits. London, 1876. 12mo.

HERSCHEL (J. F. W.)
Article _Telescope_, in Encyclopædia Britannica, eighth edition.
[This article (illustrated) gives most of the important features of
Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S manner of grinding and polishing specula.]

HERSCHEL (J. F. W.)
Catalogue of Nebulæ and Clusters of Stars. [General and systematic
reduction of all Sir W. HERSCHEL'S observations brought into
connection with all other similar ones.]
_Phil. Trans._, 1864. Page 1. 4to.

HERSCHEL (J. F. W.)
A Synopsis of all Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S Micrometrical Measurements,
etc., of Double Stars, together with a Catalogue of those Stars . . .
for 1880.
_Mem. Roy. Ast. Soc._, vol. 35, p. 21. Lond., 1867. 4to.

HERSCHEL (J. F. W.)
Additional Identifications of Double Stars in the Synoptic
Catalogues of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S Micrometrical Measurements,
etc.
_Monthly Notices Roy. Ast. Soc._, vol. 28, p. 151. London, 1868.
8vo.

HERSCHEL (Mrs. John.)
Memoir and Correspondence of CAROLINE HERSCHEL. With portraits.
London, 1876. 12mo.

HERSCHEL (W.)
[Solution of a prize question. _See_ this book, page 46.]
_Ladies' Diary_, 1779.

HERSCHEL (W.)
The favorite Eccho Catch . . . and the preceding Glee [by S. LEACH].
To which is added the . . . Catch Sung by Three Old Women . . .
in the Pantomime called "The Genius of Nonsense" [by H. HARINGTON].
London, 1780(?). Obl. folio. [A MS. copy of this was kindly
furnished me by Dr. R. GARNETT, of the British Museum.]

HERSCHEL (W.)
_Göttingen Magazin der Wissenschaften und Literatur_ (1783), vol.
iii., p. 4. LICHTENBERG and FORSTER, Editors.
[Letter from HERSCHEL, giving a brief account of his life. _See_
this book, page 3.]

HERSCHEL (W.)
I. _Manuscripts in possession of the Royal Society._

1. A series of register sheets in which are entered up _all_ the
observations of _each_ nebula, copied _verbatim_ from the
sweeps. 2. A similar set of register sheets for MESSIER'S nebulæ.
3. A general index of the 2,508 nebulæ of W. HERSCHEL; given the
class and number, to find the general number. 4. An index list;
given the general number, to find the class and number.
5. A more complete list like 4. 6. A manuscript catalogue of
all the nebulæ and clusters, reduced to 1,800, and arranged
in zones of 1° in polar distance; by Miss CAROLINA HERSCHEL.
7. The original sweeps with the 20-foot reflector at Slough,
in three small 4to and four folio vols. of MS.

II. _Manuscripts in possession of the Royal Astronomical Society._

This library contains "the whole series of autograph observations
of each double star [observed by HERSCHEL], brought together on
separate sheets by Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL and Miss CAROLINA
HERSCHEL."

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
Some Account of the Life and Writings of WILLIAM HERSCHEL, Esq.
[With a Portrait.]
The _European Magazine and London Review_ for January, 1785. 8vo.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
_Edinburgh Review_, vol. i., p, 426.
[A review of HERSCHEL'S memoir, "Observations on the two
lately discovered bodies," from _Phil. Trans._, 1802. _See_
this book, page 96.]

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
"Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, from a London paper."

[This is a short obituary notice "furnished by a gentleman well
acquainted with Sir WILLIAM and his family, and its accuracy may
be relied on."]

_Niles' Register_, vol. 23, p. 154. Nov. 9, 1822. 8vo.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
Obituary: Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, Knt., LL.D., F.R.S.
_The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle_, vol. xcii.,
1822, p. 274. 8vo.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
_Annual Register_, 1822, p. 289. 8vo.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
W. HERSCHEL'S Sämmtliche Schriften, Erster Band.
Ueber den Bau des Himmels. Mit 10 Kupfertafeln.
[Edited by J. W. PFAFF. A second edition was published in 1850.]
Dresden and Leipzig, 1828. 8vo.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
_New York Mirror_, vol. vi., 1829-30, p. 388.

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
_Living Age_, vol. ii., p. 125 (1844). 8vo.
[Reprinted from _Chambers' Journal_.]

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
_Foreign Quarterly Review_, vol. 31, p. 438. 8vo.

[Review of ARAGO'S "Analyse de la vie et des travaux de Sir WILLIAM
HERSCHEL."]

[HERSCHEL (W.)]
ARAGO'S Life of HERSCHEL.

_Eclectic Museum_, vol. ii., p. 556. [Reprinted from the _Foreign
Quarterly Review_, vol. 31.]

HOLDEN (E. S.)
On the Inner Satellites of _Uranus_. [Reduction of Sir WILLIAM
HERSCHEL'S observations.]

_Proceedings Amer. Assn. Adv. Science_, _August_, 1874, p. 49.
8vo.

HOLDEN (E. S.)
Index Catalogue of Books and Memoirs relative to nebulæ, clusters,
etc. _Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections_, No. 311, pp. 19-38.
[Abstracts of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL'S memoirs (on nebulæ) in the
_Philosophical Transactions_.]

Washington, 1877. 8vo.

HOLDEN (E. S.) and C. S. HASTINGS.
A Subject-index and a Synopsis of the scientific writings of Sir
WILLIAM HERSCHEL. [Reprinted from the _Report_ of the Smithsonian
Institution (1879).]

Washington, 1881. 8vo.

KRAFFT (J. G. F.)
Kurze Nachricht von dem berühmten Astronomen HERSCHEL und einigen
seiner Entdeckungen.

Bayreuth, 1787. 8vo.

PEIRCE (C. S.)
Photometric Researches. [A reduction of HERSCHEL'S observations on
the comparative brightness of the stars.] _Annals Harvard College
Observatory_, vol. ix.

Leipzig, 1878. 4to.

SOMMER (G. M.)
WILLIAM HERSCHEL . . . ueber den Bau des Himmels; drei abhandlungen
aus dem englischen uebersetzt, nebst einem authentischen Auszug
aus KANTS allgemeiner Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels.

Koenigsberg, 1791. 8vo.

STRUVE (W.)
Études d'astronomie stellaire. Sur la voie lactée et sur la distance
des étoiles fixes. [P. 24 _et seq._ contains an elaborate review
of the construction of the heavens according to HERSCHEL.] St.
Petersburg, 1847. 8vo.

WOLF (R.)
WILLIAM HERSCHEL. Zurich, 1867. 8vo.

ZACH (F. von.)
Dr. WILLIAM HERSCHEL [translated from _Public Characters_ and
printed in ZACH'S _Monatlich Correspondenz_, 1802, part i., p. 70
_et seq._]

III.--LIST OF THE PUBLISHED PORTRAITS OF WILLIAM HERSCHEL.

_Artist_, MME. DUPIERY. _Engraver_, THÖNERT. 8vo. Early portrait. Some
copies in red. Profile.

_Artist_, F. REHBURG. _Engraver_, F. W. BOLLINGER. 8vo. Late portrait.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, C. WESTERMAYR. 8vo. Medallion.

_Artist_, C. BRAND. _Engraver_, ----? 8vo. Lithograph.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, J. SEWELL. 8vo. Profile, 1785.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, ----? 8vo. Profile.

_Artist_, F. BONNEVILLE. _Engraver_, F. BONNEVILLE. 8vo. Profile.

_Artist_, J. RUSSELL, R.A. _Engraver_, E. SCRIVEN. 8vo. Engraved from a
crayon in the possession of his son, and published by the S. D. U. K.
in the _Gallery of Portraits_, vol. 5.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, ----? 8vo. _European Magazine_, Jan., 1785.
This is a bust in profile, showing the left side of the face.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, THOMSON. 8vo. Published by Caxton, 1823. This must have been engraved before 1816 since the legend is WILLIAM HERSCHEL, LL.D., F.R.S.

_Artist_, Lady GORDON. From the painting by ABBOTT in the National Portrait Gallery. _Engraver_, JOSEPH BROWN. 8vo. Published in memoir of CAROLINE HERSCHEL. This is of the date 1788, or thereabouts. _See_ frontispiece.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, C. MÜLLER. 4to. Medallion, 1785(?).

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, H. PINHAS. 4to. Legend in Russian.

_Artist_, BAISCH. _Engraver_, ----? 4to. Lithograph.

_Artist_, H. GRÉVEDON. _Engraver_, ----? Fol. Lithograph.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, F. MÜLLER. Fol.

_Artist_, ABBOTT. _Engraver_, RYDER. Fol. 1788.

_Artist_, J. BOILLY. _Engraver_, ----? Fol. 1822. Lithograph.

_Artist_, ----? _Engraver_, J. GODBY. Fol.

R. W. S. LUTWIDGE, Esq., F.R.A.S., has an original seal with a head of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL, which is shown on the title-page of this work. A cut of it has been courteously furnished me by JOHN BROWNING, Esq., F.R.A.S., etc.

In 1787 a bust of HERSCHEL was made by LOCKIE for Sir WILLIAM WATSON.

A picture of HERSCHEL was painted by Mr. ARTAUD about the beginning of 1819. A portrait of HERSCHEL by ABBOTT is in the National Portrait Gallery, London. There are no doubt many other paintings in England, though I can find notices of these only. The Royal Society of London has nearly a hundred portraits of its most distinguished members, but owns none of Sir WILLIAM HERSCHEL.

INDEX OF NAMES.

_N.B.--This index is intended to refer to the proper names occurring in the body of the work only, and not to the Bibliography._

Airy (Sir George), 17.

Alison (Sir Archibald), 111.

Arago (François), 49, 81, 139.

Artaud (M.), 114.

Aubert (Alexander), 52, 62, 63.

Baldwin (Miss), 115.

Banks (Sir Joseph), 56, 58, 64.

Bessel (F. W.), 127, 137.

Blagden (Dr.), 57.

Bonaparte (Napoleon), 108, 111.

Bradley (James), 51, 153.

Bruhl (Count von), 52.

Bulman (Mr.), 22, 115, 116.

Bunsen (Chevalier), 12.

Burney (Dr.), 82, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106.

Campbell (Thomas), 107.

Cassini (J. D.), 51.

Cropley (Mr.), 20.

Dalrymple (Mr.), 73.

D'Arblay (Madame), 100 _et seq._

Darlington (Earl of), 18.

Darquier, 51, 119.

D'Arrest (H. L.), 204.

Dawes (W. R.), 200.

De Luc (M.), 64.

De Luc (Mrs.), 100, 102.

Dollond (J.), 120.

Engelfield (Sir Harry), 57.

Farinelli (Miss), 38.

Flaugergues (H.), 51, 119.

Fleming (Miss), 42.

Fourier (J.), 124.

Frauenhofer (J.), 195.

Galileo, 50, 135.

George III., 64, 77, 124, 126.

Griesbach (George), 63.

Griesbachs (the), 62, 106.

Hansen (P. A.), 142.

Hastings (C. S.), 119.

Heberden (Dr.), 64.

Helmholtz (H.), 188.

Herschel (Abraham) [1651-1718], 6.

Herschel (Alexander) [1745-1821], 10, 12, 14, 15, 35, 38, 41, 57, 61,
62, 66, 72, 73, 114.

Herschel (Benjamin), 7.

Herschel (Carolina) [1750-1848], 2, 10, 11, 12, 16, 23, 29, 33, 41, 43,
68;
discovers five comets, 69, 70, 78, 83, 103, 105, 112, 113, 114, 115.

Herschel (Carolina), her _Memoir_ quoted, 2, 9, 13, 23, 29, 31, 34, 36,
41, 57, 61, 63, 64, 65, 70, 74.

Herschel (Dietrich), 9, 10, 11, 29, 42, 114.

Herschel (Eusebius), 7.

Herschel (Hans) [_circa_ 1600], 6.

Herschel (Isaac) [1707-1767], 7, 8, 29.

Herschel (Jacob) [1734-1792], 10, 11, 16, 23, 30.

Herschel (Sir John Frederick William) [1792-1871], 80, 103, 105, 114,
126, 127, 143, 203.

Herschel (Lady), 80, 102, 103, 105, 114.

Herschel (Major John), 2.

Herschel (Mrs. Mary Cornwallis), 2.

Herschel (Sophia Elizabeth), b. 1733, married Griesbach, 10.

Herschel (William), born 1738, November 15; 10.
oboist in the band of the Guards (1755), and goes to England for the
first time, returning in 1756, 16.
deserts from the Guards and goes to England (1757), 17.
organizes the band of the Durham militia (1760), 18.
leaves the band and lives with Dr. Miller, 19.
leads the public concerts at Wakefield and Halifax, 20.
organist at Halifax (1765), 22.
organist of the Octagon Chapel at Bath (1766), 24.
his musical writings, 26.
studies Smith's harmonies and optics, 28.
visits Hanover, August, 1772, 32.
hires a small telescope, 37.
makes his first telescope (1774), 38.
visits Hanover (1775?), 42.
1st review of the heavens, 39, 73.
2d review of the heavens, 73.
3d review of the heavens (1783), 73.
4th review of the heavens (1785), 74.
manufacture of telescopes, 40, 59, 75, 77, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,
125, 126, 127.
moves to 19 New King St., Bath, 43.
conducts oratorios of Handel, 43.
begins astronomical _measures_ (1779), 44.
joins Philosophical Society of Bath, 45.
first published scientific writing (1779), 46.
first communication to the Royal Society (1780), 47.
discovery of _Uranus_ (1781, March 13), 49.
its effect on his career, 53.
elected a member of the Royal Society (1781), and receives the
Copley medal, 56.
attempts a thirty-foot reflector, 59.
goes to London, 1782 (May, June, July), 61.
appointed Royal Astronomer (£200), 1782, 67.
removes to Datchet, 1782, August 1, 67.
his assiduity, 72, 77, 79, 81.
his mechanical genius, 14, 41, 121.
cost of his telescopes, 77.
marries Mrs. John Pitt, _née_ Baldwin (1783), 80.
only child born (1792), 80.
removes to Slough (1786), 81.
LL.D. (_Oxon._), 1786, 47.
his account of the discovery of _Uranus_ (1781, March 13), 4.
discovers two satellites to _Uranus_, 1787, Jan. 11, 84.
discovers two satellites to _Saturn_, 1789, August-September, 125.
invents machines for making reflectors (1788), 41.
began forty-foot telescope, 1785, finished it, 1789, 121.
biographical letter (1783), 3.
list of published portraits of him, 232.
value of his sister's assistance to him, 34.
letters to Carolina Herschel, 61, 63, 64, 114.
his personal character (1786-1800), 100 _et seq._
his relations to his cotemporaries, 85, 86, 87, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 99.
list of writings relating to him and to his works, 225.
his literary skill, 45.
examples of his style, 83 _et seq._
failure of health, 112 _et seq._
created a Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order (1816), 115.

Herschel (Sir William), first president of the Royal Astronomical Society
(1821), 115.
his will, 114.
his death, August 25th, 1822, 116.
his epitaph, 117.
list of his scientific writings, 215.
review of his scientific labors, 118.
the improvement of telescopes and apparatus, 121.
the relative brightness of the stars; variable stars, 130.
researches on double stars, 134.
researches on planets and satellites, 140.
researches on the nature of the sun, 145, 186, 198.
the motion of the solar system in space, 149.
researches on the construction of the heavens, 154.
scale of celestial measures; distances of the stars, 170.
researches on light, heat, etc., 176.
researches on the dimensions of the stars, 193.
on the spectra of the fixed stars, 195.
on the variable emission of light and heat from the sun, 198.
researches on nebulæ and clusters, 202.

Huyghens (C.), 50, 189.

King George III., 64, 77, 124, 126.

Lacaille (N. L.), 156, 202.

Lalande (Jerome), 28, 124, 156.

Lambert (J. H.), 153.

Lassell (W.), 143.

Lee (Miss), 61.

Lichtenberg (Herr), 3.

Lind (Dr. and Mrs.), 69.

Long (Dr.), 135.

Magellan (Herr), 3, 78.

Maskelyne (Nevil), 5, 51, 57, 62, 63, 150, 153.

Mayer (Christian), 94, 153.

Melloni (M.), 186.

Messier (C.), 202.

Michell (John), 52, 94, 137, 156.

Miller (Dr.), 19, 20, 21, 22.

Monson (Mrs.), 115.

Moritzen (Anna Ilse), m. Isaac Herschel, 7, 8.

Napoleon I., 108, 111.

Newton (Sir Isaac), 189, 190, 191, 192.

Olbers (William), 95.

Pabrich (Cappelmeister), 7.

Palmerston (Lord), 64.

Piazzi (Joseph), 75, 95.

Pierce (Charles S.), 132.

Pigott (J.), 119.

Poggendorff (J. G.), 188.

Ronzoni (Signor), 59.

Rosse (Lord), 122, 207.

Savary (M.), 139.

Secchi (Angelo), 195, 196.

Scheiner (C.), 199.

Schroeter (J. H.), 51, 77, 91, 92, 93.

Schwabe (H.), 201.

Short (James), 120.

Smith (Dr. Robert), 28.

Snetzler (Herr), 20, 21.

Struve (Otto von), 129.

Thomson (Thomas), 95.

Verdet (E.), 188.

Wainwright (Dr.), 20.

Walsh (Colonel), 62.

Watson (Sir William), 44, 58, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 75, 76.

Watt (James), 106.

Weld (R.), 126.

Wilson (Alexander), 52, 94, 146.

Zach (Baron von), 69.

THE END.

START OF TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:

I have used [alpha] to represent the greek letter used in the text.

page line In the Original text, left as is.
227 3 übersetzt
231 29 uebersetzt
18 24 Biographie universelle des musiciens
226 24 Biographie universelle des Musiciens
231 33 Koenigsberg, 1791. 8vo.
226 9 Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung
195 4 Fraunhofer
235 index Frauenhofer (J.), 195.
226 29 Vol. (all other occurances are) vol.
238 index Ronzoni (Signor), 59.
58 26 Ronzini

Original
page line Original text Replaced with
65 23 ornamented. ornamented."
117 31 [C] for letter C reversed CI[C]I[C]CCCXXII
216 25 den 18. May den 18. Mai
219 23 Suppl. Band., p. 238. Suppl. Band, p. 238.

END OF TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: