Chapter IX: Part II: Pottery Evidence (2)

[251] W. R. excise or capacity stamps continued to be impressed on tavern mugs long after William III was dead. The latest published example is dated 1792. DRINKWATER, op. cit. (footnote 69), p. 34 and pl. XIIIb.

[252] The Williamsburg Pottery, on Route 60 near Lightfoot, specializes in the reproduction of 18th-century stoneware and slipware.

[253] I. NOËL HUME, _Here Lies Virginia_ (New York: Knopf, 1963), fig. 55.

[254] Colonial Williamsburg, E. R. (Excavation Register) 140.27A.

[255] E. R. 140.27A.

[256] Colonial Williamsburg, cat. no. 1913.

[257] E. R. 157G.27A (also 159A, 165A, 173, and 173A).

[258] The majority of archeologically documented pieces have been recovered from English domestic sites and not from kiln dumps.

[259] I. NOËL HUME, "Excavations at Rosewell, Gloucester County, Virginia, 1957-1959," (paper 18 in _Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology: Papers 12-18_, U. S. National Museum Bulletin 225, by various authors; Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1963), p. 208, no. 3 and p. 209, fig. 28, no. 3.

[260] U.S. National Park Service collection at Jamestown: Yorktown the first from the Swan Tavern Site and the others from Project 203, F. S. 8, unstratified material recovered during sewer digging on Main Street, 1956-1957.

[261] OSWALD, op. cit. (footnote 66), fig. IX.

[262] U.S. National Park Service collection at Jamestown: Yorktown, S. T. 1933.

[263] Mr. Maloney is of the opinion that saggers could just as usefully have served a "groundhog" kiln where they would have enabled the pots to be stacked up to four in height.

[264] See WATKINS, Part I, footnote 32.

[265] Op. cit. (footnote 72), pp. 208-220.

[266] It must be stressed that no evidence of any such kiln exists. See also footnote 30.

[267] This material is divided between the colonial archeological collections of the Smithsonian Institution and of Colonial Williamsburg.

[268] I. NOËL HUME, "Excavations at Tutter's Neck, James City County in Virginia, 1960-1961," paper 53 in _Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology_ (U.S. National Museum Bulletin 249); Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1966, fig. 19, nos. 1, 3, and 4.

[269] N.P.S. Collection at Jamestown: Yorktown, no provenance.

[270] Bowl IC.1.18C, Funnels E.R. 140.27A, and National Park Service collection at Jamestown: Yorktown, no provenance.

[271] National Park Service collection at Jamestown: Yorktown, no provenance.

[272] E.R. 157A, C, and G, 27A.

[273] National Park Service collection, J. 13049 (G.S.), with label reading "Pyle House Green Spring. Built into brickwork of chimney--removed in securing brick for Lightfoot House by C.? T. (10.29.35)."

[274] Colonial Williamsburg archeological collections, E. R. 987D.19B, cat. 3275.

[275] "Inventory and Appraisement of estate of John Burdett," York County Records, Book 20, _Wills and Inventories_, pp. 46-49.

[276] Since this paper was written and the bird bottles identified, a number of additional fragments have been recognized among mid-eighteenth-century finds from Williamsburg excavations, including a small, pierced lug handle fitting the scar on the Geddy example (fig. 19, right). The hole through the handle lined up with that through the shoulder clearly indicating that their combined purpose was to provide an alternative method of suspension for use when the bottles were hung in trees.

[277] There is a long-established belief that Fulham was the principal source of 18th-century brown-stoneware vessels. While the art of making the ware was first developed there by John Dwight, the factory fell into decline after his death in 1703 and remained in virtual oblivion until the 19th century.

[278] Archeological area 2B2, context unknown.

[279] Mr. Maloney has pointed out that a margin of 150°F. is sufficient to make the difference between earthenware and stoneware.

[280] Export records for the York River should be treated with some caution as goods often were imported from one place and later exported to another. But if we accept the 1739 and 1745 _Virginia Gazette_ references (Watkins, footnotes 38 and 41) as being to wares of Yorktown manufacture, by the same token we must draw comparable conclusions from the Naval Office Lists for Accomac (Eastern Shore of Virginia), which show "1 shipment" of "stoneware" exported to Maryland in 1749. Similarly we would have to assume that there was an earthenware factory operating near the James River in 1755 when the records list the exporting of "2 crates Earthenware" to the Rappahannock. Such conclusions may, indeed, be correct, though there is as yet no evidence to support them. Naval Office Lists, Public Records Office, London; cf. _Commodity Analysis of Imports and Exports, Accomac, Virginia, 1726-1769_, and for the _Rappahannock, Virginia, 1726-1769_ microfilm books compiled under the direction of John H. Cox, University of California, 1939 (unpublished).

[281] _Virginia Gazette_, June 20, 1745.

[282] WATKINS, Part I, footnote 37.

[283] Large numbers of wine-bottle fragments also were recovered from the builder's trench, and provided archeological support for a construction date after about 1760.

Index

Act for Ports and Towns (1691), 80

Act for Ports and Towns (1704), repeal of, 76, 77

act prohibiting importation of "stript tobacco," 77
petition for the repeal of, 77

ale, 80

Allen, William, 41

Ambler, Richard (merchant), 79

architectural drawings, Tutter's Neck, 30

Atkins, Robert, 42

Bacon, Nathaniel, 7

ball, cannon, 12, 22, 23 (illustr.)

basin, English delftware, 15, 16 (illustr.), 22, 24 (illustr.)

bead, glass, 47, 70, 71 (illustr.)

Belcher, Governor (Massachusetts), 77

Board of Trade (London), reports to, 75, 76, 77, 78-79, 82-83, 84,
85, 111

boat
"shallop," 82
sloop, 82

bone, 18, 47

bones, animal, 51-52

bottles, 36, 43, 51, 82
bird, 82, 107, 108 (illustr.), 109 (illustr.)
case, 13
oil or essence, 13
pharmaceutical, 13, 24 (illustr.), 25, 55
stoneware, 91, 92, 98 (illustr.), 100 (illustr.), 101, 105
water, 107
wine, 4, 10, 13, 14, 24 (illustr.), 25, 39 (illustr.), 43, 44, 45,
46, 49, 51, 55, 68-70 (illustr.)
wine, miniature, 17 (illustr.), 24 (illustr.), 25
wine, seals for, 32, 35, 36, 37 (illustr.), 43, 46, 55, 69,
(illustr.), 70
Yorktown earthenware, 106 (illustr.)

bottle glass, 11

bowls: delftware, 49, 64-66 (illustr.)
earthenware, 48 (illustr.)
Indian pottery, 67
Staffordshire, 55
stoneware, 96, 97 (illustr.)
Yorktown earthenware, 49, 104 (illustr.), 107

_Braxton_ (ship), 83

Bray, David, Sr., 40

Bray, David, Jr., 35, 37, 40

Bray, Elizabeth, 41

Bray, Elizabeth Meriwether, 41

Bray, James, Sr., 40

Bray, James, Jr., 40

Bray, Judith, 35, 36, 37, 40

Bray, Thomas, 35, 40, 45, 56

brewing, 80, 82, 85

Brewster, Richard, 36

Bristol (store), 82, 87

Brown, Matthew, 36, 40

bricklaying, English bond, 4, 8, 44, 45

brickmaking, 43

bricks (_See under_ building materials)

broad arrow, 58 (illustr.), 59

Bruton Parish, 35
church, 37

buckle, shoe, 63 (illustr.), 64 (_See also_ harness)

building materials:
bricks, 43, 87;
shipment of, 83;
sizes of, 8, 44, 45
lathes, oak, 7
lumber, 7, 9, 10, 14;
oak strips, 44;
weatherboards, 44
(_See also_ floor)
mortar, 4, 8, 10, 43, 44, 45, 51
oystershells, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14, 44, 45, 49, 52
plaster, 51
shingles, cypress, 7

Burbydge, Richard (seal of), 36, 39, 46, 69 (illustr.), 70

Burdett, John (tavern keeper), 107, 108

Burwell, Lewis, 41

Burwell's Ferry (Virginia), 43
(_See also_ Kingsmill)

button, brass, 70, 71 (illustr.)

can, iron, 4

Carter, Robert "King", 45

Cary, Colonel Thomas, rebellion led by, 39

Challis site (James City County), 92, 94, 95, 96, 110

Chalmers, George, 78

chamber pots, 82;
handle of English delftware, 15, 16 (illustr.)

charger, delftware, 49, 51, 55, 65 (illustr.), 66

Charles II, 39, 82

Charleston, R. J., 13

Chesapeake Corporation, 31, 32, 41, 42

Cheshire, ----, 87

chimney, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14;
bird bottles in, 107-108;
Tutter's Neck, 36, 43, 45, 49

chinoiserie, 13

Chowan Precinct (North Carolina), 37-39

churches:
Bruton Parish, 37
Chowan Precinct (North Carolina), 37-38

Clark, Victor S., 76

Clay Bank,
excavations at, 3-27;
excavation plans, 6

Clayton, John, 87

clock, 82

closets, 7

clothing, 77, 78

Coke, John (tavern keeper), 95, 96, 97, 110

collar, iron, 24 (illustr.), 25

College Landing (Virginia), 32

Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., 3, 5, 31, 32, 42, 44, 96

ceramics, 10, 11, 31, 32, 46
Indian, 11, 15, 16 (illustr.)
shipment of, 82, 84
Staffordshire, 11
(_See also_ specific forms and types)

Colono-Indian pottery, 24 (illustr.), 25, 45, 49, 55, 65 (illustr.), 67;
bowl, 65 (illustr.), 67;
cup, 52 (illustr.)

cooper, 12

Cotton, Ezra, 7

Council of Virginia, 40, 77, 78
petition complaining about piracy, 41

Culpeper, Lord, 41

cup, Colono-Indian pottery, 52 (illustr.);
delftware, 49;
earthenware, 12, 68, 69 (illustr.);
porcelain, 70, 71 (illustr.)

curtains, 82;
rings for, 70, 71 (illustr.)

cutlery, 46, 58 (illustr.);
bone handled, 18, 19 (illustr.)
(_See also_ knife; fork)

Daniel, Daniel Mack, 42

delftware, 50 (illustr.):
bowls, 49
charger, 49, 51, 55
cup, 49
drug jar, 49
English, 13, 15, 16 (illustr.), 22, 23, (illustr.), 44, 46, 47,
51, 64-67, 65 (illustr.)
plate, 47
porringers, 49
salts, 51 (illustr.)

Desandrouin (cartographer), 32, 34, 35

doors, 8

drug jar, 49, 65 (illustr.), 66

Duché, Anthony (potter), 91

Duché family (potters), 84

Dunbar, Jeremiah, 77

Dwight, John (Fulham potter), 55, 109

earthenware, 14
bowl, 48 (illustr.)
Cistercian, 15, 16 (illustr.)
English, 10, 68, 69 (illustr.)
lead-glazed, 11, 22, 24 (illustr.)
North Devon, 47
Staffordshire, 48 (illustr.)
tin-enameled (Portuguese), 10, 15, 16 (illustr.)
Yorktown, 47, 49, 51, 55, 68, 69 (illustr.)
(_See also_ specific forms; William Rogers)

Eaton, Alden, 31

Eden, Governor, 42

elevations, hypothetical (Tutter's Neck), 30

_Eltham_ (ship), 83

excavation plans, Clay Bank, 6; Tutter's Neck, 37, 47

excise stamps, 92, 95 (illustr.)

Ferry, William (tobacco pipe maker), 14

firebacks, 78

fireplace, 8, 9

flax, 78

Fletcher, John (tobacco pipe maker), 27

floor, wooden, 9, 10 (illustr.), 11 (illustr.), 44

fork, table, 51, 58 (illustr.), 59

flower pots, 107

Fox, Jacob (tobacco pipe maker), 27

Fox, Josiah (tobacco pipe maker), 14

framing, 8

Frank, E. M., 44

funnel, Yorktown earthenware, 100 (illustr.), 101, 105 (illustr.)

furnace, air, 78

furniture, 82

Gale, Christopher, 42

Geddes, Captain John, 36

glass, 10, 31, 43;
bead, 47, 70, 71 (illustr.);
decanter, 13;
stem of drinking glass or candlestick, 13, 14, 17 (illustr.);
reconstructed drawing of, 18;
window, 44, 49
(_See also_ bottle)

glasses, drinking, 10;
Romer, 55, 71 (illustr.), 72;
tumbler, 44, 51, 55;
wine, 13, 14, 47, 49, 55, 64;
with covers, 13

glebe-house, 7, 38

Gooch, Governor William, 75, 76-77, 78-79, 82-83, 84, 85
reports to Board of Trade, 75, 76, 78-79, 84, 85, 111

Goodridg, Jeremiah, 37

Gray, Edward, 36

Green, Dr., 7

Grice, John, 36

gunpowder, 82

Ham, Henry, 81

hardware:
band, brass, 70, 71 (illustr.)
bolt, 60, 61 (illustr.), 62
boss, brass, 19 (illustr.), 21
handle, 60, 61 (illustr.)
hasp, 61 (illustr.)
key, 58 (illustr.), 60
latch, 61 (illustr.), 62
loop, 62, 63 (illustr.)
nails, 8, 10, 44
padlock, 44, 51, 54 (illustr.), 60, 61 (illustr.)
rivet, 61 (illustr.), 62
spike, 60, 61 (illustr.)
staple, 20 (illustr.), 21, 24 (illustr.), 27
strap, 61 (illustr.), 62, 63 (illustr.), 64
tack, 19 (illustr.), 21
ward plate, 61 (illustr.), 62

harness:
boss from bridle, 19 (illustr.), 21
buckle, 47, 61 (illustr.), 62
cheekpiece from snaffle bit, 20 (illustr.), 21
fitting for, 47, 70, 71 (illustr.)
ornament, 47, 63 (illustr.), 64, 70, 71 (illustr.)
snaffle bit, 62, 63 (illustr.)
spoon bit, 58 (illustr.), 60
stirrup, 22, 23 (illustr.)

Harrison, Mrs. P. G., 97

Harwood, Elizabeth, 28

hearth, 9, 10, 12

Herman, Augustine, 2, 5

Higgenson, Humphry, 36

Hodgson, Reverend Robert, 7

Horns Quarter (King William County), 40

horseshoe, 49, 62, 63 (illustr.)

houses:
"Ardudwy" (Clay Bank), 4, 5, 7, 8, 14
brick, 45, 87
Corotoman, 45
Green Spring, Pyle House, 107, 108
Jamestown, 44
Tutter's Neck, drawings of, 30 (illustr.)
Williamsburg:
John Blair, 44
Brush-Everard, 44
Coke Garrett, 107, 108
James Geddy, 107
Anthony Hay, 110
New Post Office, 110

Yorktown:
Archer Cottage, 102
Digges house, 92, 98, 106, 107, 108, 110
(_See also_ Tutter's Neck, buildings)

indentured servants, 81

Indians:
appeal to governor for help against, 38, 40
Iroquois Confederation, 40
pottery, 11, 15, 16 (illustr.) (_See also_ Colono-Indian pottery)
projectile point, 15, 16 (illustr.), 71 (illustr.) 72
tobacco pipes, 14
uprising, 39-40
war with Tuscarora Indians, 39-40

inventory, William Rogers' estate, 82, 88-90, 105, 109

iron, unidentified objects, 20 (illustr.), 21, 24 (illustr.), 25-27
(_See also_ specific items)

ironworks, 78

_Jamaica Merchant_ (ship), 36

Jamestown, 44, 107

jar:
earthenware, 24 (illustr.), 25, 47, 68, 69 (illustr.)
pickle, glass, 69 (illustr.), 70
stoneware, 92
storage, 24 (illustr.), 25, 68, 69 (illustr.), 105, 107

Jenings, Col., 82, 87

Jenkins, William F., 3, 4, 11

Jennings, Governor Edmund, 4

Johnson, Elizabeth Bray, 41

Johnson, Col. Philip, 41

Jones, Dorothy Walker, 41

Jones, Frederick, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44-45, 56;
property attacked by Indians, 40;
will of, 40;
wine bottle seal of, 35-36, 38 (illustr.), 39 (illustr.), 69
(illustr.), 70

Jones, Henry (tobacco pipe maker), 14

Jones, Hugh, 42

Jones, Jane, 41

Jones, Captain Roger, 36, 41;
complaints about the conduct of, 41

Jones, Thomas, 13, 35, 37, 41

_Judith_ (ship), 83

jug, brown stoneware, 65 (illustr.), 67;
white stoneware, 55

kilns, 104; "furniture", 76, 91, 92, 93-94, 99 (illustr.), 103-104;
location of, 84, 105-106;
types of, 104;
use of refuse of, 92
(_See also_ pottery making)

Kingsmill (Virginia), 40, 41 (See also Burwell's Ferry)

kitchen:
Clay Bank, 7, 8
Tutter's Neck, 30, 36, 43, 44;
conjectural reconstruction of, 30 (illustr.);
excavation of, 45-46

knife, iron, 20 (illustr.), 21;
table, 49, 58 (illustr.), 59

Knight, Tobias, 41

lamps, 82

latten (_See under_ spoon)

leather, 79

Lee, Robert (widow of), 4

Little Town (Virginia), 40, 45

majolica, Spanish, 49

makers' marks:
latten spoon--R S, 58 (illustr.), 59
W W, 4, 18
pewter spoon--M, 27
tools--I H, 21
WARD, 18
(_See also_ tobacco pipe)

Maloney, James E., 92-96, 102-105

mantels, 8

manufacturing in colonial Virginia, 76-79
reports on trade and manufactures, 75, 76, 78-79

manufacturing in New England, 77

map, Tutter's Neck, 33 (illustr.);
Virginia (1673), 2 (illustr.), 5; (1781), 32, 34, 35 (illustr.);
Yorktown, 74; (1691), 80

marks: broad arrow, 58 (illustr.), 59
excise stamp on stoneware, 92, 95 (illustr.)
shipping, 36
(_See also_ makers' marks; tobacco pipes)

Marlborough (plantation), 32, 79, 105

_Maynard_ (ship), 83

Maynard, Lieutenant, 42

Mercer, John, 79, 84, 105

Meriwether, Elizabeth, 41

Middle Plantation (Williamsburg), 40

mill, horse, 82

Minge, Robert, 81

Morse (Moss), Francis, 87

Mountford's Mill Dam, 82

mug, 82;
English delftware, 15, 16 (illustr.), 22, 24 (illustr.), 46;
redware, 22, 24 (illustr.);
reproductions, 96 (illustr.);
stoneware, 91, 92, 93 (illustr.), 94 (illustr.), 99 (illustr.), 104-105

_Nancy_ (sloop), 83

National Park Service, 91, 92, 93, 96, 102, 107, 110

Negroes, 40, 78, 79, 82 (_See also_ slaves)

Nelson, John, 84

Nelson, William, 88

"New Bottle" (plantation), 4; location of, 4-5

New Bottle (Scotland), 4

Nicholson, Francis, 41

Norton, Courtenay, 83

Norton, John (merchant), 83

oil, 83

ointment pot, 65 (illustr.), 66

Page, Elizabeth, 40

Page family, 3

pan: cream (Yorktown earthenware), 55, 68, 69 (illustr.), 100
(illustr.), 101, 102 (illustr.), 103 (illustr.), 106, 109-110
milk, 82
pudding, 82
sauce, 82
Tidewater earthenware, 22, 24 (illustr.), 25, 92

Parker, Isaac, 84

Parks, William (printer), 87

Petsworth Parish (_See under Vestry Book of_)

Pettus family, 40

Pettus, Mourning, marriage of, 40

Pettus, Thomas, Jr. (widow of), 40

pewter (_See_ spoon)

pictures, 82

pipe (_See_ tobacco pipe)

pipkin, 24 (illustr.), 25, 99, 100 (illustr.), 101

piracy, 41-42

plate, English delftware, 15, 16 (illustr.), 22, 24 (illustr.), 65
(illustr.), 67; tin-glazed earthenware, 15, 16 (illustr.)

Pollock, ----, 40

porcelain, Chinese, 49
cup, 70, 71 (illustr.)

porringers, 82;
delftware, 49, 65 (illustr.), 66;
Yorktown earthenware, 100 (illustr.), 101, 107

Porteus, Beilby, 4, 8

Porteus, Edward, 4, 7, 14

Porteus, Robert, 4, 5, 7, 8

pot, cream, 82;
iron, 62, 63 (illustr.), 78

potteries, Charlestown, Mass., 84
Fulham (England), 109
Gloucester, Mass., 85
North Devon, England, 84
North Walk, England, 84-85
Philadelphia, 84
Williamsburg, 92-96, 102-105

pottery: inventory of, 82, 85

pottery making, 78-79, 83-84, 102-105, 110;
experiments in, 92-96, 102-105

prison, 82
gaol, 95

projectile point, 15, 16 (illustr.), 71 (illustr.), 72

Purton (plantation), 4

Randolph, John, 35, 77

Reade, George, 87

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 7

Reynolds, Susanna Rogers, 82, 83, 87

Reynolds, Thomas, 83, 84, 110

ring: curtain (brass), 70, 71 (illustr.);
iron, 24 (illustr.), 25, 62, 63 (illustr.)

"Rippon Hall" (plantation, York County), 4

Rogers, George, 83, 84

Rogers, Theodosia, 82, 87

Rogers, William (Yorktown potter), 75-111
brewer, 80, 82, 85
Captain of the troop, 82
death of, 82, 83
inventory of, 82, 88-90, 105, 109
surveyor, 82, 92

Rogers, William, Jr., 82, 83, 87

Rogers, William (others of same name), 86-87

Rosewell (plantation), 3, 32, 98, 110

salt, 39, 82

salt dishes, delftware, 51 (illustr.), 65 (illustr.), 66, 67

saucer, 55, 65 (illustr.), 66

Saunderson, Richard, 84

Sayer, Richard (tobacco pipe maker), 54

scales, 82

Seabrook, Captain Charles, 83

seal, wine bottle, 32, 35, 36, 37 (illustr.), 43, 46, 55, 69
(illustr.), 70

shells, 52

shoes, manufacture of, 79

Skipworth, Elizabeth, 87

slaves, 45;
brought to North Carolina from Virginia, 40, 41;
ceramics made for use by, 45;
listed in inventory, 88;
quarters for, 46

Smith, Edward, 87

Smith, John (daughter of), 4

Smith, Major Lawrence, 80

South, William, 36

spoon: latten, 4, 10, 12, 18, 19 (illustr.), 46, 58 (illustr.), 59
pewter, 11, 24 (illustr.), 27, 47, 49, 58 (illustr.), 59

Spotswood, Governor Alexander, 36, 37

Stark, William (wife of), 81

still, 82 (See also brewing)

stoneware:
Bellarmine, 49
brown, 49, 51, 65 (illustr.), 67-68
excise stamps on, 92, 95 (illustr.)
manufacture of, 83-84, 102-105, 110
Westerwald tankard, 49, 65 (illustr.), 68
white, jug, 55
white salt-glazed, 43, 49

strainer, brass or bronze, 19 (illustr.), 21

stratigraphy, Clay Bank, 11-12
Tutter's Neck, 49

Stubbs, William Carter, 4

Swan Tavern (Yorktown), 76, 83, 102, 110;
mugs from, 91, 92, 93 (illustr.), 99 (illustr.)

sword, 49, 58 (illustr.), 60, 82

tankard, brown stoneware, 65 (illustr.), 67, 91;
Westerwald stoneware, 49, 65 (illustr.), 68

tanning, 79

Tarripin Point (Virginia), 82, 84, 87

taverns, 80

Taylor, Ebanezar, 42

Teach, Edward "Blackbeard" (pirate), 41-42

textiles: cotton, 78;
linen, 77, 79;
manufacture of, 79;
wool, 76, 77

_Thomas and Tryal_ (ship), 84

Thorpe, Otho, 36

Tippet, Robert (tobacco pipe maker), 54

Tippett, Jacob (tobacco pipe maker), 14

tobacco, 76, 77;
act of 1730, 77;
laws regarding, 78

tobacco pipes, 10, 13, 14, 26 (illustr.), 27-28, 46, 47, 49, 52-54;
dating of, 10, 13, 14, 47, 52-54;
Indian, 14, 15, 16 (illustr.);
profiles, 57 (illustr.)

tobacco pipes, makers' marks on:
H I, 14, 26 (illustr.), 27
H S, 49, 53, 57 (illustr.)
I F, 14, 26 (illustr.), 27
I S, 53-54, 57 (illustr.)
M B, 26 (illustr.), 28
R M, 53, 57 (illustr.)
S A, 14, 26 (illustr.), 28
V R, 14, 26 (illustr.), 27
VS, 26 (illustr.), 28
W, 54
W F, 14
W P (or R), 14, 26 (illustr.), 27
X·I·F·X, 26 (illustr.), 28

tobacco pipes, makers of:
William Ferry, 14
John Fletcher, 27
Jacob Fox, 27
Josiah Fox, 14, 27
Henry Jones, 14
Richard Sayer, 54, 56, 57 (illustr.)
I. Tippet, 14, 49
Robert Tippet, 54
Richard Tyler, 54

tools, 14
chisel, carpenter's, 12;
cooper's, 13, 22, 23 (illustr.);
forming, 9, 12, 22, 23 (illustr.)
cramp, 20 (illustr.), 21
dividers, 49, 54 (illustr.), 58 (illustr.), 60
fleam, 58 (illustr.), 60
gimlet, 19 (illustr.), 21
hoe, 12, 21, 22, 23 (illustr.);
broad, 21, 23 (illustr.);
grub, 21, 23 (illustr.)
race knife, 12, 18, 19 (illustr.), 24 (illustr.), 25
saw, 47, 54 (illustr.)
saw wrest, 20 (illustr.), 21
scissors, 54 (illustr.), 59, 60
scythe, 62, 63 (illustr.)
sickle, 47, 49, 54 (illustr.), 60, 61 (illustr.)
tools: spade, 22, 23 (illustr.)
unidentified, 58 (illustr.), 60
wedge, 12, 22, 23 (illustr.)

tube, bone, 63 (illustr.), 64;
iron, 61 (illustr.), 62

Tutter's Neck, 30-72;
aerial photograph of, 32
buildings:
drawings of, 30
excavation of, 43-46
kitchen, 30, 36, 43, 44, 45-46
residence, 30, 43-45
excavation plan of, 37, 47
map of, 33 (illustr.), 34, 35 (illustr.)

tyg, earthenware, 12, 15, 16 (illustr.); 22, 24 (illustr.)

Tyler, Richard (tobacco pipe maker), 54

unidentified objects, iron, 20 (illustr.), 21, 24 (illustr.), 25-27
(_See also_ specific items)

_Vestry Book of Petsworth Parish_, 5, 7

Vincent, William (potter), 85

Virginia: colonial economy, 76-79

Ward, ---- (toolmaker), 18

warehouse, 87

weaving, 79

Webb, Frances, 83

Williamsburg, 13, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 82, 83, 84, 87, 91,
92, 95, 110
(_See also_ Colonial Williamsburg, Inc.)

Williamsburg Pottery, 92-96;
experiments at, 102-105

Williamsburg Restoration, Inc., 31, 41

windows, 7, 44;
frames for, 87;
lead cames for, 44
(_See also_ glass, window)

woodenware, 83

_York_ (ship), 83

Yorktown, 74-111;
list of plat owners, 81
map of, 74;
(1691), 80

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were corrected.

Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.

Bold markup is enclosed in =equals=.

Fancy or unusual font markup is enclosed in #number signs#.

P. 54 Sidenote text may appear to be oddly split between lines but
this is what is portrayed on the image.