Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber's Notes:

Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), and text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=).

Additional Transcriber's Notes are at the end.

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SPANISH AMERICA

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THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES

_Demy 8vo, cloth._

1. =CHILE.= By G. F. SCOTT ELLIOTT, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by
Martin Hume, a Map, and 39 Illustrations. (4th Impression.)

2. =PERU.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by
Martin Hume, a Map, and 72 Illustrations. (3rd Impression.)

3. =MEXICO.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by
Martin Hume, a Map, and 64 Illustrations. (3rd Impression.)

4. =ARGENTINA.= By W. A. HIRST. With an Introduction by Martin Hume,
a Map, and 64 Illustrations. (4th Impression.)

5. =BRAZIL.= By PIERRE DENIS. With a Historical Chapter by Bernard
Miall, a Map, and 36 Illustrations. (2nd Impression.)

6. =URUGUAY.= By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 55 Illustrations.

7. =GUIANA: British, French, and Dutch.= By JAMES RODWAY. With a Map
and 36 Illustrations.

8. =VENEZUELA.= By LEONARD V. DALTON, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.G.S., F.R.G.S.
With a Map and 36 Illustrations. (2nd Impression.)

9. =LATIN AMERICA: Its Rise and Progress.= By F. GARCIA CALDERON.
With a Preface by Raymond Poincaré, President of France, a Map, and
34 Illustrations. (2nd Impression.)

10. =COLOMBIA.= By PHANOR JAMES EDER, A.B., LL.B. With 2 Maps and 40
Illustrations. (2nd Impression.)

11. =ECUADOR.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S.

12. =BOLIVIA.= By PAUL WALLE. With 62 Illustrations and 4 Maps.

13. =PARAGUAY.= By W. H. KOEBEL.

14. =CENTRAL AMERICA.= By W. H. KOEBEL.

"The output of the books upon Latin America has in recent years been
very large, a proof doubtless of the increasing interest that is felt
in the subject. Of these the South American Series edited by Mr.
Martin Hume is the most noteworthy."--TIMES.

"Mr. Unwin is doing good service to commercial men and investors by
the production of his 'South American Series.'"--SATURDAY REVIEW.

"Those who wish to gain some idea of the march of progress in these
countries cannot do better than study the admirable 'South American
Series.'"--CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL.

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Vol. II. Frontispiece.]

SPANISH AMERICA

ITS ROMANCE, REALITY
AND FUTURE

BY

C. R. ENOCK, C.E., F.R.G.S.

AUTHOR OF "THE ANDES AND THE AMAZON," "PERU,"
"MEXICO," "ECUADOR," ETC.

WITH 26 ILLUSTRATIONS AND A MAP

VOL. II

T. FISHER UNWIN LTD

LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE

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_First published in 1920_

(_All rights reserved_)

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

IX. THE LANDS OF THE SPANISH MAIN: COLOMBIA
AND VENEZUELA 11

X. THE LANDS OF THE SPANISH MAIN: VENEZUELA
AND GUIANA 32

XI. THE AMAZON VALLEY: IN COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA,
ECUADOR, BOLIVIA, PERU AND BRAZIL 74

XII. BRAZIL 111

XIII. THE RIVER PLATE AND THE PAMPAS: ARGENTINA,
URUGUAY AND PARAGUAY 158

XIV. THE RIVER PLATE AND THE PAMPAS: ARGENTINA,
URUGUAY AND PARAGUAY 202

XV. TRADE AND FINANCE 236

XVI. TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW 254

INDEX 303

ILLUSTRATIONS

BRONZE STATUE OF BOLÍVAR IN THE PLAZA, CARÁCAS,
VENEZUELA _Frontispiece_

TO FACE PAGE

A SEAPORT ON THE AMERICAN MEDITERRANEAN, SANTA
MARTA, COLOMBIA 14

TRANSPORTING MACHINERY IN THE COLOMBIAN ANDES 22

THE MAINLAND FROM TRINIDAD, AND VIEW IN THE
DELTA OF THE ORINOCO 34

INDIANS AT HOME, GUIANA 52

GEORGETOWN, BRITISH GUIANA 64

IN THE PERUVIAN MONTAÑA 78

UNCIVILIZED FOREST INDIANS OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON 90

INDIANS OF THE NAPO, PERUVIAN-AMAZON REGION 96

THE BAY OF RIO DE JANEIRO 112

PALM AVENUE, RIO DE JANEIRO 128

A COLONY, RIO GRANDE 132

A VIEW IN SAO PAULO 140

COFFEE HARVEST, BRAZIL 150

BUENOS AYRES 160

MAR DEL PLATA 166

MONTEVIDEO: THE PLAZA 178

MONTEVIDEO: THE HARBOUR 178

THE PAMPAS, ARGENTINA 204

THE CITY OF CORDOBA, ARGENTINA 206

IGUAZU FALLS 210

A CHACO FLOOD 214

BRINGING HOME YERBA 220

PACKING YERBA 220

STREET IN MEXICO CITY. CATHEDRAL IN DISTANCE 264

CHAPEL OF THE ROSARIO, MEXICO 266

SPANISH AMERICA