Chapter IV: Tablet 29628, Plate 19, Hymn to Tammuz

Obverse

1. _šes-e tuš(KU)-e-na eri êr(A.ŠI)-ra na-nam_
To the brother whose dwelling is the city of weeping, thus:

2. _a-kala šes-e tab An-na_
The mightiness of the brother, the companion of Anu!

3. _a-kala à(ID)-ba en ^dimmer Dumu(TUR)-zi_
The mightiness of his power, the lord Tammuz!

4. _dumu(TUR) è(BIT)-gal-a-ni nu mu-un-su(SUD,SUG)-ga-mu_
The son whose temple is not far away!

5. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge(KIT) è(BIT) An-na-ka im-me_
The shining one of Ištar, who is in the house of Anu!

6. _mulu ú-sun-na-ge(KIT) nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one of plant-germination, who is not far away!

7. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge(KIT) za NANNA Unug(UNU)-^ki-ka im-me_
The shining one of Ištar, who is the NANNA-stone of Erech!

8. _mulu zib(KA)-ba-ra-ge(KIT) nu mu-un-su(SUD,SUG)-ga-mu_
The one of speech, who is not far away!

9. _bara-ka azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge(KIT) te ki-ka im-me_
In the temple, the shining one of Ištar, who is the foundation of
the land!

10. _mulu ka-áš-ka-sa-ge(KIT) nu mu-un-su(SUD,SUG)-ga-mu_
The one of much wine, who is not far away!

11. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge(KIT) šà(LIB)-mu ú-sun mu-un-si-mal(IG)_
The shining one of Ištar, whose heart is full of plant-production!

12. _mulu ḥul-mal(IG) nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one enduring evil, who is not far away!

13. _dimmer mutin(GEŠTIN) An-na-ge(KIT) kaš(BI)-ra-bi mu-un-šub(RU)_
The wine-god of Anu, to whom they present their offering!

14. _mulu ú-sun-na-ge(KIT) a-na-ám(A.AN) šú-ba ab-rù(UL)_
The one of plant-germination, what does his hand ordain!

15. _mulu zib(KA)-ba-ra-ge(KIT)_
The one of speech!

16. _mulu ka-áš-ka-sa-ge(KIT)_
The one of much wine!

17. _mulu ḥul-mal(IG) a-na-ám(A.AN) šú-ba ab-gin(DU)_
The one who endures evil, whither does his hand go!

18. _dimmer mutin(GEŠTIN) An-na-ge(KIT) PAḤÂDU sigišše-ra
mu-un-šub(RU)-bi_
The wine-god of Anu, to whom they offer the lamb of sacrifice!

19. _nim-me azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ra ì(KA) mu-un-na-ab-e-e_
The lofty one, the shining one of Ištar, to whom they speak!

20. _nim-me ki mu-lu ni ma-ra an-pad-de(NE) a-na mu-un-ba-e-e_
The lofty one of earth who is the abundance of the land, to whom
they speak! what do they say?

21. _è(BIT) kaš(BI)-a-ka è(BIT) gurun(KIL)-na-ka dumu(TUR) mu-lu azag
zu-ge(KIT) ne-ne mu-un-til-li_
In the house of wine, in the house of fruit, the son, the shining
one of wisdom, who indeed lives!

22. _nim-me azag dimmer mutin(GEŠTIN) An-na-ge(KIT) ì(KA)
mu-un-na-ab-e-e_
The lofty one, the shining one, the wine-god of Anu, to whom they
speak!

23. _nim-me ki šes ma-ra an-pad-de(NE) a-na-ám(A.AN) mu-un-ma-al_
The lofty one of earth, the brother of the land, to whom they speak!
what is it (that they say)?

Reverse

24. _è(BIT) kaš(BI)-a-ka è(BIT) gurun(KIL)-na-ka dumu(TUR) mulu azag
zu-ge(KIT) sigišše-sag tuk-a-na_
In the house of wine, in the house of fruit, the son, the shining
one of wisdom, who has a great sacrifice!

25. _ur-sag ^giš ku-a sag-mal-mal-ge(KIT)_
The hero of great weapons!

26. _dimmer mutin (GEŠTIN) An-na-qe(KIT) ú-sun-na saq-mal-mal-ge(KIT)_
The wine-god of Anu, the great plant-germinator!

27. _ú-sun gurun(KIL)-gurun(KIL) ú-sun gurun(KIL)-gurun(KIL) šes-mu
ú-sun gurun(KIL)-gurun(KIL)_
The germinator of many fruits, the germinator of many fruits, my
brother, the germinator of many fruits!

28. _ú-sun a-ra-li ú-sun gurun(KIL)-gurun(KIL) šes-mu ú-sun
gurun(KIL)-gurun(KIL)_
The germinator of the lower world, the germinator of many fruits, my
brother, the germinator of may fruits!

29. _in-nu gíš(UŠ) ^giš gu-ga-ge(KIT) tàl(ÁŠ)-ta-al-ta-al mu-ib-rá
(DU)-rá(DU)_
The vegetable-germinator, the only plant-begetter, who goeth forth!

30. _dumu(TUR) zi-ga-na ga-ni šà(LIB)-zi-zi mu-ib-rá(DU)_
The son of life; in his fulness, in the midst of life goeth.

31. _eš diš êr(A.ŠI)-lim(LIB)-ma ^dimmer Dumu-zi-da-kam_
Thirty lines. Hymn to Tammuz.

The salient phases of the rounded out Tammuz story are touched upon in this hymn; viz., his local dwelling in a city where he had a temple; the memorial weeping; his relation to Anu; his lordly power; his specification as “a brother”; his relation to the goddess Ištar; his characteristic and supreme function of plant-germination. Note also that he was the agricultural god of spring vegetation. Offerings of wine were poured out over his bier, he having been humbled to sorrow by banishment to the lower world, where he became a lord over the occult and internal forces inherent beneath the soil of the earth. So he became a god of a new life. The hymn does not seem altogether to confine the germinating work of Tammuz to the vegetation of spring growth, but appears, especially in the Reverse, to include fruit growing which might come later in the season. Possibly this hymn was sung as a dirge at Babylonian anniversaries for the departed Tammuz. The Babylonians at the time of the summer solstice annually commemorated with lamentation the departure of Tammuz to the lower world. He had instructed them that they should gather at his bier and that hired musicians should sing and play and that the people should sacrifice and drink wine.

Obverse

1. _šes-e tuš-e-na eri êr-ra na-nam_
To the brother whose dwelling is the city of weeping, thus:

_šes-e_: _šes_ same as _šis_ (Hymn to Sin, line 2). _e_ equals _ana_, “to” (Br. 5847).

_tuš-e-na_: _tuš_ equals _ašâbu_, “dwell” (Br. 10523). Probably the sign has the same value for _šubtu_, “dwelling” (Br. 10553). We have had the sign (KU) with the value _šù_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 15). _e_, vowel of prolongation. _na_, pronominal suffix (see Hymn to Adad, line 27).

_eri_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 13).

_êr-ra_: _êr_ (Hymn to Bêl, Colophon). _ra_, phonetic complement (Hymn to Bêl, line 3).

_na-nam_ equals _kîam_, “thus” (see Br. 1597 and Hymn to Adad, line 28). The words “O my brother” are represented in legend as being first uttered by the sister of Tammuz and then taken up by other mourners. Probably the custom of weeping for Tammuz originated in the city of Eridu.

2. _a-kala šes-e tab An-na_
The mightiness of the brother, the companion of Anu!

_a-kala_ is an abstract noun like _nam-kala_ which is equal to _dannûtu_ (Br. 6194). _a_ is an abstract prefix, as in A.DU, equal to _a-rá_, “going” (MSL. p. XVII). _kala_ equal _dannu_, “mighty” (Br. 6194).

_šeš-e._ See on _šes_ (line 1). _e_, probably sign of the genitive, if not merely a vowel of prolongation. It can certainly be a postposition (see on line 1).

_tab_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 6).

_An-na_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 3 and Hymn to Bêl, line 18). Tammuz was a companion of Gišzida in the dominion of Anu. Gišzida was also a god of vegetable growth. At a certain period of the year, Tammuz and Gišzida were stationed in companionship as attendants at the gate of heaven. Here the power of Tammuz to cause vegetation to grow began to be effective. He was, in the first days of his existence, a sun-god, and, stationed in heaven, the rays of his power were felt on earth. So, probably every year, at the time of spring growth, he was conceived of as operating from heaven like a sun.

3. _a-kala à-ba en ^dimmer Dumu-zi_
The mightiness of his power, the lord Tammuz!

_a-kala_ (see on line 2).

_à-ba_: _à_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 14). _ba_ (Hymn to Adad, line 25).

_en_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 19).

_^dimmer Dumu-zi_. _Dumu-zi_ means “son of life”. _Dumu_ (Hymn to Sin, line 5). _zi_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 23).

4. _dumu è-gal-a-ni nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The son whose temple is not far away!

_dumu_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 5, _ṭu-mu_).

_è-gal-a-ni_: _è-gal_ equals _êkallu_, “temple”, (Br. 6252). È.GAL, “great house”, is the common compound ideogram for “temple”, both in Sumerian and Assyrian. The Assyrian _êkallu_ is evidently the Sumerian _è_, plus _gal_ which is changed to _kal_. The word has passed over into Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic. _è_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 3). _gal_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 14). _è-gal_ is often followed by _la_; here, however, it is followed by _a_, showing that the phonetic use of _la_ and _a_ is quite similar. _ni_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 13).

_nu_ (Hymn to Sin, line 27).

_mu-un-su-ga-mu_ is a verb and seems to mean “who is far away”. The clause occurs also in lines 6, 8, 10 and 12, only that in lines 6 and 12 SU is used instead of SUD. _mu-un_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 17). _su_: SUD seems to equal _rûḳu_, “distant”, here. Yet when it is equal to _rûḳu_, it generally has the value _sud_ and is followed by the phonetic complement _da_; here it is followed by _ga_. So the value should be _sug_ or _su_. _mu_ is a relative suffix related to _mu_ of _mu-un_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 16).

5. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge è An-na-ka im-me_
The shining one of Ištar, who is in the house of Anu!

_azag_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 1).

_^dimmer Nanâ-ge_. _Nanâ_, also written _Nanna_, is the Sumerian name of Ištar. NANNU is sometimes written like RI which, when preceded by the god-sign, also equals “Ištar”. _ge_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 4).

_è_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 3).

_An-na-ka_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 4). _ka_ equals _nota genitivi_ (see Br. 551 and Hymn to Bêl, line 1).

_im-me_: _im_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 23). _me_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 16). Tammuz seems to be the shining one. The epithet “shining” is sometimes applied to gods, goddesses, kings, princes and others. The primary relation of Tammuz was that of lover. But in the lower world he made love to another. But each year during the season of vegetable growth he was supposed to be living with Ištar and during the season of vegetable decline he was supposed to be living with the other whom he loved in the regions below. The house of Anu might mean the temple of Anu, but the reference in this line is no doubt to heaven, over which Anu was lord and at whose portals Tammuz sometimes acted as porter.

6. _mulu ú-sun-na-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one of plant-germination, who is not far away!

_mulu_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 16).

_ú-sun-na-ge_: _ú-sun_ seems to be a compound noun meaning “plant-growing”. It occurs eight times in the hymn. _ú_ equals _šammu_, “plant” (Br. 6027). It is sometime a determinative before the name of a plant (Br. 6029). _sun_ means “irrigate” (MSL. 299). It is improbable that this sign is KIB. _ge_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 4).

_nu_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 27).

_mu-un-su-ga-mu_ (see line 4). _su_(SU) and _su_(SUD,SUG) are interchangeable (Br. 7593).

7. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge za NANNA Unug-ka im-me_
The shining one of Ištar, who is the NANNA-stone of Erech!

_azag ^dimmer Nana-ge_ (see on line 5).

_za_: the probable meaning of _za_ here is “stone” (see Hymn to Adad, line 13).

NANNA: there are no citations in Brünnow showing the meaning of NANNA when standing alone. _za_-NANNA-_di_ equals _mammû_, “snow”, and _za_-NANNA may mean “white stone”. If NANNA can equal UŠLANU-GUNÛ, then it can mean _nasâḳu_ (Br. 3019) and _za_-NANNA means “shining stone”. It may be that NANNA stands for UŠLANU-GUNÛ, then ZA.NANNA.UNU.KI could be equal to _Unug-^ki_ (Br. 11749), and the line would read _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge Unug-^ki-ka im-me_, “the shining one of Ištar of Erech he is”.

_Unug_: that _Unug_ is the correct value is shown by the phonetic complement _ga_ that often follows UNU. Erech, we know, was the city of Ištar (Br. 3023). _unu_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 2). _ka_ (line 5).

_im-me_ (see on line 5).

8. _mulu zib-ba-ra-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one of speech, who is not far away!

_mulu_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 16).

_zib-ba-ra-ge_: _zib-ba_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 16, _gu_). _ra_ must answer for vowel prolongation (Hymn to Bêl, line 3). _ge_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 4). “One of speech” must mean the god endowed with authoritative utterance on the subject of germination.

_nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_ (see on line 4).

9. _bara-ka azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge te ki-ka im-me_
In the temple the shining one of Ištar, who is the foundation of the
land!

_bara-ka_: _bara_ equals _parakku_, “dwelling room in the temple” (Br. 6878). _ka_ (line 5).

_azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge_ (line 5).

_te_ equals _temennu_, “foundation” (Br. 7710).

_ki-ka_: _ki_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 9). _ka_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 1).

_im-me_ (line 5).

10. _mulu ka-áš-ka-sa-ge nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one of much wine, who is not far away!

_mulu_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 16).

_ka-áš_ is evidently a phonetic representation of _kaš_(BI), cognate with _geš_ in _geštin_ and equal to _karânu_, “wine” (Br. 5121, 5004 and 5006).

_ka-sa-ge_: _ka-sa_ may be a phonetic form for _kas_ equal to _šinâ_, “two” (Br. 4459). Perhaps it would be better to consider _ka-áš ka-sa_ as a reduplication of _kaš_, as _kaš-kas(š)_ = “much wine”. _ge_ (Hymn to Adad, line 4). One form of the legend makes Tammuz the begetter of autumn vegetation. If so, he is the producer of much wine. More likely the meaning is that, on his account, much wine was offered in the service of lamentation at his departure.

_nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_ (see on line 4).

11. _azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge šà-mu ú-sun mu-un-si-mal_
The shining one of Ištar, whose heart is full of plant-production!

_azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ge_ (line 5).

_šà-mu_: _šà_ (Hymn to Sin, line 9, _šsag_). Relative _mu_ (see line 4).

_ú-sun_ (line 6).

_mu-un-si-mal._ _mu-un_ (see Hymn to Sin, line 17). _si_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 22). _mal_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 18). Plant growth is a matter of intelligent devising on the part of Tammuz.

12. _mulu ḥul-mal nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_
The one enduring evil, who is not far away!

_mulu_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 16).

_ḥul-mal_ equals _limnu_, “evil” (Br. 9508). _ḥul_ equals _limênu_, “be evil”. _mal_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 18).

_nu mu-un-su-ga-mu_ (line 6).

13. _dimmer mutin An-na-ge kaš-ra-bi mu-un-šub_
The wine-god of Anu, to whom they present their offering!

_mutin_ is “wood of life”, _mu_ being ES for _geš_, “wood”, and _tin_ being for _ti_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 16).

_An-na-ge_: _An-na_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 3). _ge_ (Hymn to Adad, line 4).

_kaš-ra-bi_: _kaš_ equals _šikaru_, “strong drink” (Br. 5126). _ra_ answers as a vowel of prolongation (Hymn to Bêl, line 3). If _ra_ were a postposition, it would follow the suffix _bi_ (on which see Hymn to Sin, line 27).

_mu-un-šub_: _mu-un_ (Hymn to Sin, line 17). _šub_ equals _nadû_ “cast down” (Br. 1434). RU signifies “bent down”. The attitude of the mourners may be noted.

14. _mulu ú-sun-na-ge a-na-ám šú-ba ab-rù_
The one of plant-germination, what does his hand ordain!

_mulu ú-sun-na-ge_ (see line 6).

_a-na-ám_ equals _minammi_ (Br. 11436) which is the same as _minû_ “what?” (Br. 11434). Note that _a-ba_ (Hymn to Adad, line 21) equals _mannu_, “who?”

_šú-ba_: _šú_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 25). _ba_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 25).

_ab-rù_: _ab_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 16). _rù_ (Hymn to Sin, line 14).

15. _mulu zib-ba-ra-ge_
The one of speech!

See line 8.

16. _mulu ka-áš-ka-sa-ge_
The one of much wine!

See line 10.

17. _mulu ḥul-mal a-na-ám šú-ba ab-gin_
The one who endures evil, whither does his hand go!

_mulu ḥul-mal_ (line 12).

_a-na-àm šú-ba_ (line 14).

_ab-gin_: _ab_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 16). _gin_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 23).

18. _dimmer mutin An-na-ge PAḤÂDU sigišše-ra mu-un-šub-bi_
The wine-god of Anu, to whom they offer the lamb of sacrifice!

_dimmer mutin An-ua-ge_ (line 13).

PAḤÂDU, Assyrian for “lamb”. The sign is PISANNU enclosing GÊSṬARÛ (Br. 5489). The Sumerian value of the sign is not known. Among the few citations in which the sign appears, a female lamb is mentioned (Br. 10946).

_sigišše-ra_: _sigišše_ equals _nîḳû_, “sacrifice”, and _ra_ answers as a vowel of prolongation which the sign takes (Br. 9092).

_mu-un-šub-bi_: _mu-un-šub_ (line 13). _bi_ is a phonetic complement.

19. _nim-me azag ^dimmer Nanâ-ra ì mu-un-na-ab-e-e_
The lofty one, the shining one of Ištar, to whom they speak.

_nim-me_: _nim_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 20). _me_, phonetic complement.

_azag_ (Hymn to Sin, line 1).

_^dimmer Nanâ-ra_: _^dimmer Nanâ_ (line 5). _ra_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 3).

_ì_ (Hymn to Adad, line 19).

_mu-un-na-ab-e-e_: _mu-un_ (Hymn to Sin, line 17). _na-ab_ is a verbal infix = “to him”, third person here (MSL. p. XXXII). _e-e_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 14).

20. _nim-me ki mu-lu ni ma-ra an-pad-de a-na mu-un-ba-e-e_
The lofty one of the earth who is the abundance of the land, to whom
they speak. What doth he say!

_nim-me_ (line 19).

_ki_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 9).

_mu-lu_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 20).

_ni_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 13).

_an-pad-de_: _an_ (Hymn to Adad, line 1). _pad_ (Hymn to Sin, line 10). _de_, phonetic complement.

_a-na_ equals _minû_, “what” (Br. 11434), the same as _a-na-ám_ (line 14).

_mu-un-ba-e-e_: _mu-un_ (Hymn to Sin, line 17). _ba_ may be used as an infix as well as a prefix (MSL. p. XXIV, and Hymn to Bêl, lines 24 and 25). _e-e_ (line 19).

21. _è kaš-a-ka è gurun-na-ka dumu mu-lu azag zu-ge ne-ne
mu-un-til-li_
In the house of wine, in the house of fruit, the son, the shining
one of wisdom, who indeed liveth!

_kaš-a-ka_: _kaš_ (line 13). _a_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 9). _ka_ (line 5).

_gurun-na-ka_: _gurun_ equals _inbu_, “fruit” (Br. 10179). _na_, phonetic complement. _ka_ (just explained).

_dumu_ (Hymn to Sin, line 5).

_mu-lu_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 20).

_azag_ (Hymn to Sin, line 1).

_zu-ge_: _zu_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 1). _ge_ (Hymn to Adad, line 4).

_ne-ne_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 21).

_mu-un-til-li_: _mu-un_ (Hymn to Sin, line 17). _til_ is probably the longer form of _ti_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 16).

22. _nim-me azag dimmer mutin An-na-ge ì mu-un-na-ab-e-e_
The lofty one, the shining one, the wine-god of Anu, to whom they
speak!

_nim-me azag_ (line 19).

_dimmer mutin An-na-ge_ (line 13).

_ì mu-un-na-ab-e-e_ (line 19).

23. _nim-me ki šes ma-ra an-pad-de a-na-ám mu-un-ma-al_
The lofty one of earth, the brother of the land, to whom they speak!
What doth his hand effect!

_nim-me ki_ (line 20).

_šes_ (line 1).

_ma-ra_ (Hymn to Sin, line 16).

_an-pad-de_ (line 20).

_a-na-ám_ (line 14).

_mu-un-ma-al_: _mu-un_ (Hymn to Sin, line 17). _ma-al_ is the verb (Hymn to Bêl, line 11).

Reverse

24. _è kaš-a-ka è gurun-na-ka dumu mulu azag zu-ge sigišše sag
tuk-a-na_
In the house of wine, in the house of fruit, the son, the shining
one of wisdom, who has a great sacrifice!

_è kaš-a-ka è gurun-na-nka dumu mulu azag zu-ge_ (line 21).

_sigišše_ (line 18).

_sag_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 5).

_tuk-a-na_: _tuk_ equals _išû_, “have” (Br. 11237). _a_, vowel of prolongation (Hymn to Bêl, line 9). _na_, suffix of the third person (Hymn to Bêl, line 1).

25. _ur-sag ^giš ku-a sag-mal-mal-ge_
The hero of great weapons!

_ur_ equals _amêlu_, “man” (Br. 11256).

_sag_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 5). _ur-sag_ means “head-man”, and is also equal to _ḳarradu_, “mighty one”.

_^giš ku-a_: _^giš_ equals _i⋅u_, “wood”, and is a determinative before names of things made of wood. _ku_ equals _bêlu_, “weapon”, perhaps sacrificial implements. _a_, vowel of prolongation.

_sag-mal-mal-ge_: _sag_ (just explained). _mal-mal_: PISANNU is dialectic for either MA.AL or IḲU and as a suffix makes an adjective of a noun (see Hymn to Bêl, lines 1 and 18). _ge_ (see Hymn to Adad, line 4).

26. _dimmer mutin An-na-ge ú-sun-na sag-mal-mal-ge_
The wine god of Anu, the great plant-germinator!

_dimmer mutin An-na-ge_ (line 13).

_ú-sun-na_ (line 6).

_sag mal-mal-ge_ (line 25).

27. _ú-sun gurun-gurun ú-sun gurun-gurun šes-mu ú-sun gurun-gurun_
The germinator of many fruits, the germinator of many fruits, my
brother, the germinator of many fruits!

_ú-sun_ (line 6).

_gurun-gurun_, plural form of _gurun_ (line 21).

_šes-mu_: _šes_ (line 1). _mu_ (Hymn to Adad, line 16).

28. _ú-sun a-ra-li ú-sun gurun-gurun šes-mu ú-šun gurun-gurun_
The germinator of the lower world, the germinator of many fruits, my
brother, the germinator of many fruits!

_ú-sun_ (line 6).

_a-ra-li_ has passed over into Assyrian as _arallû_, “lower world”. _a-ra-li_ is phonetic. There is a sign, URUGAL, translated by _arallû_. URUGAL consists of the “enclosure” sign containing the sign GAL and means “great house”. _è-kur-be_ is also translated by _arallû_ and is equal to _bît mûti_, “house of the dead” (Br. 6259); more literally the meaning is “house of the land of the dead”.

_ú-sun gurun-gurun šes-mu_ (line 27).

29. _in-nu gíš ^giš gu-ga-ge tàl-ta-al-ta-al mu-ib-rá-rá_
The vegetable germinator(?), the only plant begetter, who goeth
forth!

_in-nu_ might equal _tibnu_, “straw”, “vegetation” (Br. 4231). Perhaps it would be better to take _in-nu_ as a verb meaning “he is the one who”, _in_ being a verbal prefix and _nu_ the verbal stem in the sense of _zikaru_ (Br. 1964), as in _nu-banda_ (MSL. 264).

_gíš_: UŠ with the value _gíš_ equals _riḥû_, “beget” (Br. 5042).

_^giš gu-ga-ge_: _^giš_ (see line 25). _gu_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 20). _ga_ answers as a vowel of prolongation. _ge_ (Hymn to Adad, line 4).

_tàl-ta-al-ta-al_: _tàl_ is the value of ÁŠ required by the phonetic gloss _ta-al-ta-al_.

_mu-ib-rá-rá_: _mu_ (see Hymn to Bêl, line 18). _ib_ is a modal verbal infix (MSL. p. XXIV). _rá_ is a value of DU (see Hymn to Adad, line 21, _gin_).

30. _dumu zi-ga-na ga-ni šà-zi-zi mu-ib-rá_
The son of life, his fulness in the midst of life goeth forth.

_dumu_ (Hymn to Sin, line 5).

_zi-ga-na_: _zi_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 23). _ga_ serves for vowel prolongation. _na_ is postpositional.

_ga-ni_: _ga_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 12). _ni_ may be taken as the possessive suffix of the third person.

_šà-zi-zi_: _šà_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 22). _zi_ (just explained).

_mu-ib-rá_ (see line 29).

31. _eš diš êr-lim-ma ^dimmer Dumu-zi-da-kam_
Thirty lines. Hymn to Tammuz.

_eš_: GÊŠPÛ with the value _eš_ means “thirty”. _diš_ is frequently a determinative before proper names, but here seems to mean “line”.

_êr lim-ma_ (see Hymn to Bêl, colophon).

_^dimmer Dumu-zi-da-kam_: _^dimmer Dumu-zi_ (line 3). _da_ (Hymn to Bêl, line 4). _kam_ (Hymn to Sin, line 27).

Glossary

A
Page
_aba_ 66
_abba_ 65
_abgin_ 77
_abdamên_ 35
_abrù_ 76
_azaggi_ 53
_akad_ 37
_akazušù_ 62
_akala_ 73
_ama_ 29
_amânkiga_ 60
_ana_ 77
_ana-ám_ 76
_anzakku_ 58
_Annaka_ 74
_anpadde_ 78
_anšàgga_ 48
_arali_ 79
_Ašsuḥud_ 46
_àba_ 73
_àma_ 62
_àme_ 34
_â_ 26
_âzu_ 47

I
_i_ 51
_ibmalla_ 60
_ide_ 28
_izba_ 41
_im_ 42
_iminnabimeš_ 64
_imdasiggi_ 62
_immîndul_ 62
_imsi_ 53
_ir_ 33
_ì_ 65
_ìd_ 53

E
_e_ 51
_ebi_ 54
_elum_ 37
_en_ 38
_enab_ 40
_Enzu_ 55
_Enlillá_ 46
_erimna_ 29
_erita_ 69
_éš_ 48
_ègalani_ 73
_Ènernugal_ 45
_èta_ 69
_ê-ani_ 69
_êgâ_ 48
_êrra_ 72

U
_u_ 38
_udda_ 61
_Udkibnunnage_ 53
_ukugalla_ 61
_ummešilálá_ 64
_ummešisisi_ 64
_Unugka_ 75
_ursag_ 79
_uršazu_ 62
_úsunnage_ 74
_ùme-ám_ 68
_ùmu-egul_ 68
_ùmu-ese_ 68
_ùmúne_ 26
_ùnêla_ 30
_û_ 64
_ûgalla_ 61
_ûdêš_ 51
_ûsuddu_ 52

B
_ba-ediḥuláḥe_ 63
_Babbarêta_ 35
_Babbaršušù_ 35
_bagantallá_ 65
_banîbag_ 41
_banda_ 69
_baraka_ 75
_barru-a_ 61
_bartabba_ 60
_bašînag_ 68
_bišaggazune_ 49
_bur_ 68

G
_ga_ 33
_gaba_ 29
_galgale_ 67
_gannu_ 31
_garrani_ 69
_gašân_ 36
_gigga_ 28
_ginnaginna_ 66
_giš_ 79
_gíg_ 67
_gín_ 41
_gíš_ 80
_gešni_ 68
_gugage_ 80
_gurunnaka_ 78
_gúrra_ 39
_gù_ 31

D
_da_ 40
_damalra_ 32
_damâlla_ 33
_dizuka_ 65
_dimmer_ 26
_dimmerrine_ 38
_dugdugga_ 68
_Dumuzi_ 73
_dú_ 32
_dù_ 34

Z
_za_ 62
_za-egin_ 67
_zada_ 37
_zal_ 32
_zibbarage_ 75
_zigazuni_ 47
_zigi-en_ 66
_zidazu_ 68
_zuge_ 78

Ḥ
_ḥa-e_ 39
_ḥadê-a_ 58
_ḥamunîbnene_ 39
_ḥarra_ 69
_ḥàrḥara_ 65
_ḥu-e_ 39
_ḥulmal_ 76
_ḥùlla_ 50

Ṭ
_ṭumu_ 46
_ṭúra_ 39

K
_ka_ 41
_kalamma_ 61
_kašaka_ 78
_kašrabi_ 76
_kâškasage_ 75
_kibala_ 67
_kika_ 75
_ku-a_ 79
_kurkurra_ 27

L
_laḥna_ 32
_láḥe-a_ 54
_lid_ 49
_limma_ 42
_lugalra_ 51
_luḥ_ 66

M
_ma_ 30
_maḥ_ 54
_manîbsi_ 40
_mara_ 50
_mámên_ 38
_màgur_ 44
_màdim_ 48
_me-a_ 41
_melamzu_ 38
_Merri_ 64
_mu-ibrárá_ 80
_mu-egin_ 40
_mu-edamal_ 37
_mu-ešînmaš_ 50
_mubi_ 42
_muduru_ 51
_muzu_ 58
_muḥba_ 68
_muḥzušù_ 67
_muḥnašù_ 68
_mulu_ 64
_munîbnene_ 39
_muradûd_ 66
_mutin_ 76
_mûdna_ 32
_Mûllilli_ 40
_Mûllilra_ 47
_mûnê_ 51
_mûnba-e-e_ 78
_mûndânaka_ 63
_mûnmâl_ 78
_mûnnâbe-e_ 77
_mûnsimal_ 76
_mûnsugamu_ 74
_mûnrùrùrù_ 61
_mûnšubbi_ 77
_mûntilli_ 78

N
_nanam_ 72
_Nanâra_ 77
_ná_ 67
_nà-a_ 31
_nâmga_ 41
_nâmzuka_ 24
_nâni_ 34
_ni_ 77
_nimgir_ 66
_nimme_ 77
_ninzu_ 37
_Ninlil_ 62
_nišia_ 42
_nì_ 37
_nìkige_ 59
_nìtena_ 25
_nîngú_ 50
_nînru_ 52
_nene_ 78
_nesig_ 31
_nêla_ 41
_nu_ 54
_Nudimmude_ 52
_nunuzám_ 33
_nûmti_ 36

S
_sagezi_ 40
_sagmalmalge_ 79
_sagmâl_ 32
_salduggazune_ 50
_salzi_ 50
_siba_ 28
_siba-e_ 40
_sigišše_ 79
_síggazune_ 47
_silimmâni_ 33
_su_ 68
_sug_ 54
_sušišù_ 66

P
_padazune_ 48
PAḤÂDU 77

Ḳ
_ḳarra_ 31

R
_rù_ 66
_rùti-azu_ 49

Š
_šá_ 37
_šàzizi_ 80
_šàmu_ 76
_šànì_ 39
_Šisunukima_ 45
_Šiskima_ 54
_še_ 38
_šesmu_ 79
_šêrmal_ 25
_šêrmâllazune_ 47
_šú_ 41
_šú-ummeti_ 67
_šúba_ 77
_šúgil_ 42
_šúza_ 52

T
_tàltaltal_ 80
_tišù_ 41
_te_ 75
_tega_ 66
_tuggim_ 62
_tukana_ 79
_turture_ 67
_turturzu_ 68
_tušena_ 72

Footnotes

[1]_^dingir En-lil lugal kur-kur-ra En-šag-kuš-an-na en Ki-en-gi
nig_(NI)_-ga Kîš-^ki ḥul-šag a-mu-na-šub_ (OBI. Nos. 90 and 92).

[2]_^dingir Nin-gir-su gud ^dingir En-lil-lá-ra Uru-ka-gi-na lugal
Šir-la-pur-^ki-ge è-ni mu-na-ru_ (Clercq II, Pl. viii, Col. I).

[3]_E-an-na-tum pa-te-si Šir-la-^ki-pur-ge mu-pad-da ^dingir En-lil-ge_
(Galet A, Col. I. See Déc. XLIII).

[4]_En-teme-na dumu En-an-na-tum_ (Lines 3 and 10. See Déc. XLVII).

[5]_^dingir En-lil lugal kur-kur-ra ab-ba dingir-dingir-ru-ne-ge_ (Cone
of Entemena, Col. I, 1-3. See Déc. XLVII).

[6]_En-teme-na pa-te-si Šir-la-pur-^ki pa sum-ma ^dingir En-lil-lá_
(Cone of Entemena, Col. V, 19-23. See Déc. XLVII).

[7]_Me-silim lugal Kîš-^ki-ge_ (Cone of Entemena, Col. I, 8-9. See Déc.
XLVII).

[8]_ka ^dingir En-lil-lá-ta sa-u-gal ne-u má_(SAR)_-dul-tak-bi edin-na
ki-ba ni-uš-uš_ (Cone of Entemena, Col. I, 28-31. See RAAO. Vol. IV,
Plate II).

[9]_^dingir En-lil lugal kur-kur-ra Lugal-zag-gi-si lugal Unug-^ki-ga
nam-lugal kalam-ma e-na-sum-ma-a_ (OBI. No. 87, Col. I, 1-4 and
39-41).

[10]_^dingir Babbar lugal zal sig-ga-ka_ (see Déc. XXXVIII, Fragment D¹,
middle of the Fragment).

[11](56b) XVIII _amat ga-ga-ri_ (57) _ú-šap-pi-il-ma te-me-en-na
Na-ràm-^ilu Sin_(EŠ) _mâr Šar-ukin_ (58) _šá_ III M II C _šânâte
ma-na-ma šarru a-lik maḥ-ri-ia la i-mu-ru_ (59) _^ilu Šamaš belu
rabu-ú È-bar-ra_ (60) _ú-kal-lim-an-ni ia-a-ši_ (V R. 64, Col. II).

[12]_^dingir En-lil-li En-li-^ki-ta En-te-me-na-ra mu-na-šub_ (OBI. No.
116).

[13]_En-lil-^ki nu-du È-kur-ra nu-dim Unug-^ki nu-du È-an-na nu-dim
zu-ab nu-du Nun-^ki nu-dim_ (CT. XIII, Tablet 82-5-22, 1048. Plate
35, lines 6, 7 and 8).

[14]_^ilu Šar-ga-ni-šar-âli mâr Itti-^ilu Bêl da-num šâr A-ga-de-^ki bân
È-kur bît Bêl in Nippur-^ki_ (OBI. No. 2).

[15]_^ilu Naràm-^ilu Sin bâni bît ^ilu Bêl_ (OBI. 4).

[16]_^ilu Bêl_ (EN.LIL) _be-el šá-me-e ù ir-⋅i-tim šá-i-im ši-ma-at
mâtim_ (KALAM) (Col. I, 3-7. See CḤ. Plate I).

[17]_^ilu Bêl_ (EN.LIL) _a-bu ilâni ^ilu Bêl_ (EN) _mâtâte_ (KUR.KUR) (I
R. 9, Col. I, 3-4).

[18](21b) _a-na šarru-ut_ (22) _mât ^ilu Bêli_ (EN.LIL) _rabi-eš
tu-kin-na-šú_ (I R. 9, Col. I).

[19](15) _kur-gal ^dingir En-lil-lá im-ḥar-sag gû-bi an da-ab-di-a zu-ab
azag-ga-bi_ (16) _suḥ-bi uš-uš-e apin-apin-e_ (19) _kur-kur-ra ama
ban-da ba-da nà-a-dim_ (21) _si še-ir-zi si ^dingir Babbar
mul-mul-la-dim_ (23) _mul an-na dil-bad-du i-si-iš lal-a-dim_ (K.
4898. IV R. 27, No. 2).

[20]_be-el mâtâte_ (KUR.KUR) _šumi_(MU)_-šu it-ta-bi a-bi ^ilu Bêl_
(EN.LIL) (K. 8522. Rev. 13. CT. XIII. Plate 27).

[21](17) ... _gi-ši-ma gi-dir i-de-na-a nam-mi-ni-in-kešda ^ilu Marduk
a-ma-am ina pa-an me-e ir-ku-us_ (18) _saḥar-ra ni-mù-a ki a-dag
nam-mi-in-dub e-pi-ri ib-ni-ma it-ti a-mi iš-pu-uk_ (20)
_nam-lù-gišgal-lu ba-ru a-me-lu-ti ib-ta-ni_ (22) _bir-anšu
nig-zi-gal edin-na ba-ru bu-ul ⋅êri ši-kin na-piš-ti ina ⋅i-e-ri
ib-ta-ni_ (23) _ìd Idigna ìd Puranunu me-dim ki gar-ra-dim Diglat ù
Puratta ib-ni-ma ina aš-ri iš-ku-un_ (24) _mu-ne-ne-a nam-duga
mi-ni-in-sá-a šum-ši-na ṭa-biš im-bi_ (Tablet 82-5-22, 1048. CT.
XIII. Plate 36).

[22](47) _^dimmer Mu-ul-lil-lá-ra id-kal_ (48) _su-zi me-lam gur-ru ud
al-tar_ (49) _im-ḥuš ri-a-bi_ (52) _u ^dimmer_ DUN.PA.UD.DU.A_-ra
id-kal_ (53) _nam-tar gu-la im-ḥuš ri-a-bi_ (56) _mu-lu lìl a-a
damal muḥ-na id-kal_ (58) _sa-šú-uš-gal ki bal-a šu-šu_ (60) _u
ur-sag gal-e id-kal_ (61) _è gi gur-ru mulu êrìm-ma šu-šu_ (62)
_azag gašan En-lil-ki-a-ra id-kal_ (63) _am ši ka-nag-gà maš-su
ki-in-gi-ra_ (K. 4980. IV R. 27, No. 4).

[23](Col. XLI, 99) _a-mâ_(PI)_-tu-ú-a na-aš-ga_ (Col. XLII, 18) _šum-ma
a-mè_(PI)_-lum_ (19) _a-mâ_(PI)_-ti-ia_ (22) _la i-gul--ma_ (53)
_^ilu Bêl_ (EN.LIL) _be-lum_ (54) _mu-ši-im ši-ma-tim_ (55) _šá
ki-bè_(NE)_-zu_ (56) _la ut-ta-ka-ru_ (57) _mu-šar-bu-ù_ (58)
_šar-ru-ti-ia_ (62) _i-na šú-ub-ti-šú_ (63) _li-šá-ab-bi-ḥa-aš-šum_
(Col. XLIII, 41) _^ilu Sin_ (EN.ZU) _be-el šá-me-e_ (42) _ilum_(AN)
_ba-ni-i_ (43) _šá še-ri-zu_ (44) _i-na ili_(NI.NI) _šú-pa-a-al_
(45) _agâm kussâm šá šar-ru-tim_ (46) _li-te-ir-šú_ (CḤ. Plates
LXXVI, LXXVII and LXXIX).

[24](Col. XLII, 18a) _šum-ma a-mè_(PI)_-lum_ (19) _a-mâ_(PI)_-ti-ia_
(22) _la i-gul-ma_ (Col. XLIII, 64) _^ilu Adad be-el ḥêgallim_ (65)
_gu-gal šá-me-e_ (66) _ù ir-⋅i-tim_ (67) _ri-zu-ú-a_ (68) _zu-ni
i-na šá-me-e_ (69) _mi-lam_ (70) _i-na na-aḳ-bi-im_ (71)
_li-te-ir-šú_ (72) _ma-zu_ (73) _i-na ḥu-šá-aḥ-ḥi-im_ (74) _ù
bu-bu-tim_ (75) _li-ḥal-li-iḳ_ (76) _e-li ali-šú_ (77) _iz-zi-iš_
(78) _li-is-si-ma_ (79) _ma-zu a-na til a-bu-bi-im_ (80) _li-te-ir_
(CḤ. Plates LXXVI, LXXIX and LXXX).

[25](Col. VII, 75b) _libnâti al-bi-in_ (76) _ḳaḳ-ḳar-su ú-mi-si_ (77)
_dan-na-su ak-šud uš-še-e-šú_ (78) _i-na eli ki-⋅ir šadi-i dan-ni
ad-di_ (79) _aš-ra šá-a-tu a-na si-ḥir-ti-šú_ (80) _i-na libnâti
ki-ma ka-nu-ni aš-pu-uk_ (81) _L ti-ip-ki a-na šú-pa-li_ (82)
_ú-ṭi-bi i-na muḥ-ḥi-šú_ (83) _uš-še bît ^ilu A-nim ù ^ilu Ramman_
(84) _šá bu-u-li ad-di_ (85) _iš-tu uš-še-šú a-di taḥ-lu-bi-šú_ (86)
_e-bu-uš eli maḥ-ri-e ut-tir_ (87) II _si-ḳur-ra-te rabu-te_ (88)
_šá a-na si-mat ilu-ti-šú-nu rabi-te_ (89) _šú-lu-ka lu-ú ab-ni-ma_
(I R. 15).

[26](Col. VIII, 23) _^ilu A-nim ù ^ilu Rammânu (24) ki-niš
li-siḥ-ru-ni-ma (25) ni-iš ḳa-ti-ia li-ra-mu (26) te-me-iḳ
iḳ-ri-be-ia liš-me-ú (27) zu-ú-ni da-aḥ-du-te šá-na-at (28) nu-uḥ-še
ù bar-ri-e a-na pali-ia (29) liš-ru-ku_ (I R. 16).

[27](Col. I, 45) _^ilu Rammânu zunni-šu ú-maš-ši-ra ^ilu È-a û-paṭ-ṭi-ra
naḳbu-šu (46) ḥanšu ana ammatu še-am iš-ḳu ina abšeni-šu (47)
e-ri-ik šú-bul-tu parab ana ammatu (48a) išir eburu (50) šú-um-mu-ḥa
in-bu_ (V R. 1).

[28](38b) _^ilu Rammânu i-na ri-ḥi-i⋅ (39) li-mu-ti li-ir-ḥi-su a-bu-bu
(40) šaru limnu sa-aḥ-ma-aš-tu te-šú-ú (41) a-šam-šú-tu su-un-ḳu
bu-bu-tu (42) a-ru-ur-tu ḥu-šá-ḥu i-na mâti-šú lu ka-ia-an mâti-šu
a-bu-bi-iš lu-uš-ba-i (43) a-na tili u kar-mi lu-ti-ir ^ilu Rammânu
i-na be-ri-šú li-mu-ti mâti-šu li-ib-ri_ (IV R. 39, Rev.).

[29](9b) _an mu-un-da-ùr-ùr_ (10) _be-lum ina a-ga-gi-šu ša-mu-ú
i-ta-na-ar-ra-ru-šú_ (11) _^dimmer Mer šur-ra-na ki
ši-in-ga-bul-bul_ (12) _^ilu Rammânu ina e-zi-zi-šu ir-⋅i-tum
i-na-as-su_ (13) _ḥar-sag gal-gal-e šà-ka-a ba-an-na-ḳu-eš_ (14)
_ša-du-ú ra-bu-tu su-uḥ-ḥu-pu-šu_ (15) _ib-ba-bi-ta šur-ra-bi-ta_
(16) _a-na a-ga-gi-šu a-na e-zi-zi-šu_ (17) (?)_-ge-bi-ta
ḥar-du-bi-ta_ (18) _a-na šá-gi-mi-šu a-na ra-mi-mi-šu_ (19)
_dim-me-ir an-na-ge an-na ba-an-dul-du-ne_ (20) _ilâni ša ša-me-e
a-na šam-e i-te-lu-u_ (21) _dim-me-ir ki-ge ki-a ba-an-búl-ne-eš_
(22) _ilâni ša ir-⋅i-tim a-na ir-⋅i-tim i-te-ir-bu_ (23) _^dimmer
Babbar an úr-ra ba-da-šu-šu-ru_ (24) _ina i-šid šame-e i-te-ru-ub_
(25) _^dimmer Siš-^ki an pa-šù ba-da-kabar_ (26) _ina e-lat šame-e
ir-ta-bi_ (IV R. 28, 2).

[30](46) _a-na ^ilu Dumu-zi ḥa-mi-ri ⋅u-_[_uḥ-_]_ri-ti-ki_ (47) _šat-ta
a-na šat-ti bi-tak-ka-a tal-ti-miš-šu_ (BN. Tafel VI).

[31](23) _il-lak i-lak ana i-rat ir-⋅i-tim_ (25) _uš-ta-bar-ri ^ilu
Šamaš ir-ta-bi-šu ana ir-⋅i-tim mi-tu-ti_ (27) _ni-iz-za-tu ma-li
i-na û-um im-ḳu-tu-ma ina i-dir-tim_ (IV R. 30, 2).

[32](49) _tam-ḥa-⋅i-šú-ma kap-pa-šú tal-te-bir_ (50) _iz-za-az ina
ḳi-ša-tim i-šis-si_ _kap-pi_ (BN. Tafel VI).

[33](51) _ta-ra-mi-ma nêšu ga-mi-ir e-mu-ki_ (52) 7 _u_ 7
_tu-uḥ-tar-ri-iš-šu šú-ut-ta-a-ti_ (BN. Tafel VI).

[34](47) _a-na ^ilu Dumu-zi ḥa-mir ⋅i-iḥ-ru-ti-ša_ (48) _mê il-lu-ti
ra-am-me-ik šamnu ṭâbu_ (from Ištar’s Descent into Hades. K. 162.
Reverse. CT. XV, Plate 47. Also IV R. 31).

[35](55) _a-ḥi e-du la ta-ḥab-bil-an-ni_ (from Ištar’s Descent into
Hades. K. 162. Reverse. CT. XV, Plate 47. Also IV R. 31).

[36](56) _ina û-me ^ilu Dumu-zi el-la-an-ni malil ^abnu uḳni ^abnu sâmti
it-ti-šu el-la-an-ni_ (57) _it-ti-šu el-la-an-ni ^amelu_ ÊR (A.ŠI)
_^pl. u ^zinništu_ ÊR (A.ŠI) _^pl._ A.ŠI (58) _mituti li-lu-nim-ma
ḳuṭ-ri-in li-i⋅-⋅i-nu_ (from Ištar’s Descent into Hades. K. 162.
Reverse. CT. XV, Plate 47. Also IV R. 31).

[37](2) _a-na ša-me-e i-na e-li-šú a-na ba-ab ^ilu A-ni i-na ṭe-ḥe-šú_
(3) _i-na ba-a-bu ^ilu A-ni ^ilu Dumu-zi ^ilu Giš-zi-da iz-za-az-zu_
(from the Legend of Adapa and the South Wind. TEA. Vol. III, 240.
Rev.).

Transcriber’s Notes

--This eBook was prepared from a facsimile of the edition published by
the AM PRESS, INC., New York, 1966.

--A few typographical errors or inconsistent spellings were corrected.

--An original cover image was produced, for unrestricted distribution
with this Distributed-Proofreaders eBook.

--In the text version only, delimited italicized text within
_underscores_.

--In the text version only, determinatives (words printed in
superscript) are preceded by a caret (^) character.

End of Project Gutenberg's Sumerian Hymns, by Frederick Augustus Vanderburgh