Chapter C: W. Coleman, Jr.: Recent Movement in the Literature of the South, (1)

Harper's Monthly, 1886, No. 74, p. 837.

T. N. Page: Authorship in the South before the War, Lippincott's Magazine, 1889, No. 44, p. 105.

Professor C. W. Kent, University of Virginia: Outlook for Literature in the South.

People's Cyclopedia (1894).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In Chronological Order.

FIRST PERIOD ... 1579-1750.

PAGE
JOHN SMITH, 1579-1631 33
Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas 35
Our Right to Those Countries 38
Ascent of the River James, 1607 42

WILLIAM STRACHEY, in America 1609-12 45
A Storm Off the Bermudas 45

JOHN LAWSON, in America 1700-08 48
North Carolina in 1700-08 49
Harvest Home of the Indians 53

WILLIAM BYRD, 1674-1744 54
Selecting the Site of Richmond and Petersburg, 1733 58
A Visit to Ex-Governor Spotswood, 1732 58
Dismal Swamp, 1728 61
The Tuscarora Indians and Their Legend of a Christ, 1729 65

SECOND PERIOD ... 1750-1800.

HENRY LAURENS, 1724-1792 67
A Patriot in the Tower 68

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1732-1799 71
An Honest Man 73
How to Answer Calumny 74
Conscience 74
On his Appointment as Commander-in-Chief, 1775 74
A Military Dinner-Party 76
Advice to a Favorite Nephew 76
Farewell Address to the People of the United States, 1796 77
Union and Liberty 77
Party Spirit 79
Religion and Morality 81

PATRICK HENRY, 1736-1799 82
Remark on Slavery, 1788 84
Not Bound by State Lines 84
If This Be Treason, 1765 84
The Famous Revolution Speech, 1775 84

WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON, 1742-1779 87
George III.'s Abdication of Power in America 89

THOMAS JEFFERSON, 1743-1826 91
Political Maxims 94
Religious Opinions at the Age of Twenty 94
Scenery at Harper's Ferry, and at the Natural Bridge 95
On Freedom of Religious Opinion 98
On the Discourses of Christ 98
Religious Freedom (the Act of 1786) 98
Letter to his Daughter 100
Jefferson's Last Letter, 1826 101

DAVID RAMSAY, 1749-1815 103
British Treaty with the Cherokees, 1755 105
Sergeant Jasper at Fort Moultrie, 28 June, 1776 106
Sumpter and Marion 107

JAMES MADISON, 1751-1836 109
Opinion of Lafayette 110
Plea for a Republic 111
Character of Washington 112

ST. GEORGE TUCKER, 1752-1828 113
Resignation, or Days of My Youth 115

JOHN MARSHALL, 1755-1835 116
Power of the Supreme Court 117
The Duties of a Judge 118

HENRY LEE, 1756-1818 119
Capture of Fort Motte by Lee and Marion, 1780 120
The Father of His Country 124

MASON LOCKE WEEMS, 1760-1825 126
The Hatchet Story 126

JOHN DRAYTON, 1766-1822 127
A Revolutionary Object Lesson in the Cause of
Patriotism 1775 128
The Battle of Noewee, 1776 129

WILLIAM WIRT, 1772-1834 131
The Blind Preacher (James Waddell) 132
Mr. Henry against John Hook 135

JOHN RANDOLPH, 1773-1833 137
Revision of the State Constitution, 1829 138

GEORGE TUCKER, 1775-1861 140
Jefferson's Preference for Country Life 142
Establishment of the University of Virginia 143

THIRD PERIOD ... 1800-1850.

HENRY CLAY, 1777-1852 147
To Be Right above All 148
No Geographical Lines in Patriotism 148
Military Insubordination 148

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, 1780-1843 151
The Star-Spangled Banner 151

JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, 1780-1851 153
The Mocking-Bird 155
The Humming-Bird 157

THOMAS HART BENTON, 1782-1858 158
The Duel Between Randolph and Clay, 1826 159

JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, 1782-1850 161
War and Peace 164
System of Our Government 164
Defence of Nullification 164
The Wise Choice 166
Official Patronage 167

NATHANIEL BEVERLEY TUCKER, 1784-1851 167
The Partisan Leader 168

DAVID CROCKETT, 1786-1836 173
Spelling and Grammar: Prologue To His Autobiography 173
On a Bear-hunt 175
Motto: Be Sure You Are Right 178

RICHARD HENRY WILDE, 1789-1847 178
My Life Is Like the Summer Rose 179

AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET, 1790-1870 180
Ned Brace at Church 180
A Sage Conversation 182

ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE, 1791-1839 185
State Sovereignty and Liberty 185

SAM HOUSTON, 1793-1863 189
Cause of the Texan War of Independence 190
Battle of San Jacinto, 1836 193
How To Deal With the Indians 196

WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON, 1794-1860 199
Literary Society in Columbia, S. C., 1825 201

JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY, 1795-1870 204
A Country Gentleman in Virginia 205
His Wife 207
How Horse-Shoe and Andrew Captured Five Men 210

HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ, 1797-1843 217
Commerce and Wealth vs. War 217
Demosthenes' Courage 219
A Duke's Opinions of Virginia, North and South Carolina,
and Georgia, in 1825 221

MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR, 1798-1859 223
The Daughter of Mendoza 223

FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS, 1798-1866 224
The First Indian Baptism in America 225
Virginia Dare, the First English Child Born in America 226
The Lost Colony of Roanoke 226

GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE, 1802-1870 228
The Closing Year 228
Paragraphs 231

EDWARD COATE PINKNEY, 1802-1828 231
A Health 232
Song: We Break the Glass 233

CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ, 1805-1895 235
Louisiana in 1750-1770 236
The Tree of the Dead 240

MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY, 1806-1873 243
The Gulf Stream 246
Deep-Sea Soundings 247
Heroic Death of Lieutenant Herndon 249

WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS, 1806-1870 252
Sonnet--The Poet's Vision 255
The Doom of Occonestoga 255
Marion, the "Swamp-Fox" 262

ROBERT EDWARD LEE, 1807-1870 265
Duty--To His Son 266
Human Virtue--At the Surrender 266
His Last Order, 1865 266
Letter Accepting the Presidency of Washington College 268

JEFFERSON DAVIS, 1808-1889 269
Trip To Kentucky at Seven Years of Age, and Visit to
General Jackson 271
Life of the President of the United States 272
Farewell to the Senate, 1861 274

EDGAR ALLAN POE, 1809-1849 276
To Helen 279
Israfel 279
Happiness 281
The Raven 281

ROBERT TOOMBS, 1810-1885 284
Farewell to the Senate, 1861 286

OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT, 1810-1877 288
To Cadiz from Havanna, 1855 289

LOUISA SUSANNAH M'CORD, 1810-1880 291
Woman's Duty 292

JOSEPH G. BALDWIN, 1811-1864 294
Virginians in a New Country 294

ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS, 1812-1883 296
Laws of Government 297
Sketch in the Senate, 1850 298
True Courage 301

ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK, 1814-1865 301
Red Eagle, or Weatherford 302

PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE, 1816-1850 305
Florence Vane 305

THEODORE O'HARA, 1820-1867 308
Bivouac of the Dead 308

FOURTH PERIOD ... 1850-1895.

GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS, 1820- 311
Osceola, Leader of the Seminoles 311

RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON, 1822- 314
Mr. Hezekiah Ellington's Recovery 315

JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON, 1823-1873 317
Ashby 318
Music in Camp 319

JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY, 1825- 321
Relations between England and America 322

MARGARET JUNKIN PRESTON, 1825- 324
The Shade of the Trees 324

CHARLES HENRY SMITH, ("BILL ARP"), 1826- 326
Big John, on the Cherokees 327

ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER, 1828-1863 329
Burning of Jamestown in 1676 330

GEORGE WILLIAM BAGBY, 1828-1883 332
Jud. Brownin's Account of Rubinstein's Playing 332

SARAH ANNE DORSEY, 1829-1879 336
A Confederate Exile on His Way to Mexico, 1866 338

HENRY TIMROD, 1829-1867 341
Sonnet--Life Ever Seems 344
English Katie 344
Hymn for Magnolia Cemetery 345

PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE, 1830-1886 346
The Mocking-Bird (At Night) 348
Sonnet--October 349
A Dream of the South Wind 349

JOHN ESTEN COOKE, 1830-1886 350
The Races in Virginia, 1765 351

ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE, 1830-1894 358
Changes Wrought by the War 360
The Country Gentlemen 360
The Negroes 362

ALBERT PIKE, 1809-1891 365
To the Mocking-Bird 365

WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON, 1812-1882 367
Major Jones's Christmas Present 368

JAMES BARRON HOPE, 1827-1887 370
The Victory at Yorktown 371
Washington and Lee 372

JAMES WOOD DAVIDSON, 1829- 373
The Beautiful and the Poetical 373

CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR., 1831-1893 376
Salzburger Settlement in Georgia 376

MARY VIRGINIA TERHUNE ("MARION HARLAND") 379
Letter Describing Mary [Ball] Washington When a Young
Girl 381
Madam Washington at the Peace Ball 381

AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON, 1835- 383
A Learned and Interesting Conversation 384

DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS, 1836- 387
The Land Where We Were Dreaming 388

JAMES RYDER RANDALL, 1839- 389
My Maryland 390

ABRAM JOSEPH RYAN, 1839-1886 392

WILLIAM GORDON MCCABE, 1841- 393
Dreaming in the Trenches 393

SIDNEY LANIER, 1842-1881 394
Song of the Chattahoochee 396
What is Music? 397
The Tide Rising in the Marshes 397

JAMES LANE ALLEN 398
Sports of a Kentucky School in 1795 399

JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS, 1848- 401
The Tar-Baby 403

ROBERT BURNS WILSON, 1850- 405
Fair Daughter of the Sun 406
Dedication--A Sonnet 407

"CHRISTIAN REID," FRANCES C. TIERNAN 407
Ascent of Mt. Mitchell, N. C. 409

HENRY WOODFEN GRADY, 1851-1889 413
The South before the War 413
Master and Slave 413
Ante-bellum Civilization 416

THOMAS NELSON PAGE, 1853- 419
Marse Chan's Last Battle 421

MARY NOAILLES MURFREE, ("CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK") 423
The "Harnt" that Walks Chilhowee 423

DANSKE DANDRIDGE, 1859- 429
The Spirit and the Wood-Sparrow 430

AMÉLIE RIVES CHANLER, 1863- 431
Tanis 432

GRACE KING 437
La Grande Demoiselle 437

WAITMAN BARBE, 1864- 441
Sidney Lanier 442

MADISON CAWEIN, 1865- 442
The Whippoorwill 443

DIXIE 444

LIST OF AUTHORS AND WORKS omitted for lack of space 445

INDEX.

PAGE
A Confederate Exile on His Way to Mexico, _Sarah
A. Dorsey_ 338

Address in Congress, 1800, on the Death of Washington,
_Henry Lee_ 124

A Dream of the South Wind, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349

Advice to His Nephew, _George Washington_ 76

A Health, _E. C. Pinkney_ 232

Alamo, Fall of the 192

A Learned and Interesting Conversation, _Augusta E. Wilson_ 384

ALLEN, JAMES LANE 398

Anecdotes of Alexander H. Stephens 296, 297

An Honest Man, _George Washington_ 73

Ante-bellum Civilization, _Henry W. Grady_ 416

Arber, Professor, on John Smith's Writings 35

A Sage Conversation, _A. B. Longstreet_ 182

Ascent of Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, _Christian Reid_ 409

Ascent of the James River, 1607, _John Smith_ 42

Ashby, _John R. Thompson_ 318

AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES 153

Bacon, Nathaniel 330

BAGBY, GEORGE WILLIAM 332

BALDWIN, JOSEPH G. 294

BARBE, WAITMAN 441

Battle of Noewee, 1776, _John Drayton_ 129

Battle of San Jacinto, 1836, _Sam Houston_ 193

Battle of the Blue Licks, Ky., 1782 400

Battle of Tohopeka, or Horse-Shoe Bend, Ala. 302

Bear Hunt, _David Crockett_ 175

Beauvoir 270, 273

Beautiful and the Poetical, The, _Jas. Wood Davidson_ 373

Beauty is Holiness 395

BENTON, THOMAS HART 158

"Be sure you are right," _David Crockett_ 178

Big John, on the Cherokees, _Bill Arp_ 327

BILL ARP (CHARLES HENRY SMITH) 326

Bivouac of the Dead, _Theodore O'Hara_ 308

Blind Preacher, _William Wirt_ 132

Boone, Daniel 401

British Treaty with the Cherokees, 1755, _David Ramsay_ 105

Burning of Jamestown, 1676, _St. George H. Tucker_ 330

Byrd, Evelyn 56

BYRD, WILLIAM 54

CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL 161

Calhoun and the Union 275

Calhoun, Death of 300

Capture of Fort Motte, _Henry Lee_ 120

Cause of the Texan War of Independence, _Sam Houston_ 190

CAWEIN, MADISON 442

Changes Wrought by the War, _Z. B. Vance_ 360

CHANLER, MRS. AMÉLIE RIVES 431

Character of Washington, _James Madison_ 112

Cherokees, Big John on the, _Bill Arp_ 327

CLAY, HENRY 147

Closing Year, The, _George D. Prentice_ 228

Commerce and Wealth _vs._ War, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 217

Conscience, _George Washington_ 74

COOKE, PHILIP PENDLETON 305

COOKE, JOHN ESTEN 350

Corn-Shucking and Christmas Times 362

Country Gentleman in Virginia and His Wife, _John P.
Kennedy_ 205

Country Gentlemen 360

Cow-Boy's Song 339

CRADDOCK, CHARLES EGBERT, (MISS M. N. MURFREE) 423

CROCKETT, DAVID 173

CURRY, JABEZ LAMAR MONROE 321

Dale, General Sam 302

DANDRIDGE, MRS. DANSKE 429

Daughter of Mendoza, _M. B. Lamar_ 223

DAVIDSON, JAMES WOOD 373

DAVIS, JEFFERSON 269

Davis, Winnie 270

Davis, Mrs. Varina Jefferson 271

Davy Crockett's Motto 178

Days of My Youth, or Resignation, _St. George Tucker_ 115

Death of Calhoun 300

Death of Lieutenant Herndon 249

Dedication Sonnet (to his Mother), _Robert Burns Wilson_ 407

Deep-Sea Soundings, _M. F. Maury_ 247

Defence of Nullification, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

Demosthenes, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 219

DeSaussure, Judge, and Social Dining in Columbia 201

Discourses of Christ, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98

Dismal Swamp, _William Byrd_ 61

Dixie 444

Dixie and Yankee Doodle 319

Doom of Occonestoga, _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 255

DORSEY, MRS. SARAH ANNE 336

DRAYTON, WILLIAM HENRY 87

DRAYTON, JOHN 127

Dreaming in the Trenches, _Wm. Gordon McCabe_ 393

Duel Between Randolph and Clay, 1826, _Thomas H. Benton_ 159

Duke of Saxe-Weimar in Virginia, North and South Carolina,
and Georgia, 1825, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 221

Duties of a Judge, _John Marshall_ 118

Duty, _Robert E. Lee_ 266

England and America, Relations between, _J. L. M. Curry_ 322

English Katie, _Henry Timrod_ 344

Ennui 101

Establishment of the University of Virginia, _George Tucker_ 143

FAIRBANKS, GEORGE RAINSFORD 311

Fair Daughter of the Sun, _Robert Burns Wilson_ 406

Farewell Address to the American People, 1796, _George
Washington_ 77

Farewell to the Senate, 1861, _Jefferson Davis_ 274

Farewell to the Senate, 1861, _Robert Toombs_ 286

Father of His Country, _Henry Lee_ 124

First Indian Baptism in America, _Francis L. Hawks_ 225

"First in War, first in Peace" 124

Five Demands of the South 286

Florence Vane, _Philip Pendleton Cooke_ 305

Fort King, Florida 311

Fort Motte, Capture of, _Henry Lee_ 120

Freedom of Religious Opinion, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98

GAYARRÉ, CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR 235

George the Third's Abdication of Power in America,
_William Henry Drayton_ 89

Gladstone's Opinion of the United States 322

Goliad, Massacre at 192

GRADY, HENRY WOODFEN 413

Grave of Dr. Elisha Mitchell 411

Gulf Stream, _M. F. Maury_ 246

Hampton at the Battle of Noewee, South Carolina, 1776 130

Happiness, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 281

HARLAND, MARION (MRS. M. V. TERHUNE) 379

"Harnt" that Walks Chilhowee, The, _Charles Egbert
Craddock_ 423

Harper's Ferry, Scenery at 95

HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER 401

Harvest Home of the Indians, _John Lawson_ 53

Hatchet Story, _Mason L. Weems_ 126

HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER 224

HAYNE, ROBERT YOUNG 185

HAYNE, PAUL HAMILTON 346

Hayne, William Hamilton 346

Helen, To, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279

HENRY, PATRICK 82

Hermitage, General Jackson at The 271

Heroic Death of Lieutenant Herndon, _M. F. Maury_ 249

HOPE, JAMES BARRON 370

Horse-Shoe Bend, Battle of 302

HOUSTON, SAM 189

How Horse-Shoe and Andrew Captured Five Men, _John P.
Kennedy_ 210

How Ruby Played, _George William Bagby_ 332

How to Answer Calumny, _George Washington_ 74

How to Deal with the Indians, _Sam Houston_ 196

Human Virtue, _R. E. Lee_ 266

Humming-Bird, The, _J. J. Audubon_ 157

Hymn for Magnolia Cemetery, _Henry Timrod_ 345

"If This Be Treason--", _Patrick Henry_ 84

"I'll HAUNT you," 317

Indian Doom of Excommunication 255

Israfel, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279

Jackson, General, at Home 271

Jamestown, Burning of, 1676, _St. George H. Tucker_ 330

James Waddell, the Blind Preacher, _William Wirt_ 132

JEFFERSON, THOMAS 91

Jefferson's Last Letter, June 24, 1826, _Thomas Jefferson_ 101

Jefferson's Preference for Country Life, _George Tucker_ 142

Jefferson's Religious Opinions at Twenty, _Thomas Jefferson_ 94

John Hook, Patrick Henry against, _William Wirt_ 135

JOHNSTON, RICHARD MALCOLM 314

JONES, CHARLES COLCOCK, JR. 376

Jud. Brownin's Account of Rubinstein's Playing, _George
William Bagby_ 332

KENNEDY, JOHN PENDLETON 204

KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT 151

KING, GRACE 437

La Fayette, Madison's Opinion of, _James Madison_ 110

La Grande Demoiselle, _Grace King_ 437

LAMAR, MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE 223

Land Where We Were Dreaming, The, _D. B. Lucas_ 388

LANIER, SIDNEY 394

Lanier, To Sidney, _Waitman Barbe_ 442

La Rabida 291

Last Letter of Jefferson, June 24, 1826, _Thomas Jefferson_ 101

LAURENS, HENRY 67

Laurens, John, the "Bayard of the Revolution" 67

Laws of Government, _A. H. Stephens_ 297

LAWSON, JOHN 48

LEE, HENRY 119

LEE, ROBERT EDWARD 265

Lee's Last Order, _R. E. Lee_ 266

Lee's Letter Accepting the Presidency of Washington
College, _R. E. Lee_ 268

LEGARÉ, HUGH SWINTON 217

Letter to Martha Jefferson, _Thomas Jefferson_ 100

LE VERT, MADAME OCTAVIA WALTON 288

Life Ever Seems--Sonnet, _Henry Timrod_ 344

Life of the President of the United States, _Jefferson
Davis_ 272

Literary Society in Columbia in 1825, _Wm. C. Preston_ 201

LONGSTREET, AUGUSTUS BALDWIN 180

Lost Colony of Roanoke, _F. L. Hawks_ 226

Louisiana in 1750-'70, _C. E. A. Gayarré_ 236

LUCAS, DANIEL BEDINGER 387

Madam Washington at the Peace Ball, _Marion Harland_ 381

MADISON, JAMES 109

Madison, Mrs. Dolly 110

Madison's Opinion of La Fayette, _James Madison_ 110

Magnolia Cemetery, Hymn for Dedication, _Henry Timrod_ 345

Major Jones's Christmas Present, _W. T. Thompson_ 368

MARION HARLAND, (MRS. M. V. TERHUNE) 379

Marion, Sumpter and, _David Ramsay_ 107

Marion, the "Swamp-Fox," _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 262

Marquis de Vaudreuil, the "Great Marquis" 237

Marse Chan's Last Battle, _Thomas Nelson Page_ 421

"Marseillaise of the Confederacy" 389

MARSHALL, JOHN 116

Maryland, My Maryland 390

Mary Washington When a Girl, _Marion Harland_ 381

Mary Washington's Monument, _Marion Harland_ 379

Master and Slave 413

MAURY, MATTHEW FONTAINE 243

Maxims of Jefferson 94

MCCABE, WILLIAM GORDON 393

M'CORD, MRS. LOUISA SUSANNAH 291

M'CORD, D. J. 201, 291

MEEK, ALEXANDER BEAUFORT 301

Military Dinner Party, _George Washington_ 76

Military Insubordination, _Henry Clay_ 148

"Millions for Defence" 116

Mitchell's Grave, Mt. Mitchell, N. C. 411

Mocking-Bird, The, _J. J. Audubon_ 155

Mocking-Bird (At Night), _Paul H. Hayne_ 348

Mocking-Bird, To The, _Albert Pike_ 365

Mocking-Bird and Nightingale Compared 100

Mr. Hezekiah Ellington's Recovery, _R. M. Johnston_ 315

MURFREE, MARY NOAILLES, (CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK) 423

Music in Camp, _John R. Thompson_ 319

My Life Is Like the Summer Rose, _R. H. Wilde_ 179

My Maryland, _James R. Randall_ 390

Naming of Tallahassee, The 288

Natural Bridge of Virginia 97

Ned Brace at Church, _A. B. Longstreet_ 180

No Geographical Lines in Patriotism, _Henry Clay_ 148

North Carolina in 1700-1708, _John Lawson_ 49

Not Bound by State Lines, _Patrick Henry_ 84

Nullification, Defence of, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

Object-Lesson in the Cause of Patriotism, _John Drayton_ 128

Occonestoga, Doom of, _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 255

October--A Sonnet, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349

Official Patronage, _John C. Calhoun_ 167

O'HARA, THEODORE 308

Old Church at Jamestown 39, 331

On a Bear Hunt, _David Crockett_ 175

Osceola, Leader of the Seminoles, _George R. Fairbanks_ 311, 312

Our Right to Those Countries, _John Smith_ 38

Page, John, Letter to 94

PAGE, THOMAS NELSON 419

Paragraphs, _George D. Prentice_ 231

Partisan Leader, _N. Beverley Tucker_ 168

Party Spirit, _George Washington_ 79

Patrick Henry against John Hook, _William Wirt_ 135

Patrick Henry's Famous Revolution Speech, _Patrick Henry_ 84

Patriot in the Tower, _Henry Laurens_ 68

Payne, John Howard, among the Cherokees 327

PIKE, ALBERT 365

PINKNEY, EDWARD COATE 231

Plea for a Republic, _James Madison_ 111

Pocahontas,--Rescue of John Smith, _John Smith_ 35

POE, EDGAR ALLAN 276

Poet's Vision.--A Sonnet, _William Gilmore Simms_ 255

Political Patronage, _John C. Calhoun_ 167

Power of the Supreme Court, _John Marshall_ 117

Powhatan 35

Preference for Country Life, _George Tucker_ 142

PRENTICE, GEORGE DENISON 228

PRESTON, MRS. MARGARET JUNKIN 324

PRESTON, WILLIAM CAMPBELL 199

Prologue to Arms and the Man, _James Barren Hope_ 371

Prologue to Autobiography, _David Crockett_ 173

Races in Virginia, 1765, _John Esten Cooke_ 351

RAMSAY, DAVID 103

RANDALL, JAMES RYDER 389

RANDOLPH, JOHN, OF ROANOKE 137

Raven, The, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 281

Red Eagle, or Weatherford, _A. B. Meek_ 302

Red Eagle and General Jackson 304

REID, CHRISTIAN, (FRANCES C. FISHER, MRS. TIERNAN) 407

Relations Between England and America, _J. L. M. Curry_ 322

Religion and Morality, _George Washington_ 81

Religious Freedom, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98

"Remember the Alamo!" 195

Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas, _John Smith_ 35

Resignation: or, Days of My Youth, _St. George Tucker_ 115

Revision of the State Constitution, _John Randolph_ 138

Revolutionary Object-Lesson, _John Drayton_ 128

Revolution Speech, 1775, _Patrick Henry_ 84

RIVES, AMÉLIE (MRS. CHANLER) 431

"Rope of sand" 186

Rubinstein's Playing, _George William Bagby_ 332

RYAN, ABRAM JOSEPH, (FATHER RYAN) 392

Sage Conversation, A, _A. B. Longstreet_ 182

Salzburger Settlement in Georgia, 1734, _C. C. Jones, Jr._ 376

Sang-Digger,[2] The, _Amélie Rives_ 432

Savannah in 1735 378

Scenery at Harper's Ferry and at the Natural Bridge,
_Thomas Jefferson_ 95

Selecting the Site of Richmond and of Petersburg, 1733,
_William Byrd_ 58

Seminole War 313

Sergeant Jasper at Fort Moultrie, 1776, _David Ramsay_ 106

Sergeant Jasper at Savannah, 1779 107

Sidney Lanier, To, _Waitman Barbe_ 442

Siege of Fort Moultrie, _David Ramsay_ 106

SIMMS, WILLIAM GILMORE 252

Sketch in the Senate, February 5, 1850, _A. H. Stephens_ 298

Slavery, Remark on, _Patrick Henry_ 84

Slave, Master and 413

SMITH, CHARLES HENRY (BILL ARP) 326

SMITH, JOHN 33

Smith, John, Writings of 35

Song of the Chattahoochee, _Sidney Lanier_ 396

Sonnet: Dedication, _R. B. Wilson_ 407

Song: We Break the Glass, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233

Sonnet: Life ever seems, _Henry Timrod_ 344

Sonnet: October, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349

Sonnet: Poet's Vision, _William Gilmore Simms_ 255

South Before the War, The, _Henry W. Grady_ 413

Southern Literary Messenger 277, 317, 332

Southern "Mammy" and the Children 363

Speaking of Clay in the Senate, 1850, The 298

Spelling and Grammar (Prologue to Autobiography),
_David Crockett_ 173

Spirit and Wood-Sparrow, The, _Danske Dandridge_ 430

Sports of a Kentucky School in 1795, _James Lane Allen_ 399

Spotswood, Ex-Gov., and his Home in 1732 58

Star-Spangled Banner, _Francis Scott Key_ 151

State Sovereignty and Liberty, _Robert Y. Hayne_ 185

STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON 296

Stonewall Jackson's Last Words 324

Storm Off the Bermudas, _Wm. Strachey_ 45

STRACHEY, WILLIAM 45

Sugar-Cane: Introduction into the United States 236

Sumpter and Marion, _David Ramsay_ 107

"Swamp-Fox," The 262

System of Our Government, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

Tanis, _Amélie Rives_ 432

Tar-Baby, The, _Joel Chandler Harris_ 403

TERHUNE, MRS. MARY VIRGINIA (MARION HARLAND) 379

Texas Prairie and Cow-Boy's Song 339

The Land Where We Were Dreaming, _D. B. Lucas_ 388

The Spirit and the Wood-Sparrow, _Danske Dandridge_ 430

The South Before the War, _Henry W. Grady_ 413

THOMPSON, JOHN REUBEN 317

Tide Rising in the Marshes, _Sidney Lanier_ 397

TIERNAN, MRS. FRANCES C. (CHRISTIAN REID) 407

TIMROD, HENRY 341

To Be Right Above All, _Henry Clay_ 148

To Cadiz from Havanna, 1855, _Madame Le Vert_ 289

To Helen, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279

Tohopeka, Battle of 302

TOOMBS, ROBERT 284

To the Mocking-Bird, _Albert Pike_ 365

Tree of the Dead, _C. E. A. Gayarré_ 240

Trip to Kentucky at Seven Years of Age, _Jefferson Davis_ 271

True Courage, _A. H. Stephens_ 301

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE 113

TUCKER, GEORGE 140

TUCKER, NATHANIEL BEVERLEY 167

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE H. 329

Tuscarora Indians and Their Legend of a Christ, _William
Byrd_ 65

Under the Shade of the Trees, _Margaret J. Preston_ 324

Union and Liberty, _George Washington_ 77

University of Virginia, Establishment of, _George Tucker_ 143

VANCE, ZEBULON BAIRD 358

Victory at Yorktown, 1781, _James Barren Hope_ 371

Virginia Dare, _F. L. Hawks_ 226

Virginian or American? _Patrick Henry_ 84

Virginians in a New Country, _Joseph G. Baldwin_ 294

Visit to Ex-Governor Spotswood, 1732, _William Byrd_ 58

Visit to the Hermitage 271

War and Peace, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

WASHINGTON, GEORGE 71

Washington and the Hatchet 126

Washington's Advice to His Nephew, _George Washington_ 76

Washington, Character of, _James Madison_ 112

Washington's Farewell to the American People, 1796,
_George Washington_ 77

Washington and Lee, _James Barren Hope_ 372

Washington's Mother When a Girl 381

Washington's Mother at the Peace Ball 381

Washington's Speech in Congress on his Appointment as
Commander-in-Chief, 1775, _George Washington_ 74

Washington, Memorial Address in Congress, 1800, by
Henry Lee, 124

Weatherford, or Red Eagle 302

We Break the Glass,--Song, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233

WEEMS, MASON LOCKE 126

What is Music? _Sidney Lanier_ 397

Whippoorwill, The, _Madison Cawein_ 443

WILDE, RICHARD HENRY 178

WILSON, MRS. AUGUSTA EVANS 383

WILSON, ROBERT BURNS 405

WIRT, WILLIAM 131

Wise Choice, _John C. Calhoun_ 166

Woman's Duty, _Louisa S. M'Cord_ 292

FOOTNOTE:

[2] Ginseng-Digger.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE
Captain John Smith 34

Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas 36

Jamestown, Va. The first permanent English settlement
in America 39

Storm at Sea 44

Sir Walter Raleigh 50

Westover, the Home of William Byrd 55

Evelyn Byrd 57

The Chapel, University of Georgia, Athens 62

The Tower of London 69

George Washington 72

Washington Taking the Oath of Office 75

Old St. John's Church, Richmond, Va. 83

Fort Moultrie, S. C. Fort Sumter in the Distance 88

Monticello, the Home of Jefferson 92

Harper's Ferry 96

Jasper Replacing the Flag 104

William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. 114

University of Virginia 141

Henry Clay 146

Star-Spangled Banner and Seal of the United States 152

Scene in Louisiana 154

John Caldwell Calhoun and His Home 163

The Alamo, San Antonio, Texas 174

University of North Carolina 188

Old Plantation Home 200

State House, Columbia, S. C. Oppo. 211

Tulane University, New Orleans 234

Florida State Agricultural College 244

"Woodlands," the Home of W. Gilmore Simms 253

General R. E. Lee Oppo. 265

Washington and Lee University 267

Beauvoir, the Home of Jefferson Davis 273

Robert Toombs 285

University of Alabama 299

University of Kentucky 307

Osceola 312

Natural Bridge, Virginia 325

University of Mississippi 337

University of Texas (Main Building), Austin 347

State Capitol of North Carolina 359

Tomb of Mary, the Mother of Washington, Fredericksburg, Va. 380

General T. J. Jackson (Stonewall) Oppo. 388

Arkansas Industrial University 402

Mt. Mitchell, N. C. Above the Clouds 408

Grady Monument, Atlanta, Ga. 414

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi 420

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 424

Model School, Peabody Normal College 433

Mississippi Industrial Institute and College for Girls Oppo. 446

Southern Literature.

FIRST PERIOD ... 1579-1750.

JOHN SMITH.

~1579=1631.~

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, the first writer of Virginia, was born at Willoughby, England, and led a life of rare and extensive adventure. "Lamenting and repenting," he says, "to have seen so many Christians slaughter one another," in France and the Lowlands, he enlisted in the wars against the Turks. He was captured by them and held prisoner for a year, but escaped and travelled all over Europe. He finally joined the expedition to colonize Virginia, and came over with the first settlers of Jamestown in 1607. His life here is well known; he remained with the colony two years. He afterwards returned to America as Admiral of New England, but did not stay long. He spent the remainder of his life in writing accounts of himself and his travels, and of the colonies in America.

WORKS.

True Relation (1608).
Map of Virginia (1612).
Description of New England (1616).
New England's Trials (1620).
Accidence for Young Seamen (1626).
Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer
Isles (1624).
True Travels (1630).
Advertisements for Inexperienced Planters of New England (1631).

Captain Smith's style is honest and hearty in tone, picturesque, often amusing, never tiresome. It is involved and ungrammatical at times, but not obscure. The critics have professed to find many inaccuracies of historical statement; but the following, from Professor Edward Arber, the editor of the English Reprint of Smith's Works, will acquit him of this charge:

"Inasmuch as the accuracy of some of Captain Smith's
statements has, in this generation, been called in
question, it was but our duty to subject every one of
the nearly forty thousand lines of this book to a most
searching criticism; scanning every assertion of fact
most keenly, and making the Text, by the insertion of a
multitude of cross-references, prove or disprove itself.

"The result is perfectly satisfactory. Allowing for a
popular style of expression, the Text is homogeneous;
and the nine books comprising it, though written under
very diverse circumstances, and at intervals over the
period of twenty-two years (1608-1630), contain no
material contradictions. Inasmuch, therefore, as
wherever we _can_ check Smith, we find him both modest
and accurate, we are led to think him so, where no such
check is possible, as at Nalbrits in the autumn of 1603,
and on the Chickahominy in the winter of 1607-'8." See
Life, by _Simms_, by _Warner_, and by _Eggleston_ in
"Pocahontas."

RESCUE OF CAPTAIN SMITH BY POCAHONTAS, OR MATOAKA.

(_From Generall Historie._)

[This extract from his "Generall Historie" is in the
words of a report by "eight gentlemen of the Jamestown
Colony." It is corroborated by Captain Smith's letter to
the Queen on the occasion of Pocahontas' visit to
England after her marriage to Mr. John Rolfe. Matoaka,
or Matoax, was her real name in her tribe, but it was
considered unlucky to tell it to the English strangers.]

At last they brought him [Smith] to _Meronocomoco_, where was _Powhatan_ their Emperor. Here more than two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had beene a monster; till _Powhatan_ and his trayne had put themselues in their greatest braveries. Before a fire vpon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered with a great robe, made of _Rarowcun_ skinnes, and all the tayles hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 yeares; and along on each side the house, two rowes of men, and behind them as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red; many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds; but every one with something; and a great chayne of white beads about their necks.

At his entrance before the King, all the people gaue a great shout. The Queene of _Appamatuck_ was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them; having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before _Powhatan_; then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines, _Pocahontas_, the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death: whereat the Emperour was contented he should liue to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper; for they thought him as well of all occupations as themselues. For the King himselfe will make his owne robes, shooes, bowes, arrowes, pots; plant, hunt, or doe anything so well as the rest.

_They say he bore a pleasant shew,
But sure his heart was sad.
For who can pleasant be, and rest,
That liues in feare and dread:
And having life suspected, doth
It still suspected lead._

Two dayes after, _Powhatan_ having disguised himselfe in the most fearefullest manner he could, caused Captain _Smith_ to be brought forth to a great house in the woods, and there vpon a mat by the fire to be left alone. Not long after from behinde a mat that divided the house, was made the most dolefullest noyse he ever heard; then _Powhatan_, more like a devill than a man, with some two hundred more as blacke as himselfe, came vnto him and told him now they were friends, and presently he should goe to _James_ towne, to send him two great gunnes, and a gryndstone, for which he would giue him the Country of _Capahowosick_, and for ever esteeme him as his sonne _Nantaquoud_.

So to _James_ towne with 12 guides _Powhatan_ sent him. That night, they quartered in the woods, he still expecting (as he had done all this long time of his imprisonment) every houre to be put to one death or other; for all their feasting. But almightie God (by his divine providence) had mollified the hearts of those sterne _Barbarians_ with compassion. The next morning betimes they came to the Fort, where _Smith_ having vsed the Salvages with what kindnesse he could, he shewed _Rawhunt_, _Powhatan's_ trusty servant, two demi-Culverings and a millstone to carry _Powhatan_; they found them somewhat too heavie: but when they did see him discharge them, being loaded with stones, among the boughs of a great tree loaded with Isickles, the yce and branches came so tumbling downe, that the poore Salvages ran away halfe dead with feare. But at last we regained some conference with them, and gaue them such toyes: and sent to _Powhatan_, his women, and children such presents, as gaue them in generall full content.

OUR RIGHT TO THOSE COUNTRIES, TRUE REASONS FOR PLANTATIONS, RARE EXAMPLES.

(_From Advertisements for the Inexperienced._)

Many good religious devout men have made it a great question, as a matter in conscience, by what warrant they might goe to possesse those Countries, which are none of theirs, but the poore Salvages.

Which poore curiosity will answer it selfe; for God did make the world to be inhabited with mankind, and to have his name knowne to all Nations, and from generation to generation: as the people increased, they dispersed themselves into such Countries as they found most convenient. And here in _Florida_, _Virginia_, _New-England_, and _Cannada_, is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure [_cultivate_], and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and culturate. And shall we here keepe such a coyle for land, and at such great rents and rates, when there is so much of the world uninhabited, and as much more in other places, and as good or rather better than any wee possesse, were it manured and used accordingly?

If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a copper knife and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they will sell you a whole Countrey [_district_]; and for a small matter, their houses and the ground they dwell upon; but those of the _Massachusets_ have resigned theirs freely.

Now the reasons for plantations are many. _Adam_ and _Eve_ did first begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity; but not without labour, trouble, and industry. Noah and his family began againe the second plantation, and their seed as it still increased, hath still planted new Countries, and one Country another, and so the world to that estate it is; but not without much hazard, travell, mortalities, discontents, and many disasters; had those worthy Fathers and their memorable offspring not beene more diligent for us now in those ages, than wee are to plant that yet unplanted for after-livers: Had the seed of _Abraham_, our Saviour Christ Jesus and his Apostles, exposed themselves to no more dangers to plant the Gospell wee so much professe, than we; even we our selves had at this moment beene as Salvages, and as miserable as the most barbarous Salvage, yet uncivilized.

The _Hebrewes_, the _Lacedemonians_, the _Goths_, _Grecians_, _Romans_, and the rest; what was it they would not undertake to enlarge their Territories, inrich their subjects, and resist their enemies? Those that were the founders of those great Monarchies and their vertues, were no silvered idle golden Pharisees, but industrious honest hearted Publicans; they regarded more provisions and necessaries for their people, than jewels, ease, and delight for themselves; riches was their servants, not their masters; they ruled as fathers, not as tyrants; their people as children, not as slaves; there was no disaster could discourage them; and let none thinke they incountered not with all manner of incumbrances; and what hath ever beene the worke of the best great Princes of the world, but planting of Countries, and civilizing barbarous and inhumane Nations to civility and humanity; whose eternall actions fils our histories with more honour than those that have wasted and consumed them by warres.

Lastly, the _Portugals_ and _Spaniards_ that first began plantations in this unknowne world of _America_ till within this 140. yeares [1476-1616], whose everlasting actions before our eyes, will testifie our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterity, and neglect of our duty and religion we owe our God, our King, and Countrey, and want of charity to those poore Salvages, whose Countries we challenge, use and possesse: except wee be but made to marre what our forefathers made; or but only tell what they did; or esteeme our selves too good to take the like paines where there is so much reason, liberty, and action offers it selfe. Having as much power and meanes as others, why should English men despaire, and not doe as much as any? Was it vertue in those Hero[e]s to provide that [which] doth maintaine us, and basenesse in us to do the like for others to come? Surely no: then seeing wee are not borne for ourselves but each to helpe other; and our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and the minute of our death: seeing our good deeds or bad, by faith in Christs merits, is all wee have to carry our soules to heaven or hell: Seeing honour is our lives ambition, and our ambition after death to have an honourable memory of our life; and seeing by no meanes we would be abated of the dignitie and glory of our predecessors, let us imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors; or at least not hinder, if not further, them that would and doe their utmost and best endeavour.

ASCENT OF THE JAMES RIVER, 1607.

(_From Newes from Virginia._)

The two and twenty day of Aprill [_or rather May, 1607_], Captain _Newport_ and myself with diuers others, to the number of twenty two persons, set forward to discouer the Riuer, some fiftie or sixtie miles, finding it in some places broader, and in some narrower, the Countrie (for the moste part) on each side plaine high ground, with many freshe Springes, the people in all places kindely intreating vs, daunsing, and feasting vs with strawberries, Mulberies, Bread, Fish, and other their Countrie prouisions whereof we had plenty; for which Captaine _Newport_ kindely requited their least fauors with Bels, Pinnes, Needles, beades, or Glasses, which so contented them that his liberallitie made them follow vs from place to place, and euer kindely to respect vs. In the midway staying to refresh our selues in a little Ile foure or five sauages came vnto vs which described vnto vs the course of the Riuer, and after in our iourney, they often met vs, trading with vs for such prouision as wee had, and arriuing at _Arsatecke_, hee whom we supposed to bee the chiefe King of all the rest, moste kindely entertained vs, giuing vs in a guide to go with vs vp the Riuer to _Powhatan_, of which place their great Emperor taketh his name, where he that they honored for King vsed vs kindely.

But to finish this discouerie, we passed on further, where within an ile [_a mile_] we were intercepted with great craggy stones in the midst of the riuer, where the water falleth so rudely, and with such a violence, as not any boat can possibly passe, and so broad disperseth the streame, as there is not past fiue or sixe Foote at a low water, and to the shore scarce passage with a barge, the water floweth foure foote, and the freshes by reason of the Rockes haue left markes of the inundations 8. or 9. foote: The south side is plaine low ground, and the north side high mountaines, the rockes being of a grauelly nature, interlaced with many vains of glistring spangles.

That night we returned to _Powhatan_: the next day (being Whitsunday after dinner) we returned to the fals, leauing a mariner in pawn with the Indians for a guide of theirs, hee that they honoured for King followed vs by the riuer. That afternoone we trifled in looking vpon the Rockes and riuer (further he would not goe) so there we erected a crosse, and that night taking our man at _Powhatans_, Captaine _Newport_ congratulated his kindenes with a Gown and a Hatchet: returning to _Arsetecke_, and stayed there the next day to obserue the height [_latitude_] thereof, and so with many signes of loue we departed.

WILLIAM STRACHEY.

WILLIAM STRACHEY[3] was an English gentleman who came over to Virginia with Sir Thomas Gates in 1609, and was secretary of the Colony for three years. Their ship, the _Sea Venture_, was wrecked on the Bermudas in a terrible tempest, of which he gives the account that follows. It is said to have suggested to Shakspere the scene of the storm and hurricane in his "Tempest."

WORKS.

A True Repertory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates
upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas.
Historie of Travaile into Virginia Brittania.
_Edited_ Lawes Divine, Morall, and Martiall.

William Strachey's writings show a thoughtful and cultivated mind. His style abounds in the long involved and often obscure sentences of his times, but his subject matter is usually very interesting. Compare the following selection with Shakspere's "Tempest," Act I., scene 1 and 2, to "_Ariel, thy charge_." Notice the reference to _Bermoothes_ (Bermudas).

A STORM OFF THE BERMUDAS.

(_From A True Repertory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates._)

On St. James his day, July 24, being Monday (preparing for no less all the black night before) the clouds gathering thick upon us, and the winds singing and whistling most unusually, which made us to cast off our Pinnace, towing the same until then asterne, a dreadful storm and hideous began to blow from out the Northeast, which, swelling and roaring as it were by fits, some hours with more violence than others, at length did beat all light from heaven, which, like an hell of darkness, turned black upon us, so much the more fuller of horror, as in such cases horror and fear use to overrun the troubled and overmastered senses of all, while (taken up with amazement) the ears lay so sensible to the terrible cries, and murmurs of the winds and distraction of our Company, as who was most armed and best prepared, was not a little shaken. . .

For four and twenty hours the storm, in a restless tumult, had blown so exceedingly, as we could not apprehend in our imaginations any possibility of greater violence, yet did we still find it, not only more terrible, but more constant, fury added to fury, and one storm urging a second, more outrageous than the former, whether it so wrought upon our fears, or indeed met with new forces. Sometimes strikes in our Ship amongst women, and passengers not used to such hurly and discomforts, made us look one upon the other with troubled hearts, and panting bosoms, our clamors drowned in the winds, and the winds in thunder. Prayers might well be in the heart and lips, but drowned in the outcries of the Officers,--nothing heard that could give comfort, nothing seen that might encourage hope. . . . .

Our sails, wound up, lay without their use, and if at any time we bore but a Hollocke, or half forecourse, to guide her before the Sea, six and sometimes eight men, were not enough to hold the whip-staffe in the steerage, and the tiller below in the Gunner room; by which may be imagined the strength of the storm, in which the Sea swelled above the Clouds and gave battle unto heaven. It could not be said to rain, the waters like whole Rivers did flood in the ayre. And this I did still observe, that whereas upon the Land, when a storm hath poured itself forth once in drifts of rain, the wind as beaten down, and vanquished therewith, not long after endureth,--here the glut of water (as if throatling the wind ere while) was no sooner a little emptied and qualified, but instantly the winds (as having gotten their mouths now free and at liberty) spake more loud, and grew more tumultuous and malignant. What shall I say? Winds and Seas were as mad as fury and rage could make them. . . . . . .

Howbeit this was not all; it pleased God to bring a greater affliction yet upon us, for in the beginning of the storm we had received likewise a mighty leak, and the ship in every joint almost having spewed out her Okam, before we were aware (a casualty more desperate than any other that a Voyage by Sea draweth with it) was grown five feet suddenly deep with water above her ballast, and we almost drowned within, whilest we sat looking when to perish from above. This, imparting no less terror than danger, ran through the whole Ship with much fright and amazement, startled and turned the blood, and took down the braves of the most hardy Mariner of them all, insomuch as he that before happily felt not the sorrow of others, now began to sorrow for himself, when he saw such a pond of water so suddenly broken in, and which he knew could not (with present avoiding) but instantly sink him. . . .

Once so huge a Sea brake upon the poop and quarter, upon us, as it covered our ship from stern to stem, like a garment or a vast cloud. It filled her brimful for a while within, from the hatches up to the spar deck. . .

Tuesday noon till Friday noon, we bailed and pumped two thousand tun, and yet, do what we could, when our ship held least in her (after Tuesday night second watch) she bore ten feet deep, at which stay our extreme working kept her one eight glasses, forbearance whereof had instantly sunk us; and it being now Friday, the fourth morning, it wanted little but that there had been a general determination, to have shut up hatches and commending our sinful souls to God, committed the ship to the mercy of the sea. Surely that night we must have done it, and that night had we then perished; but see the goodness and sweet introduction of better hope by our merciful God given unto us. Sir George Summers, when no man dreamed of such happiness, had discovered and cried, "Land!" Indeed, the morning, now three-quarters spent, had won a little clearness from the days before, and it being better surveyed, the very trees were seen to move with the wind upon the shore-side.

FOOTNOTE:

[3] Pronounced Str[va]k´ey.

JOHN LAWSON.

~Died 1712.~

JOHN LAWSON was a Scotch gentleman who came to America in 1700. In his own words: "In the year 1700, when people flocked from all parts of the Christian world, to see the solemnity of the grand jubilee at Rome, my intention being at that time to travel, I accidentally met with a gentlemen, who had been abroad, and was very well acquainted with the ways of living in both Indies; of whom having made inquiry concerning them, he assured me that Carolina was the best country I could go to; and, that there then lay a ship in the Thames in which I might have my passage." He resided in Carolina eight years. As "Gent. Surveyor-General of North Carolina," he wrote his History of North Carolina, which is an original, sprightly, and faithful account of the eastern section of the State, and contains valuable matter for the subsequent historian. It is dedicated to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina, and was published in 1714.

He was taken captive by the Tuscarora Indians, while on a surveying trip, and was by them put to death in 1712 on the Neuse River in North Carolina, because, said they, "he had taken their land," by marking it off into sections.

WORK.

History of North Carolina [rare].

NORTH CAROLINA IN 1700-1708.

(_From History of North Carolina, 1714._)

The first discovery and settlement of this country was by the procurement of Sir Walter Raleigh, in conjunction with some public spirited gentlemen of that age, under the protection of queen Elizabeth; for which reason it was then named Virginia, being begun on that part called Ronoak Island, where the ruins of a fort are to be seen at this day, as well as some old English coins which have been lately found; and a brass gun, a powder horn, and one small quarter-deck gun, made of iron staves, and hooped with the same metal; which method of making guns might very probably be made use of in those days for the convenience of infant colonies. . . . . .

I cannot forbear inserting here a pleasant story that passes for an uncontested truth amongst the inhabitants of this place; which is, that the ship which brought the first colonies does often appear amongst them, under sail, in a gallant posture, which they call Sir Walter Raleigh's ship. And the truth of this has been affirmed to me by men of the best credit in the country.

A second settlement of this country was made about fifty years ago, in that part we now call Albemarl county, and chiefly in Chuwon precinct, by several substantial planters from Virginia and other plantations; who finding mild winters, and a fertile soil beyond expectation, producing everything that was planted to a prodigious increase; . . . . so that everything seemed to come by nature, the husbandman living almost void of care, and free from those fatigues which are absolutely requisite in winter countries, for providing fodder and other necessaries; these encouragements induced them to stand their ground, although but a handful of people, seated at great distances one from another, and amidst a vast number of Indians of different nations, who were then in Carolina.

Nevertheless, I say, the fame of this new discovered summer country spread through the neighboring colonies, and in a few years drew a considerable number of families thereto, who all found land enough to settle themselves in (had they been many thousands more), and that which was very good and commodiously seated both for profit and pleasure.

And, indeed, most of the plantations in Carolina naturally enjoy a noble prospect of large and spacious rivers, pleasant savannas and fine meadows, with their green liveries interwoven with beautiful flowers of most glorious colors, which the several seasons afford; hedged in with pleasant groves of the ever famous tulip tree, the stately laurels and bays, equalizing the oak in bigness and growth, myrtles, jessamines, woodbines, honeysuckles, and several other fragrant vines and evergreens, whose aspiring branches shadow and interweave themselves with the loftiest timbers, yielding a pleasant prospect, shade and smell, proper habitations for the sweet singing birds, that melodiously entertain such as travel through the woods of Carolina.

The Planters possessing all these blessings, and the produce of great quantities of wheat and indian corn, in which this country is very fruitful, as likewise in beef, pork, tallow, hides, deer skins, and furs; for these commodities the new England men and Bermudians visited Carolina in their barks and sloops, and carried out what they made, bringing them in exchange, rum, sugar, salt, molasses, and some wearing apparel, though the last at very extravagant prices.

As the land is very fruitful, so are the planters kind and hospitable to all that come to visit them; there being very few housekeepers but what live very nobly, and give away more provisions to coasters and guests who come to see them than they expend amongst their own families. . .

The easy way of living in that plentiful country makes a great many planters very negligent, which, were they otherwise, that colony might now have been in a far better condition than it is, as to trade and other advantages, which an universal industry would have led them into. The women are the most industrious sex in that place, and, by their good housewifery, make a great deal of cloth of their own cotton, wool and flax; some of them keeping their families, though large, very decently appareled, both with linens and woolens, so that they have no occasion to run into the merchants' debt, or lay their money out on stores for clothing.

. . . As for those women that do not expose themselves to the weather, they are often very fair, and generally as well featured as you shall see anywhere, and have very brisk, charming eyes which sets them off to advantage. . . . .

Both sexes are generally spare of body and not choleric, nor easily cast down at disappointments and losses, seldom immoderately grieving at misfortunes, unless for the loss of their nearest relations and friends, which seems to make a more than ordinary impression upon them. Many of the women are very handy in canoes and will manage them with great dexterity and skill, which they become accustomed to in this watery country. They are ready to help their husbands in any servile work, as planting, when the season of the weather requires expedition; pride seldom banishing good housewifery. The girls are not bred up to the wheel and sewing only, but the dairy and the affairs of the house they are very well acquainted withal; so that you shall see them, whilst very young, manage their business with a great deal of conduct and alacrity. The children of both sexes are very docile and learn any thing with a great deal of care and method, and those that have the advantages of education write very good hands, and prove good accountants, which is most coveted, and, indeed, most necessary in these parts. The young men are commonly of a bashful, sober behaviour; few proving prodigals to consume what the industry of their parents has left them, but commonly improve it.

HARVEST HOME OF THE INDIANS.

(_From History of North Carolina._)