Chapter II

CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF SOIL FORMATION, 16.—2. _Chemical
Disintegrations or Decomposition_, 16.—Ingredients of
the Atmosphere, 16.—Effects of Water; of Carbonic Acid,
17.—Carbonated water a universal solvent, 17.—Ammonic
carbonate, effect on silicates, 18.—Action of oxygen;
on ferrous compounds, 18.—_Action of Plants and their
Remnants_, 19.—_A._ Mechanical; Force of Root Penetration,
19.—_B._ Chemical; Action of Root Secretions, 19.—Bacterial
Action, 20.—Humification, 20.—_Causes Influencing Chemical
Action and Decomposition_, 21.—Heat and Moisture,
21.—Influence of Rainfall on Soil-Formation, 22.—Leaching
of the Land, 22.—Residual Soils, 22.—Drain Waters; River
Waters. Tables of Solid Contents, 22.—Amount of Dissolved
Matters Carried into the Sea; Amount of Sediment, 24.—Sea
Water, Composition of; Waters of Landlocked Lakes,
25.—Results of Insufficient Rainfall; Alkali Lands, 28.

CHAPTER III.
ROCK-AND SOIL-FORMING MINERALS, 29.—Quartz, quartzite,
jasper, hornstone, flint, 29.—Solubility of silica in
water; absorption by plants, 30.—Silicate Minerals,
31.—Feldspars, their Kaolinization, 31.—Formation of Clays,
33.—Hornblende or Amphibole, Pyroxene or Augite, 33.—Their
Weathering and its Products, 33.—Mica, Muscovite and
Biotite, 35.—Hydromica, Chlorite, 35.—Talc and Serpentine;
“Soapstone”, 36. The Zeolites; Exchange of Bases in
Solutions, 36.—Importance in Soils, in Rocks, 38.—Calcite,
Marble, Limestones; their Origin, 39.—Impure Limestones
as Soil-Formers, 40.—Caves, Sinkholes, Stalactites, Tufa,
41.—Dolomite; Magnesian Limestones as Soil-Formers,
42.—Selenite, Gypsum, Land Plaster; Agricultural Uses,
42.—Iron Spar, Limonite, Hematite, Magnetite, 44.—Reduction
of Ferric Hydrate in Ill-drained Soils, 45.