Chapter I: Front Matter

THE NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITION OF HERNANDO
DE SOTO, BY THE GENTLEMAN OF ELVAS

EDITED BY THEODORE H. LEWIS

THE NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITION OF HERNANDO DE SOTO, BY
THE GENTLEMAN OF ELVAS 127

INTRODUCTION 129

Epigram of Silveira 133

Prefatory Note by the Printer 134

Chapter 1. Who Soto was, and how he came to get the Government
of Florida 135

Chapter 2. How Cabeça de Vaca arrived at Court, and gave
Account of the Country of Florida; and of the
Persons who assembled at Seville to accompany
Don Hernando de Soto 136

Chapter 3. How the Portuguese went to Seville, and thence to
Sanlúcar; and how the Captains were appointed
over the Ships, and the People distributed among
them 138

Chapter 4. How the Adelantado with his People left Spain
going to the Canary Islands, and afterward
arrived in the Antillas 139

Chapter 5. Of the Inhabitants there are in the City of
Santiago and other Towns of the Island, the
Character of the Soil, and of the Fruit 140

Chapter 6. How the Governor sent Doña Ysabel with the Ships
from Santiago to Havana, while he with some of
the Men went thither by land 142

Chapter 7. How we left Havana and came to Florida, and what
other Matters took place 145

Chapter 8. Of some Inroads that were made, and how a Christian
was found who had been a long time in the
possession of a Cacique 148

Chapter 9. How the Christian came to the Land of Florida, who
he was, and of what passed at his Interview with
the Governor 149

Chapter 10. How the Governor, having sent the Ships to Cuba,
marched Inland, leaving one hundred Men at the
Port 153

Chapter 11. How the Governor arrived at Caliquen, and thence,
taking the Cacique with him, came to Napetaca,
where the Indians, attempting to rescue him,
had many of their Number killed and captured 156

Chapter 12. How the Governor arrived at Palache, and was
informed that there was much Gold inland 160

Chapter 13. How the Governor went from Apalache in quest of
Yupaha, and what befell him 164

Chapter 14. How the Governor left the Province of Patofa,
marching into a Desert Country, where he, with
his People, became exposed to great Peril, and
underwent severe Privation 169

Chapter 15. How the Governor went from Cutifachiqui in quest
of Coça, and what occurred to him on the Journey 175

Chapter 16. How the Governor left Chiaha, and, having run a
Hazard of falling by the Hands of the Indians
at Acoste, escaped by his Address: what occurred
to him on the Route, and how he came to Coça 181

Chapter 17. Of how the Governor went from Coça to Tascaluça 185

Chapter 18. How the Indians rose upon the Governor, and what
followed upon that Rising 190

Chapter 19. How the Governor set his Men in order of Battle, and
entered the town of Mauilla 192

Chapter 20. How the Governor set out from Mauilla to go to
Chicaça, and what befell him 194

Chapter 21. How the Indians returned to attack the Christians,
and how the Governor went to Alimamu, and they
tarried to give him Battle in the Way 199

Chapter 22. How the Governor went from Quizquiz, and thence to
the River Grande 201

Chapter 23. How the Governor went from Aquixo to Casqui, and
thence to Pacaha; and how this Country differs
from the other 205

Chapter 24. How the Cacique of Pacaha came in Peace, and he of
Casqui, having absented himself, returned to
excuse his Conduct; and how the Governor made
Friendship between the Chiefs 209

Chapter 25. How the Governor went from Pacaha to Aquiguate and
to Coligoa, and came to Cayas 213

Chapter 26. How the Governor went to visit the Province of
Tulla, and what happened to him 217

Chapter 27. How the Governor went from Tulla to Autiamque,
where he passed the Winter 221

Chapter 28. How the Governor went from Autiamque to Nilco, and
thence to Guachoya 224

Chapter 29. The Message sent to Quigaltam, and the Answer
brought back to the Governor, and what occurred
the while 228

Chapter 30. The Death of the Adelantado, Don Hernando de Soto,
and how Luys Moscoso de Alvarado was chosen
Governor 232

Chapter 31. How the Governor Luys de Moscoso left Guachoya and
went to Chaguete, and thence to Aguacay 235

Chapter 32. How the Governor went from Aguacay to Naguatex,
and what happened to him 238

Chapter 33. How the Cacique of Naguatex came to visit the
Governor, and how the Governor went thence, and
arrived at Nondacao 240

Chapter 34. How the Governor marched from Nondacao to
Soacatino and Guasco, passing through a
Wilderness, whence, for want of a Guide and
Interpreter, he retired to Nilco 243

Chapter 35. How the Christians returned to Nilco, and thence
went to Minoya, where they prepared to build
Vessels in which to leave Florida 246

Chapter 36. How Seven Brigantines were built, and the
Christians took their Departure from Aminoya 250

Chapter 37. How the Christians, on their Voyage, were attacked
in the River, by the Indians of Quigualtam, and
what happened 254

Chapter 38. How the Christians were Pursued by the Indians 257

Chapter 39. How the Christians came to the Sea, what occurred
then, and what befell them on the Voyage 259

Chapter 40. How the Brigantines lost Sight of each other in a
Storm, and afterwards came together at a Kay 262

Chapter 41. How the Christians arrived at the River Panico 264

Chapter 42. How the Christians came to Panico, and of their
Reception by the Inhabitants 266

Chapter 43. The Favor the People found in the Viceroy and
Residents of Mexico 268

Chapter 44. Which sets forth some of the Diversities and
Peculiarities of Florida; and the Fruit, Birds,
and Beasts of the Country 270

THE NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITION OF CORONADO,
BY PEDRO DE CASTAÑEDA

EDITED BY FREDERICK W. HODGE

THE NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITION OF CORONADO, BY PEDRO DE
CASTAÑEDA 273

INTRODUCTION 275

Preface 281

FIRST PART

Chapter 1. Which treats of the Way we first came to know about
the Seven Cities, and of how Nuño de Guzman made
an Expedition to discover them 285

Chapter 2. Of how Francisco Vazquez Coronado came to be
Governor, and the second Account which Cabeza
de Vaca gave 287

Chapter 3. Of how they killed the Negro Estevan at Cibola, and
Friar Marcos returned in Flight 289

Chapter 4. Of how the noble Don Antonio de Mendoza made an
Expedition to discover Cibola 290

Chapter 5. Concerning the Captains who went to Cibola 292

Chapter 6. Of how all the Companies collected in Compostela and
set off on the Journey in good Order 293

Chapter 7. Of how the Army reached Chiametla, and the Killing
of the Army-Master, and the other things that
happened up to the Arrival at Culiacan 295

Chapter 8. Of how the Army entered the Town of Culiacan and
the Reception it received, and other things
which happened before the Departure 297

Chapter 9. Of how the Army started from Culiacan and the
Arrival of the General at Cibola, and of the
Army at Señora and of other things that happened 298

Chapter 10. Of how the Army started from the Town of Señora,
leaving it inhabited, and how it reached Cibola,
and of what happened to Captain Melchior Diaz on
his Expedition in Search of the Ships and how he
discovered the Tison (Firebrand) River 302

Chapter 11. Of how Don Pedro de Tovar discovered Tusayan or
Tutahaco and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas saw
the Firebrand River, and the other things that
had happened 306

Chapter 12. Of how people came from Cicuye to Cibola to see
the Christians, and how Hernando de Alvarado went
to see the Cows 310

Chapter 13. Of how the General went toward Tutahaco with a few
Men and left the Army with Don Tristan, who took
it to Tiguex 313

Chapter 14. Of how the Army went from Cibola to Tiguex and
what happened to them on the way, on account of
the Snow 315

Chapter 15. Of why Tiguex revolted, and how they were
punished, without being to Blame for it 317

Chapter 16. Of how they besieged Tiguex and took it and of
what happened during the Siege 320

Chapter 17. Of how Messengers reached the Army from the Valley
of Señora, and how Captain Melchior Diaz died on
the Expedition to the Firebrand River 324

Chapter 18. Of how the General managed to leave the Country in
Peace so as to go in Search of Quivira, where the
Turk said there was the most Wealth 327

Chapter 19. Of how they started in Search of Quivira and of
what happened on the Way 329

Chapter 20. Of how great Stones fell in the Camp, and how they
discovered another Ravine, where the Army was
divided into two Parts 333

Chapter 21. Of how the Army returned to Tiguex and the General
reached Quivira 335

Chapter 22. Of how the General returned from Quivira and of
other Expeditions toward the North 339

SECOND PART

WHICH TREATS OF THE HIGH VILLAGES AND PROVINCES AND OF
THEIR HABITS AND CUSTOMS, AS COLLECTED BY PEDRO DE
CASTAÑEDA, NATIVE OF THE CITY OF NAJARA

Chapter 1. Of the Province of Culiacan and of its Habits and
Customs 344

Chapter 2. Of the Province of Petlatlan and all the Inhabited
Country as far as Chichilticalli 346

Chapter 3. Of Chichilticalli and the Desert, of Cibola, its
Customs and Habits, and of other things 349

Chapter 4. Of how they live at Tiguex, and of the Province of
Tiguex and its Neighborhood 352

Chapter 5. Of Cicuye and the Villages in its Neighborhood, and
of how some People came to conquer this Country 355

Chapter 6. Which gives the Number of Villages which were seen
in the Country of the Terraced Houses, and their
Population 358

Chapter 7. Which treats of the Plains that were crossed, of
the Cows, and of the People who inhabit them 361

Chapter 8. Of Quivira, of where it is and some Information
about it 364

THIRD PART

WHICH DESCRIBES WHAT HAPPENED TO FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ
CORONADO DURING THE WINTER, AND HOW HE GAVE UP THE
EXPEDITION AND RETURNED TO NEW SPAIN

Chapter 1. Of how Don Pedro de Tovar came from Señora with
some Men, and Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas
started back to New Spain 366

Chapter 2. Of the General's Fall, and of how the Return to
New Spain was ordered 368

Chapter 3. Of the Rebellion at Suya and the Reasons the
Settlers gave for it 370

Chapter 4. Of how Friar Juan de Padilla and Friar Luis
remained in the Country and the Army prepared
to return to Mexico 372

Chapter 5. Of how the Army left the Settlements and marched
to Culiacan, and of what happened on the Way 375

Chapter 6. Of how the General started from Culiacan to give the
Viceroy an Account of the Army with which he had
been intrusted 377

Chapter 7. Of the Adventures of Captain Juan Gallego while he
was bringing Reënforcements through the Revolted
Country 379

Chapter 8. Which describes some remarkable things that were
seen on the Plains, with a Description of the
Bulls 381

Chapter 9. Which treats of the Direction which the Army took,
and of how another more direct Way might be found,
if anyone was to return to that Country 384

SPANISH EXPLORERS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

THE NARRATIVE OF ALVAR NUÑEZ CABEZA DE VACA