Chapter LXIII: Appendix: B.--Tables (2)

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PRESIDENTS PRO TEMPORE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE. CONGRESS YEARS NAME STATE BORN DIED ================================================================= 1, 2 1789-92 John Langdon N H 1739 1819 2 1792 Richard H Lee Va 1732 1794 2, 3 1792 94 John Langdon N H 1739 1819 3 1794 95 Ralph Izard S C 1742 1804 3, 4 1795 96 Henry Tazewell Va 1753 1799 4 1796 97 Samuel Livermore N H 1732 1803 4, 5 1797 William Bingham Pa 1751 1804 5 1797 William Bradford R I 1729 1808 5 1797 98 Jacob Read S C 1752 1816 5 1798 Theo Sedgwick Mass 1746 1813 5 1798 99 John Laurence N Y 1750 1810 5 1799 James Ross Pa 1762 1847 6 1799-1800 Samuel Livermore N H 1732 1803 6 1800 Uriah Tracy Ct 1755 1807 6 1800-1801 John E Howard Md 1752 1827 6 1801 James Hillhouse Ct 1754 1832 7 1801 02 Abraham Baldwin Ga 1754 1807 7 1802-03 Stephen R Bradley Vt 1754 1830 8 1803 04 John Brown Ky 1757 1837 8 1804-05 Jesse Franklin N C 1758 1823 8 1805 Joseph Anderson Tenn 1757 1837 9, 10 1805-08 Samuel Smith Md 1752 1823 10 1808-09 Stephen R Bradley Vt 1754 1837 10, 11 1809 John Milledge Ga 1757 1839 11 1809-10 Andrew Gregg Pa 1755 1835 11 1810 11 John Gaillard S C 1826 11, 12 1811-12 John Pope Ky 1770 1845 12, 13 1812 13 Wm H. Crawford Ga 1772 1834 13 1813 14 Jos B Varnum Mass 1750 1821 13-15 1814-18 John Gaillard S C 1826 15 16 1818 19 James Barbour Va 1775 1842 16 19 1820-26 John Gaillard S C 1826 19, 20 1826 28 Nathaniel Macon N C 1757 1837 20 22 1828-32 Samuel Smith Md 1752 1839 22 1832 L W Tazewell Va 1774 1863 22, 23 1832-34 Hugh L White Tenn 1773 1840 23 1834 35 Geo Poindexter Miss 1779 1853 24 1835 35 John Tyler Va 1790 1862 24-26 1836 41 William R King Ala 1786 1853 26, 27 1841 42 Samuel L Southard N J 1787 1842 27 29 1842 46 W P Mangum N C 1792 1861 29, 30 1846-49 D R Atchison Mo 1807 1886 31, 32 1850 52 William R King Ala 1786 1853 32 33 1852 54 D R Atchison Mo 1807 1886 33 34 1854-57 Jesse D Bright Ind 1812 1875 34 1857 James M Mason Va 1798 1871 35, 36 1857 61 Benj Fitzpatrick Ala 1802 1869 36 38 1861-64 Solomon Foot Vt 1802 1866 38 1864-65 Daniel Clark N H 1809 1891 39 1865-67 Lafayette S. Foster Ct 1806 1880 40 1867-69 Benj F Wade Ohio 1800 1878 41, 42 1869-73 Henry B Anthony R I 1815 1884 43 1873-75 M H Carpenter Wis 1824 1881 44, 45 1875 79 Thomas W Ferry Mich 1827 1896 46 1879-81 A G Thurman Ohio 1813 1895 47 1881 Thomas F Bayard Del 1828 47 1881-83 David David Ill 1815 1886 48 1883 85 Geo F Edmunds Vt 1818 49 1885 87 John Sherman Ohio 1823 1900 49-51 1887 91 John J Ingalls Kan 1833 52 1891-93 C F Manderson Neb 1837 53 1893-95 Isham G Harris Tenn 1818 .... 54, 55 1895-99 William P Frye Me 1831 ....

SPEAKERS OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

CONGRESS. YEARS. NAME. STATE. BORN. DIED. =============================================================== 1 1789-91 F.A. Muhlenburg Pa. 1750 1801 2 1791-93 Jonathan Trumbull Ct. 1740 1809 3 1793-95 F.A. Muhlenburg Pa. 1750 1801 4, 5 1795-99 Jonathan Dayton N.J. 1760 1824 6 1799-1801 Theo. Sedgwick Mass. 1746 1813 7-9 1801-07 Nathaniel Macon N.C. 1757 1837 10, 11 1807-11 Joseph B. Varnum Mass. 1750 1821 12, 13 1811-14 Henry Clay Ky. 1777 1852 13 1814-15 Langdon Cheves S.C. 1776 1857 14-16 1815-20 Henry Clay Ky. 1777 1852 16 1820-21 John W. Taylor N.Y. 1784 1854 17 1821-23 Philip P. Barbour Va. 1783 1841 18 1823-25 Henry Clay Ky. 1777 1852 19 1825-27 John W. Taylor N.Y. 1784 1854 20-23 1827-34 Andrew Stevenson Va. 1784 1857 23 1834-35 John Bell Tenn. 1797 1869 24, 25 1835-39 James K. Polk Tenn. 1795 1849 26 1839-41 R. M. T. Hunter Va. 1809 1887 27 1841-43 John White Ky. 1805 1845 28 1843-45 John W. Jones Va. 1805 1848 29 1845-47 John W. Davis Ind. 1799 1850 30 1847-49 Robert C. Winthrop Mass. 1809 1894 31 1849-51 Howell Cobb Ga. 1815 1868 32, 33 1851-55 Linn Boyd Ky. 1800 1859 34 1855-57 Nathaniel P. Banks Mass. 1816 1894 35 1857-59 James L. Orr S.C. 1822 1873 36 1860-61 Wm. Pennington N.J. 1796 1862 37 1861-63 Galusha A. Grow Pa. 1823 .... 38-40 1863-69 Schuyler Colfax Ind. 1823 1885 41-43 1869-75 James G. Blaine Me. 1830 1893 44 1875-76 Michael C. Kerr Ind. 1827 1876 44-46 1876-81 Samuel J. Randall Pa. 1828 1890 47 1881-83 John W. Keifer O. 1836 .... 48-50 1883-89 John G. Carlisle Ky. 1835 .... 51 1889-91 Thomas B. Reed Me. 1839 .... 52, 53 1891-95 Charles F. Crisp Ga. 1845 1896 54, 55 1895-99 Thomas B. Reed Me. 1839 ....

PRINCIPAL UNITED STATES EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND SALARIES.

EXECUTIVE MANSION.

Office. Salary. President of United States..... $30,000 Vice President................. 8,000

DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

Secretary of State............. $ 8,000 Assistant Secretary............ 4,500 Second Assistant Sec'y......... 3,500 Third Assistant Sec'y.......... 3,500 Chief Clerk.................... 2,750 Chief of Diplomatic Bureau..... 2,100 Chiel of Consular Bureau....... 2,100 Chief of Indexes & Archives.... 2,100 Four other bureau officers..... 2,100

TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

Secretary of the Treasury...... $ 8,000 2 Assistant Secretaries........ 4,500 Chief Clerk of Department...... 3,000 Chief of Appointmerit Div...... 2,750 Chief of Warrant Division...... ,000 [Transcriber's Note: misprint] Chief of Public Moneys Div..... 2,500 Chief of Customs Division...... 2,750 Chief Mer.Mar.& Int. Rev....... 2,500 Chief Loans & Currency Div..... 3,500 Chief Revenue Marine Div....... 2,500 Chief Stationery & Printing.... 2,500 Supervising Inspector-General of Steamboats................ 3,500 Director of the Mint........... 4,500 Chief of Bureau of Statistics.. 3,000 Supt. of Life-Saving Service... 4,000 Chairman Light-House Board..... ..... Supervising Surgeon-General.... 4,000 Chief of Bureau of Engraving and Printing................. 4,500 Supervising Architect.......... 4,500 Supt, U.S. Coast Survey (Acting) 6,000 2 Comptrollers.................. 5,000 Commissioner of Customs......... 4,000 6 Auditors...................... 3,600 Treasurer of the U. S........... 6,000 Register of the Treasury........ 4,000 Comptroller of the Currency..... 5,000 Com'r of Internal Revenue....... 6,000

WAR DEPARTMENT.

Secretary of War............... $ 8,000 Chief Clerk.................... 2,750 Adjutant-General............... 5,500 Inspector-General.............. 5,500 Quartermaster-General.......... 5,500 Paymaster-General.............. 5,500 Commissary-General............. 5,500 Surgeon-General................ 5,500 Judge Advocate Gen. (Acting)... 5,500 Chief of Engineers............. 5,500 Chief Signal Officer........... 5,500 Chief of Ordnance.............. 5,500 Officer in Charge War Records.. 3,500

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

Secretary of the Navy.......... $ 8,000 Chief Clerk.................... 2,500 Judge-Advocate General......... 4,500 Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks........................ 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Navigation.. 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Ordnance.... 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Provisions and Clothing................. 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.................. 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting............... 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Construction and Repair................... 5,000 Chief of Bureau of Steam Engineering.................. 5,000 Chief of Library and War Records...................... 3,000 Pay Director................... 3,000 Supt. Naval Observatory........ 5,000 Supt. Nautical Almanac......... 3,500

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.

Postmaster-General............. $ 8,000 Chief Clerk.................... 2,200 3 Ass't Postmaster-Generals.... 4,000 Supt. of Foreign Mails......... 3,000 Supt. of Money Order System.... 3,500 Asst. Attorney-General for Post-Office Department....... 4,000

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

Secretary of the Interior...... $ 8,000 First Assistant Secretary...... 4,500 Assistant Secretary............ 4,000 Chief Clerk & Superintendent... 2,750 Assistant Attorney-General..... 5,000 Com'r General Land Office...... 4,000 Com'r Pension Office........... 5,000 Com'r of Indian Affairs........ 4,000 Commissioner Patent Office..... 5,000 Assistant Commissioner......... 3,000 3 Examiners-in-Chief........... 3,000 30 Principal Examiners, each... 2,400 Commissioner of Education...... 3,000 Director Geological Survey..... 6,000 Commissioner of Labor.......... 3,000 Commissioner of Railroads...... 4,500 3 Civil Service Com'rs, each... 3,500

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE.

Attorney-General............... $ 8,000 Solicitor-General.............. 7,000 Two Asst. Attorney-Generals.... 5,000

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Secretary of Agriculture....... $ 8,000 Entomologist................... 2,500 Botanist....................... 2,000 Chemist........................ 2,500 Microscopist................... 2,000

NOTE.--For appointees consult any political almanac of this year.

UNITED STATES JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

The court holds annual sessions at Washington, commencing on the second Monday in October.

Appointed Date of Salary from Commission -------------------------------------------------------------------- Chief Justice Melville W. Illinois July 20, 1888 $10,500 Fuller Justice Stephen J. Field California Mar 10, 1863 10,000 Justice John M. Harlan Kentucky Nov 29, 1877 10,000 Justice Horace Gray Massachusetts Dec 20, 1881 10,000 Justice David J. Brewer Kansas Dec 18, 1889 10,000 Justice Henry B. Brown Michigan Dec 30, 1890 10,000 Justice George Shiras Pennsylvania Oct --, 1892 10,000 Justice Edward D. White Louisiana Feb --, 1894 10,000 Justice Rufus W. Peckham New York Dec --, 1893 10,000 Clerk of the Supreme Dist. of Columbia 1880 6,000 Court: James H. McKenny Marshal: John M. Wright Kentucky Jan 4, 1888 3,000 Reporter: J.C. Bancroft New York 1883 5,700 Davis

CIRCUIT COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES

(Salary of Circuit Judges $6,000 a year)

First Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Gray, Boston, Mass
Districts of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.
Circuit Judges--Le Baron B. Colt, R.I. 1884
Wm. L. Putnam, Me. 1892

Second Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Peckham, New York City.
Districts of Vermont, Connecticut and New York
Circuit Judges--Wm. J. Wallace, N.Y. 1882
E. Henry Lacombe, N.Y. 1888
Nathaniel Shipman, Ct. 1892

Third Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Shiras, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Districts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Circuit Judges--Marcus W. Acheson, Pa. 1891
Geo. M. Dallas, Pa. 1892

Fourth Judicial Circuit--Mr Chief Justice Fuller, Washington, D.C.
Districts of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North and South Carolina
Circuit Judges--Nathan Goff, W. Va. 1892
Charles H. Simonton, S.C. 1893

Fifth Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice White, New Orleans, La.
Districts of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
Circuit Judges--Don A. Pardee, La. 1881
A.P. McCormick, Tex. 1892

Sixth Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Harlan, Nashville, Tenn.
Districts of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee
Circuit Judges--William H. Taft, Ohio 1892
Horace H. Lurton, Tenn. 1893

Seventh Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Brown, Chicago, I11.
Districts of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin
Circuit Judges--William A. Woods, Ind. 1892
James G. Jenkins, Wis. 1893

Eighth Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Brewer, Leavenworth, Kan.
Districts of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Nebraska,
Colorado, North and South Dakota, Wyoming
Circuit Judges--Henry C. Caldwell, Ark. 1890
Walter H. Sanborn, Minn. 1892
Amos M. Thayer, Mo. 1892

Ninth Judicial Circuit--Mr Justice Field, San Francisco, Cal.
Districts of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, and Montana.
Circuit Judges--Joseph McKenna, Cal. 1892
William B. Gilbert, Ore. 1892

JUDGES OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS. (Salary, $5,000 a year.)

DISTRICTS. NAME. RESIDENCE. DATE OF COMMISSION Alabama: N. Mobile District John Bruce Montgomery Feb. 27, 1875 Southern " Harry T. Toulmin Mobile Dec. 14, 1886 Arkansas: Eastern District John A. Williams Pine Bluff -------- 1890 Western " John H. Rodgers Fort Smith California: Northern District W.W. Morrow San Francisco Southern " Olin Wellborn Los Angeles Colorado Moses Hallett Denver Jan. 20, 1877 Connecticut W.K. Townsend New Haven -------- 1892 Delaware Leonard E. Wales Wilmington Mar. 20, 1884 Florida: Northern District Charles Swayne Jacksonville Southern " James W. Locke Key West Feb. 1, 1872 Georgia: Northern District William T. Newman Atlanta Aug. 13, 1886 Southern " Emory Speer Savannah Feb. 18, 1885 Idaho J.H. Beatty Hailey -------- 1890 Illinois: Northern District P.S. Grosscup Chicago. Southern " William J. Allen Springfield April 18, 1887 Indiana John H. Baker Goshen -------- 1892 Iowa: Northern District Oliver P. Shiras Dubuque Aug. 14, 1882 Southern " John S. Woolson Keokuk Kansas Cassius G. Foster Topeka Mar. 10, 1874 Kentucky John W. Barr Louisville April 15, 1880 Louisiana: Eastern District Charles Parlange New Orleans Western " Aleck Boarman Shreveport May 18, 1881 Maine Nathan Webb Portland Jan. 24, 1882 Maryland Thomas J. Morris Baltimore July 1, 1879 Massachusetts Thomas L. Nelson Worcester Jan. 10, 1879 Michigan: Eastern District Henry H. Swan Detroit -------- 1890 Western " Henry F. Severens Kalamazoo May 25, 1886 Minnesota William Lochren Minneapolis -------- 1896 Mississippi (Two Districts) Henry C. Niles Jackson Missouri: Eastern District Elmer E. Adams St. Louis -------- 1896 Western " John F. Phillips -------- 1888 Montana Henry Knowles Helena -------- 1889 Nebraska W.D.M. Hugh Omaha Nevada T.P. Hawley Carson City New Hampshire Edgar Aldrich Littleton New Jersey A. Kirkpatrick Trenton New York Northern District Alfred C. Coxe Utica May 4, 1882 Southern " Addison Brown New York June 2, 1881 City Eastern " Charles L. Brooklyn Mar. 9, 1865 Benedict North Carolina: Eastern District Western " Robert P. Dick. Greensboro June 7, 1872 North Dakota C.F. Amidon Fargo -------- 1896 Ohio: Northern District A.J. Ricks Cleveland Southern " George R. Sage Cincinnati Mar. 20, 1883 Oregon C.B. Bellinger Portland Pennsylvania: Eastern District William Butler Philadelphia Feb. 19, 1879 Western " J. Buffington Pittsburgh -------- 1891 Rhode Island Arthur L. Brown Providence South Carolina W.H. Brawley Charleston -------- 1893 South Dakota John E. Carland Sioux Falls Tennessee: East & Mid. Dist. C.D. Clark Chattanooga Western District S. Hammond Memphis June 17, 1878 Texas: Eastern District D.E. Bryant Sherman Western " Thos S. Maxey Austin -------- 1888 Northern " John B. Rector Dallas Utah John A. Marshall Salt Lake City Vermont Hoyt H. Wheeler Jamaica Mar. 16, 1877 Virginia: Eastern District Robert W. Hughes Norfolk Jan. 14, 1874 Western " John Paul Harrisonburg Mar. 3, 1883 Washington C.H. Hanford Seattle -------- 1889 West Virginia John J.Jackson, Jr Parkersburg Aug. 3, 1861 Wisconsin: Eastern District W.H. Seaman Sheboygan -------- 1898 Western " Romanzo E. Bunn Madison Oct. 30, 1877 Wyoming John A. Riner Cheyenne -------- 1890

CORRESPONDING OFFICERS OF U.S. ARMY AND NAVY.

FIELD OFFICERS:

1 General, $13,500. 2 Lieutenant General, $11,000. 3 Major Generals, $7,500. 4 Brigadier Generals, $5,500.

REGIMENTAL OFFICERS:

5 Colonels, $3,500 to $4,500. 6 Lieutenant Colonels, $3,000 to $4,000. 7 Majors, $2,500 to $3,500.

COMPANY OFFICERS:

8 Captains, $1,800 to $2,800. 9 First Lieutenants, $1,500 to $2,240. 10 Second Lieutenants, $1,400 to $2,100

FLEET OFFICERS:

1 Admiral, $13,000. 2 Vice-Admiral, $9,000. 3 Rear Admirals, $6,000. 4 Commodores, $5,000.

SHIP OFFICERS:

5 Captains, $4,500 6 Commanders, $3,500. 7 Lieutenant Commanders, $2,800.

SUBORDINATE SHIP OFFICERS:

8 Lieutenants, $2,400 to $2,600. 9 Masters, $1,800 to $2,000. 10 Ensigns, $1,200 to $1,400.

For names of officers, see Political Almanac.

JUSTICES OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. (Names of the Chief Justices in italics)

SERVICE NAME TERM YEARS BORN DIED _John Jay_, N Y 1789 1795 6 1745 1829 John Rutledge, S C 1789 1791 2 1739 1800 William Cushing, Mass 1789 1800 21 1733 1810 James Wilson, Pa 1789 1798 9 1742 1798 John Blair, Va 1789 1796 7 1732 1800 Robert H Harrison, Md 1789 1790 1 1745 1790 James Iredell, N C 1790 1799 9 1751 1799 Thomas Johnson, Md 1791 1793 2 1732 1819 William Paterson, N J 1793 1806 13 1745 1806 _John Rutledge_, S C 1795 1739 1800 Samuel Chase, Md 1796 1811 15 1741 1811 _Oliver Ellsworth_, Ct 1796 1800 5 1745 1807 Bushrod Washington, Va 1798 1829 31 1762 1829 Alfred Moore, N C 1799 1804 5 1755 1835 _John Marshall_, Va 1801 1835 34 1771 1834 William Johnson, S C 1804 1834 30 1757 1823 Brock Livingston, N Y 1806 1823 17 1765 1826 Thomas Todd, Ky 1807 1826 19 1765 1826 Joseph Story, Mass 1811 1845 34 1770 1846 Gabriel Duval, Md 1811 1836 25 1732 1844 Smith Thompson, N Y 1823 1843 20 1767 1843 Robert Trimble, Ky 1826 1828 2 1777 1828 John McLean, Ohio 1829 1861 32 1785 1861 Henry Baldwin, Pa 1830 1844 16 1779 1844 James M Wayne, Ga 1835 1867 32 1790 1867 _Roger B Taney_, Md 1836 1864 28 1777 1864 Philip P Barbour, Va 1836 1841 5 1783 1841 John Catron, Tenn 1837 1865 28 1786 1865 John McKinley, Ala 1837 1852 15 1780 1852 Peter V Daniel, Va 1841 1860 19 1785 1860 Samuel Nelson, N Y 1845 1872 27 1792 1873 Levi Woodbury, N H 1845 1851 6 1789 1851 Robert C Grier, Pa 1846 1870 23 1794 1870 Benj R Curtis, Mass 1851 1857 6 1800 1874 John A Campbell, Ala 1853 1861 8 1811 1889 Nathan Clifford, Maine 1858 1881 23 1803 1881 Noah H Swayne, Ohio 1861 1881 20 1804 1884 Samuel F Miller, Iowa 1862 1890 28 1816 1890 David Davis, Ill 1862 1877 15 1815 1885 Stephen J Field, Cal 1863 1816 _Salmon P Chase_, Ohio 1864 1873 9 1808 1873 William Strong, Pa 1870 1880 10 1808 Joseph P Bradley, N J 1870 1892 22 1818 1892 Ward Hunt, N Y 1872 1882 10 1811 1886 _Morrison R Waite_, Ohio 1874 1888 14 1816 1888 John M Harlan, Ky 1877 1877 William B Woods, Ga 1880 1887 7 1824 1887 Stanley Matthews, Ohio 1881 1889 8 1824 1889 Horace Gray, Mass 1881 1828 Samuel Blatchford, N Y 1882 1893 11 1820 1893 Lucius Q C Lamar, Miss 1888 1993 5 1825 1893 _Melville W Fuller_, Ill 1888 1833 David J Brewer, Kan 1889 1837 Henry B Brown, Mich 1890 1836 George Shiras Jr, Pa 1892 1832 Howell D Jackson, Tenn 1893 1895 2 1832 1895 Edward D White, La 1893 1845 Rufus W Peckham 1895 1837

UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY AT WEST POINT.

Each Congressional District and Territory--also the District of Columbia-- is entitled to have one cadet at the Academy. There are also ten appointments at large, specially conferred by the President of the United States. The number of students is thus limited to three hundred and seventy-one.

Appointments are usually made one year in advance of date of admission, by the Secretary of War, upon the nomination of the Representative. These nominations may either be made after competitive examinations or given direct, at the option of the Representative. Appointees to the Military Academy must be between seventeen and twenty-two years of age, free from any infirmity which may render them unfit for military service, and able to pass a careful examination in reading, writing, orthography, arithmetic, grammar, geography, and history of the United States.

The course of instruction, which is quite thorough, requires four years, and is largely mathematical and professional. About one-fourth of those appointed usually fail to pass the preliminary examination, and but little over one-half the remainder are finally graduated. The discipline is very strict--even more so than in the army--and the enforcement of penalties for offences is inflexible rather than severe. Academic duties begin September 1 and continue until June 1. Examinations are held in each January and June.

From about the middle of June to the end of August cadets live in camp, engaged only in military duties and receiving practical military instruction. Cadets are allowed but one leave of absence during the four years' course, and this is granted at the expiration of the first two years. The pay of a cadet is five hundred and forty dollars per year. Upon graduating, cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants in the United States Army.

The Academy was established by act of Congress in 1802. An annual Board of Visitors is appointed, seven being appointed by the President of the United States, two by the President of the Senate, and three by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. They visit the Academy in June, and are present at the concluding exercises of the graduating class of that year.

UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY AT ANNAPOLIS.

There are allowed at the Academy one naval cadet for each Member or Delegate of the United States House of Representatives, one for the District of Columbia, and ten at large. The appointment of cadets at large and for the District of Columbia is made by the President. The Secretary of the Navy, as soon after March 5 in each year as possible, must notify in writing each Member and Delegate of the House of Representatives of any vacancy that may exist in his district. The nomination of a candidate to fill the vacancy is made, on the recommendation of the Member or Delegate, by the Secretary. Candidates must be actual residents of the districts from which they are nominated.

The course of naval cadets is six years, the last two of which are spent at sea. Candidates at the time of their examination for admission must be not under fifteen nor over twenty years of age, and physically sound, well formed, and of robust condition. They enter the Academy immediately after passing the prescribed examinations, and are required to sign articles binding themselves to serve in the United States Navy eight years (including the time of probation at the Naval Academy), unless sooner discharged. The pay of a naval cadet is five hundred dollars a year, beginning at the date of admission.

At least ten appointments from among the graduates are made each year. Surplus graduates who do not receive appointments are given a certificate of graduation, an honorable discharge, and one year's sea pay.

The Academy was founded in 1845 by the Hon. George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy in the administration of President Polk. It was formally opened October 10 of that year, with Commander Franklin Buchanan as Superintendent. During the Civil War it was removed from Annapolis, Md., to Newport, R.I., but was returned to the former place in 1865. It is under the direct supervision of the Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department.

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS FOR EACH DECADE WITH RATIOS.

[Transcriber's Note: This table went horizontally across two pages, so it's given in pieces, with line numbers, as some of the others were.]

+===+===============+========+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ | |Ratios |Consti- |33,900 |33,900 |35,000 |40,000 |47,000 | | | |tution | | | | | | | +===============+========+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ | |States |1787 |1790 |1800 |1810 |1820 |1830 | +===+===============+========+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ |1 |Alabama |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |8 |5 | |2 |Arkansas |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] | |3 |California |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |4 |Colorado |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |5 |Connecticut |5 |7 |7 |7 |6 |6 | |6 |Delaware |1 |1 |1 |2 |1 |1 | |7 |Florida |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |8 |Georgia |3 |2 |4 |6 |7 |9 | |9 |Idaho |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |10 |Illinois |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |8 | |11 |Indiana |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |3 |7 | |12 |Iowa |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |13 |Kansas |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |14 |Kentucky |.... |2[1] |6 |10 |12 |13 | |15 |Louisiana |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |3 |3 | |16 |Maine |.... |.... |.... |7[1] |7 |8 | |17 |Maryland |8 |8 |9 |9 |9 |8 | |18 |Massachusetts |8 |14 |17 |20 |13 |12 | |19 |Michigan |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] | |20 |Minnesota |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |21 |Mississippi |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |3 | |22 |Missouri |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |2 | |23 |Montana |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |24 |Nebraska |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |25 |Nevada |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |26 |New Hampshire |3 |4 |5 |6 |6 |5 | |27 |New Jersey |4 |5 |6 |6 |6 |6 | |28 |New York |6 |10 |17 |27 |34 |40 | |29 |North Carolina |5 |10 |12 |13 |13 |13 | |30 |North Dakota |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |31 |Ohio |.... |.... |1[1] |6 |14 |19 | |32 |Oregon |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |33 |Pennsylvania |8 |13 |18 |23 |25 |28 | |34 |Rhode Island |1 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | |35 |South Carolina |5 |6 |8 |9 |9 |9 | |36 |South Dakota |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |37 |Tennessee |.... |1[1] |3 |6 |9 |13 | |38 |Texas |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |39 |Utah |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |40 |Vermont |.... |2[1] |4 |6 |5 |5 | |41 |Virginia |10 |19 |22 |23 |22 |12 | |42 |Washington |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |43 |West Virginia |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |44 |Wisconsin |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |45 |Wyoming |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | +===+===============+========+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ |46 |Totals |65 |106 |142 |193 |213 |234 | +===+===============+========+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS FOR EACH DECADE WITH RATIOS.

[Transcriber's Note: Continued from previous table.]

+===+=======+=======+========+========+========+========+=======+ | |70,680 |93,420 |127,000 |131,425 |151,912 |173,901 |47,000 | | +=======+=======+========+========+========+========+=======+ | |1840 |1850 |1860 |1870 |1880 |1890 |1830 | +===+=======+=======+========+========+========+========+=======+ |1 |7 |7 |6 |8 |8 |9 |5 | |2 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |1[1] | |3 |2[1] |2 |3 |4 |6 |7 |.... | |4 |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |2 |.... | |5 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |4 |6 | |6 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 | |7 |1[1] |1 |1 |2 |2 |2 |.... | |8 |8 |8 |7 |9 |10 |11 |9 | |9 |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... | |10 |7 |9 |14 |19 |20 |22 |8 | |11 |10 |11 |11 |13 |13 |13 |7 | |12 |2[1] |2 |6 |9 |11 |11 |.... | |13 |.... |.... |1[1] |3 |7 |8 |.... | |14 |10 |10 |9 |10 |11 |11 |13 | |15 |4 |4 |5 |6 |6 |6 |3 | |16 |7 |6 |5 |5 |4 |4 |8 | |17 |6 |6 |5 |6 |6 |6 |8 | |18 |10 |11 |10 |11 |12 |13 |12 | |19 |3 |4 |6 |9 |11 |12 |1[1] | |20 |.... |2[1] |2 |3 |5 |7 |.... | |21 |4 |5 |5 |6 |7 |7 |3 | |22 |5 |7 |9 |13 |14 |15 |2 | |23 |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |.... | |24 |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |3 |6 |.... | |25 |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |1 |1 |.... | |26 |4 |3 |3 |3 |2 |2 |5 | |27 |5 |5 |5 |7 |7 |8 |6 | |28 |34 |33 |31 |33 |34 |34 |40 | |29 |9 |8 |7 |8 |9 |9 |13 | |30 |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |1 |.... | |31 |21 |21 |19 |20 |21 |21 |19 | |32 |.... |1[1] |1 |1 |1 |2 |.... | |33 |24 |25 |24 |27 |28 |30 |28 | |34 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | |35 |7 |6 |4 |5 |7 |7 |9 | |36 |.... |.... |.... |.... |2[1] |2 |.... | |37 |11 |10 |8 |10 |10 |10 |13 | |38 |2[1] |2 |4 |6 |11 |13 |.... | |39 |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |.... | |40 |4 |3 |3 |3 |2 |2 |5 | |41 |15 |13 |11 |9 |10 |10 |12 | |42 |.... |.... |.... |.... |1[1] |2 |.... | |43 |.... |.... |3[1] |3 |4 |4 |.... | |44 |2[1] |3 |6 |8 |9 |10 |.... | |45 |.... |.... |.... |.... |.... |1 |.... | +===+=======+=======+========+========+========+========+=======+ |46 |232 |246 |246 |293 |330 |357 |234 | +===+=======+=======+========+========+========+========+=======+

REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS FOR EACH DECADE WITH RATIOS.

[Transcriber's Note: The data below is from the same table, but can stand on its own.]

TABULAR VIEW OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT OF MINNESOTA

Senators/Representatives:
Created : Constitution.
How Chosen: By the People in Senatorial Districts.
Duties : Make Laws.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Vacancy : New Election.
Bonds : None.

Senators:
No. : 63
Duties : Try Impeachments, Confirm Appointments.
Term : 4 years.
Removal : 2/3 of Senate.
Salary : $5 a day and Mileage.

Representatives:
No. : 119
Duties : Impeach, Originate Revenue Bills.
Term : 2 years.
Removal : 2/3 of H. of R.
Salary : $5 a day and Mileage; Speaker, $10.

Governor/Lieutenant-Governor/State Auditor/State
Treasurer/Secretary of State/Attorney General:
Created : By the Constitution.
No. : 1
How Chosen: By the People of the State on a General Ticket.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : Impeachment by House of R. and Conviction by Senate.

Governor:
Duties : Execute Laws, Veto, Appointments, Pardons.
Term : 2 years.
Vacancy : Lieut.-Gov.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $5,000 a year.

Lieutenant-Governor:
Duties : Preside over Senate, Act as Governor in Vacancy.
Term : 2 years.
Vacancy : Not filled.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $10 a day during Leg.

State Auditor:
Duties : Book-Keeper, Examine Accounts, Warrants,
Land Commissioner.
Term : 4 years.
Vacancy : Appointment by Governor till next Election.
Bonds : $20,000
Salary : $3,600 a year.

State Treasurer:
Duties : Act as Custodian of State Funds.
Term : 2 years.
Vacancy : Appointment by Governor till next Election.
Bonds : $400,000
Salary : $3,500 a year.

Secretary of State:
Duties: Keep State Papers and Great Seal, Manual, Public Printing.
Term : 2 years.
Vacancy : Appointment by Governor till next Election.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $3,500 a year.

Attorney General:
Duties: Represent State in Suits, Legal Advice to other
State Officers.
Term : 2 years.
Vacancy : Appointment by Governor till next Election.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $3,500 a year.

State Supt. Pub. Inst./Public Examiner/State Librarian/Insurance
Commissioner/State Oil Inspector/Dairy Commissioner/:
Created : Except Librarian, by Statute.
No. : 1
How Chosen: Appointed by the Governor and Confirmed by the Senate.
Term : 2 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : By Governor after due Examination.
Vacancy : New Appointment made by Governor.

State Supt. Pub. Inst.:
Duties : Act as Chief Educational Officer, Secretary of
Educational Boards.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $2,500 a year.

Public Examiner:
Duties : Inspect Books, &c., of State and County Financial Officers.
Bonds : $50,000
Salary : $3,500 a year.

State Librarian:
Duties : Take care of State Library.
Bonds : $2,000
Salary : $2,000 a year.

R.R. Commissioners:
Created : By Statute.
No. : 3
Duties : Regulate Railroads and Warehouses, Appoint Grain
Inspectors.
How Chosen: Appointed by the Governor and Confirmed by the Senate.
Term : 2 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : By Governor after due Examination.
Vacancy : New Appointment made by Governor.
Bonds : $20,000 each.
Salary : $3,000 each.

Insurance Commissioner:
Duties : Authorize Operation of Insurance Companies.
Bonds : $5,000
Salary : $2,000 of Fees.

State Oil Inspector:
Duties : Render the Use of Illuminating Oils Safe.
Bonds : $5,000
Salary : Fees.

Dairy Commissioner:
Duties : Regulate Sale of Dairy Products.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $1,800 and Expenses.

Surveyors-General:
Created : By Statute.
No. : 7
Duties : Scale Logs, Record Marks, Secure Laborers' Liens.
How Chosen: Appointed by the Governor and Confirmed by the Senate.
Term : 2 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : By Governor after due Examination.
Vacancy : New Appointment made by Governor.
Bonds : $5,000
Salary : Fees.

Administrative Boards/Boards of Trustees:
Created : By Statute.
No. : Varies
How Chosen: Appointed as Above.
Term : Various.
Beginning : Specified in Appointment.
Removal : By Governor after due Examination.
Vacancy : New Appointment made by Governor.
Bonds : None.
Salary : None, except Sec.

Administrative Boards:
Duties : Immigration, Health, Fisheries, Charities, Taxes.

Boards of Trustees:
Duties : State Institutions, Educational, Charitable and Penal.

Justices of Supreme Court:
Created : Constitution.
No. : 5
Duties : Interpret Laws, Try Appealed Cases.
How Chosen: By People of State.
Term : 6 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : Impeachment and Conviction.
Vacancy : Same as Auditor, etc.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $5,000 a year.

Clerk of Supreme Court:
Created : Constitution.
No. : 1
Duties : Keep Records of Supreme Court.
How Chosen: By People of State.
Term : 4 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : Impeachment and Conviction.
Vacancy : Same as Auditor, etc.
Bonds : $1,000
Salary : $1,500 a year and fees.

Justices of District Courts:
Created : Constitution.
No. : 21
Duties : Establish Justice in Counties.
How Chosen: By People in Judicial Dist.
Term : 6 years.
Beginning : First Monday in January.
Removal : Impeachment and Conviction.
Vacancy : Same as Auditor, etc.
Bonds : None.
Salary : $3,500 a year.

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Studies in CivicsChapter LXIII: Appendix: B.--Tables (2)

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