Chapter D: Eversporting Varieties (21)

_Labiates_, 237 pelories of, 577 _Labiatiflorae_, pelorism of, 468 Labrador tea, 661 _Laburnum_, 270, 284, 342 oak-leaved 147, 179 pelorism of, 485 _Lactuca_, 52 _Scariola_, 456 Lagasca, Mariano, 96, 97, 114 Lamarck, 1, 447, 461, 522, 522 Lamarckism objections to, 449 _Lamium album_, 237 _maculatum_, 237 pelorism of, 486 _purpureum_, 237 Larch, 804 Larkspur, 124, 192, 311, 452 hybrid, 213 white, 160 Latency, 657 individual, 219 specific, 246 systematic, 219, 220, 235 varietal, 246 Latent characters, 216 _Lathyrus odoratus_, 776 _Laurea pinnatifida_, 450 Laurel, lady's, 146 Laurent, 802 Leaves, cleft, 685 variegated, 426, 431 LeBrun, Mme., 614 Le Couteur, 96, 97, 107, 108, 114, 115, 116, 742 _Ledum_, 222, 661 _Lemna_, 222 Lemoine, 762, 762 Lettuce, 684 crisped, 158 prickly, 456 Life, struggle for, 103, 119, 120 Lilacs, 59, 769 double, 762 _Lilium candidum flore pleno_, 331 _pardalium_, 116 Lime-tree, 355, 366, 428, 669 fern-leaved, 147 _Linaria_, 467, 471, 480 _dalmatica_, 482 _genistifolia_, 267 _italica_, 267 _vulgaris_, 267, 471 _vulgaris peloria_, 464 Lindley, 63, 129, 506 Linnaeus, 32, 33, 129, 132, 256, 663 on the idea of species, 11, 13 on origin of species, 2, 34 on primroses, 52 _Linum angustifolium_, 80 _crepitans_, 81 _usitatissimum_, 80, 161 Link, 466 Liver-leaf, 322 _Lobelia syphilitica_, 161 _Lonicera etrusca_, 640 _tartarica nana_, 614 Lorenz, Chr., 482 Lothelier, 454 _Lotus corniculatus_, 442 _corniculatus hirsutus_, 139 London, 615, 616, 667 Lucerne, 264 Ludwig, 738 Lupines, 90 _Lychnis_, 282 _chalcedonica_, 161 _diurna_, 238, 578 _preslii_, 578 _vespertina_, 238, 281, 585 _Lycium_, 455 _Lycopersicum_, 655 _grandifolium_, 654 _latifolium_ (see _L. grandifolium_). _solanopsis_, 854, 656 _validum_ (see _L. solanopsis_). Lyell, 1, 710 _Lysimachia vulgaris_, 684

M

MacDougal, D.T., 62, 575, 590 Macfarlane, 56, 255, 268 _Madia elegans_, 779 _Magnolia_, 355, 366, 428, 674, 675 _obovata_, 355, 669 _Magnus_, 228 _Mahonia aquifolia_, 270 Maize, 134, 775 "Cuzco," 152 European, 206 "Gracillima," 152 "Horse-dent," 152 "Quarantino," 118 Mallow, 663, 684 _Malva crispa_, 684 Maples, laciniate, 615 Marchant, 592 Marigold, 131, 158 corn, 729 field, 503, 505, 508 garden, 503 Japanese, 490, 494, 495 Marsh-marigold, 331 Martinet, 80 Measart, 434 Masters, 228, 370, 372 _Matricaria Chamomilla_, 130 _Chamomilla discoidea_, 156 Matricaria discoidea, D.C., 157 May-thorn, red, 196 _Medicago media_, 264 _falcata_, 264 _Melanium_, 39 Melons, 118 Mendel, 6, 210, 294, 296, 306, 308 Mendel's law, 276, 293, 294, 298, 299, 300, 301, 307, 612, 613, 616, 716 Mendelism, 307 Mentha, 52 _Mercurialis annua_, 420 _annua laciniata_, 592 Mercury, 420, 422, 425, 820 Methods of investigation, 21 Metzger, 205, 206 Milde, 38 Milfoil, 441 Millardet, 266 Miller, 611 Millet, 105 _Mimulus_, 151 _quinquevulnerus_, 725 _Mimusops_, 697 Miocene period, 698 Miquel, 83 _Mirabilis_, 241 _Jalappa_, 322 Mirbel, 615 _Monardella macrantha_, 444 Monstrosities, 400, 401, 445, 446, 447 Monkey-flower, 725 Monocotyledons ancestry of, 1, 5 regression in, 630 _Monotropa_, 222, 661 Morphologic units, 145, 152 Monstrosities, 818 Morgan on mutation-theory, 9 Morren, 244, 762 Mountain-ash, 342 Muller, Fritz, 775, 776, 780 Multiplication, vegetative (see Asexual propagation) Munting, Abraham, 164, 165, 490, 762 Munting's drawings, 512 Murr, 158, 236 _Muscari comosam_, 134 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 522 Mutability vs. fluctuating variability, 568 Mutation, 659, 674, 677, 685, 686, 694, 713, 716, 825 absence of intermediate steps in, 474, 480 conditions for observing, 601 decided within the seed, 28 definition of, 7 easily observed, 30 experimental, 688 few observations of, 8 fluctuation vs., 7, 16, 719 influence of on variability, 335 iterative nature of, 476, , 703 laws of, 556, 558, 560, 562, 564, 566, 568, 570 limited in time, 29 observation of, 16 in _Oenothera_, 521, 525, 690 oldest known, 609 oldest recorded, 22 periodic, 690, 692, 694 perodicity of, 519 progressive, 307 repetition of, 476 in _Saponaria calabrica_, 612 simultaneous, 614 in tomato, 655 Mutations, 141, 275, 280, 445, 449, 573, 608, 620, 626, 678, 685, 686, 701, 704, 712, 713, 716, 800 artificial, 402 chance for useful, 598 defined, 191 frequency of, 597 in garden-flowers, 488 in horticulture, 604, 706 latent, 703 mode of appearance, 517 numerical proportion of, 475 original production of, 702 peloric, 707 periodic, 686, 705 progressive, 704 retrograde, 704 stray, 704, 705, 706 synonyms of, 191 Mutation-period, 714 _Myosotis azorica_, 368 _Myrtus communis_, 684

N

Nageli, 60, 439, 443, 448, 795 Nagelian principle, 448, 450, 451 Natural selection, 18, 119, 120, 445, 456, 682, 694, 703, 743, 744, 798-826 basis, 604 nature of, 6, 19 Naudin, 118 Nectarines, 137, 138, 226, 627 Nemec, 578 Neo-Lamarckians principle of, 8 Neo-Lamarckism 447 _Nepenthes_, 671, 672, 673, 674 Newton, 1, 732, 767 _Nicandra_, 152 _Nigella_, 134 Nightshade, 298 black, 282 Nourishment meaning of, 732 variability and 771 _Nuphar_, 268 Nutrition and growth, 720, 722 _Nymphaea_, 698

O

Oats, 98, 100, 101, 105, 112, 113, 115, 119, 133,
452
"Early Angus," 115
"Early Fellow," 115
"Fine Fellow," 115
"Hopetown," 112
"Longfellow," 115
"Make-him-rich," 112
wild, 207, 803
Oak, 136, 239
_Oenothera_, 260, 262, 279, 700, 706, 708, 709
European species, source of, 575
mutation in, 521, 525, 585, 690, 708
new species of, 516-546
_albida_, 537, 553, 555, 563, 565, 573
_biennia_, 82, 205, 256, 257, 258; 259, 262,
263, 264, 521, 524, 527, 574, 575, 586,
587, 683, 690, 708
_biennis cruciata_, 22, 587
_brevistylis_, 263, 280, 526, 529, 530, 547,
563, 564, 565, 573, 574, 702, 706
_cruciata_, 575, 585, 586, 589, 590, 683
_elliptica_, 540, 545, 555, 562
_gigas_, 533, 534, 535, 536; 537, 553, 554,
563, 565, 566, 567, 573, 574, 702
_glauca_, 424
_hirtella_, 262
_laevifolia_, 526, 528, 529, 547, 563, 564,
573, 574, 701, 706
_lamarckiana_, 17, 262, 262, 522, 523, 527,
528, 529,, 533, 574, 575, 586, 690, 699
pollination of, 524
_lata_, 540, 541, 542, 549, 550, 551, 552,
555, 559, 563, 566, 573, 574, 702
_leptocarpa_, 540
_muricata_, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263,
264, 513, 575, 690
pollination of, 524
_nanella_, 526, 531, 549, 50, 551, 552, 555,
563, 564, 565, 566, 703
_oblonga_, 537, 538, 552, 555, 563, 565, 566,
572
_rubrinervis_, 533, 534, 536, 537, 550, 551,
552, 555, 563, 565, 568, 573, 574
_scintillans_, 540, 543, 553, 555, 563, 566,
573, 574
mutability of, 544
_semilata_, 540
_suaveolens_, 521
_Oleander_, 684
_Onagra_, 262, 708, 709
Onions, wild, 684
_Ononis repens_, 577
Orange, 90, 133, 134
Orchids, 631
Origin of species (Darwin), 109
_Orobanche_, 220
_Othonna crassifolia_, 442
Otin, 618
Oviedo, 89

P

_Paeonia corallina leiocarpa_, 126
Paillat, 618
Pangenes, 306
Pangenesis, 306, 689
_Panicum_, 105
Pansies, 640
Pansy, 118, 121
_Papaver alpinum_, 139
_bracteatum_, 661
_bracteatum monopetalum_, 661
_commutatum_, 357
_dubium glabrum_, 126
hybridism, 662
_somniferum Danebrog, 162
_somniferum monstruosum_, 371
_somniferum polycephalum_, Parris, 754
Parsley
crisped, 158, 181
Parsnip, water, 457
Pea-family, 344
Peach, 138, 226, 240
Peach-almond, 769
Pears, 79, 90, 134, 147, 152, 203, 283
Pearson, Karl, 716
Peas, sugar, 135, 158
_Pedicularis_, 410
_palustris_, 410
Pedigree-culture, 109
experimental, 547
_Pelargonium_, 272, 355
Peloria, definition of, 164
Peloric toad-flax
first record of, 466
origin of, 459, 464, 472
sterility of, 467
Pelorism
_Antirrhinum majus_ (see snapdragon)
_Digitalis purpurea_, 482
_Gloxinia_, 484, 485
labiates, 486
_Laburnum_, 485
_Lamium_, 486.
_Linaria_, see Toad-flax
_Linaria dalmatica_, 482
_Linaria vulgaris_, 464
orchids, 479, 486, 487
_Salvia_, 486
_Scrophularia nodosa_, 486
snapdragon, 481
toad-flax, 459-487
_Tropaeolum majus_, 485
_Uropedium Lindenii_, 487
wild sage, 486
_Peltaria alliacea_, 663
Pennywort, marsh, 668
Penzig, 638
Periodicity, law of, 365, 368, 721, 722
Periods, mutative, 706, 708
Periwinkles, 322
Persicaria, water, 433, 434, 435, 643
Petalomany, 330
Petunia, 491, 626
_Phacelia_, 420, 422, 820
_Phaseolus lunatus_, 592
_multiflorus_, 202
_nanus_, 202
_Phleum alpinum_, 696
_Phlox_, 232
_drummondi_, 161
_Phyllonoma ruscifolia_, 676
Physiologic units, 144, 153, 249
_Picris hieraoioides_, 411
Pimpernel, scarlet, 162
Pinacothec, Munich, 164
Pine, 368, 804
Pine-apples, 90, 134
Pinks, 178
_Pinus sylvestris_, 368
Pistillody in poppies, 369, 370, 372
Pitcher-plants, 671
Plankton, 711
_Plantago_, 53
lanceolata_, 520, 671, 684
Plantain, 684
Plater, 610
Plum, 79, 134, 789
beach, 58
Japanese, 58
purple-leaved, 619
_Plusia_, 204
_Poa alpina vivipara_, 684
_Podocarpus koraiana_, 169
_Polemonium coeruleum_, 282
_coeruleum album_, 200
_dissectum_, 161, 202
_Polygala_, 242
_Polygonum amphibium_, 432
var. _natans_ Moench, 433, 434
var. _terrestris_ Wench, 433, 434
_Convolvulus_, 419, 424
_viviparum_, 684
Polymorphy, 188
Pomegranate, 90
Pond-lily, yellow, 268
Poplar, fastigiate, 623, 624
Italian, 623
_Populus italica_, 622
_nigra_, 624
Poppy, 146, 151, 152, 163, 165, 241, 356, 640,
723
"Danebrog," 283, 291
garden, 661
"Mephisto," 283, 291
opium, 89, 189, 195, 198, 282, 291, 369,
371, 373, 379, 383, 391, 405, 406, 420, 452,
720, 789
pistillody in, 369
pistilloid, 508
polycephalous, 405
Potatoes, 765, 810
_Potentilla Tormentilla_, 52
Pre-Linnean attitude, 2
Primrose, 268, 372, 410
evening (see evening-primrose).
_Primula acaulis_, 52, 632
_elatior_, 52, 633, 635
_grandiflora_, 268
_imperialis_, 697
_japonica_, 410
_officinalis_, 52, 268, 633, 635
_variabilis_, 268
_veris_, 52, 633, 634
Prodromus (De Candolle) 370
Progression, 430, 705, 774, 775, 777, 779, 805
in evolution, 630
Propagation
asexual, 745, 751, 766, 767, 770, 774, 777
sexual, 745, 777
vegetative (see asexual)
Proskowetz, Em. von, 70
Prototype
definition of, 170
_Prunus_, 52
_cerasifera_, 619
_Mahaleb_, 617
_nana_, 612
_maritima_, 59
_Padus_, 617
_Pissardi_, 619
variation in, 56
_Pyrethrum roseum_, 511
_Pyrola_, 222, 661

Q

Quartile, 736, 737, 767 _Quercus pedunculata fastigata_, 596 Quetelet's law, 463, 716, 717, 725, 730, 734, 738, 748, 753, 759, 767, 775, 779, 780, 806

R

Races, inconstancy of improved, 770-797 Raciborsky, 682 Radishes, 325, 806 Ragwort, tansy, 157 Raisins, 134 Rameses, 697 _Ranunculus_, 331 _acris_, 331 _arvensis_, 282 _arvensis inermis_, 125 _asiaticus_, ,241 _bulbosus_, 357, 410, 740 Ra-n-Woser, King, 104 _Raphanus Raphanistrum_, 202, 424,520 _caudatus_, 202 Rasor, John, 588, 589 Raspberry, 268, 768 "Phenomenal," 268 "Primus," 269 Siberian, 269 Ratzeburg, 467 Raunkiaer on variation in _Taraxacum_, 60 Recessive character, 280 Sports, 191, 715, 689 bud, 427

S

Sprenger, 610, 611 Stability, 155 Stahl, 611 _Stellaria Holostea apetala_, 585 Stocks, 146, 322, 328, 329, 332, 334, 336, 338, 432 Stock "Brompton," 329 chamois-colored, 198 "Queen," 324 white, 160 Stork's-bill, white hemlock, 161 Strasburger, 196, 448 Strawberry, 158, 266, 342 "Gaillon," 135 "Giant of Zuidwijk," 614 one-leaved, 164, 596, 666 white, 158, 165 Striped flowers, 309, 374, 431, 606, 607 races, types of, 328 Struggle for life, 674, 571, 682, 702, 799, 803, 824, 825 St. Johnswort, 725 St. Sebastian, 164 Sub-species (see also Elementary species), 224, 225 Sugar-beets (see Beets, sugar) Sugar-cane, 731, 752 "Black Manilla," 753 "Cheribon," 753, 755, 756 "Chunnic," 753 "Hawaii," 755, 756 seeds of, 754 "White Manilla," 752 Sundew, 268 Sunflower, 410, 425, 820 Sweet-flag, 222 Sweet-pea, 160, 776 Sweet William, 163, 282, 322, 648 twisted variety, 408, 648 Syncotyls, 417, 424 _Syringa vulgaris axurea plena_, 763 Systematic species, 12, 64, 101, 128 nature of, 54, 62 Systematic units, 61, 91

T

_Tagetes africana_, 510 _signata_, 612 "Talavera de Bellevue," 97 _Tanacetum vulgare_, 131, 132, 236 Tansy, 131, 132, 236 _Taraxacum_, 125, 126 officinale, 59, 411 _Tares_, 105 _Taxus_, 136 _baccata_, 169 _baccata fastigiata_, 170, 618 _minor_, 169 Teasels, 402, 642, 645, 674, 675 twisted, 405, 412, 446, 447, 643, 646, 647, 648, 819 _Tetragonia expansa_, 162 Theatre d'Agriculture, 72 Thibault, 618 Thomson, Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord) Thorn-apples, 139, 142, 143, 145, 238, 283, 300, 452 thornless, 234 Thorn-broom, 457 _Thrincia hirta_, 411 Thuret, 38, 47, 49 Thyme, white creeping, 201 _Thymus Serphyllum album_, 201 _vulgaris_, 577 _Tilia parvifolia_, 355, 669 Toad-flax, 267, 282, 707 cross pollination of, 471 experiment with, described, 468 invisible dimorphous state of, 470, 471, 478 latent tendency to mutation in, 479 peloric, see Peloric toad flax sterility of mutants, 477 unusual pelorism, 486 Tomato, 653 "Acme," 656, 657 "Mikado," 654 mutation of, 655 upright, 654 "Washington," 657 Tournefort author of genera, 32 Tracy, W.W. 592 Trees, genealogic, 707, 708 Tricotyls, 416, 419, 420 _Trifolium incarnatum_, 352 _Triticum dicoccum_, 105 _Tropaeolum_, 193, 668 _majus_, pelorism of, 485 "True Exercises with Plants" (hunting), 490 Tulips, 149, 178, 274, 322 black, 620 Turnip, 244, 621 Twisted stems, 402, 403, 405, 413 Twisted varieties atavists of, 406

U

_Ulex europaeus_, 140, 217 _Ulmus pedunculata_, 615 _pedunculata urticaefolia_, 615 Umbellifers, 457 _Umbilicus_, 669 Unger, 105 Unit-characters, 249, 261, 306, 307, 313, 658, 689, 715, 716 Urban, 265 _Uropedium lindenii_, 487 Utility, 685, 724 Utricularia, 672

V

_Vaccinium Myrtillus_, 577
Valerian, 402, 409, 648
twisted, 403
_Valeriana officinalis_, 402
_Vallisneria_, 684.
Van den Berg, 625
Van de Water, 614
Van Mons, 76, 77, 78, 806
Variability (see also Fluctuation ), 188, 190, 191
analogous, 244
apple, 75
asexual, 320
correlative, 142, 143, 148, 167
cultivated plants, 66
embryonic, 770, 771, 814
ever-recurring, 190
fluctuating (see also individual), 62, 142,
190, 233, 375, 416, 454, 698, 759, 762, 765,
766, 767, 770, 771, 789, 805, 814
fluctuating vs. mutability 569
homologous, 244
individual (see also fluctuating), 190, 716,
718, 746, 749, 770, 814
influence of mutation on, 335
kinds of, 715
nutrition and, 390, 391, 719, 771
parallel, 243
partial, 440, 444, 718, 746, 748, 753, 814,
816
repeated, 242
restricted, 598
sectional, 317
sexual, 320
sources of, 758
Variation
bud, 176, 178, 180, 284, 317, 318, 321, 338,
427, 750
definition of, 188
partial, 788, 789
seed, 750
spontaneous, 191
use of term, 189
Variegation, 426, 427
Varietal marks, origin of, 275
Varieties, 84, 95, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 142
broom-like, 618, 624
constancy of, 532
constant, 135
crosses of species with, 247, 277, 278, 281
elementary species vs. 459
ever-sporting, 178, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,
321, 324, 328, 329, 332, 333, 334, 350, 358,
365, 368, 372, 399, 413, 420, 430, 431, 432,
434, 445, 606, 607, 628, 740, 789, 790, 795
fasciated (see Fasciated stems).
groups of, 606
horticultural, 607, 609
hybrid, 122, 190, 608
hybrids of, 210, 254, 255
inconstant, 135, 154; 155, 161
mutation of, 141
negative (retrogressive), 131, 132, 134, 224,
226, 238, 245, 277
positive, 131, 132, 134, 224, 238, 245
pure, 122, 190
retrograde, 14, 15, 16, 95, 121, 208, 430,
435, 606, 607
retrogressive (see negative).
seed, 122
single, 191
spontaneous crosses, 209
sporting (see inconstant)
stability of, 207
sterile, 622
types of, 142
variable, 606
vegetative, 122
weeping, 617
Variety, 130
definition of, 11, 12
elementary species vs. 141, 152, 154, 224,
243, 247, 251
origin of, 141, 152, 224
use of term, 189, 435
Variety-testing, 95, 97, 116, 119, 743, 799, 825
Varro, 106
Veitch & Sons, 272
Venus' looking-glass, 367
Verlot, 186, 612
Vernon, 132
_Vernonia cinerea_, 450
_Veronica longifolia_, 282, 284
_scutellata_, 139
_spicata nitens_, 126
_Viburnum Opulus_, 134, 239
Vicinism, 185, 188, 203, 205, 206, 213, 214, 776
definition of, 188, 192, 606
Vicinist, 199, 201
_Vicoa aurioulata_, 450
_Victoria regia_, 668
Villars
on _Draba verna_, 49
Vilmorin, 570, 607, 612, 622, 661, 662, 773, 775,
776; 792, 795, 796, 797, 806, 807, 810, 813,
818, 820
Vilmorin, Louis de, 72, 92, 93, 97, 108, 109, 110,
114, 185, 818
Vilmorin, Messrs., 322
_Vinca_, 242, 490
_minor_, 322
Vine, parsley-leaved, 179
_Viola_, 126, 546, 547, 692
_agrestis_, 45
_alpestris_, 40
_altaica_, 39
_anopetala_, 44
_arvensis_, 39, 40, 41, 44
_curtisepala_, 45
_striolata_, 45
_aurobadia_, 44
_caloarata_, 39
_cornuta_, 39, 281
_lutea_, 38
_lutescens_, 44
_nemausensis_, 45
_ornatissima_, 44
_palescens_, 45
_patens_, 45
_roseola_, 44
_segetatis_, 45
_stenochila_, 41
_tricolor_, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46
_ammotropha_, 41
_coniophila_, 41
_genuina_, 42
_versicolor_, 42
Violets, 63, 232, 233, 490
Violet, dame's, 322, 323, 411
long-spurred, 281
Virgil, 105, 106, 108
_Viscaria oculata_, 4, 648, 821
twisted variety, 408
_Vitis_, 52
Volckamer, 228
Von Lochow, 821, 822, 822
Von Rumker, 94
Von Wettstein, 448, 805
Vrolik, 164, 483

W

"Waare Oeffeninge der Planten" (Munting), 490 Wallace, 5, 7, 8, 30, 205 Wall-flower, 370, 371 Walnut, 243, 766 cut-leaved, 616 one-bladed, 666 Water-lilies, 668 Weber, 228 Weeping-willow, 180 crisped, 181 Weigelias, 740 _Wellingtonia_, 618 Wheat, 96, 98, 105, 113, 119, 283, 810, 823 bearded, 98 "Blue-stem," 117 "Galland," 100, 207 "Hopetown," 112, 112 "Hunter's," 111, 112 "Minnesota No. 169," 117 "Mungoswell's," 110, 111 "Pedigree," 109 "Pringle's," 114 "Rivett's bearded," 207 "Sheriff's bearded red," 114 "Sheriff's bearded white," 114 "White Hunter's," 112 Wheat-ear carnation, 227 White, C.A., 656, 657 White varieties, 577 Whitlow-grasses, 63, 118, 119 Whorls, ternate, 684 Wild sage (see Salvia) Willdenow, 468, 666, 667 Williamson, 491 Willows, 135, 267 Willow weeping (see Weeping-Willow) Willow-herb, 268, 269, 682 Wintercress, 427 Wintergreen, 661 Wittmack, 682 Wittrock, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 Wooton, E.O., 140 Wormseed, 638

X

_Xanthium canadense_, 140
_commune_, 140, 152, 591
_commune Wootoni_, 22
Wootoni, 140, 152, 591

Y

Yarrow, 131, 132 Yew, 136, 169 pyramidal, 618

Z

_Zea Mays cryptosperma_, 641 _tunicata_, 641 _Zinnia_, 490 Zioberg, 466 Zocher & Co., 230