Chapter XXXIV

MY FLIGHT FROM SIBERIA—THE END OF MY JOURNEY ROUND THE WORLD—MY FRIEND
AXELROD AGAIN—CONCLUSION

The terrible events that had happened in the town, and the death of our unhappy fellow-citizens, could not but leave an indelible impression on many people’s minds, my own included. Blagovèstshensk had become so detestable to us that many left the place as soon as things were quiet again. Unfortunately I could not follow their example at once; but I determined on the first opportunity to transfer myself to the Far East, in which I had long been interested. I intended to settle in the busy commercial town of Vladivostock, and there patiently await the time when I might be free to return home. Before that time could arrive five or six years had still to pass; but the nearer the time came, the more irrepressible grew the desire to quit Siberia, and the thought of flight recurred again and again. Nevertheless doubts also arose whether it were worth while to jeopardise the freedom, however limited, that I had won by my sixteen years of prison and exile. If my attempt failed, I should have rendered myself liable to all the rigour of the law; and I was no longer of an age to bear suffering and privations as in youth, for I was now well past my fortieth year.

Thus did I hesitate backward and forward until the spring of 1901, when various personal reasons made me come to a definite decision, which resulted in my burning the bridge behind me, as the saying goes. I resolved to escape as soon as the Amur was open for travelling again.

Circumstances favoured my project; a kind friend who had a large connection throughout the country promised his aid, and the following plan seemed the easiest of execution. I was to leave Blagovèstshensk unobserved, going first to Habarovsk and thence to Vladivostock, where I must take my passage on a foreign vessel bound for Japan; and this I succeeded in carrying through, with the help of the friend above mentioned.

It need hardly be said that I cannot give all the details of my flight from Siberia, where I was under strict police supervision; for I must not compromise those who assisted me. As I went on board the steamboat that was leaving for Habarovsk, (of course, taking no luggage with me,) there suddenly appeared the deputy-_prìstav_ to whose district I belonged. Of course, at the first moment I thought my plans had been discovered, and I was not a little alarmed; but I was soon satisfied that the official had merely come to take leave of some friends who were travelling by the same boat. It evidently never entered his head that I was taking my departure from Blagovèstshensk under the very nose of the police; I suppose he thought that, like himself, I had come to say farewell to some friend, (which was quite permissible,) and I managed that he should lose sight of me, so that he might imagine I had gone home.

I found there were people of my acquaintance on board who belonged to the place; but they apparently never once thought that I was leaving Siberia for good; and in conversation with them I let it appear that I was travelling on some official commission. Our boat was a tug, and therefore went very slowly; it stopped at every village on the way, and took five days to reach Habarovsk. Here came my most perilous moment, as on leaving the steamer everyone had to show their passes, and of course I had none. I avoided this difficulty by staying on the boat for the night; and next morning I betook myself to the house of a friend, who came on board and fetched me. I spent the day with him, and we devoted it to seeing the town.

I had every intention of seeing as much as possible, during my journey eastwards, of this country—hitherto unknown to me—which was developing with such extraordinary rapidity, especially since the construction of the railway by the Ussur. Villages were springing up like mushrooms, and soon became towns of a considerable size. Habarovsk itself had developed from the insignificant hamlet of Habàrovka into an important town which is now the residence of the Governor-General of the Amur province. It is situated at the junction of the Amur with the Ussur, and stands in a most picturesque position on a steep and lofty cliff around whose base flow the two mighty rivers. But this chief town of a vast and fertile country is itself like nothing but a great barrack; nearly all the houses have the appearance of official buildings, and one meets soldiers in the streets at every turn. As in most Russian towns, there is no look of comfort; the streets are unpaved and very dusty, and are dimly lighted at night by oil lamps standing at a respectful distance from each other. I found the town museum, however, by no means ill-equipped.

Faithful to my intention of learning all I could about the country, I gladly accepted the invitation of a friend, near whose place of abode I must pass, and went to visit him at Nikolsk-Ussurìsk. This place had only within the year attained to the dignity of being called a town, and, like many others in the province, it swarmed with soldiers; which was explained by the fact that the slaughtering of Chinese was not yet entirely at an end, and, as was supposed, preparations were also being made for war with Japan. As the district lies in close proximity to China, Korea, and Japan, and is the probable theatre of future warlike operations, the Russian Government is apparently taking its measures in good time, and by drafting in large numbers of soldiers is converting the province into a sort of military camp.

After a stay of four-and-twenty hours at Nikolsk-Ussurìsk I went on to Vladivostock, a very pretty seaport of some thirty thousand inhabitants, for which—not without good grounds—a brilliant future is prophesied. Its situation is charming, and in its public arrangements it is already far in advance, not only of most Siberian towns, but also of many in European Russia. Here I stayed three days before I could arrange for my passage on a foreign vessel, but at length all was ready, and my last night in Siberia arrived. I slept but little. The thought that next morning I was to bid farewell to all that time had made so familiar to me mingled with my fears for the successful achievement of my escape. So often in my life had some small chance cruelly frustrated all my plans that I naturally trembled now for the result of the present adventure. I had no desire to find myself suddenly bound for the icy regions of Yakutsk instead of for the lands of freedom, and I prepared beforehand for every possibility.

All went well, however, and next morning I boarded a ship that was going to Japan. Yet, when the boat weighed anchor and danger no longer threatened me, a strange feeling of sadness came over me, as though I were parting, not from the land of prison and exile, but from a dear home. Thus can custom attach a man even to chains and bondage. But I felt that it was not only from use and wont that I was parting; I was not merely leaving Siberia, but Russia—and perhaps for ever.

* * * * *

It was a dismal day, the sky was covered with heavy clouds, and rain flowed in torrents. Our steamer rolled violently, and many of the passengers were seasick; but, though I had hardly ever been on the sea before, I remained immune, and rejoiced thereat, as I had another long voyage before me. We soon began to skirt the coast of the Korean peninsula, and entered two harbours, those of Gensan and Fusan, remaining four-and-twenty hours in each. I went on shore with some other passengers to see the towns, which in many respects resemble those of Japan—the same style of building, the same apparent superfluity of shops and booths. The Japanese appear to be the ruling spirits there, and the efforts of Russia to oust them do not seem likely to be crowned with success; nor in my opinion are they justified, for Japan has every right to exercise her civilising influence on Korea.

I also visited a Korean village in the neighbourhood of Gensan, and was astonished at its primitive character. It consisted of one very narrow street bordered by straw-thatched wooden huts, which had neither windows nor doors, the latter being replaced by loose boards. The whole population evidently lived principally in the street, carrying on all occupations there—cooking, eating, and so forth.

Five days after our departure from Vladivostock the steamer dropped anchor in the harbour of Nagasaki. As soon as the health regulations had been complied with I got into one of the little boats that had crowded alongside and went to an hotel close to the sea. Compared with Russian inns it seemed to me cheap, clean, and comfortable; and the Japanese servants spoke a little broken Russian.

In Nagasaki I had to decide how I would pursue my journey. I might go by the Suez Canal to one of the ports of Western Europe, and that was the shortest and cheapest route; but I had a great wish to see something of North America while the opportunity offered, and thus to complete the journey round the world that had been begun so much against my will. I inquired about the next boat for San Francisco, and found it would not leave for nine or ten days, but I resolved to employ the interval in seeing the neighbourhood.

Nagasaki is a rather large town of over one hundred thousand inhabitants, and lies scattered picturesquely over the hills that surround a fine bay. Most of the streets, especially in the Japanese quarter, are too narrow for horse traffic to be possible through them; horses are, therefore, replaced by men, who with their little two-wheeled carriages (_jinrikisha_) play the part of cab horses, and are called _kurnei_. There are so many of them that they literally stand before every house, and crowd in front of the hotels and big shops. They surround any stranger in the street, bidding against each other for his custom, and each trying to win his favour, chattering in broken Russian or English. For the modest sum of ten _sen_ (about 2½_d._) the course, or twenty _sen_ the hour, the _kurnei_ will take his “fare ” with marvellous swiftness up hill and down dale; and it not seldom happens that though the perspiration may be streaming from the brow of the _kurnei_, the “civilised” European in his little carriage may be seen laying a stick or an umbrella across his shoulders to urge him onward. The poor fellow who thus turns himself into a beast of burden must give almost half of his hardly earned day’s wage to the proprietor of the _jinrikisha_, and must also pay something to the State for the licence authorising him to support himself in this laborious way. His living, however, is cheap enough, his food consisting of rice and an inferior kind of fish.

Most of the houses in Nagasaki are two-storied wooden buildings, the ground-floor being used as a shop, inn, or workshop. It was a puzzle to me where all these innumerable shops could find customers, and how they managed to exist. In my rambles I often saw a whole row of shops without a single purchaser, and if one entered he was instantly surrounded as though a customer were the rarest of guests.

The houses in the Japanese quarter are built in a wonderfully light and airy fashion, as if just run up hastily for summer quarters. Throughout the town there reigns the most perfect order; the streets are excellently paved, and the portion before each house is kept clean and watered by the occupier. There is never the least dust, and the air is singularly mild and pure. One feels how each breath dilates and strengthens the lungs, and it is not to be wondered at that many Russians and English use Nagasaki as a health-resort.

The European quarter, along the quay, is full of hotels and restaurants, banks, and other houses of business. Here the streets are somewhat wider, and the houses more solidly built, with the lower stories of brick, while many of them have verandas and front gardens. Life in Nagasaki is wonderfully cheap, but it is also a trifle monotonous, particularly for a stranger not conversant with the language. There is little in the way of “sights”—two or three temples of Buddha, with gigantic pictures of Sakia-Mouni, a commercial institute with samples of native goods, and the well-known tea-houses; that is all the visitor is invited to inspect. But the neighbourhood is extremely beautiful, and at every step one is forced to admire the industry of the Japanese, who leave no inch of soil untilled; except the very tops of the rocky hills, all is carefully cultivated. And yet, notwithstanding this heavy labour that the Japanese expends upon his land, his existence seems to have something of the ethereal and fairylike; and many things in his wonderful country contribute to produce an impression of unreality, as if they were happening not in actual life, but on the screen of a cinematograph.

The “progress” that Japan has made during the latter half of the nineteenth century is doubtless very striking; but it seems to me overestimated by many Europeans and also by the Japanese themselves. Only a very small part of the population has been affected by Western civilisation—a thin layer of the upper classes in the coast towns. The rest of the people are scarcely touched by it; not only beliefs and customs, but the whole mode of living remains the same, both in town and country, as it has been from time immemorial. The primitive nature of the Japanese character reveals itself in the transparent honesty everywhere prevalent. No house or shop is shut up for the night; nobody touches what does not belong to him; and lost property when found is immediately restored to the owner. But in the seaports where European culture already makes its influence felt, it may be feared that the Japanese will soon adopt new ideas of “honour.”

I left Nagasaki on board the huge Pacific steamer _China_, belonging to an American company. The two days that the boat stopped at Yokohama I spent in visiting that town and the capital Tokio, which is reached in about twenty minutes by rail; but there is no need to give my superficial impressions of such well-known places.

During the first five days of the voyage I could talk with none of my fellow-passengers, as I spoke no English, and I found this very wearisome; but at Yokohama we were joined by a Frenchman, a German, and a Japanese who spoke a little German, and we four formed an interesting little international society, the members of which still keep in touch with one another.

On the sixteenth day we reached Honolulu, where our boat was to wait four-and-twenty hours. I had already heard when I was in Blagovèstshensk that a good friend of mine, Dr. N. Russel, was living on one of the Hawaiian islands; so I determined to find out whether he was in Honolulu, and if so to pay him a visit during the boat’s stay here. With the help of my French travelling-companion I managed to find out, though only towards evening, that my friend lived on the island of Hawaii, but that he happened just then to be in Honolulu. However, as when I found the house where he was staying he was not at home, I left a note telling him that an old comrade of his, who was travelling from Siberia to Western Europe, would like to see him, begging him to come on board the _China_ next morning and to ask for “the Russian.” I purposely signed my name very indistinctly, for I wanted to see if he would recognise me, as it was fully twenty years since we had met.

While I was on deck next day I saw a grey-haired gentleman in a white coat come on board. I went towards him at once, (though he bore no resemblance to my comrade of old days,) and when I found that he was seeking “the Russian” I called him by his name, and asked if he knew who I was. He looked at me for some time, but could not recognise me, so much had I altered since we had been together; and at last I had to tell him my name.

“Deutsch! is it you? How did you come here?” he cried, as he embraced me. I told him in a few words the story of my escape, and that I was on my way to Europe.

“And you’re going on this very day? No, we can’t allow that! You must stay with me. We’ll stay here for a day or two, and then you must come back to the farm with me!”

His invitation was so cordial that I should have accepted it immediately could I have afforded to forfeit the value of my ticket from Honolulu to San Francisco, about fifty dollars; but when Dr. Russel understood my difficulty he cried—

“Nonsense! That shan’t prevent you. If you lose your money I shall pay the difference myself.” And after some discussion I yielded to his insistence, and went on shore with him.

I found that Dr. Russel was not only practising as a physician in Hawaii, but that he was a member of the Senate, and was at present in Honolulu to attend the session of that legislative body; consequently I remained there for several days, and had full time to admire the lovely town. I then went back with my friend to the island of Hawaii, where his wife awaited us, and there spent a month; during which time I learned from the Russels and their friends, and also from books, a great deal about both the present and past history of these wonderful islands. The lives of the natives exhibit much that is curious, and also much that is tragic; but I must not dilate on all that I saw. I will only mention the fact that the Hawaiians are dying out with almost inconceivable rapidity. Of the strong, healthy race, who when Cook discovered the islands numbered four hundred thousand souls, after the lapse of not quite a hundred years only about twenty thousand are left, and this remnant afflicted with various diseases that were unknown previous to the arrival of Europeans.

My stay with the Russels gave me much pleasure; we made expeditions to various parts of the island, to see the volcano Kilauea, the sugar plantations, the native villages, and so on; and we were never tired of congratulating ourselves on the turn of fortune that had brought us together on this island of the Pacific. At last, towards the end of July, after a delightful visit, I set out on my travels once more, this time in a sailing-ship. We were twenty-six days on the journey to San Francisco; though the weather was generally fine, I became heartily tired of the voyage, and was very glad when on the evening of August 25th we arrived in the harbour of San Francisco. Dr. Russel had given me introductions to friends of his, and with their help I made myself at home in the Californian capital. After ten days’ rest there I went on to Chicago, and so to New York.

In Chicago I was received, through a letter of introduction, by two Polish Socialists, immigrants who were living there. They welcomed me very kindly, but unfortunately my ticket did not allow of my remaining with them more than two days. President McKinley had been assassinated on the very day before my arrival in Chicago; people had quite lost their heads, and turned upon peaceable Socialists, accusing them of anarchism. My friends therefore advised me to be careful in travelling, and not to use my own name; so I selected a pseudonym and travelled _incognito_.

In New York another comrade, Dr. Ingermann, received me, and I stayed in his house four weeks; after which I embarked in the English steamship _Satrapia_ for Liverpool. I pass over my voyage, a stay of two weeks in London, and the same in Paris, as containing nothing worthy of note. Everywhere on the Continent I met with old comrades, many of whom had changed much during the long years of our separation. Some could not recognise me at all, others only with difficulty; all regarded me as one come from another world.

From Paris I went to Zurich. This was the final point of my six months’ journey from Blagovèstshensk, and here dwelt my old friends the Axelrods,[117] from whom I had parted seventeen and a half years before. After a journey round the world of not quite the usual type, I returned to them again on November 5th, 1901.

Footnote 117:

See chap. i. _et seq._—_Trans._

“Look! he hasn’t changed a bit,” cried Axelrod, as he pointed me out to his wife at the station. But it was only at the first moment of meeting that it seemed so to him.

* * * * *

For over a year now I have been living again in freedom, going about from one town to another. During that time I have learned to feel at home in more than one European country; but it may be readily believed that what is passing in my native land interests me beyond everything else. Eighteen years make but a brief span in the life of a nation; yet during that period a transformation has come over Russia that must meet the eyes of even a superficial observer. At the time of my arrest at Freiburg, in 1884, there were but a few groups of revolutionists, and they were recruited chiefly from the young student classes, who rebelled against existing social and political conditions. And, as I have explained, owing to the methods of wholesale executions and arrests adopted by the Government, these organisations dwindled and almost entirely disappeared; so that from the end of the eighties thorough-going reaction was triumphant for a time. Of late years, however, it has been quite otherwise. The publications issued by our secret press and distributed throughout the length and breadth of the Russian Empire, calling on the people to rise against the existing despotism, number above one hundred thousand, and they meet with energetic response among the population of large towns and factory districts. Workmen collect in great crowds in the streets along with the students, and by means of monster demonstrations they voice their demand for political freedom and the abolition of autocratic government. The Tsar and his ministers endeavour by the most cruel and severe measures to quench the torch that has been kindled in the land: the greater part of Russia has been placed under martial law; the prisons can hardly contain the numbers of their captives; those who protest against such a régime are sent to Siberia by the trainload. But nothing can stem the tide of the movement; it will rise higher and higher, embracing ever wider circles of the people, and the hour is not far off when autocracy will be laid low, as it was in Western Europe so many generations ago. My flight from Siberia has taken place at a moment in our history which is full of hope for the future.

In Western Europe also great changes have taken place during the last two decades, though none, perhaps, so significant as in Russia. In Germany the special laws against Social Democrats have been repealed; and this has not only made a great difference to our party, but has altered the internal life of the nation in a striking manner. In one respect, however, Germany has made no advance: she is still ready to lend her aid to Russian despotism. Just in the same manner as I was arrested and delivered over to the Russian Government eighteen years ago, though guilty of no offence against German law, so a compatriot of mine has suffered a like fate even while I have been writing this memoir. The Russian student Kalayev was arrested in Mysolowitz (1902) without any warrant, and handed over to the Russian gendarmerie; since which he has not been heard of. The Prussian police have in no way altered their methods during the years that have flown; but to the credit of the German people I must admit, that with the exception of official journals, the entire press was most indignant over this complaisance of the German Government towards the Russian.

THE END

INDEX

Administrative methods, 34, 36, 65, 293;
“politicals” exiled by, 105, 107, 285, 326;
institution of banishment by, viii

Agàpov, Stephen, 182

Aigùn, 329

Akatoui, new prison at, 292;
order for the removal of prisoners to, 294

Aksha, 193

Alexander I., vi

Alexander II., vii;
attempts against his life, 10, 11, 117, 219;
result of his assassination, 230;
mode of his assassination, 264

Alexander III., his policy, 130;
surmises as to his possible assassination, 230;
attempt on his life, 259;
manifesto pardoning convicts, 307;
his death, 316

Alexandrovo, 46

Alexandròvskaya, plot to undermine station at, 269

Alexei-Ravelin tower of the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 219, 260, 262

Alexèiev, mayor of Tchita, 174

“Alleviation, time of,” 236

Alphabetical code used in communications between prisoners, 51 n.

_Amur Gazette, The_, 341

_Amur Province, The_, 341

Amur, Province of the, 328;
under martial law, 337

Amur River, 328;
massacre on banks of, 334-337

Antònov, his execution, 104 n., 188 n.

Anùtchin, Governor-General, 189 n.

Archangel, 285

Armfeld, Natalia, 206;
death, 207

_Artèl_, or union, the criminals’, 155 n., 160, 177-180;
system of, in Kara prison, 221

Aschenbrenner, Captain, 115 n.

Asia and Europe, boundary post between, 147

Axelrod, 16, 17 n., 357

Axelrod, Frau, 2, 28

Baikal, Lake, 195

Balagansk, 187

Balamutz, Andreas, 235 n.

Barabash, General, military governor of Tchita, 174

Barannikov, 264

Basel, 1;
University, 14

Bastille, anniversary of the storming of, celebrated, 283

Batarèvitch, 338

Belino-Bshezòvsky, 122

Berèsov, 152

Berezniàk, 210;
his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
attempt to rescue Medvèdiev, 261;
arrest and sentence, 262

Berg, Baron, 70

Berg, Herr von, the Public Prosecutor, 28, 33

Berlin, journey to, 44;
gaol at, 45

Beverley, his attempt to escape from Kiëv prison, 99;
shot, 100

“Biscuits,” meaning of the term, 177

Bìtshkov, Vladimir, his disappearance from Kiëv prison, 100

Bitshoug, River, 323

Blagovèstshensk, 327;
siege of, 332;
massacre near, 334-337

Bobohov, Sergius, his career, 285;
sentence, 286;
characteristics, 286;
on the threat of flogging, 287;
commits suicide, 290

Bogdanòvitch, his recognition of Deutsch, 38, 39, 40;
in Petersburg, 71;
assassination, 71 n.

Bogolyùbov, flogged, 288

Bogomòletz, Sophia, her escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189
n.
story of her life, 191;
in Kara prison, 269;
removed, 271

Bohanòvsky, his escape from Kiëv prison, 10, 15, 99 n., 210 n.

Bolshakov, Governor, 207

“Bombists,” 131

Borisòvitch, 120

Bosnia, insurrection in, 85

Boundary post between Europe and Asia, 147

Brantner, his execution, 104 n., 188 n.

Bubnovsky, the locksmith, 241

Bulìgin, Alexander, 3, 17 n.

Bulìgin, Frau, her visit to Freiburg prison, 30

_Bunt_, meaning of the word, 9 n.

Burlei, Captain, Commandant of Kara prison, 237

“Butirki,” or the Central Prison of Moscow, 110;
number of prisoners, 111

Butzèvitch, 268

Butzìnsky, 57 n.

Buyanov, 340

“Carrier-pigeons,” meaning of the term, 59

“Case of the 193,” 86, 234 n.

Census, orders for a, 317;
report to be drawn up, 319;
conference at Stanitsa Aigùnskaya, 321

Cesarèvitch, his journey through Siberia, 309

Cheesemonger’s shop, subterranean passage from, 268

Chicago, 356

_China_, Pacific steamer, 354

Chinese, their attack on the Russian boats at Aigùn, 329;
character, 332;
treatment by the Russians, 333;
massacred, 335-337;
appropriation of their property, 339-341

Code, alphabetical, used in communications between prisoners, 51 n.

“Commune room” in Kara prison, inmates of, 257

Convict, a criminal, his appearance, 154;
of “unknown antecedents,” 163;
his views, 164;
mode of living, 165;
tramps, 165;
treatment of, 167

Convict labour, employment of, in Kara, 311

Convicts, equipment of, 95;
head-shaving, 95;
fetters, 95;
dress, 96;
appearance, 112;
loss of clothes at Tchita, 201

Convoy officers, their character, 180;
treatment of the prisoners, 180-182

Convoy-stations, 158

Criminals, ordinary, distinction between “politicals,” 97 n.;
regulations, 135;
the “Ivans,” 155;
passion for gambling, 159;
relations with the “politicals,” 163;
tramps, 165;
escape of, 165;
character, 166, 171, 175;
treatment, 167;
influence of the “Ivans,” 175

Dashkièvitch, Peter, 119;
sentence, 137;
exile, 151

Debagòrio—Makrièvitch, Vladìmir, 104;
his mode of escape, 155

Decabrists, revolt of the, vi, 200

Degàiev, a member of the _Naròdnaia Vòlya_, 43;
his treachery, 43 n.;
sentence on, 82

Degàiev, Mdme., 119

_Dessyàtnik_, or village constable, 314

Detention, House of, at Freiburg, 5;
Petersburg, 57;
rules, 58;
outdoor exercise, 60;
system of communication, 66

Deutsch, Leo, at Freiburg, 3;
arrest, 4, 10;
imprisoned, 5;
joins the “Propagandist movement,” 6;
member of the _Kiëv Buntari_, 9;
attempt on the life of Gorinòvitch, 9;
escapes from Kiëv, 10, 98;
examination, 12;
recognition of Prof. Thun, 14;
statement of his case, 17;
founds the League for the Emancipation of Labour, 17 n.;
religious opinions, 24;
his photograph, 27;
change of cell, 28;
plans of escape, 31;
interviews with the Public Prosecutor, 33-36, 37;
defence, 34;
charges against, 35;
extradition demanded, 35;
preparations for the journey to Russia, 41;
at Frankfurt-am-Main prison, 42;
Berlin prison, 45;
Granitza, 46;
Fortress of Peter and Paul, 48;
first examination, 52;
deprived of his spectacles, 55;
at the House of Detention in Petersburg, 57-72;
reasons for his confinement in the fortress, 61-63;
methods of communication between prisoners, 65, 66;
at Odessa prison, 73;
hunger-strikes, 76, 277;
method of hearing news, 81;
brief military career, 84-87;
terms of his indictment, 87;
trial, 88-91;
sentence, 91;
made to assume the dress of a convict, 95;
a “political” prisoner, 97;
at Kiëv prison, 98;
at Moscow prison, 110;
unfastens his fetters, 124;
preparations for leaving Moscow, 138;
revolt against head-shaving, 139;
on the journey by boat, 142, 151;
at Tiumen, 148;
at Tomsk, 153;
offered a “swop,” 154-157;
friendly relations with convicts, 163;
at Krasnoyarsk, 184;
at Irkutsk, 189;
at Verkhny-Udinsk, 196;
loss of his fetters, 199;
at Tchita prison, 201;
Nertchinsk, 204;
Kara, 206;
in the “nobles’ room,” 215;
in the “Sanhedrin room,” 240;
attack of scurvy, 245;
in the “Commune room,” 257;
his release, 299;
at the penal settlement, 300;
his work, 302;
hut, 303;
relations with the peasants, 312;
his treatment of the _prìstav_, 314;
assists in taking the census, 317-322;
search for a monumental stone, 323;
at Stretyensk, 325;
his longing for home, 327;
at Blagovèstshensk, 327;
flight from Siberia, 347;
at Habarovsk, 349;
Nikolsk-Ussurìsk, 349;
Vladivostock, 350;
Nagasaki, 351-353;
Yokohama, 354;
Honolulu, 354;
Hawaii, 355;
San Francisco, 356;
Chicago, 356;
New York, 357;
Zurich, 357

Dihovsky, Moses, 235 n.

Dmohovsky, his burial, 234 n.

Dnieper, 99 n., 143

_Doha_, or cloak, 317

Dorpat, 15

Dostoiëvsky, _Memoirs from the Dead-house_, 293

Drebyasghin, condemned to death, 11, 62

Drenteln, General, 217;
attempt on his life, 218

Dühring, Eugene, 212, 216

Dulemba, 259

Dzvonkyèvitch, his attempt to escape on the march to Siberia, 170;
in Kara prison, 210

Easter, celebration of, in Russia, 134

Ekaterinburg, 144

Elisavetgrad, _Kiëv Buntari_ at, 9

Erthel, 65

Espionage in German prison, 25

_Étape_, or halting-station, 147, 149, 203

Europe and Asia, boundary post between, 147

Exiles, 148, 198, 293 n., 307

Extradition, treaty between Germany and Russia, 6, 53;
Deutsch’s, 40, 62;
Gotz’s attempted, 282 n.

Fetters, fastening on, 95;
loss, 199;
permission to break, 124-126

Fifty, trial of the, 205

Figner, Vera, her appearance, 80;
arrest, 80 n.;
sentence, 115 n., 118;
her character, 116, 118;
revolutionary views, 116;
impressions of the peasants, 117;
attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
in Schlüsselburg for life, 118

Flogging, punishment of, 285, 288, 291

Fomin, imprisoned in Kara, 241;
his industry, 241;
studies natural science, 242;
release, 299 n.

Fomitchòv, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
in Kara prison, 241;
sentence, 242;
chained to the wheelbarrow, 242;
his defence of the Tsar, 243;
attack on Pohorukov, 296;
his reasons for it, 297;
term of imprisonment lengthened, 298

Food, in Freiburg prison, 23;
in Fortress of Peter and Paul, 50;
in Moscow prison, 132;
in Kara prison, 221

“Fourteen, trial of the,” 112, 115

Frankfurt-am-Main, 42;
governor of the gaol at, 42

Freiburg, 1;
journey to, 2;
arrested at, 4;
imprisoned, 5;
departure from, 42

Freiburg prison, 21

Frolènko, assists prisoners to escape from Kiëv, 98, 99 n.;
his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
sentence, 117 n.

Fusan harbour, 351

Galitzin, Prince, Vice-Governor of Moscow, 136

Galkin-Vrassky, head of the Prisons Department, 136, 234;
in Kara, 235

Gambling, habit of, 159, 177

Garden, laying out a, in Kara prison, 254

Gèhkin, Baron, murdered, 70;
allows Luryè to escape, 86

Gèhlis, 57 n.

Gendarmerie, the Russian, x, 46

Gensan harbour, 351

Germany, Social-Democratic movement, law against, 1;
methods, 213;
repealed, 358

Germany, conditions of prison life, 22;
the Public Prosecutor, 27

Gold, search for, in the River Kara, 305

Goldenberg, his statement, 92

Golubtsòv, captain of the guard, 208;
his relations with the “politicals,” 272;
advice to Masyukov, 273;
transferred to the section for ordinary criminals, 296

Gorinòvitch, Nicholas, his treachery, 9;
attempt against his life, 9, 35, 53;
deposition, 89

Gotz, Michael, attempt to obtain his extradition, 282 n.

Granitza, the frontier station, 46

Gratchènsky, 268

Gribsky, General, N. R., military governor of the Amur province, 329;
on the massacre of the Chinese, 342;
order to annihilate Chinese, 342

Grodèkov, General, 91

Grodekov, Governor-General, 329

Gruzia, 205

Grỳnevitsky, assassinates Alexander II., 264;
death, 264 n.

Habarovsk, 329, 348, 349

Halting-stations, 147, 160, 180, 203

Hawaii, island of, 355

Head-shaving, process of, 95, 120;
dispensation, 126;
revolt against, 139

Herzegovina, insurrection in, 85

Herzfeld, Sophia Löschern von, 266, 267

Hodinsky, plain of, 343

Honolulu, 354

Hrùstchov, Nicholas, sentence, 234 n.;
escape from Kara prison, 234;
recapture, 235;
his manual work, 241

Hunger-strikes, 190, 263, 273, 277, 284;
method of, 76

“Illegals,” meaning of the term, 9 n.

Ilyashèvitch, Governor, 193, 235;
attempt on his life, 193

Ingermann, Dr., 357

Irkutsk prison, 189

Irtisch, 151

Isbìtsky, Ladislas, 171

Isbìtsky, V., his attempt to escape from Kiëv prison, 99, 155

_Ispravnik_, or head of the district police, 145

Ivanein, Karl, 241

Ivànov, Basil, his escape from Kiëv prison, 100

Ivànov, Colonel, 68

Ivànov, I., 57 n.

Ivànova, Sophia, 196

Ivanòvskaya, Praskòvya, 269

Ivàntchenko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.

Japan, progress of, 353;
character of the people, 354

Kalayev, his arrest, 359

Kalyùshnaya, Maria, her attempt on the life of Colonel Katànsky, 82;
sentenced to penal servitude, 82, 151, 157;
her longing for freedom, 172;
at Nertchinsk prison, 204;
at Ust-Kara, 206;
in Kara prison, 269;
joins in a hunger-strike, 273;
takes poison, 288

Kalyùshny, Alexander, his attempted escape from Irkutsk prison, 189 n.;
a “Sirius,” 229;
appointed intermediary in the women’s hunger-strike, 273;
commits suicide, 290

Kama, the, 142

Kanonovitch, Colonel, 342

Kara penal settlement, 227 n., 300;
legal regulations, 236;
_see_ Nizhnaya-Kara

Kara prison, escape of prisoners, 57 n., 234;
arrival at, 209;
nicknames of rooms, 215;
the “nobles’
room,” 215;
system regulating the prisoners’ daily life, 221;
the _artèl_, 221;
allowance of food, 221;
distribution of money, 221;
“May days” events, 233;
work of gold-washing, 233;
rebuilt, 235;
measures against the “politicals” in, 235, 236;
changes of commandants, 236;
modifications, 236;
the “Sanhedrin room,” 240;
first spring in, 245;
monotony of the life, 248;
physical exercise, 254;
garden, 254;
concessions under Colonel Masyukov, 256, 257;
the “Commune room,” 257;
number of prisoners, 259;
women “politicals,” 266-269;
conditions of life, 270;
order for the removal of prisoners to Akatoui, 294;
release of others, 298

Kara River, 300;
gold-washing settlements, 233;
search for, 305

Karanlov, 120

Karovàiev, the exiled Decabrist, 200

Kashintsev, Ivan, his term of imprisonment, 198;
escape, 199

“Kassiber,” or written message, 25

Katànsky, Colonel, attempt on his life, 82

“Katorga,” or penal servitude, 196;
sentences, alleviation of, 236

Katz, exiled to Siberia, 36

Kennan, George, his travels, 202;
_Siberia and the Exile System_, v, 206 n.;
his visit to Kara, 239

Ketteler, Baron von, his murder, 328

Khàrkov, 80, 92, 119, 261, 263

Khàrkov gaol, attempted rescue from, 261

Khàrkov, Governor of, assassinated, 93

Khàrkov, University of, 273

Khàrkov, Veterinary College at, 215

Kherson, 192

Kibàltchitch, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
executed, 117 n.

_Kiëv Buntari_, 9

Kiëv prison, 10, 98;
escapes from, 10, 99, 100;
arrival at, 98;
independent spirit of the prisoners, 101

Kiëv University, riots in, 103

Kilauea volcano, 356

Knocking, communication between prisoners by means of, 51, 56, 65;
use of alphabetical code, in 51 n.

Kobiliànsky, in the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 56;
sent to Schlüsselburg, 57 n.;
death, 57 n.

Kòbozev, 268.

Kohn, 259;
his release from Kara prison, 299 n.

Kolotkèvitch, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
sentence, 117 n.

Kopeck, value of, 142 n., 159, 222 n.

Korba, Anna, 267, 268

Korean peninsula, 351

Korf, Baron, Governor-General, his treatment of Elizabeth Kovàlskaya,
271;
on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 294

Korniènko, 186

Koros, Commandant of Kara prison, 236

Kostyurin, Victor, sentence, 11;
his release from prison, 206;
meeting with Deutsch, 207

Kotliarèvsky, Deputy Public Prosecutor, 53;
his faculty for keen observation, 54;
on the reason for Deutsch’s confinement in the Fortress of Peter and
Paul, 61-63;
on the “old clothes case,” 64;
on the murder of Mèzentzev, 70;
appointed President of the Courts at Vilna, 72

Kovalèvskaya, Maria, details of her life, 187;
character, 188, 190;
hunger-strike, 189, 273, 284;
sufferings, 190;
views, 191;
her arrival at Kara prison, 271;
treatment of the doctor, 284;
takes poison, 288

Kovalèvsky, 188

Kovalièv, 122

Kovàlik, attempts to escape from prison, 260

Kovàlskaya, Elizabeth, her escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture,
189 n.;
attempts to escape, 197;
in Kara prison, 269;
her behaviour to the Governor-General, 271;
removal ordered, 271;
her removal at night, 272

Kovàlsky, Captain, 98

Kòziriov, 172

Krasnoyarsk, 170;
arrival at, 184;
prison, 184;
regulations, 185

Kratzenovsky, 235 n.

Kravtchìnsky, S., his attempt on the life of General Mèzentzev, 92, 263

Krayev, released, 11

Kremutshy, 99 n.

Kridner, Nicholas, Deutsch under name of, 14

Krivènko, 65

Kropotkin, Prince, Governor of Khàrkov, 93

Kropotkin, Prince Peter, 263

_Kulaki_, or usurers, 176

Kurgan, 205

Kùritzin, his release, 11;
turns traitor, 69 n.

_Kurnei_, 352

Kutitònskaya, Maria, her arrest, 192;
sentence, 193;
attempt on the life of Ilyashèvitch, 193;
appearance, 193;
death, 193

Kuznetsov, 323

Kviatkòvsky, sentenced to death, 214

“Labour, League for the Emancipation of,” 17 n., 21, 212

Lavrov, Peter, 82

Làzarev, Yegor, in Moscow prison, 129;
elected chief of the commissariat, 132;
banished to Eastern Siberia, 151;
on the conduct of the Chief of Police at Irkutsk, 194;
interned at Tchita, 202

League for the Emancipation of Labour, 17 n., 21, 212

Lèbedieva, imprisoned at Kara, 266;
her death, 266

Leiblen, Herr, 13, 18

Lesnik, Colonel, Governor of the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 49

Lesnoye, 117

Letters, reception of, in Kara prison, 250, 251

Levtchenko, 235 n.

Li-Wa-Chan, 335

Librarian, post of, in Kara prison, 227

Lisogùb, 192, 242;
condemned to death, 192 n.

Lissenko, on the reason for his murders, 304;
illegal trade, 305

Listvinitchnaya, 195

Literature, socialistic, prohibition of, in Russia, 1;
printed in Switzerland, 1

Liverpool, 357

London, 357

Lopàtin, Hermann, 82;
his arrest, 121

Luri, 259;
his release from prison, 298

Luryè, Semen, his escape from Kiëv, 86

Lustig, Ferdinand, on the conditions of life in Kara, 195

Lyòchky, his execution in Irkutsk prison, 189 n.

Maidànsky, condemned to death, 11, 62

Makeyeva, Madame, her entreaties for the life of her Chinese servant,
338

Màlaya Sadòvaya Street, 268

Malinka, condemned to death, 11, 62

Maltchèvsky, Captain, 111;
his treatment of the prisoners, 113;
testimonial to, 139

Malyòvany, Vladimir, exiled to Siberia, 105, 151;
death, 105 n.;
vein of humour, 109

Manayev, 237

Manchuria, entry of Russian army into, 345

Mankòvsky, 259

Martinovsky, _stàrosta_ at Kara prison, 209, 217;
his character, 217;
sentence, 217;
release, 299 n.

Marx, Karl, his doctrines, 17 n.;
_Capital_, 139, 212

Masyukov, Colonel, commandant of Kara prison, 255;
appearance, 255;
character, 256;
concessions, 256;
his treatment of Elizabeth Kovàlskaya, 272;
wish to be transferred, 274;
“boycotted” by the women, 278;
struck by Sigida, 280;
his successor appointed, 298

“May days” events, 233

McKinley, President, his assassination, 356

Medvèdiev, Alexei, his attempted rescue from prison, 215, 262;
escape from Khàrkov gaol and recapture, 261;
sentence, 262;
character, 262;
predisposition to alcoholism, 263

Melikov, Count Loris, Minister of the Interior, 234;
decree against the “politicals,” 234;
annulled, 236

Melnikova, 110

Mendelssohn, Stanislas, his escape from prison, 46

Merkúlov, 80 n.

_Messenger, The European_, 250

Mèzentzev, General, murdered, 70, 92, 218, 263

Mihaïlov, Adrian, a “Sirius,” 229;
arrest and sentence, 264;
his remarkable memory, 264;
release from Kara prison, 299 n.

Mihailovsky, N., 212

“Militarists,” 131

Minuisinsk, 187;
_ispravnik_ of, 187

“Minuses,” nickname of, 223

Minyukov, 235 n.

Mirsky, his attempt on the life of General Drenteln, 218;
arrest and sentence, 219;
appearance, 220;
views on social conditions in Russia, 220;
on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 295;
release from Kara prison, 299 n.

Mongolia, 137

Moor, Karl, 14, 16

Morphia, poisoning by, 289

Moscow, journey to, 106;
arrival at, 110;
departure from, 140;
the high-road from, 169

Moscow prison, 110

Moscow railway, train blown up, 11, 219

Mouraviev, the Public Prosecutor, 52;
attempt on his life, 122

Music, cultivation of, in Kara prison, 253

Myshkin, his escape from Kara prison, 234;
capture, 235

Mysolowitz, 359

Mysovaya, 196

Nabòkov, Minister of Justice, 61;
petition to, 87;
his visit to Odessa prison, 94

Nagasaki, 351-353

Narim, 152

_Naròdnaia Vòlya_, 4, 13, 196;
collapse, 131;
power, 230

“Naròdnaia Vòlya, Red Cross League of the,” 64

_Neblàgonadyèshny_, or untrustworthy, 107

Nertchinsk prison, condition of, 204

Netshaëv case, 259

New York, 357

Nicholas I., vii;
revolt on his accession, 200 n.

Nicholas II., manifestoes on his marriage and coronation, 316

Nijni-Kolymsk, 281

Nijni-Novgorod, 142

Nijni-Udînsk, 186

Nikolin, Captain, Governor of Kara prison, 195;
his character, 198, 237;
treatment of the prisoners, 237;
appearance, 238;
nickname, 238;
excess of zeal, 239;
tyrannies, 246;
departure, 247

Nikolsk-Ussurîsk, 349

Nizhnaya-Kara, 206;
penal settlement at, 300;
population, 300;
regulations, 301;
work, 302;
monotony of the life, 310;
employment of convict labour, 311

“Nobles’ room” in Kara prison, inmates of, 215

Novakòvsky, 186

Novìtsky, Colonel, 103

Nyèüstroyev, his execution in Irkutsk prison, 189 n.

Obi, 151, 153

_Ochrana_, or secret police, 43 n.

Odessa, 9;
journey to, 73

Odessa prison, 74

Olchin, A., 219

“Old clothes case,” 64;
work of the society, 133

Olshàninov, 52

Opium, poisoning by, 289

Orfenov, Colonel, on the means of defence in Blagovèstshensk, 330

Oriel, 109

Orlov, Paul, mode of escape, 55;
in Kara prison, 209

Ossìnsky, 99 n;
attempt on the life of Kotliarèvsky, 53

Ostàshkin, Vice-Governor, in command of the province of Yakutsk, 281

Ostiaks, 152

Ozovsky, 259

Pankràtov, 120

Paris, 357

Pashkòvsky, 259

Perm, 142

Perovskaya, Sophia, 196

Peter and Paul, Fortress of, 48, 52, 54, 57 n., 99, 101, 166 n., 219,
236, 260, 263, 265, 269;
rations, 50;
outdoor exercise, 51;
knocking between prisoners, 51;
Alexei-Ravelin tower, 219, 260, 262

Petersburg, arrival in, 48;
departure from, 72

Petersburg House of Detention, 57;
rules, 58;
outdoor exercise, 60;
system of communication, 66

_Piròg_, or sort of pie, 226

Plehànov, 17 n.;
_Socialism and the Political Struggle_, 213

Plehve, chief of the Central Department of the State Police, 55

“Pluses,” nickname of, 223

Pohitònov, Captain, 115 n.

Pohorukov, attack on, 296;
superintendent of Nizhnaya-Kara, settlement, 301

Pohùlov, Major, Governor of the ordinary convicts prison, 239;
his system of robbery, 240

Polish insurrection of 1863, vii, 48

“Politicals,” method of the Government in dealing with, 40 n.;
system of communication in prison, 51, 66;
distinction between ordinary criminals, 97 n.;
equality, 128, 131;
demeanour of the staff towards, 136;
separation, 150;
hardships of the journey to Siberia, 158;
dispute about the hour for starting, 161-163;
relations with the criminals, 163;
escapes from prison, 189 n., 234;
work of gold-washing, 233;
privileges, 234;
decree against, 234;
annulled, 236;
measures against, 235;
modifications, 236;
petitions for pardon, 277;
join in a hunger-strike, 277;
expiration of the sentence, 293 n.;
release of, 298, 299 n.;
relations with the peasants, 312;
women, 266-269;
conditions of life in prison, 270;
relations with the authorities, 270;
disputes, 271;
their hunger-strikes, 273, 277, 284;
boycott Captain Masyukov, 278;
sufferings, 279

Poltava, 107

Pood, value of, 308 n.

Popko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.

Popov, Michael, 57 n.

Posen, Nicholas, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n;
in Kara prison, 244;
his passion for argument, 244;
petition for pardon, 277

Post, arrival of, in Kara prison, 249;
the “secret,” 251

Pressnyàkov, sentenced to death, 214

Prikastshikov, 340

Prison at Akatoui, 292;
Berlin, 45;
Frankfurt-am-Main, 42;
Freiburg, 21;
Irkutsk, 189;
Kara, 209;
Kiëv, 98;
Krasnoyarsk, 184;
Moscow, 110;
Nertchinsk, 204;
Odessa, 74;
Tomsk, 154

Prisoners, distinction between ordinary and “political,” 97 n.;
“children of misfortune,” 142;
institution of the _artèl_, 177-180;
ordinary, 176;
sectarians, 176;
“biscuits,” 177;
relations with the escort, 203;
“politicals,” 40;
“on probation,” meaning of the term, 191, 236;
suicide of, 288;
release, 298, 299 n.;
_see_ Prìstav“Politicals.”

_Prìstav_, or commissioner of the police, 312;
his treatment of the peasants, 312;
of Leo Deutsch, 314;
superintends the taking of the census, 318-322

Prìsyetskaya, 191

“Probation time,” 236

“Proletariat, case of the,” 259

“Propagandist movement,” viii;
meaning of the term, 6;
its character, 7;
treachery in the, 8

Protopòpov, 65

Prybylyev, acts as medical adviser, 226;
his assistance to Pohorukov, 296;
release from Kara prison, 299 n.

Prybylyèva, Raissa, 206, 207

Ptshèlkina, Anna, 105, 106

Pugatchev, 110

Rashko, his attempt to rescue Alexei Medvèdiev, 261;
arrest, 262

Rasìn, Stenka, 70

Rechnyèvskaia, Vitolda, 102

Rechnyèvsky, Thaddeus, 102, 259;
release from prison, 298

Red Cross League of the _Naròdnaia Vòlya_, 64;
work of the, 133

“Red” terrorism, meaning of the term, 10 n.

Rogachev, Lieutenant, 115

Romny, 107;
reading society at, 107;
arrest of “conspirators,” 108

Rosen, Dr., 77 n.

Ròssikova, Elena, 192;
her arrest and sentence, 192;
in Kara prison, 269;
removed, 271

Roth, inspector, 25, 28, 37

Rouble, value of a, 59 n., 222 n.

Rozòvsky, case of, 39

Rubìnok, his sentence, 121;
banished to Eastern Siberia, 151;
sent to Yakutsk, 195

Rumania, 36

Russakov, 264

Russel, Dr. N., 354;
his meeting with Deutsch, 355

Russia, “administrative methods,” 34, 36, 65, 293;
institution of banishment by, viii;
army, volunteer in the, 85;
census, orders for a, 317;
Christian names, use of, 104;
criminal code, 87, 293 n.;
Easter, custom at, 134;
extradition treaty, 6;
gendarmes, character of, 46;
literature, socialistic, prohibition of, 1;
“politicals,” method in dealing with, 40 n.;
prison regulations, 126;
Propagandist movement, viii, 6;
its character, 7;
reaction, 276, 357;
Social Democracy, expansion of the movement, 326;
views on, 212;
terrorists, number of, 64;
village communes, power of the, 176;
Workmen’s Union, 191, 198 n.

Russìnov, Councillor, 275;
his proposals of recantation, 276

Saghalien, island of, 91, 293, 311

Saghalien, Chinese village of, 328;
Russians take possession of, 345

Samoyedes, 152

San Francisco, 356

“Sanhedrin room,” in Kara prison, inmates of, 240

_Satrapia_, steamship, 357

Schlüsselburg fortress, 43 n., 57 n., 91, 117 n., 118, 120, 189 n.,
214, 236, 260, 265

Scurvy, attack of, 245

Sectarians in Siberia, 176

Semyanovsky, commits suicide, 234

_Sen_, value of, 352

Serbìnova, 110

Seya, 344

Shabanov, the deputy-_prìstav_, 335;
on the massacre at Amur, 336;
appropriation of Chinese property, 341

Shebalìn, 120

Shebalina, Paraskovya, 102, 119;
death, 121

Shilka River, 325

Shilkinskaya, Vòlost, 319

Shtchedrin, 57 n.;
his sentence, 189 n.

Shtchulèpnikòva, Barbara, 119, 151, 157

Shtshulèpnikov, Senator, 128

Shturkòvsky, 57 n.

Siberia, army, decision to mobilise, 328;
Cesarèvitch, journey of the, through, 309;
Government, corruption of the, 168;
houses, appearance of the, 172;
inhabitants, character, 173-175;
prisoners, preparations for the journey to, 138;
hardships, 158;
convoy-stations, 158;
allowance of food, 159;
halting-stations, 147, 160, 180, 203;
accommodation, 161;
escape of convict-tramps, 165;
treatment of the peasants, 166-168;
flight from, 348;
railway, construction of, 144, 311;
winter, severity of the, 200, 202

Sigida, Nadyèshda, her sufferings in Kara prison, 279;
assault on the commandant, 280;
length of her fast, 284;
condemned to be flogged, 287;
death, 288

Simàshko, Governor of Kiëv prison, 98

“Sirius,” meaning of the term, 229

“Sixteen, Case of the,” 214

Smirnitskaya, Nadyèshda, 269;
takes poison, 288

Smirnòv, inspection of Moscow prison, 123;
plan for escape, 123

Snigiriòv, 181, 186

Social-Democratic movement in Germany, 1;
in Russia, ix, 17 n.;
expansion, 326;
German law against repealed, 358

Social Democrats, 131;
views on, in Germany, 213;
in Russia, 212

Soudyèhkin, Colonel, Commander of the Petersburg _Ochrana_, 43 n.;
assassinated, 43 n.;
succeeds in capturing terrorists, 267;
discovery of a bomb laboratory, 267

Souhomlìn, 259;
his release from prison, 298

_Sozialdemokrat_, 1, 13

Spandoni-Bosmàndshi, Athanasius, 112;
terms of his indictment, 118;
condemned to penal servitude, 151;
his illness, 186;
at Kara prison, 259

Stanitsa, Aigùnskaya, 321

Stanyukòvitch, 65

Starinkyèvitch, 209;
his character, 216;
sentence, 217;
release from Kara prison, 299 n.

_Stàrosta_, or head-man, 143, 147, 178;
advantages of the office, 178;
election, 223

_Starshinà_, or chief of the commune, 317

_Statyehny spìsok_, or “list of particulars,” 97

Steblin-Kamensky, 197;
on the prison life in Kara, 198

Stefanòvitch, Jacob, his escape from Kiëv, 10, 15, 99 n. 210 n.;
accused of attempt against the life of Gorinòvitch, 35;
extradition demanded, 35;
in Kara prison, 210;
arrest, 210 n.;
character, 210 n.;
appearance, 210 n.;
length of his imprisonment, 211 n.;
views on the Social-Democratic organisation, 215;
release deferred, 292;
interned in Yakutsk, 299 n.

Stepniak, 92 n., 263 n.;
_Underground Russia_, v, 7 n., 10 n., 98 n., 193 n.;
on Jacob Stefanòvitch, 210 n.

Stretyensk, 325

Stromberg, Baron von, 115

Subòtniki, sect, 174

Suhànov, 264

Suicide of prisoners, 289

Sundelèvitch, 209;
his views on the revolutionary movement, 213;
his character, 214;
reaction, 214

Surgut, 152

Switzerland, 1, 11, 17, 19, 21, 27, 34, 42, 46, 104, 241

“Swop,” meaning of a, 155 n.

Taganrock, 218

_Taiga_, or primeval forest, 165, 306

Tarhov, 218

Tchekondze, 204, 205

Tchemodànova, Liubov, 151, 157

Tchernishevsky, imprisoned at Viluisk, 166;
his novel, _What Should We Do?_ 166 n.;
attempted rescue, 234 n.

Tchigirìn case, 10, 15

Tchita, 174;
arrival at, 201

_Tchòrny Peredyèl_, or Redivision of the Land, 215

Tchubàrov, 192, 242

Tchuikòv, Vladimir, 112;
terms of his indictment, 119;
condemned to penal servitude, 151;
at Nertchinsk prison, 204;
at Kara, 207;
appointed librarian, 228

Terrorism, viii, ix, 8, 220, 230;
the “red” and the “white,” meaning of the terms, 10 n.

Terrorists, 8, 10, 15, 121, 130, 196, 213, 230, 267, 273;
number of, in Russia, 64

Thun, Professor, _Geschichte der revolutionären Bewegung in Russland_,
7 n., 10 n., 98 n.;
interpreter at Freiburg, 14;
his lectures, 14;
views on the terrorists, 15;
lecture on “Two Episodes in the Russian Revolutionary Movement,” 15;
his suggestions for escape from Freiburg prison, 31

Tihomìrov, Leo, 82;
a leader of the _Naròdnaia Vòlya_, 276;
his apostasy, 276;
_Why I ceased to be a Revolutionist_, 276

Tìhonov, 100

Tihonòvitch, Lieut. Alexander, 115 n.;

Tishtchenko, 189 n.

Tiumen, 120, 144;
separation of exiles at, 148

Tiutchev, his marriage, 207

Tobol, 151

Tobolsk, 149, 152

Tokio, 354

Tolstoi, Count Dimitri, 274;
appointed Minister of the Interior, 130

Tolstoi, Count Leo, his visit to Moscow prison, 129;
gift of books to the prisoners, 138

Tomi, 151

Tominin, appointed commandant of Kara prison, 298

Tomsk, 105 n., 151, 153;
prison at, 154

Tools, possession of, in Kara prison, 240, 257

Transbaikalia, 193

Treaty, extradition, between Germany and Russia, 6, 53;
Deutsch’s, 40, 62;
Gotz’s attempted, 282 n.

Trepòv, General, Governor of Petersburg, fired at, 263

“Trial of the 193,” 261, 263

_Troikas_, or three-horsed carriages, 144;
mode of travelling by, 146

Tula, 109

Tunka, 137

Tura, 151

Tusslukov, Captain, 343

“Twenty, Trial of the,” in 1882, 258, 264, 269

Ufa, Bogdanòvitch, Governor of, 71 n.

_Underground Russia_, 7 n., 10 n., 98 n., 193 n., 210 n.;
_see_ Stepniak

Ural Mountains, 146

Ussur, 349

Ust-Kara, 206, 273

Vannòvsky, Minister of War, 86

Vasìliev, Makàr, 119;
exiled, 151

Verchoyansk, 281

Verkhny-Kolymsk, 281

Verkhny-Udinsk, prison at, 196, 271

_Vèstnik Evropuy_, 250

Vilna, 72

Viluisk, 166, 234 n.

Vladivostock, 235, 347, 350

Vlastòpoulo, 172;
terrorist principles, 275;
recantation, 276

Volga, the, 142

Volhònsky, Prince, 128

Vòlkov, Captain, 106, 144, 343

Volkovinsky, Captain, 338, 343

Volòshenko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
his views on the Social Democrats, 212

Vorontsov, 188

Voynoràlsky, his attempts to escape from prison, 260

Vrassky, Galkin, _see_ Galkin-Vrassky

Warsaw, 48

Wheelbarrow, chained to the, 189 n., 242

“White” terrorism, meaning of the term, 10 n.

Wolkenstein, Ludmilla, 115 n.

Yablonovoi mountain ridges, 200

Yablonski, 2, 12

Yakìmova, Anna, 269

Yakovlov, Captain, temporary commandant of Kara prison, 255

Yakubòvitch, Peter, 259;
on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 295

Yakutsk, province of, 122, 307

_Yaliks_, or boats, 152

Yankovski, his sentence, 11

Yatzèvitch, Nicholas, 241;
his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
imprisoned at Kara, 215, 262;
attempt to rescue Medvèdiev, 215, 262;
character, 216;
a “Sirius,” 229;
champion chess-player, 253

Yefremov, his arrest and sentence, 262

Yemelyànov, his share in the assassination of Alexander II., 264;
sentence, 265;
change of views, 265;
his petition for pardon, 277

Yenisei, 186

Yokohama, 354

Yordan, the student, his longing for freedom, 172

_Young Naròdnaia Vòlya_, members of the, 131

Yun-Tcha-San, 338

Yurhovsky, 235 n.

“Yurtas,” or tent-shaped hovels, 308

Yuvatchov, Ensign Ivan, 115 n.

Zassoùlitch, Vera, 17 n.;
her attempt on the life of General Trepòv, 263

_Zeit, Die Neue_, extract from, 328 n.

_Zemlyà i Vòlya_, or Land and Freedom, 116;
society dissolved, 196

_Zèmskaya kvàrtira_, or official residences, 319

Zhelyàbov, 269

Zion, Professor, 285

Zlatopòlsky, Leo, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
sentence, 117 n.;
in Kara prison, 241, 258;
release, 299 n.

Zlatoust, strike at, 71 n.

Zoubrtchitsky, 253

Zuckermann, in Nertchinsk prison, 204;
his character, 205;
commits suicide, 205

Zurich, 1, 357

PLYMOUTH
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON
PRINTERS

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transcriber’s Note

Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original. A three number reference refers to the line within a note on that page, or, if the page is prefixed with ‘i’, refers to the column and line in the index pages.

The translator employed accented vowels on Russian words and names to assist with pronunciation, but occasionally omitted them. They have been made consistent here, erring on the side of including them, to aid in searches.

Where names as given in the Index disagree with those in the text itself, the text is assumed to be correct. The use of a grave accent, to indicate emphasis, is imperfectly followed. The name ‘Kravtchinsky’ appears on pp. 263-264, as well as in the Index. But ‘Kravtchìnsky’ appears elsewhere and is assumed to be intended by the translator.

Minor punctuation lapses in the Index, especially, have been corrected with no further notice.

43.21.6 Pangs o[f] conscience, or fear of the Added.
vengeance

47.6 they looked on me quite as an old Added.
acquaintance[.]

71.32.1 comes the news (May, 1903) o[f] Bogdanòvitch’s Added.
assassination

117.32 in the guer[r]illa warfare against Napoleon’s Added.
invasion

245.24 Improved diet and the skil[l] of our good Restored.
Prybylyev

.ta l:10 l:46 l:12 w=100%
293.15 nevertheless[s] I awaited with impatience Removed.

317.11 a[n] universal respect Removed.

342.20 not only with the foreknowle[d]ge Added.

i365.1.32 Katz, exiled to Siber[i]a>, 36 Added.

i365.1.36 Kett[e]ler, Baron von, his murder, 328 Added.

i366.1.5 Kremuts[k/h]y, 99 n. Replaced.

i371.1.17 Trepòv, General, Governor of Petersbur[y/g], Replaced.
fired at, 263