Chapter XII: Miscellaneous Application of Steam-Power (3)

Clark, Edwin, and floating docks, 363

Clark and Standfield and floating docks, 355, 361

Cleopatra’s Needle, 341

Clippers, Yankee wooden, 194

Clyde, Bell’s steamboat on the, 62; first Cunarders built on the,
151; first steamer on the, 28; steamers on the, in 1818, 76. _See
also_ Glasgow

Clyde ferries, 366

Clyde to Liverpool, first passenger-steamer, 95

Coach fare, Scotland to London, 85

Coal at Suez, 166

Coal consumption, 229; of turbines, 309; in early voyages across
Atlantic, 142

Coal, difficulty of carrying, for long voyages, 169

Coalfields, Midland, 213

Coaling for steamers, 256

Coastal steam-ship service, development of, 80; British, 71

Coasting trade of the United Kingdom in 1822-39, 76, 77

Cochrane, Hon. William E., 127, 129

Cockerill (Belgian firm), 321

“Coffin brigs,” 149

Colden, Cadwallader D., on Robert Fulton, 26

Coles, Capt., and cupola vessels, 330; tripod masts, 332; drowned, 334

Collier belt conveyors, 349

Colliers, screw, 214

Collier, steam, with a screw, first, 213

Collingwood Shipbuilding Co., Ontario, 55

Collins, Mrs., and children drowned, 160

Collins, Mr. K. Edward, New York, 155

Collins Line, 153, 155 _et seq._; construction of ships, 158; secures
premier position, 159; extravagances and losses, 159; subsidy reduced
and line ceased, 161; service, 240

Collisions, intentional, 53

Colon, service to, 191

Commercial Steam Packet Co., 111

Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo, 299

Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, 267

Compañia de Vapores Correos Interinsulares Canarios, 299

Confederate States of America, steamers, 90, 98, 174; commissioners,
262

Connecticut River, Morey’s steamboat on, 24

Continental passenger traffic, 105

Cootes, Mr., Walker-on-Tyne, 211, 213

Cork Steamship Co., 97, 139

Corrugated steam-ship, 349

Craggs, R., & Sons, Ltd., 348, 349

Cramp, Messrs., Philadelphia, 256, 291, 340

Crimean War, 98; iron vessel in the, 316; and shipbuilding yards,
319; floating batteries, 312, 320; P. & O. steamers employed, 180;
steam-ships in the, 312; transports, 183, 239, 262

Cruisers, armed mercantile, 287, 291

Cunard Line, 281-287; first Cunarder based on Manx steamer, 87;
beginnings, 150; sizes, &c. of first steamers, 151; increase of
business, 152; builds iron ships, 153; rivalry with Inman Line,
240; first iron steamer, 243; last paddle-steamer, 246; adopt
screw-steamers, 246

Cunard, Mr. Samuel, 134, 149

Curling, Young & Co., Messrs., 138, 146, 187

Curtis turbines, 338

Cutters in Channel Islands service, 109

Cutwaters, straight, 158

Dalswinton, 58

Davey, Mr. W. J., 299

Dawson’s steamer, London-Gravesend, 70

Day Line, 49, 51

Day, Summers & Co., 114

Decks for passengers, 42

Delaware River, early steamboats on the, 25, 29

Dempster, John, 299

Denny Bros., Dumbarton, ships by, 96, 105, 281, 310

Dent & Co., 203

Destroyers, 336

Dewey floating dock, 362

Dicey, Capt., 377

Dickenson, Robert, and iron ships, 195

Dieppe-Honfleur route, 108

Displacement, theory of, 30, 193

Ditchburn and Mare, Blackwall, ships by, 233, 234, 260, 313, 371, 372

Dixon, Sir Raylton, & Co., Ltd., 346

Docks, dry, difficulties of, 353; floating, 352-363

Dod, Daniel, 123

Dodd, Capt., of the _Thames_, 67

Dominion Line, 243, 288

Donaldson Line, 255

Dover-Calais service, 72, 105; designs to prevent sea-sickness,
377-379; race, paddle _v._ screw, 259; proposed railway ferry, 366

Doxford, Messrs., and the rolling of ships’ plates, 345; and shifting
cargo in bulk, 346, 351

Dramatic Line, 155

Dublin and Liverpool Steam Navigation Co., 73, 74

Dublin and London Steam Packet Co., 176

Dublin, City of, Steam Packet Co., 72, 74, 89; service to London, 97;
Irish mail service, 102-104; and transatlantic service, 144

Dublin-London service, 97

Dublin-Wexford service, 98

Duck-foot paddles, 7, 27, 207

Dudgeon, Messrs. J. & W., ships and engines by, 108, 184, 186, 234,
264, 265, 322; expansion engines and screw propellers, 256; first
apply twin-screws, 325

Duncan, R. (shipbuilder), 151

Dundas, Lord, 28, 57, 59

Dundee, Perth, and London Shipping Co., 87

Dundonald, Lord, 127, 129

Dundrum Bay, _Great Britain_ ashore, 225

Dupuy de Lome, M., 320

Durham, Capt., 264

Dutch steamers, 76

Dynamite gun, 339

East, communication between England and the, 164

East India Co. and steamers to India, 166; inefficiency of service,
176; services, 180, 181; iron ships for, 317

East Indiamen with auxiliary steam, 167

Eastern Archipelago Co., 235

Eastern Navigation Co., and the _Great Eastern_, 270 _et seq._

Eckford, Henry, naval architect, 42

Edinburgh and Leith Shipping Co., 84

Edinburgh-London service, 81; by sea, 84

Edward VII., yachts of, 371

Egyptian royal yachts (Khedive’s), 372, 374

Elbing-Schichau Works, 303

Elder, Alexander, 299

Elder, Dempster & Co., 262, 298, 299

Elder, John, 229

Elder, John, & Co., Govan, 108, 109, 249, 250, 251, 282, 306

Electric lighting on steamers, 242; incandescent lamps, 281

Ellerman Line, 291

Ellice, Mr. Edward, and Chilian independence, 128

Emigrant traffic to America, 238

Engines: compound, 185, 187, 261; of earliest boats, 199 _et seq._;
gas vacuum, 211; Ogden’s, 219; multiple-expansion, 229, 256, 306;
reciprocating, 286; triple-expansion, 296; high-pressure, 306;
turbine, 307; reciprocating and turbine, 310; hot-air, 384; piston
engine development, 387

English Channel Steamship Co., 377

English river steamers, construction of, 46

Ericsson, John, hot-air engines, 384; screw propellers, 170, 215, 218

Ericsson Shipping Co., 349

Ericsson’s _Monitor_, 329

“Etoile” engine, 210

European and Australian Steam Navigation Co., 184, 185

Excursions in early steamboats, 43

Exhibition of 1851, extra traffic from, 107

Fairfield Co., Govan, 96, 109, 301

Fall River Line, 46, 47

Falmouth-Mediterranean service, 176

Fares, passenger, under competition, 74

Faron, Mr., 158

Farragut, Admiral, 175

Fauber (American engineer) and hydroplane, 386

Fawcett & Preston, engines by, 144, 148, 177

Ferguson, Mr. John, 206

Ferry steamers for railway trains, 363-366

Ficket, Francis (Ficket and Crocker), 123

Finland ice-breaker, 369

Fishbourne, Admiral, 316

Fishguard-Rosslare service, 116

Fitch, John, as inventor of steamboats, 21; his ideas taken by
Fulton, 23, 24

Fleetwood-Dublin service, 102

Fletcher, W. & A., Co., Hoboken, 51

Floating docks, 352-363

Folkstone-Boulogne service, 106

Forbes, Mr. R. B., Boston, 170

Ford’s (Edward) patent of 1646, 8

Forenade Line of Copenhagen, 117

Fortanini hydroplan, 385

Forth and Clyde Canal, 57, 59

Forwood Line, 300

France-England, first steamer communication between, 72

Franco-German War, 115

Franklin, Benjamin, 21

Freeman, Mr., of Chipping Campden, 13

French Government, experiments in warships, 338; and Crimean War
transports, 240

French steamers entering British ports, 76

French Transatlantic Co., 115

Fulton, Robert, as inventor of steamboats, 19; and drawings of
John Fitch, 23, 24; financed by Livingston, 25; his career, 25;
experiments with submarines, 26; corresponds with Lord Stanhope,
27; steamboat experiments, 28; relations with Symington, 28; the
_Clermont_, 30; list of his steamboats, 35; relations with Bell &
Miller, 61

Funnels, four, 92; masts used as, 212, 218

Fyfe, William, of Fairlie, 66

Galley, Illyrian, propelled by oxen, 6

Galway-America service, 98; to Portland, Maine, 162; to Newfoundland,
route, 162

Galway Line to America, 161-163

Gas-lighting experiment, 253

Gas-machinery propulsion, 340

General Iron Screw-Collier Co., 233

General Screw Shipping Co., 233

General Steam Navigation Co., 81-83; joint service with G.E.R., 117

Genevois (J. A.) propellers (1759), 8

German Emperor’s yacht, 371

German Navy, 303

German shipbuilding, 302; State-developed, 303

Germania shipbuilding establishment, 303

Germanischer Lloyd, 302

Germany as a Naval Power, 339

Gibbs, Antony, & Sons, 227

Gibbs, Bright & Co., 226

Glasgow ferries, 366

Glasgow-Inverness service, 100

Glasgow-Ireland service, 100

Glasgow-Liverpool service, 100. _See also_ Clyde

Glasgow, transatlantic service from, 237

Glasgow and Dublin Screw Steam Packet Co., 101

Glasgow and New York Steamship Co., 240

Gordon & Co., Deptford, 165

Goudie, James, 134

Graham, Osbourne, & Co., 349

Grand Trunk Railway, 255

Gray, Wm., & Co., Ltd., West Hartlepool, 347

Gray’s (McFarlane) steam steering gear, 241

Grayson & Leadley, Liverpool, 73

Great Central Railway Co.’s steamers, 118

Great Eastern Railway Co.’s steamers, 116-118

Great Western Railway Co.’s service to the Channel Islands, 112;
other services, 116

Great Western Steamship Co. formed, 138; and American mails, 150; and
ocean screw steamer, 220

Green, F., & Co., 294

Green, R. & H., & Co., 167, 234, 295, 373

Griffiths, John Wm., 339

Griffith’s propeller, 245

Grimsby-Continent service, 118

Guion, Mr. S. B., founds the Guion Line, 247; progress of the line,
248-251; death of Mr. Guion and line dissolved, 251

Gurley Bros., 108

Hamburg floating dock, 362

Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 267, 302, 305-306

Hamburg Reiherstieg Shipbuilding Works, 302, 303

Hamilton, William, & Co., Ltd., Port Glasgow, 348

Harland & Wolff, ships built by, 252, 289, 293, 297, 305

Harnden & Co., Boston, 155

Harroway and Dixon cantilever framed steamers, 346

Harwich-Antwerp service, 117

Harwich-Esbjerg service, 117

Harwich-Hook of Holland service, 117

Harwich-Rotterdam service, 117

Havana floating dock, 353

Hawthorn, engine by, 212

Hendersons of Glasgow, 264

Hepworth, Mr. John, 382

Hero of Alexandria and steam, 9

Heysham Harbour, 121

Heysham-Isle of Man service, 121

Hodgson, James, Liverpool, on cost of iron ships, 230; introduces
tubular iron vessels, 235

Hogg & Co., New York, 172

Hogging and sagging, 46, 194, 268

Hogging frame, Stevens’, 46, 194

Hollar’s submarine (1653), 375

Holyhead-Dublin service, 72, 103, 110

Holyhead-Greenore service, 120

Holyhead-Kingstown service, 204

Hong-Kong-Sans Francisco, White Star service, 243

Hong-Kong-Shanghai service, 203

Hook of Holland, 117

Horseley & Co., Tipton, 110

Horseley Iron Works, 195

Hough, Samuel, & Co., 100

Howden’s forced draught, 366

Howell’s “homogeneous metal,” 279

Huddart, Parker & Co. Proprietary, Ltd., 97

Hudson River steamboats, 25, 29, 30, 47; screw boats, 207

Hudson River Day Line, 49

Hulls, double, 270, 347, 375; triple, 388

Hulls, Jonathan, as inventor of the steamboat, 12

Humber, Continental service from the, 118

Hunt, Seth, of Louisiana, 45

Hydraulic propulsion, 321-325

Hydrocurve, 385

Hydroplan, 385

Hydroplane, 386

Iceberg, Guion liner’s escape from, 250

Ice-breaking steamers, 367-371

Imperial Direct West India Mail service, 299

India, first steamer built in, 202; steam communication with, 164;
Government subsidy, 164; purchase vessel, 165; mails to, 176, 177;
traffic to, 184

Indian Mutiny, P. & O. steamers employed owing to, 180

Indian rivers, navigation of, 205

Indus, the, steamers on, 202

Inglis, A. & J., Glasgow, ships built by, 86, 184, 185, 206, 374

Inman and International Line, 290-291

Inman Line, 237-243; rivalry with Cunard Line, 240; absorbed by
American Line, 256

Inman, Mr. William, 237, 243

Intercolonial Railway, Canada, 255

International Navigation Co. acquires Inman steamers, 243

Ireland, early iron ships in, 196

Ireland-England, first steam communication, 71

“Irish Brigade,” 262

Irish cross-Channel service rivalry, 74

Irish mail, &c., traffic, 102, 119

Iron barge, experimental, 195

Ironclads, advent of, 320; without masts, 333

Iron ships: first on Long Island Sound, 47; first cross-Channel, 75;
introduction of screw propellers, 97; introduction of iron, 191;
length of, 194; suitability, 193; saving in weight, 194; proposal to
build iron ships decided, 195; first vessel for commercial purposes,
195; first iron steamer, 195; growth of iron shipbuilding, 196 _et
seq._; strange vessels, 211; developments, 230; cost of iron ships,
230; tubular type, 235; first Cunarder, 243; Admiralty’s conservatism
against iron, 316

Isherwood system of construction, 348

Isle of Man, Liverpool, and Manchester Co., 96

Isle of Man Steam Packet Co., 87-94. _See also_ Man, Isle of

Ismay, Mr. T. H., 251

Ismay, Imrie & Co., 296

Jackson, Mr. W., 132

Jamaica fruit trade, 299

Jamson, Dougal, and the steamboat, story of, 62

Japanese engineers, story of, 203

Japanese submarines, 301

Japanese warship building, 339

Jersey fisheries guardship, 110

Jersey-France service, 112

Jesuit Fathers of Peking, “Memoires” of, 4

Johnston, Lieut., 164

Jointed Ship Co., 380

Jones, Sir Alfred L., 298, 299

Jones, Dr. P., and single screw, 209

Jordan, J., & Co., engines by, 248

Jouffroy d’Abbans, Marquis de, 15

Kiel naval harbour, 303

Kier, Mr., engineer, 130

Kirk, Dr. Alexander, and triple-expansion engines, 296, 306

Kirkaldy, David, drawings by, 243; and hardening of steel, 279

Klawitter, Dantzic, 303

Laird, Messrs., Birkenhead, ships built by, 75, 119, 262, 279, 316,
317, 332, 334

Laird, Alex., & Co., Messrs., 100

Laird, John, of Birkenhead, and iron shipbuilding, 196

Laird, Mr. Macgregor, 138, 261

Lake steamers, American, 51

Lange, Johann, shipyard, 302

Langley, Messrs. C., Deptford, 373

Langtry Co., of Belfast, 74

Lardner, Dr., and transatlantic steam navigation, 137

Launch, Indian custom at, 202

Law, George, and American mails, 188

Leith and Berwick Co., 84

Lever, Mr., of Manchester, 162

“Leviathans,” 270

Life-boats as paddle-boxes, 79

Life-buoys, belts, &c., 78

Lighting of ships, 253

Lindsay’s boiler-scaling apparatus, 203

Little, James, & Co., Messrs., 95-97

Littlehampton, 108

Liverpool and tugboats, 341; first iron screw steamer from, 235; dock
to accommodate American liners, 157; steam-ship companies, 77

Liverpool, voyage of the _Elizabeth_ to, from Glasgow, 64

Liverpool-Bristol service, 100

Liverpool-Dublin mail service, 102

Liverpool-Isle of Man service, 87-94, 96

Liverpool-Kingstown service, 144

Liverpool-London service, 98, 99

Liverpool-New York service, 240

Liverpool-Philadelphia service, 240

Liverpool-Valparaiso service, 264

Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Co., 238

Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Steamship Co., 240

Livingston, Chancellor R., and Morey’s steamboats, 24; finances
Fulton, 25; experiments in steam propulsion, 208

Livingstone expedition, steel steamer for, 279

Livingston’s “Historical Account of the Application of Steam for the
Propelling of Boats,” 19

Lloyd’s, first steamer entered at, 100

Lodge-Muirhead wireless telegraphy, 121

London and tugboats, 341; shipbuilding, 233-234; City Corporation
employees and the Watermen’s Co., 80; County Council steamers, 367;
river steamboat service opened, 66

London, Glasgow to, first steamer, 66

London-Hamburg service, 117

London-Margate service, 70

London and Edinburgh Shipping Co., 83-85

London and Leith Shipping Co., 84

London and North-Western Railway Co.’s steamers, 119-121

London and South-Western Railway Co.’s steamers, 109-116; Manx boat
purchased from, 93

London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Co.’s steamers, 106-109

London, Leith, and Edinburgh Shipping Co., 74

Long Island Sound, First iron steamboat on, 47

Long Island Sound Line, 40

Longitudinal system of ship construction, 268, 348

Louis Philippe of France, escape of, 113

Louvre Museum, Kirkaldy’s designs in, 246

Lund, Mr. W., 297

Lungley, Mr., ship built by, 264

Lyttleton, Wm., 207

McDougall, Capt., 55

McGregor, Mr. John, and early Chinese paddle-wheels, 4

McGregor, Laird & Co., 196

MacIver, Mr. David, and Mr. S. Cunard, 150

McKean, McLarty, and Lament, 254

Mackenzie, William, master of the _Comet_, 63

McKinnon & Co., Glasgow, 181

MacLachlan, Archibald, 66

McQueen, Robert, 39, 52

Mahmoudieh Canal, 179

Mails, officer in charge of, to West Indies, 190

Mails to America, 149; to India, 176, 177; to Ireland, 102

Makaroff, Vice-Admiral, 367

Malcomson’s London and Dublin Line, 99

Malta floating dock, 363

Man, Isle of, first steamers at, 88; first built there, 89; history
of the Manx service, 87-94; Barrow service, 96

Manby, Mr., 195

Maples and Morris, Messrs., 106, 107

Mare’s Shipyard, Blackwall. _See_ Ditchburn and Mare

Marine engines. _See_ Engines

Marinsky Canal, 364

Maryland Steel Co., Baltimore, floating docks, 358, 362

Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft, 303

Mason, Mr., 262

Masts on steam-ships, 41; used as funnels, 212, 218; tripod, 332; on
warships, 338

Mastless steamers, 346

Maudslay, Sons & Field, founder of the firm, 70; engines by, 148,
201, 202, 233, 253, 319, 372; connection with the Royal Navy, 311;
yards of, 234

Maury, Lieut., 241

Mediterranean ports, 111

Mediterranean service, 267

Merchants’ Shipping Co., 47

Mersey ferries, 366

Messageries Maritimes de France, 267

Mexican Government and iron frigate, 316

Mexican War, 174

Middleton Yard, Hartlepool, 305

Midland Railway Co.’s steamers, 121

Milford-Rosslare service, 116

Millard and Kirby, Messrs., and Fulton’s _Clermont_, 50

Miller and Ravenhill, engines by, 187, 372

Miller, Patrick, 57, 58, 388

Mills, Mr. Edward, 154

Mississippi River steamers, 53; Fitch’s steamboat, 23; Fulton’s
steamboat, 32; _Moselle_ and _Oroonoko_ blown up, 53; intentional
collisions, 53

Mitchell, Mr. Charles, 212

Monaco, Prince of, yacht of, 373

“Monitors,” 334

Monroe, President, 123

Moore, Admiral Sir Grayham, 217

Moray, John, on James Rumsay as inventor of steamboats, 19

Morey, Samuel, invents a steamboat, 24

Morgan Combine, 228

Morisot’s “Orbis Maritimi,” 6

Morland, Sir S., 10

Motor-boats (hydroplane), 385; (hydrocurve), 385

Napier, Admiral Sir Charles, 195

Napier, David, and the boiler of the _Comet_, 63; and the shape of
bows of steamers, 71; provides engines, 72

Napier, Robert & Sons, engines by, 72, 88, 89, 147, 151, 157; and Mr.
S. Cunard, 149; present engine of the _Comet_ to South Kensington
Museum, 64; and David Kirkaldy, 243; and high-pressure boilers of
steel, 279

Napoleon III., yacht of, 373

National Line, 254

Naval Construction Co., Barrow, 99

Navy, Royal, steam-power and the, 311-340; last wooden battleship,
319; first twin-screw boat, 328; ironclads without masts, 333;
torpedo boats, 336; destroyers, 336; development, 336

Neilson, Walter N., 229

New England Ocean Steamship Co., 155

New York celebrates the arrival of early steamers, 141

New York-Aspinwall mails, 188

New York-Bremen service, 154

New York-Chagres line, 188

New York-Havana service, 189

New York-Liverpool, lines in 1850, 155

New York and Havre Steam Navigation Co., 154

New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N.J., 51

New Zealand Government subsidy, 185; service to, 298

New Zealand Shipping Co., 310

Newcomen and Savery, 11

Newfoundland Government and mails, 162

Newhaven-Dieppe service, 106

Newport News Shipbuilding, &c., Co., 340

Niger exploration, 280

Norddeutsche Werft, 303

Norddeutscher Lloyd, 267, 302, 303-305

Normand, A, Havre, 373

North Lancashire Railways, 102, 103

North Sea, 84

Northumberland Straits passenger service, 370

Oak, scarcity of, and use of iron for ships, 195

Ocean liner, express, modern type of, 252

Ocean Steam Navigation Co., 154

Oceanic Steam Navigation Co., 252

Ogden, Mr., American Consul, 219

Oil-tank steamers, 348, 351

Oldham’s revolving bars, 195

Orient Line, 264, 291, 294-296

Orient-Pacific Line, 295

Orient Royal Line, 295

Original Steam Packet Co., 72

Ostend-Dover service, 309

Oude, Rajah of, generosity of, 165

Ouseburn engine works, 306

Overcrowding passenger steamers, 79

“Overland Route” to India. _See_ Suez

Pacific coast of S. America trade, 187

Pacific and Australasian Co., 239

Pacific Mail Line, 188

Pacific Steam Navigation Co., 186, 187, 189, 191, 229, 263, 291, 294,
295

Paddle-wheels, evolution of, 1; motive-power, 1; animal-driven, 2;
early forms, 2, 4; early experiments, 10, 12; Jouffroy’s invention,
17; Morey’s inventions, 24; Roosevelt’s invention, 25; Patrick
Miller’s invention, 58; vertical, 25; disconnecting, 33; Seward’s
invention, 110; development in construction, 197-199; duck-foot
paddles, 207; elliptical, 208; horizontal centrifugal, 208;
superseded by screw, 191

Paddle _v._ screw races, 259; tests, 312

Paddle-boxes as lifeboats, 78

Palmer, Sir Charles, 214

Palmer Bros. & Co., ships built by, 114, 213, 247, 248; and rolled
armour plates, 385

Panama-Astoria service, 189

Panama-San Francisco mails, 188, 189

Panama, New Zealand, and Australian Royal Mail Co., 185

Panama Railway, 174, 187, 191, 262

Panama route, 187

Panciroli’s “_Rerum memorabilium_,” 6

Papal yacht, 372

Papin, Dr. Dennis, inventions of, 11

Paris Exhibition, 1878, traffic, 109

Parsee custom at launch, 202

Parsons, Hon. A. C., on turbines, 307

Parsons turbines, 118, 307, 338

Passengers carried by _Sirius_ across Atlantic, 141; first steamer
for passengers and cargo, 72

Patersen, Capt. Robert, 86

Paterson of Bristol, 141, 221

Paul, Capt. Fred, R.N., 113

Paulding, James Kirke, 339

Peacock, Capt. George, and mechanical swan yacht, 383

Pearse & Co., Stockton-on-Tees, 205

Penarth floating dock, 359

Peninsular and Oriental (P. & O.) Co., incorporated, 178; first
steamer to India, 179; transport over Suez isthmus, 179; services
to India and China, 180; subsidy for Indian mails, 180; Australian
service, 180; difficulties on opening of Suez Canal, 182; overland
route through Egypt closed, 182; ships, 260-261; increase of size
of ships, 291, 293; and Australian trade, 294; acquires Blue Anchor
Line, 297

Peninsular Steam Navigation Co., 176-178; becomes the P. & O. Co., 178

Penn, John, and Son, engines by, 226, 233, 260; oscillating engines,
201, 314; number of engines fitted by, 315; for the Crimean War, 319;
and screw bearings, 219

Périer’s fire pump, 16

Perkins’ tri-compound engines, 306

Peru, 189

Petroleum steamers, 351

Philadelphia Line, 43

Philippines, floating dock for, 362

Phillips, Sir Richard, 69

Pirrie, Lord, 298

Porter’s patent anchor, 223

Portsmouth-Ryde, 232

Potomac, early steamboats on the, 20

Powell (H. & Co.) Line, 99

Propeller, screw. _See_ Screws

Propelling vessels by recoil from cannon, 8; by animals, 2; by steam,
early experiments, 10-11; by pumping water, 12; by screws, 29. _See
also_ Paddle-wheels

Propelling without paddles, reward for, 210

Pyroscaphe, the, 15

Quebec and Halifax Steam Navigation Co., 134

Racing, Ocean, 247; steamboat, 53; paddle _v._ screw, 259

Railway companies and their steamships, 102-121

Railway trains, ferrying of, 363-366

Ramage and Ferguson, Ltd., Leith, 375

Rams, 329

Ramsay’s (David) patent boats (1618), 6

Ramus, Rev. C. M., and hydroplane, 386

Randolph, Charles, 229

Randolph, Elder & Co., 229

Rangoon wooden dock, 354

Rate wars, 74, 80, 94

Rateau turbines, 307

Red Cross Line, 231

Red Sea steamer service, 166; to the Mediterranean transport, 179

Red Star Line, 256

Refrigerators, 298

Registration of steamers, 77

Reid, Mr. E. J., designs _Koenig Wilhelm_, 333

Reid’s =[U]= bow, 332

Reiherstieg yard, Hamburg, 302, 303

Rennie, Capt. George, 183

Rennie’s “Aberdeen” Line, 183

Rennie, G. & J., engines by, 233, 313; and Ship Propeller Co., 216;
floating docks, 355, 363

Renwick, Dr. James, 29

Repairs to steam-ships, 300

Reversing machinery, 70

Richardson Bros. & Co., 238, 239

Rivalry between steam-ship companies, 73

Roberts, Lieut., _R.N._, 138, 145

Robertson, John, 62

Robertson, Robert, engineer, 63

Robinson and Russell, 232, 319

Roebuck, Dr., 86

Rogers, Capt., of the _Savannah_, 125

Rogers, Moses, pioneer steam navigator, 30, 123

Roosevelt, Nicholas J., invents paddle-boat, 25; associated with
Fulton, 42; experiments in steam propulsion, 208

Ropner & Sons, Ltd., 348

Rostock “Neptun” yard, 302

Rotterdam, railway round, 117

Rouss, Mr. W. P., yacht of, 374

Royal Academy, steam-ship designs exhibited at, 245

Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 185, 189-191, 262-263, 291, 295, 299-300

Royal Netherlands Steamship Co., 91

Royal yachts, 371-374

Rubic and Blaker, Northam, 110

Rudders, bow, 106; balanced for turbine vessels, 105; submerged, 290

Rumsay, James, as the inventor of the steamboat, 19

Rumsay Society, 21

Rupert, Prince Palatine, and boat propeller, 11

Rushen, Mr. P. C., on Jonathan Hulls’ invention, 14

Russell & Co., clipper built by, 173

Russell, Robinson & Co., 107

Russell, Mr. Scott, and the _Wave Queen_, 107; and wave-line
construction, 236, 316, 320; shipbuilding on the Thames, 204, 234;
designs _Victoria_, 263; and the _Great Eastern_, 268, 278

Russian Government ice-breaker, 367; Navy floating dock, 363; royal
yachts, 371, 373

Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 208, 321-325

“Sag,” 46, 194, 268

Sail power on liners, 158

Sailing clippers, American, fast passages of, 153

Sailing vessels, engines put into, 135, 136; vessel with steam as
auxiliary crosses Atlantic, 122; steam auxiliary to, 164-192

St. George Steam Packet Co., 72, 94, 97, 100, 101

St. Lawrence River ice-breaker, 369

Saloons above deck first fitted, 206; oscillating, 253

Samuda Bros., 204, 234

San Francisco Union Iron Works, 340

Saône, paddle-steamer on the (1783), 17

Sassnitz-Trelleborg railway ferry, 365

Sault Ste. Marie Canal, 52

Savery, Thomas, invention of, 11

Scarborough and Isaacs, Messrs., 122

Schlick balancing of engines, 120

Schultz turbines, 388

Scott, Capt., of _Rising Star_, 131

Scott, Mr. John, figure-head of, 318

Scott, Russell & Co., Millwall, 204

Scott, Sinclair & Co., Greenock, 318

Screw propellers, invention of 29; first Manx steamer to use, 92;
for sea-going steamers, 97; supersede paddle-wheels, 191; tried in
1802, 192; earliest attempts to apply, 206, 207; movement of vessels
with single screw, 209; twin-screws, 210; first ocean steamer with
twin-screws, 265; fantastic forms, 215; first sea-going vessel with
screw, 216; definitely adopted, 219; lifting propeller, 253; for long
voyages, 256; adopted for mail boats, 262; multiple screws, 310;
first vessel in the Royal Navy with, 313; removable screws, 318; twin
screws, 325; tests of twin screws, 326

Sea-sickness, steamers to prevent, 253, 377-379

Sea voyage, first British steamer to make a, 64

Seamen, pay of, in 1821, 132

Seaward and Capel, Limehouse, 169

Seaward, J., & Co., Millwall, 373

Seaward’s vibrating paddles, 110

Seine, first iron steamer on the, 195

Sewall & Co., 194

Sewell and Faron, 158

Shaw, Savill & Albion Co., 297

Shelter deck, 344

Ship Propeller Co., 216

Shipbuilding, German competition, 302. _See also_ Thames

Ships named:
_Aaron Manby_, 195
_Aberdeen_, 296, 307
_Achilles_, 315
_Aconcagua_, 264
_Active_, 311
_Ada_, 116
_Adelaide_, 269
_Adirondack_, 48, 170
_Admiral Moorsom_, 119
_Adriatic_, 161, 163, 253, 289
_Aetna_, 35
_Africa_, 153, 155
_African_, 176
_Agamemnon_, 315
_Aguila_, 112
_Ajax_, 315
_Alabama_, 175
_Alaska_, 172, 250
_Alberta_, 116
_Alecto_, 312
_Alexandra_ (L. & S.W.R.), 116
_Alexandra_ (L. & N.W.R.), 119
_Alexandra_ (Royal Yacht), 371
_Alice_, 115
_Alida_, 49
_Alliance_, 113, 114
_Alma_, 114, 116
_Amazon_, 300
_America_ (Cunard Co.), 152, 245, 286
_America_ (National Line), 254
_America_ (Yacht), 158
_American Turtle_, 376
_Amerika_, 305
_Amethyst_, 309, 335
_Anglia_, 104, 120
_Anglo-Saxon_, 255
_Annette_, 173
_Antarctic_, 157
_Antelope_, 235
_Antrim_, 121
_Apollo_, 110
_Aquila_, 107
_Arabia_, 153
_Arago_, 154
_Aragon_, 300
_Araguaya_, 300
_Arcadia_, 151
_Archimedes_, 216, 222
_Arctic_, 157-160
_Argyle_, 66
_Ariadne_, 110, 316
_Arizona_, 249
_Arkansas_, 340
_Armenia_, 51
_Arrogant_, H.M.S., 314
_Arundel_, 109
_Asia_, 153, 157
_Assiniboia_, 301
_Assyrian_, 316
_Astarte_, 255
_Asturias_, 300
_Atalanta_, 116, 110, 111, 166
_Athenia_, 255
_Athole_, 206
_Atlantic_, 156, 158
_Atrato_, 271
_Augusta_, 99
_Aurania_, 281
_Aurora_, 327
_Austral_, 295
_Australasian_, 296
_Avoca_, 99
_Avon_, 222, 300
_Ayrshire Lassie_, 106
_Balmoral Castle_, 292
_Baltic_, 157, 158, 181, 287, 288
_Bann_, 319
_Banshee_, 119
_Barbarossa_, 304
_Baron Osy_, 269
_Barracouta_, 175
_Basilisk_, 313
_Bay State_, 47
_Belfast_, 72
_Belgic_, 253
_Bélier_, 334
_Bellerophon_, 80, 315, 334
_Ben-my-Chree_, 89, 92, 93
_Berenice_, 166
_Bertha_, 116
_Bessemer_, 253, 379
_Birkenhead_, 317
_Black Eagle_, 314
_Black Prince_, 315
_Bogota_, 229
_Borussia_, 267, 305
_Bremen_, 267
_Brighton_, 109, 112
_Bristol_, 47, 337
_Britannia_, 151, 154
_Britannic_, 253
_British Queen_, 138, 145-147, 169, 216
_Brittany_, 109, 114, 115, 116
_Brune_, 319
_Buenos Ayrean_, 281
_Buffalo_, 35
_C. Vanderbilt_, 49
_C. W. Morse_, 48
_Calais_, 105
_Calais-Douvres_, 378
_Caledonia_, 64, 151
_California_, 188
_Callao_, 229
_Caloric_, 384
_Calvados_, 109
_Cambria_, 104
_Cambria_ (Cunard Co.), 151
_Cambria_ (L. & N.W.R.), 120
_Camden_, 35
_Camilla_, 110
_Campania_, 282, 287
_Canada_, 152, 245
_Canadian_, 254
_Cape of Good Hope_, 181
_Captain_, 334
_Car of Neptune_, 35, 36, 38, 44
_Carbon_, 235
_Carmania_, 282, 285, 309
_Caronia_, 282
_Carpathia_, 283
_Carron_, 79, 86, 176
_Cassandra_, 255
_Castalia_, 377
_Cedric_, 288
_Celtic_, 253, 288
_Cerberus_, 335, 376
_Chancellor Livingston_, 35, 42, 43
_Charles Wetmore_, 55
_Charleston_, 340
_Charlotte Dundas_, 28, 59, 135, 199
_Cherbourg_, 116
_Chicago_, 248
_Chili_, 187
_Chimborazo_, 264, 295
_China_, 246, 247, 293
_Cincinnati_, 305
_City of Baltimore_, 239
_City of Belfast_, 121
_City of Berlin_, 241, 242
_City of Bristol_, 242
_City of Brussels_, 241
_City of Chicago_, 243
_City of Cleveland_, 54
_City of Dublin_, 72
_City of Edinburgh_, 81
_City of Glasgow_, 96, 237
_City of Limerick_, 97
_City of Manchester_, 238
_City of New York_, 240, 256, 290
_City of Paris_, 241, 246, 256, 290
_City of Philadelphia_, 239
_City of Pittsburg_, 239
_City of Rome_, 242
_City of Washington_, 239
_Claremont_, 307
_Clermont_, 20, 29 _et seq._, 49, 135
_Cleveland_, 305
_Clyde_, 64
_Cobra_, 308
_Coffee Mill_, 66
_Collier_, 107
_Collingwood_, 55
_Colombia_, 176
_Colombo_, 181
_Colorado_, 248
_Columbia_, 114, 116, 151
_Columbus_, 288
_Comet_ (Bell’s), 62, 135
_Comet_ (Dawson’s), 70
_Comet_ (French Co.), 112
_Commerce_, 73
_Commonwealth_, 48
_Conde de Patmella_, 122
_Confiance_, 176
_Connector_, 379
_Connemara_, 120
_Coogee_, 96
_Copenhagen_, 118
_Cotopaxi_, 295
_Countess of Dublin_, 98
_Countess of Erne_, 119
_Countess of Strathmore_, 214
_Courier_, 113
_Craster Hall_, 348
_Crœsus_, 233
_Cuckoo_, H.M.S., 110
_Culloden_, 106
_Curaçoa_, 133
_Cuzco_, 264, 295
_Cyclops_, 316
_Cygnus_, 112
_Cymba_, 99
_Dakota_, 248
_Damascus_, 296
_Dane_, 183
_Daniel Drew_, 51
_Dantzig_, 319
_Dasher_, H.M.S., 110
_De Witt Clinton_, 45, 46
_Dee_, 262
_Defiance_, 69
_Delaware_, 340
_Delcomyn_, 297
_Delta_, 260
_Demologos_, 35
_Destroyer_, 339
_Deutschland_, 305
_Devastation_, 333
_Devonshire_, 97
_Diana_, 115
_Dieppe_, 107, 109
_Dispatch_, 113
_Dominion_, H.M.S., 358
_Doncaster_, 207
_Donegal_, 121
_Dora_, 93
_Douglas_, 90, 93
_Douro_, 263
_Dover_, 105, 317
_Dreadnought_, 309, 315, 335
_Drottning Victoria_, 365
_Duchess of Albany_, 116
_Duchess of Buccleuch_, 96
_Duchess of Connaught_, 116
_Duchess of Devonshire_, 96, 121
_Duchess of Edinburgh_, 116
_Duchess of Fife_, 116
_Duchess of Kent_, 116
_Duchess of Sutherland_, 119
_Duchess of York_, 106
_Duke of Cornwall_, 97
_Duke of Sutherland_, 119
_Duke of Wellington_, 272
_Dumbarton Castle_, 70
_Dumfries_, 113
_Duncannon_, 75
_Dundee_, 87
_Dwarf_, 313
_Eagle_, 376
_Earl Grey_, 370
_Earl of Hardwicke_, 167
_Earl of Liverpool_, 82
_Earl Spencer_, 120
_Echo_, 176
_Echunga_, 347
_Eclipse_, 54
_Eden_, 309, 335
_Edinburgh_, 240
_Edith_, 119, 172, 328
_Egypt_, 293
_Eleanor_, 120
_Elizabeth_, 64
_Ella_, 115, 116
_Ellan Vannin_, 91
_Empire_, 48
_Empire of Troy_, 48
_Empress_, 105
_Empress of Russia_, 35
_Empress Queen_, 93
_Encounter_, H.M.S., 314
_Endeavour_, 201
_Enterprise_, 43, 165-166, 306
_Ericsson_, 384
_Erin_, 254
_Ermack_, 367, 368, 369
_Esk_, 262
_Etna_, 45
_Etruria_, 281, 282
_Europa_, 152, 245
_Excellent_, 325
_Experiment_, 328
_Express_, 113
_F. P. Smith_, 216
_Faid Gihaad_, 372
_Fairy_, 371
_Falcon_, 165
_Falken_, 373
_Fannie_, 115
_Far East_, 265
_Fenella_, 92
_Firebrand_, 176
_Firefly_, 35, 41, 44, 45
_Flora_, 325
_Florida_, 288
_Forth_, 191
_Foyle_, 98
_Francis B. Ogden_, 218
_Franklin_, 43, 154
_Frederica_, 116
_Frolic_, 96
_Fulton_, 35, 41, 154
_Gaelic_, 253
_Galtee-More_, 120
_Garonne_, 264, 295
_Garry Owen_, 196, 221
_Gascony_, 349
_Gemini_, 376
_General Admiral Apraxine_, 368
_George Canning_, 74
_George Washington_, 304
_Georgia_, 188
_Germanic_, 253
_Geyser_, 313
_Glasgow_, 86, 240
_Glatton_, 334
_Glen Cove_, 50
_Gloire_, 320
_Gorgon_, 316
_Grace_, 106
_Grand Turk_, 111
_Great Britain_, 217, 221, 256, 271
_Great Eastern_, 193, 230, 241, 268-278, 284, 288
_Great Liverpool_, 178
_Great Western_, 138, 141-144, 145, 147-148, 150, 169, 220, 238, 271
_Greenock_, 88, 318
_Griffin_, 115
_Guadeloupe_, 316
_Guernsey_, 116
_Hansa_, 301
_Havre_, 113, 114
_Hazard_, 331
_Hebe_, 315, 327
_Helvetia_, 254
_Hendrick Hudson_, 48, 49
_Henry Bell_, 73, 88, 100
_Henry Clay_, 170
_Her Majesty_, 232
_Herald_, 96
_Hercules_, 315, 332
_Hermann_, 154
_Hermes_, 176
_Hibernia_, 71, 102, 104, 120, 151
_Hilda_, 115, 116
_Himalaya_, 180, 260, 271
_Hindostan_, 179
_Hohenzollern_, 371
_Ho-Nam_, 206
_Honfleur_, 108, 116
_Hope_, 36, 38, 39, 45, 69, 107
_Howe_, 315
_Hudson_, 300
_Hugh Lindsay_, 166
_Humber_, 64
_Humboldt_, 154
_Iberia_, 177
_Idaho_, 248
_Immacolata Concezione_, 372
_Immingham_, 118
_Inconstant_, 315, 333
_Independencia_, 315
_Indian_, 254
_Indian Empire_, 162
_Industry_, 66
_Invincible_, 336
_Iolanda_, 375
_Irishman_, 100, 101
_Iroquois_, 351
_Isa_, 306
_Isabella_, 120
_Italy_, 109, 254
_Ivernia_, 283
_James Joicey_, 307
_James Watt_, 81, 100
_Jerome Napoleon_, 373
_John Bowes_, 211, 213
_John Elder_, 264
_John W. Richmond_, 46
_Jumna_, 202
_Kaiser Wilhelm II._, 287, 305
_Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse_, 304, 305
_Kaiserin Auguste Victoria_, 305
_Kangaroo_, 239
_Karamea_, 298
_Kate_, 327
_Kearsarge_, 176, 340
_Kentucky_, 340
_King Edward_, 309
_King Orry_, 89, 92
_Kingfisher_, 83
_Kite_, 124
_Koenig Wilhelm_, 333
_Koenig Wilhelm II._, 305
_Kronprinz Wilhelm_, 305
_Kronprinzessin Cecilie_, 305
_La France_, 259
_La Plata_, 262
_Lady de Saumarez_, 110
_Lady Derby_, 233
_Lady Eglinton_, 98, 245
_Lady Grey_, 369
_Lady Hudson-Kinahan_, 99
_Lady Martin_, 99
_Lady Olive_, 99
_Lady Roberts_, 99
_Lady Wodehouse_, 98
_Lady Wolseley_, 99
_Ladybird_, 107
_Lancashire Witch_, 96
_Larriston_, 245
_Laura_, 116
_Laurentic_, 289
_Le Nord_, 105
_Leinster_, 204
_Leven_, 72
_Leviathan_, 270, 276
_Lewis_, 155
_Lexington_, 45, 46
_Liffey_, 73
_Lightning_, 264, 311, 336
_Lily_, 119
_Lima_, 229
_Livadia_, 373
_Liverpool_, 145
_London_, 87
_Londonderry_, 121
_Lord Beresford_, 110
_Lord Nelson_, 335
_Lord W. Bentinck_, 202
_Lord Warden_, 105
_Louisa Ann Fanny_, 267
_Louisiana_, 175, 254
_Lucania_, 282
_Lusitania_ (Cunard Co.), 279, 282, 309
_Lusitania_ (Orient Line), 264, 294
_Ly-ee-moon_, 203
_Lydia_, 116
_Lymington_, 116
_Lyons_, 107, 109
_Ma Robert_, 279
_Mabel_, 106
_Macedonia_, 293
_Madagascar_, 183
_Magenta_, 330
_Majestic_, 69, 96, 287
_Malvina_, 245
_Malwa_, 293
_Manhattan_, 247
_Mantua_, 292
_Manx Queen_, 96
_Manxman_, 121
_Marathon_, 297
_Marco_, 107
_Margaret and Jessie_, 90
_Marie Henriette_, 309
_Margery_, 66, 69
_Marmora_, 293
_Mars_, 98
_Mary_, 114,
_Mary Augusta_, 259
_Mary Powell_, 50
_Marylebone_, 118
_Massachusetts_, 170-172
_Masterful_, 100
_Mauretania_, 279, 282, 309
_Medusa_, 316
_Megantic_, 289
_Megna_, 202
_Mermaid_, 97, 313
_Merrimac_, 248, 329
_Mersey_, 73, 331
_Messenger_, 176
_Meteor_, 176
_Meteor_, H.M.S., 110
_Midland Prince_, 55
_William M. Mills_, 52
_Miltiades_, 296, 297
_Milwaukee_, 300
_Minas Geraes_, 338
_Minnesota_, 248
_Minotaur_, H.M.S., 315, 332, 333
_Minx_, H.M.S., 314
_Miramar_, 373
_Missouri_, 340
_Mohawk_, 336
_Moldavia_, 293
_Mona_, 88, 89, 92, 93
_Monarch_, 82, 83, 110
_Mona’s Isle_, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 150
_Mona’s Queen_, 90, 93
_Mongolia_, 293
_Monitor_, 329
_Monitoria_, 349
_Monkey_, 311
_Montana_, 248
_Mooltan_, 261, 293
_Morea_, 293
_C. W. Morse_, 48
_Moselle_, 53
_Munster_, 204
_Mute_, 35
_Narragansett_, 45
_Natchez_, 54
_Navahoe_, 351
_Nebraska_, 248
_Nemesis_, 316
_Neptune_, 315
_Nevada_, 248
_New Jersey_, 219
_New Orleans_, 35, 42
_Newhaven_, 109
_Niagara_, 152, 245
_Nicholai_, 169
_Nicolaieff_, 363
_Niger_, 313
_Nile_, 98
_Nimrod_, 316
_Nitocris_, 316
_Nix_, 319
_Norfolk_, 300
_Norman_, 183
_Normandy_, 109, 113, 114
_North American_, 255
_North Carolina_, 340
_North River_, 35, 36, 41
_Northampton_, 315
_Northman_, 100
_Northumberland_, 315
_Norwich_, 49
_Nottingham_, 97
_Novelty_, 217
_Oberon_, 351
_Ocean_, 140
_Oceanic_, 252, 287, 288
_Ogden, Francis B._, 218
_Ohio_, 188
_Old Colony_, 47
_Olive Branch_, 35, 43
_Olympic_, 289
_Ontario_, 53
_Oregon_, 48, 49, 188, 250, 282
_Orient_, 295
_Oriental_, 178
_Orlando_, 315
_Orleans_, 107
_Oroonoko_, 53
_Orvieto_, 292
_Oscar_, 64
_Osterley_, 292
_Otaki_, 310
_Otranto_, 292
_Pacific_, 157, 161, 188, 204, 264
_Pakeha_, 298
_Pallas_, 266, 331
_Pallion_, 349
_Paragon_, 35, 41, 44
_Paris_, 107, 108, 109
_Parisian_, 281
_Pas de Calais_, 105
_Patriarch_, 296
_Patricia_, 305
_Paul Paix_, 349
_Pawnee_, 339
_Penelope_, 315
_Pennsylvania_, 254
_Pericles_, 297
_Peru_, 187
_Perseverance_, 23, 36, 38, 45
_Persia_, 243, 271, 293
_Perth_, 87
_Peterhoff_, 373
_Peveril_, 93
_Philadelphia_, 44
_Phlegethon_, 316
_Phœnix_, 29, 123, 135
_Pilgrim_, 47
_Pioneer_, 53
_Plymouth_, 47
_Pole Star_, 371
_Powerful_, 100
_Powhatan_, 45
_President_, 146-148, 169
_President Grant_, 305
_President Lincoln_, 305
_Prince of Orange_, 66
_Prince of Wales_, 93, 96
_Princess Alice_, 373
_Princess Charlotte_, 66
_Princess Ena_, 116
_Princess Margaret_, 116
_Princess of Wales_, 106
_Princesse Clementine_, 309
_Princesse Elisabeth_, 309
_Prinz Heinrich_, 304
_Prinz Hendrick_, 332
_Prince Regent Luitpold_, 304
_Propeller_, 162
_Propontis_, 306
_Providence_, 47
_Puritan_, 47
_Q.E.D._, 211
_Quebec_, 140
_Queen_, 105
_Queen, The_, 254, 309
_Queen Alexandra_, 309
_Queen of the Isle_, 89
_Queen Victoria_, 93, 96
_Rainbow_, 197, 280
_Rangatira_, 298
_Rariton_, 35
_Rathmore_, 120
_Rattler_, 312, 337
_Recruit_, 319
_Regent_, 70
_Release_, 174
_Rennes_, 108
_Republic_, 288
_Rhadamanthus_, 311
_Rhaetia_, 302
_Rhenus_, 269
_Rhode Island_, 90
_Richmond_, 35, 41, 43, 45
_Richmond, John W._, 46
_Rising Empire_, 186
_Rising Star_ (or _Sun_), 126-133
_Rob Roy_, 72
_Robert Bruce_, 96
_Robert Burns_, 111
_Robert F. Stockton_, 218
_Robert Fulton_, 44, 51
_Roodezee_, 361
_Rose_ (Dublin), 97, 98
_Rose_ (L. & N.W.R.), 119
_Rose_ (Merchantman), 127
_Rosstrevor_, 120
_Rothesay Castle_, 106
_Rotomahana_, 281
_Rouen_, 107
_Rowan_, 101
_Royal George_, 83
_Royal Tar_, 176
_Royal William_ (Canadian), 134, 136
_Royal William_ (Dublin Co.), 144
_Ruahine_, 186, 292
_Rugia_, 302
_Russia_, 241, 246
_Safa-el-bahr_, 374
_St. George_, 72, 94, 95
_St. John_, 48
_St. Louis_, 291
_St. Malo_, 113
_St. Patrick_, 72
_St. Paul_, 291
_Salamander_, 307, 312, 319, 320
_Sampo_, 369
_Sans Pareil_, H.M.S., 358
_Sapphire_, 335
_Sarah Sands_, 231, 235
_Satsuma_, 335
_Saturnia_, 255
_Savannah_, 30, 122-126, 136, 199
_Scotia_, 104, 120, 246, 369
_Sea-Horse_, 72
_Sea King_, 173
_Sea Swallow_, 327
_Seraing_, 321
_Sexta_, 306
_Shamrock_, 97, 119
_Shannon_, 97, 262
_Sharkie_, 372
_Shenandoah_, 170, 174, 175, 194
_Sirius_, 138-144
_Smith, F. P._, 216
_Snaefell_, 91, 92
_Solent_, 116
_Sophia Jane_, 94
_Sorata_, 295
_South-Western_, 113, 116
_Southampton_, 113, 114, 115, 116
_Sprague_, 199
_Spreewald_, 305
_Standart_, 371
_Stanley_, 119
_Stella_, 116
_Stockton, Robert F._, 218
_Suevic_, 300
_Sultan_, 314, 315
_Superb_, 96
_Sussex_, 109
_Swan of the Exe_, 383
_Swift_, 73
_Syren_, 300
_Talbot_, 72
_Tartar_, 336
_Tasmanian_, 184
_Taureau_, 329
_Tay_, 64
_Telica_, 187
_Terror_, 334
_Teucer_, 346
_Teutonic_, 287
_Thames_, 66, 86, 191, 202
_Theodor_, 247
_Thermopylæ_, 296
_Thetis_, 166, 319
_Thor_, 348
_The Three Brothers_, 173
_Thunder_, 264
_Thunderer_, 333
_Titanic_, 289
_Toronto_, 218
_Town of Liverpool_, 73
_Transit_, 111
_Transporter_, 301
_Trent_, 262, 277
_Trident_, 82, 83, 317
_Trinculo_, 351
_Trouville_, 109
_Trusty_, 331
_Turbinia_, 308
_Tynwald_, 89, 90, 93
_Ulster_, 204
_Ultonia_, 283
_Umbria_, 281, 282
_Unicorn_, 151
_Union_, 45
_United Kingdom_, 134
_Valetta_, 260
_Vandalia_, 52
_Vanderbilt_, 172
_C. Vanderbilt_, 49
_Velox_, 309
_Vera_, 116
_Vernon_, 167, 169
_Vesta_, 159
_Vesuvius_, 35, 45
_Viceroy_, 162
_Victoria_, 105, 109, 116, 263, 269, 319
_Victoria and Albert_, 314, 371
_Victorian_, 281, 309
_Viking_, 93
_Violet_, 119
_Viper_, 308, 323
_Virginia_, 254, 340
_Virginian_, 281, 309
_Vixen_, 323
_Vulcan_, 195
_Waldensian_, 183
_Walk in the Water_, 51
_Waratah_, 297
_Warrior_, 315, 320, 333
_Washington_, 35, 154
_Waterloo_, 72
_Watersprite_, 111
_Waterwitch_, 96, 208, 321
_Watt_, 140
_Wave Queen_, 107
_Waveney_, 335
_Waverley_, 114, 115
_Wellington_, 167
_Weser_, 302, 319
_West Virginia_, 340
_Wildfire_, H.M.S., 110
_William Cutting_, 44, 45
_William Fawcett_, 111
_William Hutt_, 214
_William M. Mills_, 52
_William the Fourth_, 95
_Wilmington_, 340
_Winans_, 380
_Winchester_, 374
_Wisconsin_, 248
_Wolf_, 115, 116
_Wonder_, 112, 113
_Wyoming_, 248
_Ysabel Secunda_, 135
_Zambesi_, 294
_Zwartezee_, 361

Shire Line, 300

Shoreham Harbour, 106

Shorter, Capt., 207

Siemens-Martin steel process, 280

Sierra Leone-West Indies service, 261

Simonson of New York, 173

Slidell, Mr., 262

Sligo Steam Navigation Co., 101

Smack, journey by, Scotland to London, 85

Smeaton, John, 86

Smith, Caleb, of Liverpool, 177

Smith, Sir Francis Pettit, 215

Smith, Capt. George, 79

Smith, Junius (or Julius), 138

Smith, Capt. “Target,” and twin screws, 325

Smith’s Dock, North Shields, 351

Smith’s screw propeller, 222, 245

Société des Forges et Chantiers, Havre, 109

South African trade, 183

South America, Pacific Coast trade, 187; service with England, 191

South American States, ingratitude of, 127

South-Eastern and Chatham Railway Co.’s steamboats, 105; complain of
L.B. & S.C.R. Co., 106; first railway to order turbine steamer, 309

South Kensington Science Museum, exhibits in: Symington’s engine, 59;
model of the _Charlotte Dundas_, 61; engines of the _Comet_, 64

South of England Steam Navigation Co., 110, 111

Southampton-Channel Islands service, 110

Southampton-Havre and Honfleur service, 109, 110

Southampton-Morlaix service, 111

Southampton-St. Malo service, 113, 115

Southampton-South Pacific ports, 191

South-Western Steam Packet Co., 111, 112

Spain, steamers to, 176

Spanish-American War, sailing vessel in, 174; auxiliary cruisers, 291

Spanish Government purchase _Royal William_, 135

Spanish Navy and Chilian Revolution, 127

Speed of early steamboats, 24, 33

Stainton, Joseph, 57

Stanhope, Lord, and Fulton’s inventions, 27

State Line, 253

Steam auxiliary to sailing, development of, 164-192

Steamboat companies and railways, competition in America, 45

Steamboat, Fulton’s, impressions of, 32, 33, 34

Steam condensation, 200

Steam-engines: steam experiment of Hero of Alexandria (120 B.C.), 9;
of Giovanni Branca, 9; of the Marquis of Worcester, 9; of Blasco de
Garay, 10; of Salomon de Caus, 10; of Dr. Denis Papin, 11; of Thomas
Savery, 11; of Jonathan Hulls, 12; of Jouffroy d’Abbans, 15; of James
Rumsay, 20; of John Fitch, 21; of Robert Fulton, 31; Symington the
inventor of the marine engine, 56; his engine, 58; first horizontal
direct-acting engine, 59; Bell’s engines, 62; Robertson’s engines,
62, 64; Napier’s engines, 72; side-lever type, 72. _See also_ Engines

Steam-frigates, 315

Steam-heating of ships introduced, 157

Steam-pressures, 307

Steam-ship companies’ antagonism to railway-owned vessels, 104

Steam-ships, competition between sailers and steamers, 44; increase
from 1820, 75; British ships in 1838, 77; change of ownership and
renaming, 78; first to fire a gun in war, 135; development and
progress, 259; Lloyd’s summary quoted for size of large vessels,
291-393; repairs to ships, 300; built in halves, 301; first in
the Royal Navy, 311; eccentric designs, 375 _et seq._; future
development, 387

Steel, Messrs., of Greenock, ships built by, 134, 151, 157

Steel ships, the building of, 279-310; first steel steamer, 279;
first ocean steamer, 281;

Steel, toughened, 243

Steering-gear, steam, 109, 241

Steering screw-propelled vessels, 220

Steers, Mr. George, 158, 161

Stern-wheelers, 15

Sterns, rounded, 158

Stettin, Vulcan Shipbuilding, &c., Works at, and shipbuilding, 302;
floating dock, 353

Stevens, Col. John, constructs a steamboat, 25; and screw-propellers,
29, 192, 207-210; and stiffeners for sagging hulls, 46, 194

Stevens, Robert, 29

Stevens, Robert Livingston, 30, 44

Stevens Institute, Hoboken, original screw-engine at, 209

Stockton, Commodore Robert F., 219

Sturdee, Mr. John, 326

Submarines, Fulton’s, experiments with, 24, 26; early submarines,
375; transport of Japanese submarines, 301

Suez, Isthmus of, passage of the, 179

Suez-Bombay service of the East India Co., 180

Suez Canal, opening of, 181; mails carried via, 182; limits size of
vessels, 291

Suez route to India, 164 _et seq._

Swan, Hunter, and Wigham Richardson, Ltd., 283, 365

Swan-shaped yacht, 383

Swedish State Railways ferry across the Baltic, 365

Sydney-Melbourne mail, 107

Symington, William, of Falkirk, and Fulton, 28; builds first British
steamer, 56; his engine, 58, 59

Tank steamers, 348, 351

Taylor and Davies’ engine, 313

Taylor, James, of Cumnock, 58

Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co., 246

Tetrahedral principle of construction, 388

Thames, the, first steam-vessel to enter, 66; first built on, 69;
shipbuilding on the, 233-234

Thames Iron Works and Shipbuilding Co., 203, 233, 260, 322, 333, 371,
372, 377

Thames passenger steamers, overcrowding, 79; rivalry of companies,
80; ferry-steamers, 367. _See also_ London

Thames Steamboat Co., 367

Thompson’s (George, & Co.) Aberdeen Line, 296

Thomson, J. & G., 254, 281

Thorneycroft, Messrs., Thames Works, 234; jet-propelling lifeboats,
324; torpedo boats, 336

Tobin, Sir John, 145

Tod and McGregor, 237, 239, 240

Torpedo, Fulton and the, 26

Torpedo boats, 336

Towing. _See_ Tugboats

“Tramp” steamers, 343

Transasiatic railway ferry, 365

Transatlantic Co., 138

Transatlantic steam service, the beginnings of, 98, 122-148; first
steamer to cross, 122; sail with steam auxiliary, 122; first crossing
from West, 134; Canadian claims, 135; early steam voyages, 138-144

“Trent Affair, the,” 262, 277

Trevithick, Richard, and iron ships, 195

Triple-hulled boats, 388

Tsushima, Battle of, 335, 339

Tubular vessels, 235

Tugboats, 341-342; the first steam tug, 69

Turbine-driven steamers, 281, 307-309; first on the Thames, 83;
turbines of the _Dreadnought_, 335

Turret steamers, 345

Turrets, 329, 340

Twin screws. _See_ Screw

Twin steamers, 376-379

Tyne, the, iron screw steamers built on, 215; the ferries, 366

Union Co. (London-Leith), 84

Union Line founded, 182; vessels as transports, Crimean War, 183;
Brazil and South African trade, 183

Union Steamship Co. of New Zealand, 281

United States, first iron vessels for the, 193; U.S. mails and
American vessels, 153. _See also_ America, Transatlantic

Vail, Stephen, 123

Valentia, 137

Valentia Transatlantic Steam Navigation Co., 137

Valparaiso-Cobija steamers, 186

Valparaiso-Panama service, 187

Valturius’ “De Re Militari,” 4

Vanderbilt, Commodore, 173

Vickers, Sons & Maxim, 301, 369; new battleship, 340

Victoria, Queen, first steam-ship journey, 82; visit to Isle of Man,
90; royal yachts, 371

Victoria floating dock, 363

Volga, River, ferry, 364

Waddell, James Tredell, career of, 174-175

Waghorn, Thos., Bengal pilot, and Suez route to India, 166-167

Wagstaff, 162

Walliker, Mr. J. F., on engines, 306

Wallis’s yard, 82

Wallsend, floating docks built at, 357, 361, 362

Wallsend Slipway and Engineering Co., Ltd., engines by, 285

Walpole, Webb, and Bewley, Messrs., Dublin, 98

Ward, Mr. John, 194; on the evolution of the steam-ship, 228

Warships, construction of, 336; British-built for foreign Powers,
338; of the future, 340; Wooden _v._ iron, 329

Water-ballast, 212, 347

Waterford Commercial Steam Navigation Co., 74

Waterford trade, 75

Watermen and Lightermen, Worshipful Co. of, 79

Watson, Colin, 64, 65

Watt, George, 58

Watt, James, and Ogden’s engine, 219

Watt, James, the younger, and reversing machinery, 70

Watt, James, & Co., engines for _Pacific_, 205; engines for _Great
Eastern_, 276

Watt’s, James, steam-engine, 86

Wave-line theory of construction, 236, 316

Webb, William H., American shipbuilder, 47

Weir, Robert, 57

Weld, Mr. and Mrs., 68

Welland Canal, 52

West Indian fruit trade, 299

West Indies, R.M.S.P. Co.’s service, 189

Westervelt and Mackay, Messrs., 154

Weymouth and Channel Islands Steam Packet Co., 112

Weymouth-Channel Islands service, 110, 112

“Whalebacks,” 55

Wheel-boats, early, 2, 4

Wheelwright, Wm., 186

White, J. Samuel, Cowes, 336

White, Mr. Thomas, West Cowes, 111

White, Sir William H., on the _Great Eastern_, quoted, 278

White Star-Dominion Line and Canadian trade, 289

White Star Line, 241, 251-253, 287-290

Wigram and Green, Messrs., 81

Wilkinson, J., and iron barge, 195

Williams, Mr. C. W., Dublin, 72

Williamson, Capt., and turbine boat, 308

Wilson, (“Frigate Wilson”), of Liverpool, 72, 100, 144

Wilson, of London, engines by, 306

Wilson, Thomas, shipbuilder, 195

Wimshurst, Mr., Blackwall, 217

Winans’ cigar ship, 380

Wireless telegraphy, 121, 288

Wood, C., shipbuilder, 151

Wood, James, & Co., Messrs., of Port Glasgow, 81

Wood, John, & Co., of Glasgow, 62, 87, 151

Wood construction of steam-ships, 191, 193

Wooden ships, length of, 193; sagging hulls, 46, 194

Worcester, Marquis of, “Century of Inventions,” 9

Workman & Clark, Messrs., Belfast, 99

Yachts, auxiliary power in, 371; steam-yachts, 371; royal yachts,
371-374; private yachts, 374-375

Yarrow & Co., Messrs., 234, 374

Yarrow boilers, 388

Zoelly turbine, 307

Printed by BALLANTYNE & CO. LIMITED

Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London

_Uniform with this Volume_

SAILING SHIPS

THE STORY OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
TO THE PRESENT DAY

By E. KEBLE CHATTERTON

With a Coloured Frontispiece by CHAS. DIXON, and over 130
Illustrations from Photographs, Models, &c. Extra Royal 8vo, 380
pages, in designed cover, cloth gilt, =16s.= net.

“This is a book that can be read with both pleasure and profit by any
one who takes an interest in ships and the sea, which means every
English man, woman, and child ... its author has set down all that is
and ever has been known concerning those vessels which have navigated
the ocean under sail. The text is helped out by a series of really
beautiful illustrations.... From the Seaman’s point of view the book
is above all praise, as no man can write lovingly of ships and not
deal in the technicalities of the craft of the mariner. This has been
done here with a certainty and sureness of touch which is the outcome
of an absolutely perfect knowledge of the subject, and at the same
time with such clearness and simplicity of style that the land-lubber
can read and understand.... There is no unnecessary wealth of detail
in this book, but at the same time no important facts are slurred
over, no important change in build or rig is ever missed. It is this
that makes of it such eminently satisfactory reading.... A work of
such special and remarkable value that it is certain to survive as a
classic on this particular subject.”--_Pall Mall Gazette._

“It is the full and complete history of the Sailing Ship from early
Egyptian times to the present, written, not by a “dry-as-dust”
or a book-worm, but by a man who is passionately devoted to the
sea.... The volume, as might only be expected of the publishers,
is beautifully printed, and is filled with excellent illustrations
showing every shape of the development of sailing ships. It is
impossible to do justice to Mr. Chatterton’s book within a small
space.... There is nothing left to be desired in the matter of plans,
pictures, or index, and we can only offer our hearty congratulations
to the author on a very fine piece of work.”--_The World._

“It is not only a book that the average British boy will gloat over
and revel in to his heart’s content, but it is even one that his
elders will find abundant interest in--sufficient to chain their
attention once they essay to dip into its pages. The book itself is
made beautiful with a hundred and thirty illustrations, while it
is not often that one comes across a work got up in such excellent
style, or that does such real credit to its publishers.”--_United
Service Gazette._

“Mr. Chatterton has the right temper and inclinations for writing a
book of this sort.... He has a practical knowledge of sailing, and
an evident passion for what Stevenson called “the richest kind of
idling”--hanging about harbours and docks and picking up sea-lore
from communicative “shellbacks.” Besides this, he is a scholar in
naval learning.... The illustrations in the book are excellent ...
this book should be in every naval library.”--_Spectator._

“We need only say that the whole book is as interesting as a romance,
and as informing as an encyclopædia, while not a single page can be
called dull or dry. The numerous illustrations are excellent and
appropriate, and the whole book deserves the highest praise and
commendation.”--_Bookseller._

“A monument of research.”--_Daily Mail._

“Interesting and instructive ... both timely and welcome.”--_Times._

“Admirable ... his criticisms are always those of the seaman as well
as of the expert.”--_Westminster Gazette._

“Beautifully printed and copiously illustrated. ‘Sailing Ships and
their Story’ will be found most interesting and instructive to every
lover of the sea.... The work is one that should be found in the
library of every yachtsman.”--_Yachting World._

“Must be considered ... a standard work.”--_Yachting Monthly._

“Mr. Keble Chatterton’s final chapter on the development of the fore
and aft rig will be of special interest to yachtsmen.”--_Daily News._

“This is a heartfelt book ... it will long hold first place as an
authoritative work.”--_Nation_ (New York).

“A work full of fascination, and abounding with accurate
information.”--_The Field._

“It is just the sort of book to have for handy reference on board the
yacht when one sits on deck in the gloaming of the second dog-watch
smoking a pipe and arguing with a nautical friend. It is a book, too,
for the marine artist, its one hundred and thirty illustrations being
technically correct.”--_The Dial_ (Chicago).

“Mr. Chatterton has produced a valuable book.”--_Daily Chronicle._

“Altogether it is the most absorbing historical work of its kind I
have ever read.”--_Collier’s Weekly_.

“... Likely to be recognised as a standard work on the
subject....”--_Court Journal._

“There isn’t one ‘dry’ or uninteresting page in the whole
treatise.”--_Maritime Review._

“A work that will prove a veritable classic of the sea, and make of
him the standard historian of the sailing ship.”--_Nautical Magazine._

“To compress the history of the development of the sailing vessel
from the rude dug-out of prehistoric Nile explorers to the iron
clippers of to-day into some three hundred pages is a feat of which
Mr. Chatterton may well be proud.”--_Naval and Military Record._

SIDGWICK & JACKSON, LTD.
3 ADAM STREET, ADELPHI, LONDON, W.C.

Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, formatting, etc. have been
retained, except as mentioned below. French and German accents have
not been changed or added unless listed below. The inconsistent and
unusual use of units (knots for both distance and speed, yards for
both length and area, etc.) is as in the source document.

List of Illustrations: numbers 128 (Cartagena Dock) and 129
(_Baikal_) are in reverse order in the list compared to the text.
This has not been rectified so as to not mix up the photo credits.
Some other discrepancies between the list and the captions have been
rectified, as mentioned below.

Page 147, table: the contradicting units (feet, inches) are as
printed in the source document.

Page 229, ... the ‘three grand requirements (of marine engines): the
closing quote mark is lacking.

Page 361 (and Index), ... the powerful Dutch tugs Roodezee and
Zwartezee ...: they were called the Roode Zee and the Zwarte Zee.

Changes made

Footnotes and illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs;
some ditto signs have been replaced with the dittoed text. Page
references under illustration giving the page number opposite which
the illustration was printed have been deleted.

Some obvious minor typographical and punctuation errors have been
corrected silently.

List of Illustrations: illustration numbers have been added.
Illustrations numbers 33 (originally _Kingfisher_) and 34 (originally
_Carron_) interchanged cf. the order of the illustrations in the
text; ditto for numbers 44 (_Cambria_) and 45 (_Marylebone_), numbers
51 (_Dieppe_) and 52 (_United Kingdom_), and numbers 94 (_Campania_)
and 95 (_Mauretania_).

Perier and Périer have been standardised to Périer.

Page 65: ... to bring up in Ramsay Bay ... has been changed to ... to
bring up in Ramsey Bay ....

Page 86: ſatisfying has been changed to ſatiſfying.

Page 118: Konisberg has been changed to Königsberg.

Page 187: Miller and Ravenhall has been changed to Miller and
Ravenhill.

Page 320: Dupuy de Lome has been changed to Dupuy de Lôme.

Index entries changed to conform to the text: Belier to Bélier;
Bernouilli to Bernoulli; Browne, Charles to Brownne, Charles; Cambia
(Cunard Co.) and Cambia (L. & N.W.R.) to Cambria (Cunard Co.) and
Cambria (L. & N.W.R.) (ships); Chipping Camden to Chipping Campden
(entry Freeman, Mr.); Dupuy de Lome to Dupuy de Lôme; Fire-brand to
Firebrand (ship); Grayson & Leadly to Grayson & Leadley; Humbolt to
Humboldt (ship); Jorden, J., & Co. to Jordan, J., & Co.; Jouffrey
d’Abbans to Jouffroy d’Abbans; Jumma to Jumna (ship); Liffy to Liffey
(ship); Maudsley, Sons & Field to Maudslay, Sons & Field; Morisot’s
“Orbis Maritimi,” to Morisotus’ “Orbis Maritimi,”; Munroe, President
to Monroe, President (also moved to proper place); Prince Regent
Luitpold to Prinz Regent Luitpold (ship); Rubic and Blaker to Rubie
and Blaker; James Rumsey to James Rumsay (entry Moray, John); Salamon
de Caus to Salomon de Caus (entry Steam-engines); Sans Pariel to Sans
Pareil (ship); Shaw, Savil & Albion Co. to Shaw, Savill & Albion Co.;
Winan’s cigar ship to Winans’ cigar ship.