Chapter I: Preface

Of the diagrams which illustrate this little volume, the majority were prepared by Miss E. C. Abbott (formerly Bathurst Scholar at Newnham College, Cambridge): the sketches were made from specimens in the South Kensington Museum of Natural History, which has kindly granted permission for their use. In addition to these, there are several figures that are taken from specimens in my possession, photographed by the publishers; two or three cuts are diagrammatic; and I owe to the kindness of Mr. J. Craggs, formerly president of the Northumberland Microscopical Association, the drawings of Polycystina and of the scales of the Sole.

B. L.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I. THE STORY OF ANIMAL LIFE 9

II. HOW ANIMALS ADAPT THEMSELVES TO CIRCUMSTANCES 13

III. CLASSIFICATION: THE SORTING OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 30

IV. THE ONE-CELLED ANIMALS, OR PROTOZOA 45

V. THE COELENTERATA 53

VI. THE SPONGES 63

VII. THE VERMES OR WORMS 68

VIII. THE ARTHROPODA: LOBSTERS, SPIDERS, AND INSECTS 76

IX. THE MOLLUSCA, OR SHELL-FISH 98

X. THE BRACHIOPODA, OR LAMP-SHELLS 117

XI. THE MOSS-CORALS, OR POLYZOA 119

XII. THE ECHINODERMATA 122

XIII. THE CHORDATA 135

XIV. THE VERTEBRATA 138

XV. MAN 167

XVI. HOW ZOOLOGISTS DO THEIR WORK 180

INDEX 193

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE

1. The Scallop-Shell _Frontispiece_

2. Limpets and Periwinkles 19

3. Diagram of _Amoeba_ 35

4. Section of _Hydra_ 36

5. Diagrammatic Section of Earthworm 38

6. Diagram of a Gastrula 41

7. Diagram of a Trochosphere 42

8. Shells of Radiolarians (Polycystina) 47

9. A Coralline 58

10. Gorgonia 59

11. Corals 60

12. Marine Worms 73

13. A Centipede 77

14, 15. Shells of Barnacles 79, 80

16. Hermit Crabs 81

17. A Land Crab 82

18. A Sand-hopper 83

19. A Spider 84

20. Nest of Trap-door Spider 85

21. _Galeodes_ 86

22. A Tick 87

23. A Scorpion 88

24. Larvæ of Insects 90

25. Larva of the Bee 92

26. Ants 92

27. White Ants 93

28. Cocoons of Moths 94

29. A Moth and its Larva 95

30. Nest of a Gregarious Caterpillar 96

31. Development of an English Water-beetle (_Dytiscus_) 96

32. Insect Pests 97

33. Branchy Murex 102

34. Shell of the Common _Venus_ 104

35. Eggs of Molluscs 115

36. The Five-holed Sand-Cake 125

37. A Brittle-Star 129

38. A Sea-Cucumber 130

39. A Stone-Lily or Encrinite 131

40. A Feather-Star 132

41. Sections showing Position of the Vertebrate Notochord 139

42. Scales of a Sole 143

43. Tadpoles 153

44. Eggs of Reptiles 155

45. Skull of Kangaroo 162

46. Skull of Rodent 163

47. Slide with Rows of Sections for the Microscope 185

THE STORY OF ANIMAL LIFE