Chapter IV: Part 4

Dist.|A.
|
66|=Abbots Ann=, Hants, 101, a parish and market town, containing 85
|houses, and 457 inhabitants.
|
71|Abbots Wood, Hants, 85.
|
72|Abbots Wood Common, Hants, 86.
|
68|Acol, Kent, 12.
|
176|Adderwater, Devon, 147.
|
203|Alder, Devon, 151.
|
|Alderbury, Wilts, 209. This village is pleasantly situated on a
|healthy hill, in a good sporting country. In 1777 a fire here
|destroyed 100 houses. It now contains 78 houses, and 430
|inhabitants.
|
104|Alfred’s Tower, Wilts, 172, a monument erected to Alfred the
|Great, who, in 878, fixed his standard against the Danish invaders
|on this spot. (_See Index of Seats, Stourhead House_)
|
135|Allington, Dorset, 111. A parish containing 63 houses, and 716
|inhabitants.
|
174|Alphington, Devon, 117. A parish containing 98 houses, and 845
|inhabitants.
|
57|=Alresford=, Hants, 83. A parish and market town. The name
|signifies the Ford of Alre. The river on which it is situated now
|called the Itching, rises at no great distance. The church, a very
|neat structure, with a beautiful tower, was taken down and rebuilt
|in 1753. The parsonage house is a handsome edifice, rebuilt by the
|late Chancellor Hoadley. Here is a large pond, covering near 200
|acres of ground, which being well stocked with swans, and other
|water fowl, presents a pleasing appearance. It contains about 196
|houses, and 1132 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.
|
220|Alternan, Cornwall, 153.
|
47|=Alton=, Hants, 82, 95. A market town and parish, situated on the
|river Wey. The town consists of three streets; the principal one
|is wide and modern, and it has a small neat church. Its chief
|manufactures are druggets, serges, and a variety of worsted goods;
|in the neighbourhood are several hop plantations. The market is on
|Saturday, and the parish contains 375 houses, and 2026
|inhabitants.
|
48|Alton Buffs, Hants, 82.
|
122|Alvington, Somerset, 141.
|
78|=Amesbury=, Wilts, 161. A market town and parish, pleasantly
|situated in an open country on the river Avon; and is of some
|antiquity, having the ruins of a venerable abbey.
|
|The town consists principally of two streets, the church standing
|in the intersection. It contains 397 houses, and 2130 inhabitants.
|Market on Friday. This place gave birth to the celebrated Mr.
|Addison. The neighbourhood produces the best kind of clay for
|tobacco pipes, and the river a delicious little fish, called a
|loach. Near Amesbury is a Roman camp (_see Vespasian’s Camp_), and
|about two miles distant is Stonehenge, which attracts numerous
|travellers here.
|
|The true origin of this stupendous structure yet remains a matter
|of doubt; it is a subject on which our antiquarians widely differ
|in opinion, but the majority have pronounced it to be the ruins of
|a Druidical temple. Seventeen huge stones are now standing, which,
|with seven others lying on the ground, form the outward circular,
|or oval range: the inward circle is about eight feet from the
|outward one, and has eleven stones standing, and eight fallen;
|between these two circles is a walk of about three hundred feet in
|circumference, the appearance of the whole from which is
|singularly awful and surprising. The stones are from eighteen to
|twenty feet high, from six to seven broad, and about three feet
|thick; round it are numerous barrows, covered with earth, raised
|chiefly in the form of a bell. Many of those which have been
|opened have contained human skeletons, urns, and military weapons.
|
|From Stonehenge an avenue about half a mile long, between two
|ditches, leads to the Cursus, which is two miles in length, and
|enclosed by two ditches, three hundred and fifty feet asunder,
|having a bank, or long barrow, at each end.
|
|Dr. Stukeley fixes the date of the erection of Stonehenge, four
|hundred and sixty years before Christ.
|
79|Amesbury, Little, Wilts, 161. (_Population included with
|Amesbury_)
|
70|Amfield, Hants, 85.
|
121|Amphitheatre, (commonly called Maumbury) Dorset, 171. This
|amphitheatre is allowed to be the most perfect of its kind
|remaining in England. It is situated on a plain in the open
|fields, and is raised on the solid chalk upon a level; the jambs
|at the entrance are somewhat worn away. Half the work is above
|five feet and a half under the surface of the ground; probably it
|was framed of solid chalk, cemented by mortar made of burnt chalk,
|and covered with turf.
|
|This amphitheatre consists of about an acre of ground, and is
|supposed to have been made under the government of Agricola. The
|number of spectators it was capable of accommodating is computed
|at near 13,000. The views from the top of the mound are extensive,
|including Poundbury, Maiden Castle, and the southern hills covered
|with barrows.
|
64|=Andover=, Hants, 101, 159. A borough and market town; it is a
|healthy and populous place, carrying on a considerable traffic in
|shalloons, malting, &c. and sends two members to parliament. On
|two hills in the neighbourhood are the appearance of Roman
|encampments. The market house is a handsome modern building,
|standing in a large open square; over it is the council room, in
|which the public business is transacted. The church is an ancient
|structure. It has a market on Saturday, and contains 657 houses,
|and 3304 inhabitants. Four miles distant is held the celebrated
|annual fair of Weyhill, being the largest in England for cattle,
|sheep, hops, cheese, &c. and lasts fourteen days from the 10th of
|October.
|
|Angmering, Sussex, 217. A parish containing 79 houses, and 708
|inhabitants.
|
66|Ann, Little, Hants, 101.
|
95|Ansty, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 50 houses, and 242
|inhabitants.
|
221|Anthony, Cornwall, 123. A parish containing 254 houses, and 1795
|inhabitants.
|
170|Appledore, South, Devon, 195.
|
117|Arno’s Vale, Somerset, 203.
|
61|=Arundel=, Sussex, 44, 217. A borough and market town, seated on
|the side of the river Arun, over which is a bridge; and the river
|is navigable for barges. Here stands on a hill, Arundel Castle
|(_see Index of Seats_). The town is delightfully situated on the
|declivity of a hill, and is a borough by prescription, so ancient
|as to be mentioned in King Alfred’s will. In the church are four
|stately monuments of the Earls of Arundel. Here formerly was an
|harbour capable of containing ships of 100 tons burthen, though it
|is now much ruined by the sea. Arundel sends two members to
|parliament; has a market on Wednesday and Saturday, and contains
|334 houses, and 1855 inhabitants.
|
|Arundel Coverts, Sussex, 217.
|
52|Ash, Hants, 99. A parish containing 14 houses, and 95 inhabitants.
|
191|=Ashburton=, Devon, 119. A borough and market town, standing in a
|valley nearly encompassed with hills. Here is a handsome church,
|built in the form of a cathedral; on the cross is a large square
|tower, 90 feet high, over which is a small spire; it was once
|collegiate, and part of the stalls are now standing. Ashburton
|sends two members to parliament, and is one of the four stannary
|towns of Devon, (the other three being Chigford, Plympton, and
|Tavistock), having several good tin and copper mines in the
|neighbourhood, which are very productive; it has also a
|manufactory for serge. The town gives the title of baron to the
|family of Dunning. It has a market on Tuesday and Saturday; and
|contains 370 houses, and 3080 inhabitants.
|
52|Ashcomb, Sussex, 60.
|
136|Ashcot, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 71 houses, and 358
|inhabitants.
|
33|Ashdown Forest, Sussex, 57.
|
|Ashfield, Hants, 220.
|
47|Ashington, Sussex, 66. A parish containing 28 houses, and 173
|inhabitants.
|
92|Ashley Cross, Hants, 88.
|
101|Ashley Green, Wilts, 186.
|
102|Ashley Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 186, 201.
|
16|Ashstead, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully situated near
|the spring of the Epsom Wells, and contains 91 houses, and 552
|inhabitants. In the church are some handsome monuments. Here King
|Charles the Second was entertained, and the table is still
|preserved on which he dined.
|
|Ashton Gifford, Wilts, 207. (_Population included with Codford St.
|Peter’s_)
|
131|Askerwell, Dorset, 111. This village is pleasantly situated in a
|vale, enclosed on all sides with high hills. It contains 30
|houses, and 170 inhabitants.
|
129|Askerwell Down, Dorset, 111.
|
99|Atford, Wilts, 200.
|
98|Atford Common, Wilts, 200.
|
181|Atherleigh Mill, Devon, 196.
|
254|=Austle, St.= Cornwall, 127. A market town, in the environs of
|which are several tin mines, and quarries of porcelain clay, which
|is sent to Liverpool, Bristol, and Staffordshire, for the
|potteries.
|
|The church is an ancient massy building; about the tower are many
|curious ornaments and decorations. The market, which is held on
|Friday, is well supplied with all kinds of provisions. It contains
|663 houses, and 3788 inhabitants.
|
81|Avebury, Wilts, 183, 198. This village contains 115 houses, and
|590 inhabitants, and is remarkable for the stupendous remains of a
|Druid’s temple, being a collection of huge stones, like that on
|Salisbury Plain. (_see Druidical Temple_)
|
80|Avenue, The, Wilts, 161. (_see Amesbury_)
|
62|Avington, Berks, 181. A parish containing 13 houses, and 57
|inhabitants.
|
|Avisford Hill, Sussex, 217.
|
96|Avon, Hants, 94.
|
114|Avon Mills Bridge, Somerset, 202.
|
146|=Axminster=, Devon, 113, 144. A market town, deriving its name
|from the river Axe, on which it stands: and the minster, or
|monastery, erected here by Athelstan for seven priests to pray for
|the souls of those killed in his army, when he defeated the Danes
|in the neighbouring field, which is still called King’s Field. The
|town is clean and neat, and reckoned very healthy. Here is a
|considerable manufactory for broad and narrow cloth, but more
|particularly for carpets; also for cotton tapes, druggets, leather
|breeches, and gloves. The market, reckoned the first in the
|county, is held on Saturday. It contains 456 houses, and 2387
|inhabitants.
|
|
|B.
|
119|Babylon Hill, Dorset, 141.
|
|Badsley Common, Hants, 211.
|
26|Bagshot, Surrey, 72. This place is famous for its excellent mutton
|brought here from the Hampshire Downs; it was formerly called
|_Holy Hall_; and here our kings had a house and park, which was
|laid open after the civil wars: the church was rebuilt in 1676,
|after having been destroyed by lightning. It contains 182 houses,
|and 1136 inhabitants.
|
21|Bagshot Heath, Surrey, 72, is mostly a barren desert, but upon its
|borders are a great number of handsome seats.
|
21|Bailies, Bucks, 175.
|
228|Bake Lane End, Cornwall, 124.
|
186|Bakes, Devon, 148.
|
141|Balay Down, Dorset, 145.
|
5|Balham Hill, Surrey, 45.
|
|Ball’s Hut, Sussex, 216.
|
211|Bamham, Higher, Cornwall, 152.
|
211|Bamham, Lower, Cornwall, 152.
|
15|Bansted Common, Surrey, 47.
|
12|Bansted Downs, Surrey, 46. This is one of the most delightful
|spots in England, having a command of prospect for 30 miles round,
|including a view of the royal palaces of Windsor and Hampton
|Court, London and Westminster. The turf here is of the most
|beautiful verdure, intermixed with thyme and other fragrant herbs,
|which renders the mutton fed upon the Downs particularly sweet. On
|these Downs is Epsom Race Course, much frequented in the season.
|In the neighbourhood are many elegant seats.
|
41|Bapchild, Kent, 6. This village contains 48 houses, and 224
|inhabitants. In the church window are many remains of painted
|glass, particularly of the arms of the see of Canterbury. On the
|north side of the road are the remains of the building which was
|used as a resting place by the pilgrims who visited St. Thomas
|à-Becket’s shrine at Canterbury.
|
|Bapton, Wilts, 207. (_Population included with Fisherton de la
|Mere_)
|
87|Barford, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 91 houses, and 450
|inhabitants.
|
88|Barford Heath, Wilts, 136.
|
59|Barham Downs, Kent, 8. A most delightful spot, where the
|Canterbury races are annually held in August. The course has been
|extended from two to four miles, and a handsome building erected
|for the accommodation of the visitors.
|
185|Barn, New, Devon, 148.
|
96|Barn, New, Wilts, 137.
|
230|Barron Down, Cornwall, 155.
|
126|Barrows, Somerset, 142.
|
45|=Basingstoke=, Hants, 75, 99, 131. A market town of some
|antiquity, pleasantly situated in a fine open country. The church
|is ancient; near it stands a free school, and it has also three
|charity schools, one of which is supported by the Skinners’
|Company of London. The remains of the chapel of the Holy Ghost
|stands on a considerable eminence near the town; it was formerly a
|fine edifice, richly ornamented with scriptural pictures. The town
|has a manufactory of druggets and shalloons, and has a good market
|house, and a town hall over it, where the sessions are held twice
|a year, and the magistrates meet weekly. It contains 501 houses,
|and 2589 inhabitants, and the market on Wednesday is very
|considerable for provisions, corn, and cattle.
|
106|BATH, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. The city of Bath is justly esteemed
|the most elegant town in England. The hot baths, from which it
|derives its name, were known in the Roman times; nor was their
|celebrity lost even in the dark period of Anglo Saxon history. But
|the town has been greatly enlarged and decorated in the last
|century. The waters are used both internally and externally,
|chiefly in gout, bilious, and paralytic cases, being frequented
|twice in the year, what is called the spring and autumnal seasons.
|Two-thirds of the company are attracted merely by amusement,
|society, and dissipation; in all of which it is only second to
|London. But so great are the attractions of this celebrated spot,
|and the reputation of these waters has so much increased, that
|Bath has become the constant residence, not only of many opulent
|invalids, but also of numerous votaries of pleasure.
|
|The baths consist of the King’s, the Queen’s, the Cross, the Hot,
|the Corporation, and the Duke of Kingston’s Baths. The taste of
|the water is pleasant, impregnated with a vitriolic principle,
|which yields, upon evaporation, a small portion of neutral salt,
|with a calcareous earth and iron. At the King’s Bath is a handsome
|pump room, where the company drink the waters in the morning, and
|where an excellent band of music enlivens the scene.
|
|The amusements of this gay city are various, rational, and well
|conducted. They consist chiefly of assemblies, balls, concerts,
|card parties, and public breakfasts; besides the theatre. There
|are two sets of assembly rooms, termed the Upper and Lower, where
|the amusements are alternately held: the former of these stands on
|the walks leading from the Grove to the Parade; and the latter, on
|the east side of the Circus.
|
|The city, except a little opening to the east and west, through
|which the Avon passes, is surrounded on all sides by hills. It has
|an elegant bridge, and the river has been made navigable to
|Bristol. It was formerly surrounded with a slight wall, of which
|there still appears some remains, as well as one or two of its
|gates. Most of the new buildings, and by far the largest and
|finest part of the city, are without the walls, particularly Queen
|Square, in the midst of which is a garden, with gravel walks, and
|an obelisk in the centre; but a principal ornament is the Circus,
|the houses of which are built on a uniform plan, with three
|openings at equal distances, leading into as many streets. The
|fronts of the houses are adorned with three rows of columns, in
|pairs, of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, and the frieze
|embellished with sculpture. In the centre is a reservoir of water,
|filled from springs rising in the neighbouring hills.
|
|On the north and south sides of the town are the north and south
|parades, paved with hewn stone, raised upon arches, having an
|elegant row of houses on one side, and a stone balustrade
|opposite. Among the late improvements of Bath, the Royal Crescent
|forms a striking feature, standing upon an eminence. Behind the
|crescent is St. James’s Square, which, with Landsdown Crescent,
|Catherine Place, Rivers Street, &c. enjoys every advantage of air,
|prospect, and scenery. Orange Grove, between the Abbey Church and
|the lower rooms, is a beautiful open area, planted with rows of
|elms, &c. The Guildhall is situated in the high street. Here is a
|noble infirmary, or general hospital, for the sick and lame from
|all parts of the kingdom. It is 100 feet in front, and 90 in
|depth, capable of containing 150 patients. It was built in 1738,
|by William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath. The monastery here,
|of which the cathedral was the church, was a truly venerable pile;
|the other churches are St. James, St. Michael, the Abbey Church,
|or St. Peter and St. Paul, Walcot, and Christ’s Church. There are
|several chapels and meeting houses, as well as hospitals,
|almshouses, and charity schools.
|
|Bath is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, twenty common
|council, and a town clerk; sends two members to parliament; and,
|joined with Wells, forms a bishoprick, called the diocese of Bath
|and Wells. The number of aldermen, out of which the mayor and two
|justices are chosen, is not to exceed ten, or be less than four:
|and out of the common council are yearly elected two bailiffs, or
|sheriffs, and two constables. The senior of the common council is
|always the chamberlain. The markets are here principally on
|Wednesday and Saturday, and are plentifully supplied with all
|kinds of provision: excellent mutton is produced from the feed on
|Lansdown, one of the highest hills which overlooks the city, about
|three miles in extent, on which is annually held, on the 10th of
|August, a fair for horses, cheese, and all kinds of merchandise.
|The fish market, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, far excels that
|of any inland town in the kingdom. Bath contains 4279 houses, and
|31,496 inhabitants, exclusive of the out parishes of Bath Hampton,
|Bathwick, Bathford, and Batheaston, which contain 670 houses, and
|4514 inhabitants.
|
104|Batheaston, Somerset, 187, 201. (_For Population see Bath_)
|
103|Bathford, Somerset, 186, 201. A Roman pavement was discovered
|here, in the seventeenth century, in digging a cellar. (_for
|Population see Bath_)
|
104|Bath Hampton, Somerset, 187, 201. (_for Population see Bath_)
|
154|Bath Pool, Somerset, 193.
|
106|Bathwick, Somerset, 187, 201, 204. (_For Population, see Bath._)
|
5|Battersea Rise, Surrey, 23.
|
56|=Battle=, Sussex, 22. A market town and parish. The old name of
|this place, was Epiton, but it took its present appellation from
|the famous battle of Hastings, gained by William the Conqueror
|over Harold, in 1066; the Conqueror having first landed near
|Pevensey, a few miles distant. In memory of this victory, William
|founded here a celebrated abbey, called Battle Abbey; one of those
|religious houses which had, anciently, the privilege of sanctuary.
|From its remains, it appears to have been very magnificent, being
|near a mile in circumference; its abbot was mitred. The gate-house
|is entire and is now converted into a place for holding the
|sessions, and other public meetings. On one part of the site of
|the abbey stands a mansion, belonging to Sir Godfrey Webster,
|called the Abbey. (_See Index of Seats_)
|
|The town stands in a valley, and is reckoned rather unhealthy from
|its situation. Near this town is Beacon Hill, formerly called
|Standard Hill, where the standard of the Conqueror was first
|planted. There are several powder mills in the neighbourhood; and
|the town has been long famous for the best gunpowder in Europe.
|The weekly market is on Thursday, which, till 1600, was held on
|Sunday; it has also a very large market on the second Tuesday in
|every month. It contains 291 houses, and 2040 inhabitants.
|
142|Bawdrip, Somerset, 192. A parish containing 51 houses, and 244
|inhabitants.
|
106|Bayford, Somerset, 165.
|
233|Beacon Hill, Cornwall, 155.
|
75|Beacon Hill, Wilts, 160.
|
166|Beam Bridge, Somerset, 194.
|
197|Bearah, Devon, 120.
|
28|Bear Green, Surrey, 63.
|
45|Bears In Gate, Sussex, 66.
|
81|Beckhampton, Wilts, 184, 198. A tything to the parish of Avebury,
|containing 18 houses, and 99 inhabitants.
|
|Beckington, Somerset, 205. This village contains several streets,
|and was formerly of considerable importance, particularly in the
|manufacture of woollens; some of which are still made here. The
|houses are built of stone, in number 247, containing 1469
|inhabitants.
|
13|Bedfont, Middlesex, 70. A parish containing 82 houses, and 456
|inhabitants.
|
|Bedhampton, Hants, 214. A parish containing 52 houses, and 305
|inhabitants.
|
87|Bedhampton, Wilts, 162, 207.
|
|Bedhampton, Little, Wilts, 207.
|
68|Bedwin, Little, Wilts, 182. A parish containing 81 houses, and 428
|inhabitants.
|
194|Beer Bridge, Devon, 149.
|
200|Beggars Bush, Devon, 120.
|
276|Belle Vue, Cornwall, 130.
|
240|Belovely, Cornwall, 156.
|
82|Bemerton, Wilts, 136, 208, (_Population included with
|Fugglestone_)
|
|Bemont, Wilts, 209.
|
57|Benges Wood, Sussex, 39, 42.
|
42|Bentley, Hants, 81. Here is an extensive hop plantation, and the
|hamlet contains 94 houses, and 504 inhabitants.
|
42|Bentley Green, Hants, 81.
|
62|Bere Forest, Hants, 31.
|
233|Berry Tower, Cornwall, 155.
|
68|Bersted, South, Sussex, 41, 42. This village contains 94 houses,
|and 737 inhabitants.
|
84|Berwick Down, Wilts, 161.
|
93|Berwick, St. Leonard’s, Wilts, 163. A parish containing only 8
|houses, and 36 inhabitants.
|
11|Bexley Heath, Kent, 2.
|
188|Bickington, Devon, 119. A hamlet and chapelry to the parish of
|Ashburton, containing 40 houses, and 243 inhabitants.
|
202|Bidlake, Great, Devon, 151.
|
202|Bidlake, Little, Devon, 151.
|
123|Bincomb Down, Dorset, 171.
|
57|Binderton, Sussex, 36. A hamlet containing 4 houses, and 53
|inhabitants.
|
|Birch Wood, Hants, 210.
|
16|Birch Wood, Surrey, 47.
|
86|Bishops Cannings, Wilts, 198. A parish containing 212 houses, and
|1108 inhabitants.
|
93|Bishops Fonthill, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 39 houses, and
|194 inhabitants.
|
158|Bishops Hull, Somerset, 194. A parish containing 96 houses, and
|683 inhabitants.
|
56|Bishops Sutton, Hants, 83. A village containing 60 houses, and 379
|inhabitants.
|
202|Bittaford Bridge, Devon, 121.
|
117|Black Castle, Somerset, 203.
|
|Black Dog, Wood, Wilts and Somerset, 205.
|
111|Blackford, Somerset, 165. A village, containing 26 houses, and 159
|inhabitants.
|
5|Black Heath, Kent, 1. Situated on the South side of Greenwich; a
|most beautiful spot, commanding extensive prospects over the
|adjacent country and the river Thames, having a full view of the
|Ranger’s house in the park, Greenwich hospital, the new docks at
|Poplar, a multitude of shipping, and a distant view of the
|metropolis; it was on this plain that the Kentish rebel, Wat
|Tyler, mustered 100,000 men. In the park is the Royal Observatory
|for the King’s astronomers, to which there is a steep ascent on
|all sides except one, and it has a deep dry well for observations
|in the day time. On the right stands Morden College, built by Sir
|John Morden, for decayed Turkey merchants; and in the
|neighbourhood are many beautiful villas.
|
|In 1780, a cavern was discovered on the side of the ascent to
|Blackheath by the Dover road, consisting of seven large rooms,
|from 12 to 36 feet wide; the whole range having a communication by
|arched avenues: some of these apartments have large conical domes,
|36 feet high, supported by a column of chalk, 43 yards in
|circumference; the bottom of the cavern is 50 feet from the
|entrance, and at the extremities 160 feet, the descent to which is
|by a flight of steps; the sides and roofs are also rocks of chalk,
|and the bottom a fine dry sand. 170 feet under ground is a well of
|clear water, 27 feet deep.
|
187|Blackpool, Devon, 118.
|
103|Blackstone, Dorset, 139.
|
30|Blackwater, Hants, 73.
|
104|=Blandford=, Dorset, 107. A market town and parish, pleasantly
|situated on the river Stour, near the Downs; its principal
|manufactures consist of thread, and shirt buttons.
|
|The town is very ancient, and appears to have been a settlement of
|the Britons long before the arrival of the Romans. It gave the
|title of Marquis to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, which has
|still descended in the family; and formerly sent members to
|parliament. The church is a neat structure, in the Grecian style.
|The streets are handsome, and the houses in general well built of
|brick. It has suffered more by fires than any other town in
|England. Blandford contains 405 houses, and 2326 inhabitants; and
|has a market on Saturday, which is well supplied.
|
101|Blandford Race Course, Dorset, 107.
|
250|Blazey, St., Cornwall, 127. A township to the parish of St.
|Austle, situated upon an inlet from the Sea, and containing 87
|houses, and 467 inhabitants.
|
222|Blerack, Cornwall, 123.
|
24|Blindley Heath, Surrey, 56.
|
74|Blockhouse, Hants, 98.
|
44|Bloom End, Berks, 178.
|
|Bodenham, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 50 houses, and 221
|inhabitants.
|
233|=Bodmin=, Cornwall, 155. A borough and market town, standing
|almost in the centre of the county, between two hills. This place
|appears to have been very considerable some centuries past; having
|a bishop’s see erected here by King Edward, in 905: but, during
|the Danish wars, translated to St. Germain’s, and afterwards to
|Kirton in Devonshire, and thence to Exeter, where it remains. It
|sends two members to parliament, which it has done ever since the
|reign of Edward the First. The town consists chiefly of one long
|street, running east and west for nearly a mile; the church is an
|ancient fabric, but the spire was destroyed in 1699 by lightning.
|The summer Assizes, and Michaelmas Quarter Sessions are held here,
|and the new county gaol and bridewell, form a handsome building,
|well situated for the health of the prisoners, and built after the
|Howardian plan.
|
|There is a remarkable well near the town, the water of which is
|heavier than most others; and will keep pure the greater part of a
|year. In the neighbourhood are some monumental stones, called the
|_Hurlers_, supposed to be the remains of a Druid’s temple, they
|stand on a down in three circles.
|
|This place is noted in history for being the head quarters of
|Perkin Warbeck, who styled himself the son of Edward the Fourth;
|and here Humphrey Arundel, governor of St. Michael’s Mount, in the
|reign of Edward the Sixth, collected an army of 10,000 men. It has
|a good market on Saturday, well supplied with corn and all kinds
|of provisions. Bodmin contains 325 houses, and 2299 inhabitants.
|
234|Bodmin Down, Cornwall, 155.
|
223|Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, 154.
|
235|Bodwanic, Cornwall, 155.
|
70|Bognor, Sussex, 41, 42. This village is much frequented in the
|summer season for sea bathing. It is an extensive assemblage of
|modern brick buildings, without any regular plan; which originated
|with the speculation of the proprietor, the late Sir Richard
|Hotham. It has a new assembly room near the sea, and a very neat
|modern chapel.
|
88|Bolbury, or Bilbury Rings, Wilts, 162. This encampment occupies a
|point of Down, projecting from the great ridge, and is supposed to
|be of British origin. It is defended on the east by double, and on
|the west by triple entrenchments; the outward one being very broad
|and flat. The exterior vallum is 990 yards in circuit, and the
|ramparts 20 feet high, including an area of seventeen acres and a
|quarter; within which is another work of an irregular form. Many
|British and Roman antiquities have been here discovered. It has
|several entrances, some of which appear to be of modern formation.
|
|Boreham, Wilts, 206. (_Population included with Warminster._)
|
252|Boscovean, Cornwall, 127.
|
50|Bosenden Wood, Kent, 7.
|
|Bosham, Sussex, 215. This village stands on the east point of land
|at the entrance of Bosham Creek.
|
|The only thing worthy of notice in this place is the church, a
|spacious Gothic building, erected at the expence of the bishop of
|Exeter, in 1119, in the reign of Henry the First. It was made
|collegiate for a dean and prebendary, and enjoyed many privileges
|till the general dissolution, when it was made parochial. The
|stalls are still standing, over which are some curious ancient
|carving,
|
|Bosham Creek, Sussex, 215.
|
|Bosham Pound, Sussex, 215.
|
|Botley, Hants, 212. A parish containing 98 houses, and 614
|inhabitants.
|
49|Boughton, Kent, 7. A parish containing 174 houses, and 884
|inhabitants. The church has two aisles, and contains several very
|ancient monuments; it has also a very good stone tower, the spire
|of which fell down about the close of the sixteenth century. It
|has two charity schools, in which one hundred children are
|educated. In 1716, a complete human skeleton was dug up, near the
|road side, with a hanger, and a brass coin of Antoninus Pius.
|Adjoining was anciently Blean Forest, which abounded with boars,
|wolves, and other animals of chase.
|
50|Boughton Hill, Kent, 7. This hill commands a most extensive and
|beautiful prospect.
|
104|Bourton, Dorset, 164. A hamlet containing 112 houses, and 637
|inhabitants.
|
103|Bourton Bridge, Dorset, 164.
|
185|Bovey Heath, Devon, 118.
|
108|Bow Bridge, Somerset, 139.
|
94|Bower, Wilts, 199.
|
94|Bower Island, Wilts, 199.
|
178|Bowhill, Devon, 196.
|
101|Box, Wilts, 186. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1165
|inhabitants.
|
|Boxgrove, Sussex, 216. A parish containing 131 houses, and 682
|inhabitants.
|
21|Box Hill, Surrey, 63. This hill derives its name from the number
|of box trees growing on it, planted by the Earl of Arundel in the
|reign of Charles the First. These groves are interspersed with a
|number of small open spaces and agreeable walks; from whence, on a
|clear day, the prospect is beautifully varied and extensive, the
|immediate vicinity of the hill being greatly enlivened by the
|windings of the river Mole.
|
|A few years ago, an eccentric man, requested to be buried on the
|summit of this hill, in an _erect posture_; and, at his decease,
|this singular request was complied with. In the neighbourhood are
|a number of gentlemen’s seats.
|
|Boyton, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 41 houses, and 248
|inhabitants.
|
122|Bradford Down, Dorset, 110.
|
123|Bradford Heath, Dorset, 110.
|
239|Bradock Common, Cornwall, 125.
|
178|=Bradninch=, Devon, 196. This town is nearly a mile in length
|consisting chiefly of one large irregular street, and the houses
|but indifferently built. Its principal manufacture is paper. It
|formerly sent members to parliament till the reign of Henry the
|Seventh, but on a complaint that the inhabitants were not able to
|pay them their wages, 2_s._ _per_ day, they were excused on the
|payment of five marks. The church is an ancient Gothic building.
|It contains 247 houses, and 1187 inhabitants, and has a trifling
|market on Tuesday.
|
199|Brent Bridge, Devon, 120.
|
7|=Brentford=, Middlesex, 69, a market town. It is divided into New
|and Old Brentford, and is named from the small river Brent, over
|which it had a ford, and which here empties itself into the
|Thames. The church was originally built in the reign of Edward the
|First, being a chapel of ease to Great Ealing, and was rebuilt,
|except the tower, in 1654. This place affords employment to its
|numerous poor, having a flour mill on the same construction as the
|late Albion Mills, formerly situated at the foot of Blackfriars
|Bridge; a large pottery, extensive brick fields, and a very large
|malt distillery.
|
|At the extremity of New Brentford, towards London, on the opposite
|side of the Thames, is Kew Palace, formerly the occasional
|residence of His Majesty; near which, on the banks of the Thames,
|His Majesty has erected a magnificent Gothic building, said to
|have been intended as a residence for the Queen.
|
|The members of parliament for the county are here chosen, and the
|market on Tuesday is well supplied with all kinds of provision,
|corn, cattle, &c. Brentford contains 304 houses, and 1733
|inhabitants.
|
197|Brent Harberton Ford, Devon, 120.
|
199|Brent, South, Devon, 120. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1032
|inhabitants.
|
97|Brickers, Wilts, 186.
|
200|Bridestow, Devon, 150. A parish containing 91 houses, and 581
|inhabitants.
|
230|Bridge, Cornwall, 124.
|
58|Bridge, Kent, 8. This village is situated in a valley, by the side
|of the river Stour; and contains 42 houses, and 325 inhabitants.
|
126|Bridge, Somerset, 168.
|
245|Bridge End, Cornwall, 126.
|
105|Bridge, High, Dorset, 139.
|
75|Bridge, Mary, Hants, 98.
|
212|Bridge, New, Devon, 122.
|
96|Bridge, New, Dorset, 89.
|
109|Bridge, New, Somerset, 201.
|
102|Bridge, New, 186.
|
145|=Bridgewater=, Somerset, 192. A borough and market town, seated on
|the river Parret, over which is a stone bridge; here the tide
|rises at high water 6 fathoms, and sometimes flows in with such
|impetuosity, that it rises near two fathoms deep at a time; which
|often occasions considerable damage to the shipping, driving them
|foul of each other, and oversetting the small craft. It is termed
|the _boar_, and is frequent in the rivers of the channel,
|particularly the Severn.
|
|The church is a handsome spacious structure, containing a fine
|altar piece of our Saviour taken from the Cross, by Guido, and the
|spire is the loftiest in the county. Near the church is a handsome
|free school, built of stone; the town hall is a large building,
|beneath which is a cistern, whence the inhabitants are supplied
|with water.
|
|It was first incorporated as a borough by King John, who built a
|castle here, and it was one of the first towns seized by the
|barons in the reign of Henry the Third, being then considered of
|great importance. The Duke of Monmouth was here proclaimed king,
|and lodged sometime in the castle; but being betrayed by Lord
|Gray, and his army consisting chiefly of raw countrymen, he was
|defeated by the royal army, on a moor near Weston, 3 miles
|distant; when 1000 were killed, and 1500 taken prisoners; and here
|Judge Jefferies and Colonel Kirk had most of the survivors
|executed.
|
|The houses in general are irregular, but the streets are wide, and
|well paved. It sends two members to parliament, and has a market
|on Tuesday and Saturday; at the former, cattle of all kind are
|sold, and cheese in great quantities, and provisions of all sorts,
|are plentiful. The midsummer county sessions are held here, and
|the assizes every other year. Through the convenience of its
|navigation it has also a very good coasting-trade, and a number of
|coal ships are constantly employed. Bridgewater contains 916
|houses, and 4911 inhabitants.
|
134|=Bridport=, Dorset, 111. A borough and market town, situated
|between two branches of the river Brit, which joins below the
|town, and falls into the sea, having once had a convenient
|harbour, but which now is choaked up with sand. The town consists
|of three good spacious streets, some of the houses being built of
|stone, and some of brick. The East, West, and South streets, are
|in the form of a T, having several back lanes or passages. In the
|centre of the town has been erected a very handsome market house.
|It is a very ancient corporation, and has sent members to
|parliament ever since the 23d of Edward the First.
|
|The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a large neat building, near
|the centre of the town, in the form of a cross, with a tower in
|the middle, 72 feet high. Its chief manufacture is in twine,
|sail-cloth, and hats. Bridport contains 520 houses, and 3567
|inhabitants, and has two market days, Wednesday and Saturday, both
|of which are well supplied with fresh meat.
|
54|=Brighton=, or =Brighthelmstone=, Sussex, 51, 60, 219. A sea-port
|and market town of some antiquity. It was once fortified, and some
|traces of the walls are still left. Queen Elizabeth erected here
|four gates. A flint wall, three feet thick towards the sea, and a
|block house, had been built before in the reign of Henry the
|Eighth. The town was of little or no consequence, being chiefly
|inhabited by fishermen, and has only risen to its present state,
|as a fashionable resort for sea-bathing, within these few years;
|being now enlarged with many new streets, elegant buildings, &c.
|The houses of the new streets, particularly the Steyne and the
|Crescent, are elegantly built, and chiefly lodging houses.
|North-street, furnishes handsome shops of every description, and
|there is a neat little theatre. There are also two elegant
|assembly rooms, with suits of card, tea, and supper rooms; those
|at the Castle Tavern are open every night during the season, as
|are also those at the Old Ship, which are little inferior.
|
|The Steyne is a fine lawn, on the eastern part of the town, which
|is the general parade for the company. On the Steyne are the North
|and South Parades, Blue and Buff Parade, Steyne-place, or South
|and Steyne Row; besides this, there are two other Steynes, but
|both inferior to the preceding. One is called the New Steyne, and
|is situated in the east of the town leading to Rottingdean; the
|other, the North Steyne, but more commonly the _Level_, both
|having many handsome buildings. The promenade commences after the
|heat of the day, and continues till dark; a choice band of music
|playing all the while. The Prince Regent has an elegant mansion
|here, called the Pavilion. (_see Index of Seats._)
|
|There are two public libraries on the Steyne, furnished with all
|the newspapers, periodical publications, &c. This is the morning
|lounge for every vehicle of news There are also a suite of hot,
|cold, vapour and salt-water baths, for those who may not, or do
|not choose to plunge into the ocean. There are also air-pump water
|baths, for the relief of persons afflicted with the gout, or
|violent scorbutic affections; the ingenious invention of Mr.
|Nathan Smith, of Artillery-place. The baths are situated near the
|Steyne, and were first erected in 1789. On one side of a handsome
|vestibule are six cold-baths, and on the other side, the hot
|baths.
|
|The streets nearly intersect each other at right angles, and are
|very clean and neat. Among the recent improvements, the handsome
|row of uniform houses, called Dorset Garden, deserves to be
|noticed; in front, is an extensive well planned garden, while two
|octagon temples ornament the pleasure ground. The road is composed
|of chalk and sea beach, with a spacious foot pavement of bricks on
|each side, which is entirely dry, almost immediately after the
|most heavy rains. The town is also well lighted, and from its
|vicinity to the metropolis, and accommodation of every kind, it
|may justly rank as the first watering place in the kingdom.
|
|The church stands on a hill near the town, and has a square tower,
|which may be seen a considerable distance at sea, having the
|figure of a dolphin for a vane. From its increase of population, a
|=Chapel Royal= has been erected within these few years, which is
|sufficiently spacious to contain 1000 persons.
|
|About half a mile west of the church is a chalybeate spring, much
|frequented; it has been found serviceable in several cases of
|debility, indigestion, &c. The proprietors have erected a neat
|lodge over the spring, and near it a very handsome mansion.
|
|Although the town itself is not observable, it lying so low that
|in several bombardments by the enemy, the balls have gone over it
|without doing any damage, it is now flanked with some strong
|batteries.
|
|The town is not incorporated, but an act was passed about 30 years
|ago, vesting a power in 36 inhabitants, as commissioners, to erect
|a market, pave, light, and cleanse the streets, and to execute all
|necessary matters for the good order of the place. Brighton
|contains 1282 houses, and 7339 inhabitants.
|
|At this place Charles the Second embarked for France, in 1651,
|after the battle of Worcester.
|
|The only manufacture here, (if it may be termed one) is the making
|of part of the nets for the use of the fishery, the materials
|coming from Bridport. The fishery employs about 100 boats,
|carrying some three, four, and five men each. The mackarel season
|commences in April, and that for herrings in October. Independent
|of these almost every kind of fish are also found in plenty, and
|to be purchased every day. To the fishery, and the numerous
|visitants during the bathing season, the inhabitants look up for
|support. But what has particularly enlivened the town of late
|years, during the war, has been the encampment of several
|regiments of regulars and militia, on the levels to the west of
|the town, between Brighton and Hove; and it is now much benefited
|by the numerous travellers to France, embarking from hence to
|Dieppe, and also from its being the favourite country residence of
|the Prince Regent. The principal market day is on Thursday; but it
|is open every day except Sunday, and well stored with every kind
|of provision.
|
|The mutton of this place, being chiefly fed on the South Downs, is
|particularly admired for its fine flavour. The Downs afford most
|delightful rides, and pleasing land and sea views.
|
|The race-ground, which is fenced in, and properly attended to, is
|justly admired. The races, which last four or five days, are
|usually the first week in August, when it is esteemed the fullest
|part of the season.
|
57|Brighton Race Ground, Sussex, 60.
|
129|Brimpit, Somerset, 190.
|
239|Brin, Cornwall, 156.
|
117|Brislington, Somerset, 203. A parish containing 136 houses, and
|776 inhabitants.
|
119|BRISTOL, 203. This city may justly rank as the second in the
|British dominions for trade, wealth, and population, though much
|of its commerce with the West Indies and America have passed to
|Liverpool. It properly lies in two counties, Somerset and
|Gloucester, but in the reign of Edward the Third it was erected
|into a county of itself.
|
|This metropolis of the west of England gradually rose to eminence
|in the Anglo Saxon period, but its origin is uncertain. It
|contains 10,403 houses, and 63,645 inhabitants, and is situated on
|the rivers Avon and Frome. The bridge over the former was first
|built above 500 years ago, and rebuilt in 1768. It consists of
|three wide and lofty arches, with a neat stone ballustrade. The
|river here is deep and very rapid, and flows to the height of 40
|feet, so as to bring a vessel of 1000 tons up to the bridge.
|
|The internal streets of this city are high and irregular, with
|projecting buildings, mostly built of wood and plaster, which
|render it close; but many of the streets have been lately much
|widened, particularly the avenues to the bridges. The suburbs and
|external parts of the city are elegant and spacious buildings,
|principally inhabited by gentry, merchants, and retired tradesmen,
|or let as lodging-houses. The sides of the streets have smooth
|pavements, and the whole is well lighted. It is supplied with
|excellent water, both from pumps and conduits; that in Temple
|Street has a noble statue upon it, representing Neptune. The
|common sewers which run through the streets, render the whole city
|remarkably clean. Carts are not admitted in the streets, for fear
|of damaging the arches of the vaults and gutters that are made
|under ground, for conveying the soil into the rivers; on this
|account every thing is conveyed by sledges, to the no small danger
|of the foot passengers.
|
|In King Street there is a very elegant and convenient theatre, and
|the city library is a handsome stone building, with literary
|emblems in front, which contains a very good collection of books,
|and a clergyman is always appointed the librarian.
|
|Above the river, Redcliff Parade is a handsome range of houses,
|whence is a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country.
|
|Over the river Frome is a draw-bridge, which has also two arches
|of stone, and an octagon building at each end.
|
|The quay is above a mile in length, reaching from St. Giles’s to
|Bristol Bridge, and is all the way embanked by a firm wall, coped
|with hewn stone; the whole is not impeded by the buildings, which
|lie a considerable way back, so that it is one continued quay,
|although under different names; that from Bristol Bridge to the
|bend of the river opposite Redcliff Parade, is called _The Back_,
|and from thence downwards is called _The Grove_. Here is a dock
|which will contain 10 sail of large vessels, and further on there
|is another, where a building is erected on 14 pillars of cast
|iron, being a crane, a curious piece of mechanism for loading and
|unloading ships; from which, to the mouth of the river Frome, the
|quay is called _The Gibb_.
|
|The Avon being joined by the Frome, passes on by the Hot-well
|through the rocks of St. Vincent, in a winding course of about
|eight miles, and discharges itself into the Bristol Channel; on
|the banks are several dock yards, and the merchants’ floating dock
|is extremely large.
|
|The cathedral church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was founded
|in the reign of King Stephen, in 1140; it is 175 feet long; the
|tower is 130 feet high, square, and ornamented with four
|pinnacles: the church, though not large, has many gothic beauties
|within, and a good organ; it is adorned with painted windows, and
|several handsome monuments, particularly that of Mrs. Draper, the
|celebrated Eliza of Sterne. Behind the church is a cloister, in
|which are the entrances to the library and bishop’s palace. To the
|west of the church is a most beautiful gothic gateway, ornamented
|with statues.
|
|Bristol contains 17 parish churches, and five chapels. The church
|of St. Mark, opposite the cathedral, was formerly collegiate: now
|it is the mayor’s chapel. All the churches are neat, beautifully
|decorated, and most of them have many handsome monuments: that of
|St. Mary’s, Redcliff, is one of the finest in the kingdom,
|containing two beautiful monumental statues of its founder,
|William Canninge, who had been five times mayor of the city; in
|one appearing habited as a magistrate, and in the other as a
|priest, he having in his latter days taken holy orders: there is
|also another of Sir William Penn, father of the famous Quaker.
|Here are also many hospitals and charitable institutions.
|
|On College Green is a stately high cross, with the statues of
|several kings round it.
|
|There are 13 city companies, several of whom have elegant halls,
|particularly the Merchant’s Hall, in Princes Street, a capacious
|stone structure, enclosed by an iron pallisade, with a very
|curious front. The Cooper’s Hall, in King Street, has a superb
|front, with four Corinthian columns. There are also several
|handsome squares: Queen Square has a spacious walk, shaded with
|trees; in the centre is a fine equestrian statue of William the
|Third, by Rysbrack.
|
|The government of the city is administered by a mayor, 12
|aldermen, all justices of the peace, two sheriffs, 28 common
|council, town clerk, and deputy town clerk, chamberlain,
|vice-chamberlain, under-sheriff, &c. besides a city marshal, and
|other inferior officers.
|
|A mile below the city, close by the river, is the Hot-well, the
|waters of which are reckoned specific for the diabetes,
|phthisical, scorbutic, and inflammatory disorders. It is a great
|resort for invalids during the summer, for whose accommodation and
|entertainment there are a pump-room, ball-room, coffee-house,
|taverns, and elegant lodging-houses, both below, on a level with
|the well, and above, in the delightful village of Clifton,
|situated on the brow of a hill, the prospect from which is
|beautifully romantic, and from the purity of its air and its
|situation, it has generally been termed the Montpelier of England.
|
|Clifton is at all times preferable to any place of residence in or
|about Bristol; for it is not only convenient for the wells, but is
|so happily situated with respect to Durdham Downs, that, without
|fatigue, valetudinarians are in a few minutes conveyed to them,
|and thereby enjoy an advantage equal, if not superior in effect,
|to that of the waters. Indeed this the physicians themselves
|acknowledge, and therefore the sick drive hither for health, and
|the unailing for amusement.
|
|The Bristol and Matlock waters are of the same quality, their
|mineral contents being _chalk_, _lapis calcareous_, and
|_calaminaris_, without any impregnation of iron. In the rocks
|above the well are found beautiful crystals; and the rivers afford
|salmon, eels, plaice, flounders, dabs, and vast quantities of
|elvers, and higher up trout, roach, and dace.
|
|In the markets of Bristol there is an astonishing plenty and
|variety of provisions, fruit, and vegetables. The city gives the
|title of Earl to the family of Hervey, and here the famous Thomas
|Chatterton was born, his father being sexton of St. Mary’s
|Redcliff.
|
|In 1777, an incendiary, called Jack the Painter, set fire to
|different parts of this city, and occasioned considerable damage.
|
|Britford, Wilts, 209. A parish containing 125 houses, and 675
|inhabitants.
|
|Britford Bridge, Wilts, 209.
|
4|Brixton Causeway, Surrey, 52.
|
5|Brixton Hill, Surrey, 52.
|
|Broadbridge Mill, Sussex, 215.
|
9|Broad Green, Surrey, 53.
|
122|Broadleaze, Somerset, 167.
|
55|Broadwater, Sussex, 67, 218. A parish containing 183 houses, and
|1018 inhabitants.
|
125|Broadway, Dorset, 171. A parish containing 42 houses, and 210
|inhabitants.
|
134|Broadway, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 57 houses, and 328
|inhabitants.
|
225|Brocka Barrow, Cornwall, 154.
|
87|Brockenhurst, Hants, 93. This hamlet contains 127 houses and 632
|inhabitants, and is one of those sequestered retreats where the
|lovers of rural life would find their highest gratification. It
|lies at an agreeable distance both from Lymington and Southampton,
|and the environs are studded with seats, among which that
|belonging to Edward Moraunt, Esq. occupies one of the most
|delightful and select situations in the whole forest.
|
10|=Bromley=, Kent, 16. A market town and parish, seated on the river
|Ravensbourne. Near the town is a palace of the Bishops of
|Rochester, where there is a mineral spring, of similar quality to
|that at Tunbridge; and the manor of this place was granted to the
|bishop by king Edgar, in the year 700. The church is a very old
|structure. There is still standing a college, erected by Bishop
|Warner in the reign of Charles the Second, for 20 poor clergymen’s
|widows, with an allowance of £20, together with £50 per annum to
|the chaplain. This was the first endowment of the kind established
|in England. The allowance has since been augmented to £30 per
|annum, and £60 to the chaplain, through the munificence of the
|Rev. Mr. Hetherington and Bishop Pearce, the former of whom left
|£2000, and the latter £5000. Bromley contains 419 houses, and 2965
|inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.
|
12|Bromley Common, Kent, 16.
|
9|Bromley Hill, Kent, 16.
|
38|Brook Green, Surrey, 33.
|
96|Brook Water, Wilts, 138.
|
|Broomfield, Hants, 212.
|
|Broomfield, Wilts, 205.
|
109|Bruton, Somerset, 173. A market town and parish, deriving its name
|from its situation on the river Brue, over which it has a stone
|bridge. It is a well-built town, composed chiefly of three
|streets, at the meeting of which is a very convenient market
|place, built by a subscription of the farmers. The church is a
|handsome building, and has two quadrangular towers, one at the
|west, and the other at the north aisle. The Quarter Sessions for
|the eastern division of the county is sometimes held here, and it
|has a small manufacture of stockings, and inferior kinds of
|woollen goods. It contains 317 houses, and 1631 inhabitants, and
|has a market on Saturday.
|
123|Brympton, Somerset, 141. A parish containing 21 houses, and 133
|inhabitants.
|
231|Buckapit, Cornwall, 124.
|
230|Buckaton, Cornwall, 124.
|
194|Buckfastleigh, Devon, 119. A parish containing 260 houses, and
|1525 inhabitants. The remains of a Cistercian monastery are here
|visible.
|
|Buckingham, Sussex, 219.
|
70|Buckland, Kent, 10. A parish containing 71 houses, and 346
|inhabitants.
|
138|Buckland St. Mary, Somerset, 169. A hamlet containing 81 houses,
|and 418 inhabitants.
|
|Bull Moor, Wilts, 206.
|
111|Bullstake Hill, Somerset, 140.
|
86|Burcomb, Wilts, 136. A parish containing 54 houses, and 254
|inhabitants.
|
22|Burfoot Bridge, Surrey, 63.
|
|Bursledon, Hants, 221. A small port, where vessels are employed in
|the flour, timber, and hop trade; containing 73 houses, and 522
|inhabitants.
|
|Bursledon Bridge, Hants, 221.
|
99|Burton, Wilts, 164.
|
56|Bury, Sussex, 43. A parish containing 62 houses, and 361
|inhabitants.
|
57|Bury Hill, Sussex, 43.
|
60|Bury Hill Camp, Hants, 101.
|
15|Bury Mead, Middlesex, 174.
|
12|Butcher’s Grove, Middlesex, 174.
|
56|Butser Hill, Hants, 30. From the summit of this hill, on a clear
|day, Salisbury Cathedral is visible at the distance of forty
|miles.
|
50|Byworth Street, Sussex, 43.
|
|
|C.
|
113|Cadbury Castle, or _Camalet_, Somerset, 166. The ruins of this
|place proclaim it one of the most stupendous fortifications in the
|kingdom. It is described to have been, in the year 1612, a hill of
|a mile in compass at the top, having four trenches, and betwixt
|every one an earthen wall, encircling an area within of about
|twenty acres, full of ruins and relics of old buildings: great
|number of Roman coins have been found here, and other works of
|antiquity, among which a silver horse-shoe is mentioned by Stow. A
|part of these ruins is denominated King Arthur’s Palace. The
|rampart is made of large stones, covered with earth, with only one
|entrance facing the east, guarded by several ditches. Various
|opinions are entertained by different writers as to the origin of
|this place; but the most probable conjecture appears to be that of
|attributing it to the Romans.
|
112|Cadbury, North, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 173 houses, and
|810 inhabitants.
|
113|Cadbury, South, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 37 houses, and
|214 inhabitants.
|
8|Cadet Barracks, Kent, 1.
|
205|Cadleigh, Devon, 121. A parish containing 38 houses, and 226
|inhabitants.
|
80|Cadnam, Hants, 87.
|
66|Cake Wood, Wilts, 182.
|
42|Calcot, Berks, 178.
|
42|Calcot Green, Berks, 178.
|
270|Calenick, Cornwall, 129.
|
254|Callerick, Cornwall, 158.
|
87|=Calne=, Wilts, 184. A borough and market town of considerable
|antiquity, supposed to have risen out of the ruins of an old Roman
|colony on the other side of the river Calne, near Studley, where
|many Roman coins have been found. Here was one of the palaces of
|the West Saxon kings; and it also had a castle, but there are now
|no traces thereof left. The town is well built, and the church is
|a large structure, with a handsome square tower.
|
|This town has of late years experienced many improvements, through
|the patronage of the Marquis of Lansdown. It stands on the river
|Marden, whence it has a good supply of water, and by the side of
|which are many fulling and corn mills.
|
|Calne contains 775 houses, and 3767 inhabitants; its chief
|manufactory is cloth; and it has a market on Tuesday.
|
89|Cain Hill, Wilts, 199.
|
71|Cambreach, Wilts, 182.
|
115|Camel Hill, Somerset, 166.
|
116|Camel West, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 38 houses, and 224
|inhabitants.
|
|Cams, East, Hants, 222.
|
103|Canford Bottom, Dorset, 90.
|
101|Canford Bridge, Dorset, 90.
|
100|Cann, Dorset, 138. A parish containing 32 houses, and 203
|inhabitants.
|
55|CANTERBURY, Kent, 8, 11. A city, and the metropolitan see of all
|England. It is situated in a pleasant valley, between hills of a
|moderate height and easy ascent, among which are several springs.
|The river Stour passes here, and dividing into several small
|streams, forms islands of various sizes, in one of which the
|western part of the city stands.
|
|It was the _Durovernum_ of the Romans; and the Britons called it
|_Caer Kent_, that is, the city of Kent. It is mentioned as a city
|in Antonine’s Itinerary, and its ancient importance appears from
|the strong military causeways leading to Dover and Lymme through
|the city, as well as the many Roman vestiges and coins found in
|and about the neighbourhood; and its archiepiscopal and
|metropolitan dignity seems also to have been settled very early.
|
|This city was given entirely to the bishops by William Rufus; and
|it was held in particular veneration after the murder of Becket,
|in the reign of Henry the Second; to whose shrine, so great were
|the offerings, that Erasmus says, the whole church and chapel in
|which he was interred, glittered with jewels.
|
|The cathedral has been several times destroyed by fire: the
|present structure was built about the year 1174; but not entirely
|completed till the reign of Henry the Fifth: kings, princes,
|cardinals and Bishops, are buried in it. During the great
|rebellion it suffered much; Cromwell made a stable of it for his
|dragoons; but after the restoration it was repaired. The body of
|the church measures 178 feet from the western door to the choir
|steps; and the breadth, including the aisles, 71 feet, and the
|vaulted roof 80 feet. It was new paved with Portland stone, in
|1788. The choir is the most spacious of any in the kingdom, being
|180 feet in length from the western door to the altar. The altar
|piece was designed by Sir James Burrough, master of Caius College,
|Cambridge; and the great stained window is the most beautiful of
|the kind in England. In 1784, an elegant organ was put up, built
|in the Gothic style. Behind the altar is the beautiful chapel of
|the Holy Trinity, in the middle of which stood the shrine of St.
|Thomas à Becket; part of the flat is curiously inlaid with mosaic
|work, and contains the episcopal chair, composed of three pieces
|of grey marble. In the mint yard, within the precincts of this
|church, is a public grammar school, founded by Henry the Eighth.
|
|Christ’s-church gate is an elegant structure, built in 1517. From
|this gate you have a view of Oxford steeple, a tower 130 feet
|high, with four handsome pinnacles; and that stately tower called
|Bell Harry steeple, being 235 feet high; on its top hangs a small
|bell, called _Bell Harry_, which is tolled every day for prayers:
|but never rung, except on the death of a King, Queen, or
|Archbishop.
|
|The four principal streets are disposed in the form of a Cross,
|and divided into six wards. It is called the city, and county of
|the city of Canterbury, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, 12
|aldermen, 24 common councilmen, with a sheriff and coroner, and 4
|serjeants at mace. It has sent members to parliament ever since
|the reign of Edward the First. Great improvements have been made
|here lately; the streets, which were formerly paved with flints,
|are now smooth pavements; the old signs and projecting buildings
|are removed, the whole is well lighted with lamps, and a regular
|watch set at 10 o’clock.
|
|A slip of land, called _Dungehill_, of about six acres, having an
|artificial mount, is now converted into the City Mall; the sides
|are adorned with spiral walks to the top, the old towers with
|shrubberies, and the old ramparts are also converted into a
|beautiful terrace. The Guildhall, in High Street, is a handsome
|and lofty building, adorned with the portraits of the City
|benefactors. Over the Canterbury bank are some large and elegant
|assembly rooms. Its manufactures are of worsted, silk, and cotton;
|the former furnishes employment for several hundred persons, in
|the fabrication of what is called Canterbury muslins. The city is
|surrounded on all sides with extensive hop grounds, contains 16
|parishes, 2018 houses, and 10,498 inhabitants, and is famed for
|its excellent brawn.
|
|The Archbishop of Canterbury is primate and metropolitan of all
|England, and is the first peer in the realm; and wherever the
|court may be, the King and Queen are his proper domestic
|parishioners.
|
|To the cathedral belongs 1 archbishop, 1 dean, 1 chancellor, 1
|archdeacon, 12 prebends, 6 preachers, 6 minor canons, 6
|substitutes, 12 lay clerks, 10 choristers, 2 masters, 50 scholars,
|and 12 almsmen.
|
29|Capel, Surrey, 64. A parish containing 99 houses, and 675
|inhabitants. A singular phenomenon is recorded to have happened
|here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth: part of a hill was divided
|from the other part, and removed to some distance.
|
79|Carmor Common, Hants, 91.
|
223|Carneglos, Cornwall, 154.
|
112|Carnicot, Somerset, 188.
|
233|Cartuther, Cornwall, 124.
|
254|Carvath, Cornwall, 127.
|
261|Carvoza, Cornwall, 128.
|
260|Castle, Cornwall, 128.
|
100|Castle, Wilts, 164.
|
241|Castle Down, Cornwall, 156.
|
115|Castleton, Dorset, 140. (_see Sherborne_)
|
|Catersfield, Hants, 222.
|
139|Catcott, Somerset, 191. A hamlet containing 66 houses, and 391
|inhabitants.
|
30|Catherine Hill, Surrey, 27.
|
|Catwater, Devon, 122. (_See Plymouth._)
|
102|Causeway, Dorset, 139.
|
98|Chaddenwych Barn, Wilts, 164.
|
130|Chalice Hill, Somerset, 190.
|
23|Chalk, Kent, 4. A parish containing 62 houses, and 322
|inhabitants.
|
24|Chalk Church, Kent, 4.
|
39|Chalkwell, Kent, 6.
|
69|Chandler’s Ford Bridge, Hants, 78.
|
113|Chapel Bridge, Somerset, 166.
|
44|Chapel, North, Sussex, 38. A parish containing 93 houses, and 621
|inhabitants.
|
100|Chapel Plaste, Wilts, 200.
|
|Chapmanslade Cross Roads, Wilts, 205.
|
138|=Chard=, Somerset, 143, 145. A market town and parish. The town
|consists chiefly of two streets, intersecting each other, composed
|of good commodious houses. The church is a low building,
|possessing nothing remarkable either in internal or external
|decorations. At the angle where the two streets meet, stands an
|ancient Gothic building, formerly a chapel, but now used as a town
|hall.
|
|Chard contains 534 houses, and 2784 inhabitants. Several streams
|run through the town, and keep it clean. The assizes were held
|here formerly, and the town sent members to parliament; but it
|lost the privilege by negligence. At the west end of the town
|rises a very fine spring, conveyed by leaden pipes to four
|conduits, which supply the inhabitants with water. The market is
|held on Monday, and is abundantly supplied with corn.
|
136|Chard Common, Somerset, 143.
|
136|Chard Elm, Somerset, 143.
|
141|Chard, South, Somerset, 144.
|
253|Charlstown, Cornwall, 127.
|
107|Charlton Down, Dorset, 107.
|
141|Charmouth, Dorset, 112. This village derives its name from its
|situation near the mouth of the river Char. It stands at the foot
|of an amazing hill, no less than 1000 feet high, opposite to which
|is another 970 feet high. Here the Danes twice defeated the
|English; but, in 833, they were in turn completely routed, with
|the loss of nearly their whole fleet, consisting of 35 sail. It
|contains 64 houses, and 369 inhabitants.
|
|Charterhouse Hinton, Somerset, 204.
|
30|=Chatham=, Kent, 4. This town is situated by the river Medway, and
|is joined to Rochester, to which it is a suburb. It was built by
|King Charles the Second after the Dutch war; but the dock was
|begun by Queen Elizabeth, and has been so much improved, that it
|is now the first arsenal in the world. The houses of the various
|officers are well built, and some of them even stately. The
|dock-yard, including the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in
|length, and some of the store rooms are near 700 feet long.
|Although the stores of the navy are so immense in these magazines,
|every thing is arranged in the greatest order. Here are upwards of
|20 smiths’ forges constantly at work, and some of the anchors that
|are made weigh near five tons. The new rope-house is 1140 feet in
|length, in which cables are made 120 fathoms long, and 22 inches
|round. In the yard are four docks for repairing, and six slips for
|building, new ships. The ordnance wharf, which adjoins hereto, was
|the original dock, where the guns belonging to each ship are now
|arranged in tiers, with the names of the vessels they belonged to
|marked above them.
|
|In 1558 the _Chest of Chatham_ was instituted by the seamen in the
|service of Queen Elizabeth, each paying a portion of his pay for
|the relief of the sufferers in the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
|There is also here an hospital for the relief of aged mariners or
|shipwrights.
|
|At the entrance of the town stands the victualling office, whence
|his Majesty’s ships at Chatham and Sheerness are supplied with
|provisions. Near it stands the chapel of ease to the parish
|church, it is a circular building, the walls of which are three
|feet thick, and appears of great antiquity, probably of Norman
|origin by the architecture. This chapel is 74 feet long and 20
|wide, the west end and steeple having been added in 1743.
|
|Chatham is defended by the castles of Upnor and Gillingham; the
|first is almost opposite the dock on the west side of the river.
|Gillingham Castle is a very strong fortification, and has a
|complete command of the river.
|
|The church stands on a hill adjoining the ordnance office; it
|contains several elegant marble monuments, and the ordnance office
|has granted a piece of ground, a little distance therefrom, as a
|burial ground, where a ship is used as a church for the sailors.
|
|In 1667 the Dutch fleet proceeded up the Medway, took Sheerness,
|and did considerable damage to Chatham.
|
|The population of Chatham has of late years considerably
|increased; it contains 1715 houses, and 10,505 inhabitants,
|exclusive of Gillingham, which contains 715 houses, and 4135
|inhabitants: and it has a market on Saturday.
|
48|Chawton, Hants, 82, 95. This parish contains 64 houses, and 372
|inhabitants.
|
84|Cherhill, Wilts, 184. A hamlet in the parish of Calne, containing
|60 houses, and 304 inhabitants.
|
183|Cheriton Cross, Devon, 148.
|
61|CHICHESTER, Sussex, 36, 40, 41, 216. A city and county of itself;
|containing nine parishes, 821 houses, and 4744 inhabitants. It is
|situated in a pleasant vale on the little river Lavant, which
|washes it on all sides, except the north, and is said to have been
|built by _Cissa_, the second king of the South Saxons, and named
|_Cissan Caester_. It consists of four principal streets, in the
|form of a cross, is surrounded with a stone wall, and had formerly
|four gates: the streets are broad, handsome, and well paved, and
|there are six parish churches within the walls. This city sends
|two members to parliament, and is governed by a mayor, recorder,
|and 38 common councilmen, 4 justices of the peace being chosen out
|of the aldermen. An ancient nunnery founded here, is now converted
|into an hospital which has a very neat chapel. The Guildhall,
|situated in an obscure part of the city, is a spacious ancient
|building, and the council chamber, which is over the market house,
|supported by pillars, is both neat and elegant, adjoining to which
|is a subscription assembly room, and there is a small theatre,
|situated at the bottom of South-street.
|
|The bishop’s palace, erected in 1727, has very commodious and well
|laid-out grounds. The cathedral, which is built in the form of a
|cross, on the site of St. Peter’s the Great, and dedicated to the
|Holy Trinity, is an elegant Gothic structure; the spire nearly 300
|feet high. The choir of late has been neatly repaired, and has a
|well-furnished library. In the south aisle is painted the history
|of its foundation, and under it are the portraits of our kings,
|from William the Conqueror to Edward the Sixth, continued in the
|chapter house and library, to George the Second: on the east side
|are the bishops. The see was translated here from Selsea, in the
|reign of William the Conqueror. In a nich, near the east door of
|St. Peter’s the Great, which stands within the cathedral, is a
|statue of bishop Seiffrid, who built the church in 1199, together
|with the palace, cloisters, &c.
|
|In the centre of the town stands a neat cross, of an octagonal
|form, supported on 8 arches. Adjoining the fish shambles, in the
|South-street, is a large reservoir and conduit of excellent water,
|with the figure of an ancient Druid above.
|
|In 1727, a Roman pavement was discovered here, and on the _brill_,
|near the city, is a Roman camp of an oblong square, supposed to
|have been raised by Vespasian; and from the soil being a hard
|gravel, must have been a work of great labour. There are vestiges
|of another about a mile and a half west, called Gonshill.
|
|The inconvenient distance of the town from the sea, has been
|partly remedied by a canal to Brocklesham bay. The haven affords
|excellent lobsters, and every other Wednesday there is here one of
|the largest markets for sheep and black cattle in the county,
|which not only supplies the city, but sends vast quantities to
|Portsmouth and London.
|
94|Chicklade, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 25 houses, and 150
|inhabitants.
|
93|Chicklade Bottom, Wilts, 163.
|
40|Chidingfold, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 162 houses, and 848
|inhabitants.
|
137|Chidiock, Dorset, 112. A township and chapelry, containing 107
|houses, and 578 inhabitants.
|
117|Chilcompton, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 74 houses, and 348
|inhabitants.
|
|Chilhampton, Wilts, 208.
|
134|Chillington Down, Somerset, 143.
|
162|Chilson, Somerset, 194.
|
162|Chilson Heathfield, Somerset, 194.
|
66|Chilton, Berks, 181. A parish containing 48 houses, and 244
|inhabitants. This place gave birth to the Lord Chief Justice
|Crook.
|
140|Chilton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 53 houses, and 310
|inhabitants.
|
88|Chilvester Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
|Chilworth, Hants, 211. A parish containing 18 houses, and 132
|inhabitants.
|
|Chilworth Common, Hants, 211.
|
125|Chinnock, East, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 60 houses, and
|505 inhabitants. This place is noted for a brackish spring,
|although 20 miles from the sea.
|
125|Chinnock Hutts, Somerset, 142.
|
93|=Chippenham=, Wilts, 185. A borough and market town, situated on
|the river Avon, over which it has a handsome bridge of 16 arches,
|and is mentioned to have been of considerable strength and
|importance in the time of Alfred the Great. The church is a
|venerable Gothic structure, supposed to have been built by the
|Hungerford family, whose arms are still to be seen upon its walls.
|The houses in general are neat and well built. It has a
|considerable manufacture of superfine woollen cloth; sends two
|members to parliament, and contains 667 houses, and 3366
|inhabitants. The market on Saturday is well supplied with all
|kinds of provision, and great quantities of corn.
|
74|Cholderton, Wilts, 160. A parish containing 35 houses, and 127
|inhabitants.
|
69|Cholderton, East, Hants, 159.
|
100|=Christchurch=, Hants, 94. A borough and market town, pleasantly
|situated at the conflux of the rivers Avon and Stour, which, about
|a mile and a half distant, falls into the sea at Christchurch bay.
|It derives its name from a collegiate church built here by the
|West Saxons, and was formerly called Christchurch Twynham, and had
|also a castle.
|
|The river Avon was made navigable from Salisbury in 1680, and is
|famous for its salmon fishery. A little to the east is Hordell
|Cliff, which runs for a mile along the shore, and is 150 feet
|above the level of the sea. Christchurch sends two members to
|parliament, contains 290 houses, and 1410 inhabitants, having a
|considerable trade in knit silk stockings and watch chains. Market
|on Monday.
|
181|=Chudleigh=, Devon, 118. A market town and parish, situated near
|the river Teign, having a considerable woollen manufactory. Here
|was formerly a Benedictine monastery, and a palace of the bishop
|of Exeter. It gives title of baron to the Clifford family;
|contains 360 houses, and 1786 inhabitants, and has a market on
|Saturday.
|
183|Chudleigh Bridge, Devon, 118.
|
22|Cippenham Court, Bucks, 175.
|
96|City, The, Wilts, 200.
|
3|Clapham, Surrey, 45. This village consists chiefly of one long
|street, and a number of handsome houses surrounding a common,
|which is so well planted with various trees, that it has now the
|appearance of a park: though, formerly, it was little better than
|a morass. This improvement was chiefly effected by a subscription
|of the inhabitants. Near the road to Wandsworth is a reservoir of
|fine water, which supplies the parish. On the north-east corner of
|the common, a new church was erected in 1776, at the expence of
|£ll,000; but it has no cemetery. On the site of the old church a
|new chapel has been lately erected, in which the funeral service
|is performed when there are any interments. Clapham contains 480
|houses, and 3864 inhabitants.
|
3|Clapham Common, Surrey, 45, (_See Clapham._)
|
|Clapham Common, Sussex, 218.
|
30|Clarks Green, Surrey, 64.
|
76|Clatford, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 26 houses, and 122
|inhabitants.
|
|Clay Street, Wilts, 210.
|
47|Clayton, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 55 houses, and 337
|inhabitants.
|
50|Clerken Green, Hants, 99.
|
232|Clicker, Lower, Cornwall, 124.
|
231|Clicker Tor, Cornwall, 124.
|
51|Cliff, Sussex, 59. (_See Lewes._)
|
120|Clifton, Gloucester, 203. (_See Bristol._)
|
256|Clisey Hill, Cornwall, 127.
|
176|Clopton Bridge, Devon, 117.
|
77|Clorus’s Camp, Wilts, 103, 135. Clorus’s Camp, or _Figbury Ring_,
|is situated on a commanding eminence. This entrenchment is of a
|circular form, and comprehends an area of nearly fifteen acres
|within the outer vallum, which is forty-six feet in height, and
|1078 yards in circumference. The principal entrance faces the
|east, and is defended by two outworks; there are also two other
|openings, one towards the south, and the other towards the west,
|and a deep ditch, excavated within the area, apparently the
|boundary of a lesser camp.
|
210|Coadron, Devon, 152.
|
102|Coal Cot, Wilts, 172.
|
|Coates, Sussex, 218. A parish containing only 6 houses, and 30
|inhabitants.
|
143|Coaxdon Common, Dorset, 144.
|
144|Coaxdon Mill, Dorset, 144.
|
144|Coaxdon, Lower, Dorset, 144.
|
19|Cobham Street, Surrey, 25. A parish pleasantly situated by the
|river Mole, over which are two neat brick bridges. It contains 208
|houses, and 1200 inhabitants. Here are two medicinal springs,
|Cobham Wells, and the Spa; formerly much noted, but now in no
|repute. On the banks of the Mole there are several charming
|villas, and the river affords plenty of pike, trout, perch, eels,
|&c.
|
139|Cock Hill, Somerset, 191.
|
52|Cocking, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 49 houses, and 300
|inhabitants.
|
51|Cocking Common, Sussex, 35.
|
|Codford, St. Mary, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 31 houses, and
|187 inhabitants.
|
|Codford, St. Peter, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 71 houses, and
|399 inhabitants.
|
107|Cogley Wood, Somerset, 173.
|
124|Coker Hill, Somerset, 142.
|
123|Coker, West, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 128 houses, and
|758 inhabitants.
|
238|Coldrigen, Cornwall, 156.
|
176|=Collumpton=, Devon, 196. A market town, situated on the river
|Culm, which joins the Ex two miles above Exeter, and over which it
|has a bridge. Its principal trade is in woollen cloth, serges, and
|corduroys. It contains 615 houses, 3138 inhabitants, and has a
|market on Saturday. The church is a large and curious structure in
|the Gothic style; and formerly contained the figure of St. Columb,
|which was much resorted to by pilgrims: the gilded roof of the
|church is still preserved.
|
249|Colly Green, Cornwall, 126.
|
17|=Colnbrook=, 174. A market town situated on the river Coln; part
|of it is in Middlesex, and part in Bucks. It consists chiefly of
|one street, in the middle of which stands the chapel of ease, with
|a market house under it, where a market is held on Thursday.
|
46|Colthook Common, Sussex, 38.
|
202|Combe, Devon, 151.
|
132|Combe, Somerset, 143.
|
84|Combe Bisset, Wilts, 104.
|
86|Combe Common, Wilts, 104.
|
98|Combe Cross, Wilts, 138.
|
|Comb Down, Somerset, 204.
|
10|Combe Wood, Surrey, 24.
|
143|Common, South, Dorset, 144.
|
65|Compton, Hants, 78. A parish containing 34 houses, and 225
|inhabitants.
|
85|Compton Basset, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 71 houses, and 366
|inhabitants.
|
90|Compton Chamberlain, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 48 houses,
|and 283 inhabitants.
|
112|Compton Pauncefoot, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 30 houses,
|and 207 inhabitants.
|
|Copperas Gap, Sussex, 219.
|
62|Corhampton, Hants, 96. This village contains 18 houses, and 130
|inhabitants.
|
97|=Corsham=, Wilts, 186. A market town and parish, consisting
|chiefly of one street; which is neat and well built, with a
|handsome market house: the church is an ancient building. It is a
|pleasant and healthy place, but standing on a dry stoney soil is
|not fertile, and its chief support is the woollen manufacture. The
|fields in the neighbourhood are in general inclosed with stone
|walls instead of hedges. It contains 458 houses, and 2402
|inhabitants. Market on Wednesday.
|
67|Cosham, Hants, 32, 214, 223.
|
141|Cossington, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 49 houses, and 237
|inhabitants.
|
111|Coston, Somerset, 202.
|
|Cotley Hill, Wilts, 206.
|
108|Cottage Crescent, Somerset, 187.
|
230|Council Barrow, Cornwall, 155.
|
64|Court Week, Sussex, 44.
|
88|Cowden Down, Wilts, 105.
|
249|Cowland, Cornwall, 157.
|
|Cowsfield Green, Wilts, 210.
|
127|Coxley, Somerset, 190.
|
127|Coxley Pound, Somerset, 190.
|
212|Crab Tree, Devon, 122.
|
181|Crab Tree, Devon, 196.
|
113|Crackment Hill, Somerset, 140.
|
223|Crafthole, Cornwall, 123.
|
143|Crandon Bridge, Somerset, 192.
|
12|Cranford Bridge, Middlesex, 174.
|
30|Crawley, Sussex, 49. A parish containing 26 houses, and 210
|inhabitants.
|
13|Crayford, Kent, 2. The name is derived from an ancient ford over
|the river Cray, or Crouch; which, a little below this town, falls
|into the Darent. Here are some considerable callico printing
|grounds, and a manufactory for slitting iron and rolling it into
|hoops. In this and the adjoining parishes are a number of deep
|caverns, artificially cut out of the chalk pits; concerning the
|origin of which various conjectures have been formed. The church
|stands on an eminence, and is ornamented with a beautiful
|altar-piece. The river produces excellent trout. It contains 187
|houses, and 1210 inhabitants.
|
182|Crediton Lane End, Devon, 148.
|
130|=Crewkerne=, Somerset, 142. A market town and parish, lying in a
|pleasant valley on the branches of the rivers Parret and Axe, and
|consists of five principal streets; the church is an elegant
|Gothic structure, richly ornamented. The market-house is roomy,
|and stands in the centre of the town; it is well supplied on
|Saturdays with provisions, corn, &c. It contains 489 houses, and
|2576 inhabitants.
|
93|Cribbage Hutt, Wilts, 137.
|
136|Cricket Wood, Somerset, 143.
|
138|Crim Chard, Somerset, 145.
|
|Crockerhill, Sussex, 216.
|
184|Crockernwell, Devon, 148.
|
63|Croix, St., Hants, 78, 84.
|
77|Cromlech, The Devil’s Den, Wilts, 183. This ancient monument is
|formed of two upright stones, supporting a vast flat one as an
|impost; and, from the great breadth of the supporters, it has the
|appearance of a cave. Near it are two other stones lying on the
|ground, one in contact with the western upright. These monuments,
|many of which are extant, both here and in Scotland and Ireland,
|are generally supposed to be of Druidical origin.
|
|Crooks Gate, Hants, 213.
|
69|Cross Ford, Wilts, 182.
|
102|Cross, High, Wilts, 164.
|
201|Cross Lanes, Devon, 151.
|
4|Cross, New, Surrey, 1, 15.
|
10|=Croydon=, Surrey, 53. A market town and parish. The town is in
|general well built, and pleasantly situated on the edge of
|Banstead Downs, containing 1474 houses, and 7801 inhabitants. Its
|chief manufactures are paper and printed cottons; and its church
|is a handsome Gothic structure, containing several fine monuments,
|particularly of the archbishops of Canterbury, and formerly had a
|chantery.
|
|The manor has belonged to the archbishop of Canterbury from the
|days of William the Conqueror; but the archbishops’ palace is now
|converted into a manufactory. Vast quantities of charcoal are made
|here, with wood brought from the neighbouring hills, and it has a
|market on Saturday, which is well supplied with all kinds of
|provision, particularly fowl, oats, and oatmeal.
|
39|=Cuckfield=, Sussex, 50. A market town and parish, situated on a
|rising ground, having a spacious and handsome church, and a free
|grammar school, founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It has a
|small market on Friday.
|
275|Cuckold’s Corner, Cornwall, 130.
|
89|Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 185.
|
201|Cuffs Corner, Wilts, 200.
|
|Curbridge Common, Hants, 213.
|
80|Cursus, The, Wilts, 161. (_See Amesbury._)
|
183|Cutton, Devon, 197.
|
|
|D.
|
151|Dalwood Down, Dorset, 114.
|
194|Dart Bridge, Devon, 119.
|
15|=Dartford=, Kent, 2. A market town, deriving its name from an
|ancient ford over the river Darent. Here are to be seen the
|remains of a magnificent nunnery, founded by Edward the Third, (of
|which Bridget, the daughter of Edward the Fourth was prioress;)
|which at the Reformation was converted into a royal mansion. A
|branch of the old Roman Watling-street passes through this town.
|The parish church is situated in the main street, which is wide
|and commodious, with several handsome shops, and a good bridge
|over the Darent. The assizes were formerly held here. In the
|neighbourhood are some gunpowder mills, much esteemed for their
|produce.
|
|This town is remarkable for having been the place where the
|rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, first broke out, occasioned
|by the indecent behaviour of a tax gatherer towards the daughter
|of Tyler, who killed the offender with a pole-axe. The market is
|on Saturday, and it is well supplied with provisions, corn,
|cattle, &c. Dartford contains 535 houses, and 3177 inhabitants.
|
16|Dartford Brent, Kent, 3.
|
20|Datchet, Bucks, 175. This village is pleasantly situated opposite
|Windsor Little Park, by the side of the Thames, over which it has
|a bridge. It contains 102 houses, and 857 inhabitants.
|
51|Dean, Hants, 99.
|
195|Dean Prior, Devon, 120. A parish containing 93 houses, and 495
|inhabitants.
|
56|Dean, West, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 103 houses, and 510
|inhabitants.
|
64|Denford, Lower, Berks, 181.
|
|Dennis’s, St., Abbey, Hants, 221.
|
4|Deptford, Kent, 1. This town is divided into Upper and Lower
|Deptford, and contains 3068 houses, and 17,548 inhabitants; it has
|a commodious stone bridge over the small river Ravensbourn, near
|its fall into the Thames, at which place was anciently a very
|_deep ford_, whence the name of the town.
|
|The old church of St. Nicholas consists of a chancel, nave, and
|two aisles, and was rebuilt, excepting the tower, in 1697.
|
|The new church of St. Paul, which is a handsome stone structure,
|with a chancel, nave, and two aisles, supported by pillars of the
|Corinthian order, was erected in 1730, as one of the 50 new
|churches within the bills of mortality; when, by act of
|parliament, it was made a distinct parish.
|
|The Royal Dock Yard was first erected in the reign of Henry the
|Eighth. The storehouses, which form a square, have had several
|additional buildings; the whole yard covers 31 acres of ground,
|containing two wet docks, one single the other double, three
|slips, a bason, and two ponds for masts, with the various
|manufactories for anchors, cables, masts, blocks, &c. and
|apartments for the numerous officers employed. Here the royal
|yachts are generally kept. There are also several private docks in
|the neighbourhood for the building and repair of merchants’
|vessels. The Red House, a little to the north-west of Deptford, is
|the grand store for provisions, &c. for the royal navy.
|
|On the site where St. Nicholas’ workhouse now stands, was the
|manor house of Say’s Court, which was the residence of the Czar,
|Peter the Great, when he worked as a shipwright in this yard. Here
|the Society of the Trinity House was first formed in the reign of
|Henry the Eighth, and incorporated under the title of Master,
|Warden, and Assistants of the Guild of the Most Glorious and
|Undivided Trinity; the object of which institution is, for the
|increase and encouragement of navigation, and the good government
|of mariners, shipping, &c.
|
87|Deptford, Wilts, 162, 207.
|
90|Derry Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
111|Deverel Down, Dorset, 108.
|
187|Devicourt Devon, 149.
|
41|Devil’s Punch Bowl, Surrey, 28.
|
88|=Devizes=, Wilts, 199. A borough and market town, comprising three
|parishes, and containing 890 houses, and 4851 inhabitants; its
|manufactures chiefly consist of druggets, serges, kerseymeres, and
|malting. It has two churches and a chapel. The houses are old, and
|mostly built of timber. The Romans enclosed it with a vallum and
|ditch, in which there is now a road almost round the town; and on
|a small hill within the town are to be seen the remains of its
|strong castle. It is well fortified by nature, and was made almost
|impregnable by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury. Brass figures of
|household gods, coins, bricks, and urns, evidently Roman, have
|been dug up here.
|
|Near the castle rises a rivulet, which falls into the Avon near
|Bramham; and the town is greatly improved by the Kennet and Avon
|Canal, which here presents a beautiful appearance. The new Gaol,
|at the western extremity of the town, is also worthy of notice.
|
|This borough was incorporated by Charles the First, and sends two
|members to parliament. The markets are on Monday for butchers’
|meat, and on Thursday for horses, cattle, corn, wool, provisions,
|poultry, &c.
|
143|Devon Gate, Devon, 170.
|
44|Dial Post, Sussex, 66.
|
|Ditchampton, Wilts, 208. (_Population included with Wilton_)
|
14|Ditton Common, Surrey, 25.
|
13|Ditton Marsh, Surrey, 24.
|
237|Dobwalls, Cornwall, 125.
|
71|Dock Yard, Portsmouth, Hants, 32. (_see Portsmouth_)
|
54|Dog Kennel, Sussex, 39.
|
120|=Dorchester=, Dorset, 109, 171. A borough, market, and county
|town, standing on an elevation on the river Frome, comprising
|three parishes, 364 houses, and 2546 inhabitants. Its principal
|manufactures are serge and broad cloth. Its ancient name was
|_Durnovaria_, signifying the _passage of the river_, and it was
|strongly fortified, having four gates and a deep ditch; and in the
|time of the Saxons two mints were established here.
|
|The town is built in the direction of the four cardinal points,
|and the buildings are good. The foundation of the Roman wall
|appears quite round the town; but to the east there is a street
|built upon it, and the ditch is filled up. On the south-west side
|of the wall there is an agreeable walk between a row of trees; but
|the winding of the river to the north spoils the square of the
|town that way. It has a newly erected town hall and market place,
|and a commodious county gaol, built after Mr. Howard’s plan, on
|the site of an ancient castle. The streets are neatly paved, and
|the houses in general built regularly of stone.
|
|Dorchester sends two members to parliament, and the assizes for
|the county are held here. Several Roman antiquities, and the
|remains of military ways, have been discovered in this town,
|particularly a Mosaic pavement, four feet under the surface of the
|ground. St. Peter’s is the only church that can be called
|handsome. In the neighbourhood are extensive meadows, and a down
|on which vast flocks of sheep are fed. This place is noted for the
|excellence of its ale, which is sent to all parts of the kingdom.
|It has a good market on Wednesday and Saturday.
|
23|=Dorking=, Surrey, 63. A market town and parish. The town stands
|on a rock of soft sandy stone, in the angle of two fine vallies,
|surrounded by beautiful hills. The church is collegiate, and has a
|square tower near the centre, with eight bells, and a set of
|chimes. The streets are wide, well paved, and very clean. A great
|traffic is carried on in lime, which is accounted superior to any
|other made in the country: the town also supports a considerable
|trade in meal. Dorking is noted for its breed of poultry, which is
|remarkably large and fine, and singular for the birds having five
|toes in each claw. Capons bred here about Christmas, often weigh
|seven or eight pounds out of the feathers.
|
|In the suburbs are many elegant seats.
|
|The custom of Borough English prevails in this manor, by which the
|_youngest_ son is heir to a copyhold estate. It contains 607
|houses, and 3259 inhabitants; and has a market on Thursday.
|
71|=Dover=, Kent, 10. A sea port and market town, and one of the
|cinque ports, containing 3068 houses, and 13,418 inhabitants. This
|town lies in a valley, encompassed by a semicircle of hills, and
|was formerly surrounded by a wall which had 10 gates, and appears
|to have been in a very flourishing state in the reign of Edward
|the Confessor, who incorporated it by the style of a mayor and
|commonalty.
|
|The town consists of two parts, connected by a long narrow street,
|called Snaresgate Street, from the lofty rocks that overhang it,
|and seem to threaten the passenger with instant death. The town
|hall stands in the market place, and is ornamented with several
|good portraits, and a curious print of the embarkation of Henry
|the Eighth for France. It has also a neat assembly room, a
|theatre, and two circulating libraries.
|
|Here were formerly seven churches, but five of them have long
|since been demolished; those remaining are dedicated to St. Mary
|the Virgin, and St. James: the former was built by the prior and
|convent of St. Martin’s, for the use of the inhabitants, and the
|foundation of its tower was built upon the remains of an ancient
|Roman bath. The church of St. James anciently belonged to the
|castle, and in it the Courts of Chancery and Admiralty for the
|Cinque Ports are still occasionally held. In the reign of Henry
|the Third a large religious house was founded by Hubert de Burgh,
|Earl of Kent, at the end of this town, called the _Maison Dieu_;
|but at the time of the reformation it was converted into a
|victualling office, for which purpose it is still used.
|
|Dover is celebrated in history as a place of the greatest
|importance ever since the Norman Conquest. Its ancient castle is
|supposed to have been built by Julius Cæsar. Henry the Second,
|about the year 1153, is said to have enclosed it with a new wall.
|The present entrance is on the south side of the main tower, by a
|grand flight of steps round the eastern side to the third story,
|or the governor’s apartments. These steps were secured by three
|strong gates, at each of which was a chamber or guard room, and a
|dungeon for prisoners, in which several persons of distinction
|have been confined at different times, but now used only for
|disorderly soldiers. These entrances, before the use of gunpowder,
|were impregnable, the walls being 18 feet thick. Without the Duke
|of Suffolk’s gate are commodious barracks, and wells which supply
|the garrison with water, being about 370 feet deep. After this
|castle was surrendered to William the Conqueror, it was
|considerably strengthened, and made more secure by the erection of
|two exterior walls from the Saxon fortification to the very edge
|of the perpendicular cliff and additional towers. In the exterior
|wall of the castle are 17 towers, most of them named from the
|persons under whom they were erected.
|
|In the reign of Charles I. this strong fortress was taken by
|surprise by a few men in the night. One Drake, a zealous
|republican, formed a plan to seize the garrison; and, accompanied
|by 10 or 12 men, at midnight, by the assistance of ropes and
|scaling ladders, he reached the top of the high cliff
|undiscovered. Having dispatched the sentinel, they threw open the
|gates, and the garrison, who were few in number, in the confusion
|supposing themselves to be attacked by superior numbers,
|surrendered up the castle to this handful of desperadoes.
|
|Under the castle to the north of the town, Captain Smith, the
|father of the gallant Sir Sidney Smith, has erected a pleasant
|though whimsical residence, called The Cave; it is hewn out of the
|solid rock.
|
|Near the edge of the cliff is a beautiful piece of brass ordnance,
|24 feet long, cast at Utrecht, in 1544, called _Queen Anne’s
|Pocket Pistol_, finely ornamented with figures in bass-relief: it
|was a present from the States of Holland to the Queen, and is said
|to be capable of carrying a twelve pound shot to the distance of
|seven miles.
|
|In time of peace this town is a great thoroughfare for persons
|passing and re-passing to and from France, the channel here being
|only nine leagues across to Calais, and with a fair wind the
|voyage is often made in one tide.
|
|The harbour has been considerably improved of late years, but
|still will only admit vessels of moderate burthen. The piers which
|form the haven are very costly works, defended by some very strong
|batteries, which are now continued in a chain along the coast,
|with numerous martello towers, &c. The market days are on
|Wednesday and Saturday.
|
117|Downhead, Somerset, 166. A hamlet containing 43 houses, and 225
|inhabitants.
|
59|Down Hurstbourn, Hants, 100.
|
106|Down, Little, Dorset, 107.
|
86|Down, Little, Wilts, 162.
|
122|Down, North, Dorset, 110.
|
127|Down, North, Somerset, 142.
|
45|Down Wood, Sussex, 20.
|
224|Dozmare Pool, Cornwall, 154.
|
|Drayton, Hants, 214, 223.
|
90|Drove End, Wilts, 105.
|
64|Droxford, Hants, 97. A parish containing 210 houses, and 1199
|inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in a fine open country,
|having an extensive view over Portsdown. The church is a good
|building, of Saxon architecture.
|
80|Druidical Temple, Wilts, 183, 198. The ruins of this temple
|evidently manifest its having once been the most extensive in the
|kingdom of which at present we have any remains, though from its
|situation being low, and it having been encroached upon by a
|village being formed within its area, consequently obscuring it by
|the erection of houses, planting trees, hedges, &c. it has not
|become so much an object of attention as Stonehenge, and other
|relicks of the kind situated on more commanding and less
|cultivated districts. This is nevertheless more calculated to
|excite astonishment, if strictly investigated, than any one of the
|others, though, from the circumstances above stated, it is
|certainly less striking to the superficial observer. As a monument
|of the peculiar rights and customs of a people with whose history,
|manners, and establishments we are totally unacquainted, this
|stupendous ruin certainly claims particular attention, there being
|still remaining numerous objects to awaken curiosity, and excite
|research.
|
|In its perfect state, this immense temple must have presented an
|appearance at once solemn and impressive: at present, part of its
|site is occupied by the village of Avebury, with the high road
|passing through it, bounded by lofty hills, and the greater part
|encircled by a deep and wide ditch, and a lofty vallum, within
|which are several very large stones, some standing erect, and
|others lying on the ground; at some distance, south and west of
|the village, are other stones in similar situations. According to
|Stukely, this temple originally consisted of 650 stones,
|independent of a large cromlech about a mile to the north.
|
|The vast barrow, called _Silbury Hill_, and numerous others in the
|neighbourhood, are all apparently connected with the work.
|
186|Drum Bridge, Devon, 118.
|
223|Drywork, Cornwall, 154.
|
103|Duncliff, Dorset, 139.
|
110|Duncorn Hill, Somerset, 187.
|
53|Duncton, Sussex, 39. A parish containing 30 houses, and 205
|inhabitants.
|
51|Duncton Common, Sussex, 39.
|
53|Duncton Hill, Sussex, 39.
|
111|Dunkerton, Somerset, 187. A parish containing 46 houses, and 238
|inhabitants.
|
89|Dunkirk, Wilts, 199.
|
37|Dunk’s Place, Kent, 19.
|
55|Dunstan’s, St., Kent, 8. A parish containing 132 houses, and 707
|inhabitants.
|
21|Dunton Green, Kent, 17.
|
|Durrington, Sussex, 218.
|
|
|E.
|
38|Early Common, Berks, 177.
|
59|Eartham, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 19 houses, and 114
|inhabitants.
|
59|Eartham Common, Sussex, 42.
|
49|Easebourn, Sussex, 34. A parish containing 90 houses, and 764
|inhabitants.
|
61|Eastergate, Sussex, 42. A parish containing 21 houses, and 163
|inhabitants.
|
64|Eddington, Berks, 181. (_Population included with Chilton_)
|
139|Edington, Somerset, 191. A hamlet situated on a Moor, containing
|46 houses, and 284 inhabitants. A number of clay moulds have been
|found here for making Roman coins, some of them joined with the
|metal in them, 20 of which are still preserved in the Ashmolean
|Museum.
|
52|Egdean, Sussex, 43. A small parish, containing 11 houses, and 72
|inhabitants.
|
51|Egdean Common, Sussex, 43.
|
18|Egham, Surrey, 71. A parish containing 363 houses, and 2190
|inhabitants. On Runny Mead are annual horse races, which are well
|attended.
|
19|Egham Common, Surrey, 71.
|
120|Emborrow, Somerset, 189. A township containing 54 houses, and 241
|inhabitants.
|
|Emsworth, Hants, 215. A hamlet to the parish of Warblington,
|pleasantly situated close to the sea, and noted for the peculiar
|flavour of its oysters. A small neat chapel has been erected here,
|the parish church of Warblington being above a mile distant.
|
|Emsworth Harbour, Sussex, 215.
|
|End, East, Hants, 212.
|
|End, East, Wilts, 207.
|
|End, West, Hants, 212.
|
45|Englefield, Berks, 178. A parish containing 62 houses, and 336
|inhabitants.
|
246|Enoder, St., Cornwall, 157. A parish containing 159 houses, and
|869 inhabitants.
|
14|Epsom, Surrey, 62. This village is delightfully situated on the
|west side of Banstead Downs, near which are some medicinal
|springs, discovered in 1618, formerly in much repute, but now,
|like most of those near London, quite neglected.
|
|This place is but badly supplied with water, chiefly from a pond
|in the middle of the town, at one end of which is the town close.
|The church stands about a mile and a half from the town.
|
|On the Downs are annual horse races, which are generally much
|frequented. The race-course being on an elevated situation,
|commands an extensive view of the surrounding country.
|
|Epsom contains 414 houses, and 2404 inhabitants.
|
15|Epsom Common, Surrey, 62.
|
252|Erme, St., Cornwall, 158. A parish containing 70 houses, and 358
|inhabitants.
|
15|Esher, Surrey, 25. A parish containing 154 houses, and 874
|inhabitants. It commands a pleasant and beautiful prospect over
|the surrounding country.
|
17|Esher Common, Surrey, 25.
|
22|Eton, Bucks, 175. This village, which consists principally of one
|street, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river
|Thames, opposite Windsor, to which it is connected by a bridge. It
|contains 290 houses, and 2026 inhabitants.
|
22|Eton College, Bucks, 175. This noble seminary of learning was
|founded by the unfortunate Henry the Sixth, in the year 1440. It
|is most advantageously situated in a valley both healthy and
|fertile, through which the river Thames winds its delightful
|course at a short distance from its walls, contributing greatly to
|the beauty of this truly interesting scene.
|
|This institution supports a provost, vice-provost, and seventy
|scholars, with various officers and assistants. Besides which
|there are seldom less than 300 noblemen and gentlemen’s sons, who
|board with the masters, and receive their education at this
|seminary.
|
|The college consists of two quadrangles: one of them is
|appropriated to the school, and the lodging of the masters and
|scholars; the other contains the apartments of the provost and
|fellows, and likewise the library, which is regarded as one of the
|finest in Europe. Some very valuable drawings, paintings, and
|oriental manuscripts, are among its curiosities.
|
|The chapel is a fine gothic structure, ornamented with pinnacles
|and embrasures.
|
68|Ewell, Kent, 10. A parish containing 34 houses, and 172
|inhabitants.
|
13|=Ewell=, Surrey, 61. A market town and parish, containing 194
|houses, and 1112 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated, and
|remarkable for its numerous crystal springs, which unite and form
|the head of a fine stream, called Hog’s Mill River, which falls
|into the Thames at Kingston. The market is on Thursday.
|
172|EXETER, Devon, 116, 147, 197. This city was formerly called
|_Excestor_, or a city standing on the river Ex, and more anciently
|_Isex_; it was the _Isca Danmoniorum_ of the Romans. It is about
|three miles in circumference, a bishop’s see, and contains 3208
|houses, and 20,305 inhabitants, together with fifteen churches
|within the walls, and four without, besides several chapels.
|
|The cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, is a magnificent pile; but
|little of the original fabric remains, except the _Lady Chapel_.
|It has a ring of twelve bells, and an excellent organ. On the left
|side of the altar is still to be seen the seat where Edward the
|Confessor and his Queen sat and installed Leofricus, the first
|bishop, and in the south aisle is the same bishop’s monument. The
|north tower contains a bell, weighing 17,472 pounds.
|
|This city consists of four principal streets, all well paved, and
|meeting at a point, near which is a conduit. In the north-east
|part is an old castle, supposed to have been first built by the
|West Saxons, and was remarkably strong, both by nature and art; it
|also contains many spacious and elegant public buildings, and has
|a good bridge over the Ex, which cost £20,000. By means of
|floodgates, for keeping up the water at the flowing of the tide,
|vessels of 150 tons are brought to the quay near the city walls.
|
|Exeter gives title of marquis to the Cecil family, and sends two
|members to parliament. Its principal manufactures are woollen
|goods, of various descriptions; and here is held a weekly serge
|market, the largest in England, excepting that at Leeds, besides
|two other markets on Wednesday and Friday, for provisions, &c.
|This city is reckoned very healthy, notwithstanding its numerous
|population, and the closeness of the buildings.
|
62|Exton, Hants, 96. A parish containing 37 houses, and 224
|inhabitants. About two miles distant from the town, on a hill,
|there appears to have been a Roman camp, fortified with a rampart,
|called _Old Winchester_, where, according to tradition, there was
|formerly a city.
|
136|Eype Down, Dorset, 112.
|
|Eyre’s Summer House, Wilts, 209.
|
|
|F.
|
18|Fair Mile, Surrey, 25.
|
243|Fairy Cross, Cornwall, 126.
|
54|Falmer, Sussex, 60. A parish containing 48 houses, and 255
|inhabitants.
|
279|=Falmouth=, Cornwall, 130. A sea port and market town of
|considerable trade, situated at the mouth of the river Fale,
|containing 578 houses, and 4849 inhabitants, and having a
|commodious harbour, of sufficient depth to contain the largest
|ships, and defended by two castles, strongly fortified, built by
|Henry the Eighth.
|
|The town is tolerably well built, and has a custom-house for most
|of the Cornish towns. It carries on a considerable fishery of
|pilchards; and the packet boats for Spain, Portugal, and the West
|Indies, are established here. It has a good market on Tuesday,
|Thursday, and Saturday.
|
|Falmouth Harbour, Cornwall, 130. (_see Falmouth_)
|
73|=Fareham=, Hants, 98, 222. A market town, situated at the
|north-west extremity of Portsmouth Harbour, containing 621 houses,
|and 3325 inhabitants. During the summer season this town is much
|frequented for the purpose of sea-bathing, having a commodious
|bathing-house; and the houses are tolerably well built.
|
|Its principal manufactures are sacking and ropes; it has also a
|considerable trade in coals, and a good market on Wednesday.
|
|Farlington, Hants, 214, 223. A parish containing 53 houses, and
|302 inhabitants.
|
32|Farnborough, Hants, 80. A parish containing 48 houses, and 241
|inhabitants.
|
14|Farnborough, Kent, 16. A township and chapelry, containing 57
|houses, and 314 inhabitants.
|
38|=Farnham=, Surrey, 81. A market town, situated on the river Wey,
|containing 538 houses, and 2910 inhabitants, and deriving its name
|from the quantity of fern which grows in its vicinity. The town is
|neat, well paved, and has several handsome houses.
|
|Near this town is a cave formed in a rock, called _Mother Ludlam’s
|Hole_, through which passes a continual stream of fine water,
|which, after falling down a number of marble steps, runs into the
|river in the meadow below: this grotto is said to have been the
|favourite study of Dean Swift, when on a visit to Sir William
|Temple. It is large, but diminishes gradually, and winds away as
|the spring seems to have directed it. The bottom is paved with
|Mosaic tile: it is separated by a little parapet, through which
|the water flows, and falls into small marble troughs below each
|other, till conveyed out of the grotto. It appears that these
|springs were collected together for the use of the adjacent
|monastery. Part of the abbey and chapel ruins are still to be
|seen. In the neighbourhood are many extensive hop plantations. The
|market is held on Thursday.
|
22|Farnham End, Bucks, 175.
|
50|Farringdon, Hants, 95. A parish containing 64 houses, and 387
|inhabitants.
|
47|=Faversham=, Kent, 7. A market town and parish, situated on the
|river Swale, containing 639 houses, and 3655 inhabitants. The town
|appears to be very ancient, and the two Roman saints, Crispin and
|Crispianus, are said to have founded an asylum here, where they
|were bound apprentices to a shoemaker.
|
|So early as the year 811, this was denominated the King’s Town, in
|which King Cenwall granted a charter to Wulford, Archbishop of
|Canterbury. Here are also to be seen the ruins of an abbey,
|founded by King Stephen.
|
|The parish church is supposed to have been built about the reign
|of Edward the First. It is in the form of a cross: the walls are
|of flint, quoined with stone from Caen. The inside of the church
|is handsome, and well worthy of observation. Here are likewise an
|elegant assembly room, and a neat theatre.
|
|Faversham is noted for its extensive manufacture of gunpowder, and
|also for its celebrated oyster fishery, in which near 200 families
|are employed. The markets, which are held on Wednesday and
|Saturday, are well supplied with all kinds of provisions.
|
28|Felbridge, Sussex, 56.
|
159|Fenny Bridges, Devon, 115.
|
45|Fernhurst, Sussex, 34.
|
106|Fifehead, Dorset, 139. A parish containing 15 houses, and 72
|inhabitants.
|
69|Fifield, Hants, 159. A parish containing 43 houses, and 193
|inhabitants.
|
56|Filmer Hill, Hants, 96.
|
51|Finden, Sussex, 67. A parish containing 57 houses, and 381
|inhabitants.
|
|Fishbourn, Sussex, 215. A parish containing 26 houses, and 309
|inhabitants.
|
|Fishbourn, Old, Sussex, 215.
|
43|Fisher Street, Sussex, 37.
|
88|Fisherton de-la-Mere, Wilts, 162, 207. A parish containing 57
|houses, and 207 inhabitants.
|
81|Fisherton, Wilts, 136, 209. A parish containing 189 houses, and
|865 inhabitants. This place is of great antiquity, and formerly
|had a house of black friars.
|
50|Fish Pond Wood, Kent, 7.
|
52|Fittleworth, Sussex, 43. A parish containing 81 houses, and 564
|inhabitants.
|
53|Fittleworth Bridge, Sussex, 43.
|
242|Five Barrow Hill, Cornwall, 126.
|
174|Five Bridges, Devon, 196.
|
107|Five Bridges, Dorset, 139.
|
220|Five Lanes, Cornwall, 153.
|
44|Flimwell, Sussex, 20.
|
116|Flowers Hill, Somerset, 202.
|
279|Flushing, Cornwall, 130.
|
27|Folly, The, Berks, 176.
|
91|Fonthill Down, Wilts, 163.
|
94|Fonthill Giffard, Wilts, 163. A parish containing 76 houses, and
|494 inhabitants.
|
208|Ford, Devon, 121.
|
140|Ford, Somerset, 191.
|
79|Ford, Wilts, 103, 135.
|
38|Ford Green, Sussex, 58.
|
121|Fordington Fields, Dorset, 171.
|
143|Fordwater, Dorset, 144.
|
80|Forest, New, Hants, 87, 88, 92. This forest extends from Godshill
|on the north-west, to the sea on the south-east about 20 miles,
|and from Hardley on the east, to Ringwood on the west, being 15
|miles; containing 92,365 statute acres: and from its situation,
|with respect to water carriage, and its vicinity to Portsmouth
|Dock-yard, is far superior to every other forest in the kingdom.
|
32|Forest Row, Sussex, 57.
|
77|Forton, Hants, 98. (_Population included with Gosport_)
|
110|Fosse Road, Somerset, 187.
|
225|Four Holes Cross, Cornwall, 154.
|
91|Fovant, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 100 houses, and 514
|inhabitants.
|
244|Fradden, Cornwall, 157.
|
56|Freefolk, Hants, 100. A hamlet containing 8 houses, and 54
|inhabitants. Here is a paper mill, where the finer kinds of paper
|are manufactured, particularly that sort used by the Bank of
|England.
|
68|Friars’ Hill, Hants, 78.
|
45|Friars’ Oak, Sussex, 50.
|
44|Friday’s Hill, Sussex, 34.
|
30|Frimley, Surrey, 80. A hamlet containing 83 houses, and 532
|inhabitants.
|
30|Frimley Bridge, Hants, 80.
|
27|Frimley Heath, Surrey, 72, 80.
|
102|Frog Lane, Wilts, 164.
|
67|Froxfield, Wilts, 182. A parish containing 128 houses, and 492
|inhabitants. Here is a handsome and well-endowed almshouse,
|founded by Sarah, Duchess Dowager of Somerset, for the maintenance
|of 30 poor widows.
|
44|Froyle, Hants, 82. A parish containing 123 houses, and 744
|inhabitants.
|
84|Fugglestone, Wilts, 136, 208. A parish containing 111 houses, and
|590 inhabitants.
|
193|Fullaford, Devon, 149.
|
47|Furley Hill, Sussex, 34.
|
43|Furness, Old, Sussex, 65.
|
193|Furzely, Devon, 119.
|
77|Fyfield, Wilts, 183.
|
|
|G.
|
26|Gad’s Hill, Kent, 4. This place has been rendered famous by
|Shakspeare making it the scene of the frolics of Henry the Fifth,
|when Prince of Wales, and his companion Falstaff. On the spot is a
|public house, bearing the prince’s head on one side, and the fat
|knight and his companion on the other.
|
192|Gaggs, Devon, 119.
|
19|Galley Hill, Kent, 3.
|
22|Gander’s Hole, Surrey, 47.
|
243|Gaverigon, Cornwall, 156.
|
239|Gelly Copse, Cornwall, 125.
|
226|=Germains, St.=, Cornwall, 124. A borough, town, and parish,
|containing 350 houses, and 2030 inhabitants. The town is situated
|on a rising ground near the river Tidi, a branch of the Lyhner. It
|was a bishop’s see, gives title of Earl to the family of Eliot,
|and sends two members to parliament. It owes its name to a bishop
|of Auxene, who extirpated the Pelagian heresy from Britain, and to
|whose memory King Athelstan here founded a priory of secular
|canons. The see of Bodmin was translated hither in 981, and the
|remains of the bishop’s palace may still be traced in a farm about
|one mile distant from the town. The conventual church, which is
|now used as the parish church, is a large and handsome building,
|and still contains an episcopal choir, and the prebends’ stalls.
|
|The parish of St. Germains is the largest in the county, including
|sixteen villages.
|
64|Giles’s, St., Hill, Hants, 84.
|
131|=Glastonbury=, Somerset, 190. A market town, consisting of two
|parishes, containing 486 houses, and 2337 inhabitants. It derived
|its celebrity from its abbey, which, during a period of six
|hundred years, surpassed in value and authority every other in
|England, except that of Westminster; the grandeur of its ruins
|still convey an idea to the beholder of its ancient magnificence.
|The abbot lived in all the state of regal splendour, with an
|income of near forty thousand pounds _per annum_. The last abbot,
|refusing to surrender his abbey to King Henry the Eighth, was,
|with two of his monks, drawn on a hurdle to the Torr, near the
|town, and there hanged.
|
|This is said to be the burial place of the famous King Arthur.
|
|The town and environs of Glastonbury abound with religious relics;
|the most conspicuous of which is the Torr, or St. Michael’s Tower,
|which still remains an object of admiration to travellers.
|
|The town was built by king Ina, about the year 708, when after
|having been destroyed by the Danes, and subsequently by fire, it
|was rebuilt by Henry the Second.
|
|Near the town are found several petrifactions, resembling snakes,
|cockles, oyster-shells, &c. The market is on Tuesday.
|
277|Gluvias, St., Cornwall, 130.
|
33|=Godalming=, Surrey, 27. A market town and parish, containing 680
|houses, and 3543 inhabitants. This town is delightfully situated
|in a valley by the side of the river Wey, which is navigable from
|thence to Weybridge, where it falls into the Thames. The church is
|a neat building with a high and handsome spire. Its chief
|manufactures are woollen goods, particularly stockings and fleecy
|hosiery. Market on Saturday.
|
20|Godstone Green, Surrey, 55.
|
181|Golds Cross, Devon, 148.
|
275|Gonree, Cornwall, 130.
|
275|Gonree Moor, Cornwall, 130.
|
78|=Gosport=, Hants, 98. A market town situated on the west side of
|Portsmouth Harbour, over which there is a constant ferry. It
|contains 1474 houses, and 7788 inhabitants.
|
|This is a place of great trade and business, but more particularly
|so in time of war, from the number of docks here for the King’s
|service, and likewise a large iron foundery, in which various
|articles are cast for the use of the navy.
|
|A little to the south of this town near the sea, is that noble
|building, Haslar Hospital, for the cure of the sick and wounded
|seamen in his Majesty’s service. This building was begun in 1746,
|and finished in 1762, it stands on a dry gravelly soil, and is
|surrounded with an airing ground, near a mile in circumference,
|enclosed with a wall twelve feet high. On a pediment in the front
|of the hospital are various emblematical sculptures. The hall is
|very spacious, and the wards are all uniformly sixty feet long,
|and twenty broad.
|
|It has a strong fort, with a platform well mounted with cannon to
|defend the entrance into the harbour. The market is on Saturday.
|
260|=Grampound=, Cornwall, 128. A borough and market town, containing
|99 houses, and 601 inhabitants. It was made a borough, with very
|extensive privileges, by Edward the First, particularly that of
|freedom of toll throughout all Cornwall. It has a good stone
|bridge over the river Fale, or Vale, which is of considerable
|breadth here; and sends two members to Parliament. The market is
|on Saturday.
|
67|Gravel Hill, Hants, 97.
|
22|=Gravesend=, Kent, 3. A market-town, and the first port in the
|river Thames, containing 536 houses, and 31,119 inhabitants.
|
|The old town of Gravesend was burnt in 1380 by the French and
|Spaniards, who came up the river in row gallies. The present town
|was erected for the defence of the river in 1513, and, by a grant
|of Richard the Second, enjoys the privilege of conveying
|passengers to and from London. The boats depart from Billingsgate
|every tide at high water, on the ringing of a bell, and from
|Gravesend to London every flood. The fare, which was originally
|twopence, is now one shilling and sixpence. The church, which is
|an elegant building, was erected in 1731. All outward-bound
|vessels are obliged to bring-to here, till they have been examined
|by the proper custom house officers, and receive their clearances;
|here also all foreigners are detained on arriving from abroad,
|till they have obtained permission from the Secretary of State’s
|office to proceed; and all foreigners departing, must receive
|their clearances from the Alien Office here. Opposite the
|Block-house, on the Essex shore, is Tilbury Fort, having a strong
|battery. The market on Wednesday and Saturday is well supplied,
|and on Sunday there is a good fish market.
|
41|Gray’s Wood Common, Surrey, 33.
|
227|Greenbarrow, Cornwall, 154.
|
264|Green Mill, Cornwall, 128.
|
42|Green Street, Kent, 6.
|
15|Green Street Green, Kent, 16.
|
239|Gregland, Cornwall, 156.
|
117|Greys Wood, Dorset, 109.
|
87|Grims Ditch, Wilts, 104.
|
186|Grindown, Devon, 148.
|
29|=Grinsted, East=, Sussex, 57. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 450 houses, and 2804 inhabitants. It is a borough by
|prescription of great antiquity, and sends two members to
|parliament. The tower of the church fell down in 1785, after
|having stood just 100 years, and so much damaged the church, that
|the whole was obliged to be rebuilt.
|
|At the end of the town is a large handsome stone building, called
|_Sackville College_, erected by Sackville, Duke of Dorset, in the
|reign of James the First; in which are accommodations for 24 aged
|persons of both sexes, where each has a comfortable room, and a
|yearly allowance of £8. It is governed by a warden and two
|gentlemen assistants; and has a neat chapel, wherein the warden
|reads prayers every morning. A suit of apartments in this edifice
|was intended for the occasional residence of his Grace, but as he
|never occupies it, the rooms are used by the Judges of the Circuit
|during the Assizes, which are generally held here in Lent, though
|the county gaol is at Horsham. The market is on Thursday, chiefly
|for corn.
|
43|Grinsted, West, Sussex, 65. A parish containing 133 houses, and
|939 inhabitants.
|
29|=Guildford=, Surrey, 27. A borough and market town, containing 527
|houses, and 2974 inhabitants; it is pleasantly situated on the
|side of a chalk hill on the banks of the river Wey, and was
|anciently a royal town, being the residence of our monarchs. Part
|of the remains of its castle are still visible, especially the
|square tower, or keep, which has been a place of great strength.
|Here are also some remains of a palace of considerable extent.
|
|Guildford gives title of Earl to the family of North; and sends
|two members to parliament. It has a theatre and several handsome
|public buildings; near the town is a circular race course, where a
|plate of 100 guineas value, left by King William the Third, is
|annually run for in the Whitsun-week, at which time there are also
|three subscription plates run for; these races are in general well
|attended. The market is on Saturday, and is well supplied.
|
96|Guissage, St. Andrew, Dorset, 106.
|
98|Guyers, Wilts, 186.
|
|
|H.
|
178|Hal Down, Devon, 117.
|
|Hall Court, Hants, 213.
|
60|Halnaker, Sussex, 40, 216.
|
|Hambrook Common, Sussex, 215.
|
37|Hammer Ponds, Witley Common, Surrey, 28.
|
3|Hammersmith, Middlesex, 69. This village is pleasantly situated on
|the north bank of the Thames, having many handsome seats and
|villas in its neighbourhood; here is also a nunnery, in which many
|devotees have taken the veil, and doomed themselves to voluntary
|seclusion. Hammersmith contains 871 houses, and 5600 inhabitants.
|
|Hamoaze, Devon, 122. (_See Plymouth._)
|
|Hampnet, East, Sussex, 216.
|
62|Hampnet, West, Sussex, 40, 216.
|
|Hampot, Sussex, 217.
|
96|Hampreston Heath, Dorset, 89.
|
37|Hampstead Hill, Sussex, 49.
|
65|Hampton, Little, Sussex, 44. A parish and small sea port, situated
|at the mouth of the river Arun, containing 112 houses, and 584
|inhabitants. Of late years this place has been much frequented
|during the season for sea bathing. In the neighbourhood formerly
|stood several religious houses, and the remains of a Benedictine
|monastery are still to be seen at Boxgrove.
|
35|Hand Cross, Sussex, 49.
|
41|Handstay Cross, Sussex, 50.
|
|Hanging Langford, Wilts, 207.
|
54|Harbledown, Kent, 8. A parish containing 95 houses, and 473
|inhabitants. The church is pleasantly situated on a hill, opposite
|to which is an hospital and chapel.
|
106|Hardway, Somerset, 173.
|
32|Hare Hatch, Berks, 177.
|
13|Harlington, Middlesex, 174. A parish containing 70 houses, and 363
|inhabitants.
|
13|Harlington Corner, Middlesex, 174.
|
82|Harnham, Wilts, 104. A hamlet containing 40 houses, and 186
|inhabitants.
|
82|Harnham Hill, Wilts, 104.
|
35|Hartford Bridge, Hants, 74.
|
129|Hartlake Bridge, Somerset, 190.
|
129|Hartlake Drain, Somerset, 190.
|
36|Hartley Row, Hants, 74.
|
128|Haselborough, Somerset, 142.
|
99|Haselbury Hill, Wilts, 186.
|
42|=Haslemere=, Surrey, 33. A borough and market town, containing 156
|houses, and 756 inhabitants. It is a very ancient borough by
|prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since the
|reign of Edward the Fourth. It is said formerly to have had five
|parish churches, although it has now only a chapel to the mother
|church of Chiddingfold. Its market is on Tuesday.
|
63|=Hastings=, Sussex, 22. A borough and market town, situated
|between two hills, and containing 710 houses, and 3848
|inhabitants. It is very ancient; in the year 924, in the reign of
|Athelstan, it had a mint, and is supposed to have been built by
|one Hastings, a Danish pirate, who erected a fort here to secure
|his men in their retreat, after having pillaged the country. It is
|the principal of the Cinque Ports, and formerly had a noted
|harbour, but now a road only for small vessels, notwithstanding
|the vast expence that has been frequently incurred in order to
|clear it.
|
|The churches of St. Clement’s and All Saints, are ancient fabrics;
|St. Clement’s contains several good monuments, and curious
|inscriptions, with a neat altar piece. All Saint’s is spacious,
|and has a pulpit cloth made of the canopy used at Queen Anne’s
|coronation.
|
|Between the parishes of St. Clement’s and All Saint’s runs a fresh
|water stream, called the Bourne, which supplies nearly the whole
|town with water. The town is commanded by a strong fort, and the
|whole of this coast is strongly fortified with batteries and
|martello towers. Here is also a barrack for foot soldiers, and a
|custom house, with an establishment of twelve riding officers;
|this place and its neighbourhood being famous for a trade in
|contraband goods. The streets are well paved, and from their
|inclination towards the sea, are easily kept clean and neat.
|
|At low water Hastings has a fine level sand, of a great extent,
|rendering bathing safe at any time of the tide, and it is a very
|fashionable watering place, having a convenient bathing room at
|the parade to the west of the town, which is, during the season,
|furnished with every elegant amusement. The environs of this place
|are beautifully romantic. At two miles distance is a large broad
|stone, on which it is said King William the Conqueror dined on his
|landing.
|
|On a hill westward of the town are the remains of an ancient
|castle, the walls of which are in some places eight feet thick:
|its shape is triangular, with the angles rounded, and the base or
|south side is formed of a perpendicular craggy cliff, about 400
|feet long. A little to the west of Castle Cliff is a farm house,
|called the Priory, originally belonging to the order of Black
|Canons; some of its walls are still to be seen, and close to the
|farm yard is a piece of water, which, being drained off some years
|ago, discovered a large hole near 30 feet deep, with the remains
|of a sluice, gates, &c.
|
|This town was incorporated by James the Second, and sends two
|members to parliament. Here was fought the famous battle between
|Harold of England and William the Norman, in 1066, in which the
|former was defeated and killed, and the latter became king of
|England; in this battle the victors lost near 15,000 men, and the
|conquered many more.
|
|The market is held on Wednesday and Saturday, and is well
|supplied.
|
3|Hatcham, Surrey, 1. A hamlet containing 148 houses, and 734
|inhabitants.
|
101|Hatt, Wilts, 200.
|
|=Havant=, Hants, 214. A market town and parish, containing 335
|houses, and 1670 inhabitants. The church is a very ancient
|building, and at a mile and a half distant are the ruins of
|Warblington Castle. Its market, which is held on Saturday, is well
|supplied with all kinds of grain.
|
37|Haver Hill, Sussex, 49.
|
220|Hay, Cornwall, 123.
|
114|Haydon, Dorset, 140. A parish containing 17 houses, and 83
|inhabitants.
|
140|Hay Moor, Dorset, 145.
|
115|Hazlegrove, Somerset, 166.
|
61|Headbourn, Worthy, Hants, 77. A parish containing 25 houses, and
|153 inhabitants.
|
178|Heath Cross, Devon, 147.
|
47|Heath, North, Sussex, 34.
|
14|Heath Row, Middlesex, 174.
|
171|Heavitree, Devon, 116. A parish containing 163 houses, and 833
|inhabitants. This being the place of execution for the city of
|Exeter, it is supposed to have derived its name from thence. It is
|very pleasantly and healthily situated, and a number of the
|inhabitants of Exeter have chosen it for a favourite residence.
|
29|Helden Green, Kent, 18.
|
179|Hele, Higher, Devon, 196.
|
12|Hell, Little, Surrey, 46.
|
221|Hendra, Cornwall, 153.
|
47|Henley Common, Sussex, 34.
|
109|Henstridge, Somerset, 140. A parish containing 152 houses, and 827
|inhabitants.
|
109|Henstridge Ash, Somerset, 140.
|
70|Hens Wood, Wilts, 182.
|
177|Hentown, Devon, 147.
|
53|Herringdean Wood, Sussex, 35.
|
258|Hewas Water, Cornwall, 128.
|
|=Heytesbury=, Wilts, 206. A borough and parish, situated on the
|river Wyley, containing 196 houses, and 1072 inhabitants. The
|church is a spacious building, having been formerly collegiate,
|with four prebends in it belonging to Salisbury cathedral: it is
|built in the form of a cross, with a tower in the centre,
|containing six bells; and is about 400 years old. Here is an
|hospital for 12 aged men and one woman, well endowed.
|
|The greater part of this place was destroyed by fire in 1766, from
|which circumstance the town has been considerably improved; it
|consists principally of one main street, and being on the borders
|of Salisbury Plain, is in a remarkably open and healthy situation.
|It is an ancient borough by prescription, and sends two members to
|parliament. A considerable woollen manufacture has been
|established here, which has much increased its population, and it
|formerly had a market.
|
115|Hicks’s Gate, Somerset, 202.
|
127|High Cross Hill, Somerset, 142.
|
|Highdown Hill, Sussex, 218.
|
123|Highleaze, Somerset, 142.
|
249|Highway, Cornwall, 127.
|
112|Hill, East, Somerset, 140.
|
68|Hilsea, Hants, 32. Here is a very extensive building of
|considerable age, called Portchester Castle, generally used for
|the reception of prisoners of war; here also are large and
|commodious barracks for foot soldiers.
|
40|Hindhead Heath, Surrey and Hants, 28.
|
40|Hindhead Hill, Surrey, 28.
|
94|=Hindon=, Wilts, 163. A borough and market town, containing 175
|houses, and 793 inhabitants. This town suffered greatly by fire in
|1754, from which circumstance many of the houses are built in the
|modern taste. The chapel of ease is a neat structure. Hindon is an
|ancient borough by prescription, returns two members to
|parliament, and has a market on Thursday.
|
47|Hoads Common, Sussex, 38.
|
180|Hockworthy, Devon, 148. A parish containing 56 houses, and 283
|inhabitants.
|
|Hog Wood, Somerset, 204.
|
105|Holes Bay, Dorset, 90.
|
217|Holloway Cross, Cornwall, 153.
|
239|Hollywell, Cornwall, 156.
|
253|Holm Bush, Cornwall, 127.
|
25|Holmwood Common, Surrey, 63.
|
109|Holton, Somerset, 165.
|
46|Holybourn, Hants, 82. A hamlet containing 53 houses and 366
|inhabitants.
|
125|Holy Tree, Somerset, 167.
|
156|=Honiton=, Devon, 114, 146, 170. A borough, market town, and
|parish, containing 600 houses, and 2735 inhabitants. This town is
|in a very improved state, the buildings being of modern erection,
|from its having suffered considerably by fire at different times:
|it is paved and lighted, and the houses mostly slated. The parish
|church stands about half a mile distant from the town on a bold
|eminence, and appears to have been erected at different periods;
|the tower, a square embattled building, 63 feet high, contains
|five bells, and near the church are stables to accommodate those
|who ride from the neighbouring villages to hear divine service.
|Its principal manufacture is that of broad lace. Before the
|entrance of the town is a hill which commands one of the finest
|prospects in the kingdom. The market is on Saturday.
|
176|Honiton’s Clyst, Devon, 116.
|
39|Hook, Hants, 74.
|
40|Hook Common, Hants, 74.
|
26|Hookwood Common, Surrey, 48.
|
16|Hooley, Surrey, 53.
|
65|Hopgrass, Wilts, 181.
|
27|Horley Church, Surrey, 48.
|
61|Horn Dean, Hants, 31.
|
17|Horn’s Cross, Kent, 3.
|
39|Horny Common, Sussex, 58.
|
123|Horrington, West, Somerset, 189.
|
|Horsea Island, Hants, 223.
|
36|=Horsham=, Sussex, 65. A borough, market town, and parish,
|situated on the river Arun, containing 638 houses, and 3839
|inhabitants. It is said to derive its name from Horsa, the brother
|of Hengist the Saxon, by whom it is supposed to have been first
|built. It is a borough by prescription, and returns two members to
|parliament, which it has done ever since the reign of Edward the
|First. The church is an ancient building, and it has a good county
|gaol, and an established bank. The Assizes are frequently held
|here, and its market on Saturday, is well supplied with poultry,
|&c.
|
45|Horstead, Sussex, 59. A parish containing 88 houses, and 591
|inhabitants.
|
134|Horton, Somerset, 168.
|
135|Horton, High, Somerset, 169.
|
69|Hothampton, Sussex, 41, 42.
|
80|Hounds Down Hill, Hants, 92.
|
123|Houndston, Somerset, 141.
|
9|=Hounslow=, Middlesex, 70, 174. A market town, situated on the
|edge of the heath which bears its name, on a branch of the river
|Coln, on which are some powder mills. On this heath are many
|vestiges of ancient encampments, and also some newly erected
|barracks for cavalry. Here, in 1686, James the Second encamped
|after the suppression of the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion.
|
10|Hounslow Heath, Middlesex, 70, 174. (_See Hounslow._)
|
|Hove, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 18 houses, and 101
|inhabitants.
|
74|How Ford, Hants, 98.
|
112|Huddox Hill, Somerset, 188.
|
64|=Hungerford=, 181. A market town and parish, situated on the banks
|of the Kennet, part in the county of Berks, and part in Wilts;
|containing 383 houses, and 1987 inhabitants. The church is an
|ancient building, it stands at the end of a pleasant walk, shaded
|with high trees, in the western quarter of the town. A bugle horn
|made of brass, and a drinking can, are here shown, both of which
|were presented as confirmations of charters granted to this town
|by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. The market is on Wednesday.
|
64|Hungerford Down, Berks, 181.
|
23|Huntercomb, Bucks, 175.
|
89|Hurcot, West, Wilts, 136.
|
67|Hursley, Hants, 85. A parish containing 201 houses, 1105
|inhabitants.
|
38|Hurst Common, Surrey, 37.
|
47|Hurst Green, Sussex, 21.
|
25|Hurst Hill, Surrey, 48.
|
|
|I.
|
249|Jenkins Barrow, Cornwall, 157.
|
185|Jews Bridge, Devon, 118.
|
120|=Ilchester=, Somerset, 167. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 416 houses, and 1862 inhabitants, pleasantly situated
|on the river Ivel, which is not navigable. It appears to have been
|a strong fortified town in the time of the Romans, and at the
|Norman Conquest was a city containing several churches; the
|foundation of its walls are still perceivable near the river, and
|_Yard Lane_ was formerly a ditch, which entirely surrounded the
|town. The fosse way retains its name, and passes through the
|principal street, and the pavement of the original ford across the
|river, may be seen on the west side of the bridge, formed of flag
|stones.
|
|The town at present consists of four streets, and it has a neat
|church. It is a borough by prescription, returns two members to
|parliament, and gives title of Earl to the family of Fox. The
|celebrated Roger Bacon was born at this town. On King’s Moor horse
|races are held, and the neighbourhood produces great quantities of
|excellent grain. The market is on Wednesday.
|
132|=Ilminster=, Somerset, 168. A market town and parish, situated
|near the river Ille, containing 377 houses, and 2160 inhabitants.
|The church is a handsome building ornamented with a quadrangular
|glazed tower. It contains a monument erected in the beginning of
|the 17th century, to the memory of Nicholas Wadham and Dorothy his
|wife, the founders of Wadham College, Oxford.
|
|Here is a free grammar school, founded by Edward the Sixth, with a
|good salary, and a house for the head master, as also for his
|assistant. In the centre of the town stands the market house and
|shambles, where a market is held on Saturday.
|
110|Inn Wood, Somerset, 140.
|
51|John’s Cross, Sussex, 21.
|
16|John’s Hole, Kent, 3.
|
43|John’s, St., Common, Sussex, 50.
|
22|Iron Peartree Wells, Surrey, 56.
|
24|Irons Bottom, Surrey, 48.
|
|Isherton, Wilts, 207.
|
|Itchen, Hants, 221.
|
204|Ivy Bridge, Devon, 121. A populous little village, in a situation
|particularly healthy and pleasant. Here are some paper and block
|mills, and a neat chapel, erected in 1790.
|
|
|K.
|
96|Keesley Down, Wilts, 163.
|
19|Kennel, Surrey, 55.
|
215|Kenner’s House, Cornwall, 152.
|
79|Kennet, East, Wilts, 183. A parish containing 19 houses, and 102
|inhabitants.
|
79|Kennet, West, Wilts, 183, 198. (_Population included with East
|Kennet._)
|
2|Kennington Common, Surrey, 52.
|
1|Kensington, Middlesex, 69. A parish and pleasant village,
|containing 1433 houses, and 8556 inhabitants.
|
1|Kensington Gore, Middlesex, 69.
|
117|Kensington Place, Somerset, 203.
|
114|=Keynsham=, Somerset, 202. A market town and parish, situated on
|the north side of the Avon, it consists principally of one street
|a mile long; containing 278 houses, and 1591 inhabitants.
|
|The town is built upon a rock replete with fossil ammonitæ, having
|a good stone bridge over the river Avon, leading to Gloucester,
|and another over the river Chew. The church is an ancient Gothic
|building, and it has a good market on Thursday.
|
38|Key Street, Kent, 6.
|
266|Kiggon Mill, Cornwall, 129.
|
250|Killegrew, Cornwall, 157.
|
271|Killiganoon, Cornwall, 129.
|
148|Kilmington, Devon, 113. A township in the parish of Axminster,
|containing 84 houses, and 444 inhabitants.
|
103|Kilmington, Somerset, 172. A parish containing 104 houses, and 504
|inhabitants.
|
103|Kilmington Down, Somerset, 172.
|
42|Kiln Down, Kent, 20.
|
31|Kiln Green, Berks, 177.
|
32|Kingfold, Sussex, 64.
|
13|King’s Arbour, Middlesex, 174.
|
102|King’s Down, Wilts, 200.
|
103|King’s Down Hill, Wilts, 186, 201.
|
44|King’s Marsh, Sussex, 34.
|
127|Kingston, Dorset, 110.
|
12|Kingston, Surrey, 24. A market town and parish, situated on the
|banks of the Thames, over which it has a wooden bridge. It
|contains 726 houses, and 4144 inhabitants.
|
|This town was either a royal residence or demesne, as early as the
|union of the Saxon heptarchy; some of the Saxon kings were crowned
|here, and close to the north side of the church is a large stone,
|on which tradition says, they sat during the ceremony. The church
|is a spacious handsome building, and the tower contains eight
|bells. Here are held the Lent Assizes for the county. The market
|is on Saturday.
|
93|Kingston, Lower, Hants, 94.
|
|Kingston by Sea, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 11 houses, and
|77 inhabitants.
|
104|King’s Wood, Somerset, 172.
|
61|King’s Worthy, Hants, 77.
|
62|Kintbury, Berks, 181. A parish containing 282 houses, and 1430
|inhabitants.
|
36|Kipping’s Cross, Kent, 19.
|
184|Knighton, Devon, 118.
|
184|Knighton Heathfield, Devon, 118.
|
|Knightsbridge, Middlesex, 69. The most remarkable building here is
|St. George’s Hospital, which was formerly the seat of Lord
|Lanesborough.
|
|Knooke, Wilts, 206. A hamlet containing 30 houses, and 194
|inhabitants.
|
117|Knowl, Somerset, 203.
|
70|Knowl, Wilts, 182.
|
30|Knowl Hill, Berks, 176.
|
97|Knoyle, West, Wilts, 163. A hamlet containing 33 houses, and 184
|inhabitants.
|
|
|L.
|
36|Lady Cross, Surrey, 33, 37.
|
235|Lady Park, Cornwall, 125.
|
133|Lady’s Down, Somerset, 143.
|
93|Lagpond, Wilts, 137.
|
40|Lamberhurst, 20. A parish situated part in Kent and part in
|Sussex; containing 89 houses, and 1057 inhabitants.
|
41|Lamberhurst Down, Sussex, 20.
|
105|Lamb Bridge, Somerset, 187, 201.
|
|Lancing, Sussex, 218. A parish containing 79 houses, and 451
|inhabitants.
|
94|Lands End, Wilts, 185.
|
|Lands, Old, Sussex, 215.
|
|Langford, Little, Wilts, 207, A parish containing 5 houses, and 25
|inhabitants.
|
19|Langley Broom, Bucks, 175. A parish containing 226 houses, and
|1215 inhabitants.
|
253|Lannilley, Cornwall, 158.
|
236|Lanivet, Cornwall, 155. A parish containing 131 houses, and 513
|inhabitants.
|
236|Lanivet Down, Cornwall, 155.
|
247|Lantivery, Cornwall, 126. A parish containing 134 houses, and 778
|inhabitants.
|
241|Largin Castle, Cornwall, 125.
|
212|=Launceston=, Cornwall, 152. A borough, market town, and parish,
|pleasantly situated on the side of a hill on the river Tamer,
|containing 278 houses, and 1758 inhabitants. Reginald, Earl of
|Cornwall, built a castle here, which is spoken of by Leland as one
|of the strongest works in the kingdom. The tower is now made use
|of as a prison.
|
|Launceston was made a free borough by Henry the Third, being
|before composed of two other boroughs. The knights of the shire
|are elected here, and the Winter Assizes are held at the Guildhall
|in this town, the Summer Assizes being removed to Bodmin. It has
|sent two members to parliament since the 23d of Edward the First.
|The church was built in the reign of Henry the Eighth, on the side
|of one of its walls is a fine figure of Mary Magdalen; most kinds
|of provisions are plentiful and reasonable, but coals are very
|dear. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday.
|
98|Launceston Down, Dorset, 106.
|
58|Lavant, East, Sussex, 36. A parish containing 53 houses, and 274
|inhabitants.
|
55|Laverstock, Hants, 100. A parish containing 17 houses, and 88
|inhabitants.
|
50|Lavington Common, Sussex, 35.
|
235|Lawrence, St., Cornwall, 155.
|
71|Lawrence, St., Kent, 13. A parish containing 234 houses, and 1068
|inhabitants.
|
120|Leachmoor Pond, Somerset, 189.
|
15|Leaden Cross, Surrey, 53.
|
18|Leatherhead, Surrey, 62. A parish, and formerly a market town,
|containing 187 houses, and 1078 inhabitants. The town is situated
|on the right bank of the river Mole, which having sunk into the
|earth at Mickleham, at the foot of Box Hill, makes its appearance
|again near this place; standing on a rising bank it is very dry
|and pleasant, and has a brick bridge of 14 arches over the river.
|The church is built in the form of a cross.
|
11|Leaves Green, Kent, 16.
|
62|Leckford Hutt, Hants, 133.
|
201|Lee, Higher, Devon, 121.
|
206|Lee Mill Bridge, Devon, 121.
|
99|Leigh Common, Dorset, 89.
|
63|Leominster, Sussex, 44. A parish containing 60 houses, and 357
|inhabitants.
|
171|Leonard Moor, Devon, 195.
|
95|Leonard’s, St., Bridge, 89.
|
216|=Lestwithiel=, Cornwall, 126. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 145 houses, and 825 inhabitants. It is situated on the
|river Fowey, which was formerly navigable, but is now choaked up
|with sand, and has a handsome church with a spire steeple. This
|borough has returned two members to parliament ever since the 23d
|of Edward the First. The market is on Friday.
|
234|Leveddon, Cornwall, 155.
|
204|Lew Cross, Devon, 151.
|
51|=Lewes=, Sussex, 59. A borough and market town, consisting of six
|parishes, containing 945 houses, and 6221 inhabitants. This town
|stands on the slope of a hill, on the banks of the river Ouse,
|surrounded by higher hills, and was formerly encompassed with
|walls. The gate and two towers of its ancient castle, built by
|William, Earl of Warren, in the 11th century, still remain. Lewes
|is a handsome town, and one of the largest and most populous in
|the county. It formerly had twelve churches, which are now reduced
|to six, including St. Thomas at Cliff, so called from its standing
|under the high chalky cliffs at the outskirts of the town. From a
|windmill in the neighbourhood, a fine view of the sea and the
|circumjacent country is obtained. It is a borough by prescription,
|but not incorporated, and has sent two members to parliament ever
|since the 23d of Edward the First. There is an annual horse race
|here for the King’s plate of 100 guineas. The market is on
|Saturday.
|
52|Lewes Race Ground, Sussex, 60.
|
5|Lewisham, Kent, 15. This village has several good houses,
|inhabited by rich citizens of the metropolis, who have retired
|from business, or by those whose families wish to enjoy the
|peaceful sweets of a country life. The church is an elegant modern
|edifice, containing several good monuments by Banks and Flaxman.
|
|A branch of the river Ravensbourne runs through the village.
|Lewisham contains 686 houses, and 4007 inhabitants.
|
5|Lewisham Bridge, Kent, 15.
|
85|Lichinton, Wilts, 136.
|
230|Lidcott, Cornwall, 155.
|
179|Lilly Bridge, Devon, 147.
|
47|Limbo, Sussex, 38.
|
38|Lindridge Causeway, Kent, 19.
|
46|Liphook, Hants, 29.
|
47|Liphook, Common, Sussex, 29.
|
214|Lipson, Devon, 122
|
223|Liscome, Cornwall, 123.
|
234|=Liskeard=, Cornwall, 125. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 549 houses, and 2884 inhabitants, and having a
|considerable manufacture of leather. The church is a large and
|noble building. The town hall is erected on stone pillars, with a
|turret on the top, and a clock with four dials. On the hills of
|North Liskeard are many tin mines. This borough was incorporated
|by Queen Elizabeth, and returns two members to parliament. It has
|a very considerable market on Saturday.
|
29|Littlewick Green, Berks, 176.
|
65|Liverton, Berks, 181.
|
73|Lobcomb Corner, Wilts, 103, 134.
|
203|Lobhill, Devon, 151.
|
77|Lockeridge Dean, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 51 houses, and
|194 inhabitants.
|
13|Locks Bottom, Kent, 16.
|
90|Lockswell Heath, Wilts, 185.
|
92|Lodge, Great, Wilts, 185.
|
93|Lodge, Little, Wilts, 185.
|
127|Lodmoor, Dorset, 171.
|
94|London Elm, Wilts, 137.
|
105|Lone Fleet, Dorset, 90. A tything to Pool, containing 120 houses,
|and 504 inhabitants.
|
82|Long Barrow Cross, Wilts, 161.
|
33|Long Bottom, Hants, 80.
|
128|Long Breedy Hutt, Dorset, 110.
|
143|Long Bridge, 145.
|
102|Long Cross, Wilts, 164.
|
15|Longford, Middlesex, 174. This village is pleasantly situated on
|the banks of the Colne, and is much frequented by anglers.
|
140|Longharris, Dorset, 112.
|
102|Long Lane End, Wilts, 172.
|
236|Looe Mills, Cornwall, 125.
|
128|Lopen, Somerset, 168. This village contains 71 houses, and 326
|inhabitants.
|
18|Lords Wood, Kent, 17.
|
|Lothbury, Hants, 211.
|
44|Lotmore Green, Berks, 178.
|
109|Lotterford, Somerset, 165,
|
94|Louden, Wilts, 185.
|
51|Low Heath, Sussex, 43
|
28|Lowfield Heath, Surrey and Sussex, 48.
|
97|Ludwell, Wilts, 138.
|
66|Lydden, Kent, 9. A parish containing 21 houses, and 103
|inhabitants.
|
209|Lyfton, Devon, 152.
|
209|Lyfton Down, Devon, 152.
|
91|=Lymington=, Hants, 93. A borough and market town, pleasantly
|situated on the brow and declivity of a gentle hill, on a creek of
|the English Channel, called Boldre Water. It consists principally
|of one long street, containing 541 houses, and 2641 inhabitants.
|Many of the houses are well built, commanding most delightful
|prospects of the English Channel, and the Isle of Wight. There are
|two sets of baths, one at the bottom of the town, the other about
|half a mile from it, they are very convenient, and are much
|frequented during the season. The borough is a corporation by
|prescription, and sends two members to parliament. Market on
|Saturday.
|
|About a mile distant are the traces of a Roman Camp, known by the
|name of _Buckland Rings_, or _Castle Field_.
|
83|Lyndhurst, Hants, 92. A parish containing 170 houses, and 882
|inhabitants.
|
|
|M.
|
47|Macknade, Kent, 7.
|
122|Maiden Castle, Dorset, 171. This is one of the strongest and most
|extensive camps in England, and is supposed to be of British
|origin; its form is an irregular ellipsis, surrounded by treble
|ditches and ramparts, the former are of prodigious depth, and the
|latter extremely high and very steep. The entrances to the east
|and west are strengthened by additional works; the ends of the
|ramparts lapping over each other, and rendering the outlets very
|winding and intricate. The inner rampart includes an area of about
|forty acres, and is nearly a mile and a quarter in circumference.
|Near the south side is the mouth of a cave, said to extend a
|considerable way; though it is now choaked up and impassable. This
|appears to have been a contrivance to obtain water, the river
|flowing through the valley at the distance of about a quarter of a
|mile. The ground rises gradually to the centre of the area, which
|commands an extensive prospect.
|
168|Maiden Down, Devon, 195.
|
26|=Maidenhead=, Berks, 176. A market town, containing 167 houses,
|and 792 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the
|Thames, over which is a very commodious bridge of 13 arches. The
|principal trade of this town is in malt, meal, and timber. The
|market is on Wednesday.
|
25|Maidenhead Bridge, 176.
|
28|Maidenhead Thicket, Berks, 176.
|
|Mansbridge, Hants, 212.
|
76|Manton, Wilts, 183.
|
110|Maperton, Somerset, 165. A parish containing 22 houses, and 171
|inhabitants.
|
43|Maplederwell Hatch, Hants, 75.
|
19|Marams Court Hill, Kent, 17.
|
41|Maresfield, Sussex, 58. A parish containing 170 houses, and 960
|inhabitants.
|
72|=Margate=, Kent, 12. A market town on the sea coast, pleasantly
|seated on the north side of the Isle of Thanet, and a member of
|the port of Dover; it contains 1291 houses, and 6126 inhabitants.
|The principal improvements of Margate have taken place since 1787,
|when an act of parliament was obtained to rebuild the pier with
|stone, since which it has become a very fashionable resort for sea
|bathing. From the increase of company, new buildings became
|necessary for their accommodation, by which the town was
|considerably enlarged and greatly improved. On that part next the
|coast there are many commodious rooms, which are the morning
|resort of the company, and whence they are driven by turns into
|the sea, in bathing machines. There are also four marble salt
|water baths, filled from the sea, which may be brought to any
|temperature.
|
|The church of St. John stands about half a mile from the lower end
|of the town; it is a large building of flint, rough cast,
|consisting of three long low aisles, separated by pillars of
|various forms. At the west end of the north aisle is a square
|tower with a low spire, containing six bells. It has many
|monuments of antiquity, with a good organ. Here is a general
|sea-bathing infirmary, which was opened in 1796.
|
|Margate has every amusement common with other fashionable watering
|places, having a neat theatre, assembly rooms, tea, card, and
|billiard rooms, &c. &c.
|
|About a mile and a half from the town, stands the rural spot of
|_Dandelion_, where are the remains of an ancient mansion and
|fortification, once of great strength, and belonging to the family
|of _Dandelion_. This place is now in great repute, and has
|alcoves, a bowling green, a platform for dancing, an orchestra,
|and every accommodation for company. Market on Wednesday and
|Saturday.
|
74|Marks Barn, Wilts, 206.
|
|=Marlborough=, Wilts, 183. A borough and market town, consisting
|of two parishes; containing 456 houses, and 2579 inhabitants. It
|is situated on the banks of the river Kennet, and consists
|principally of a broad street with piazzas along one side of it.
|The churches, dedicated to St. Mary and St. Peter, have both
|square towers and six bells in each. This town gave title to the
|celebrated warrior, John Churchill, who was created Earl of
|Marlborough, by William the Third, in 1689, and Duke of
|Marlborough by Queen Anne; it has sent two members to parliament
|since the 28th of Edward the First. The market is on Saturday.
|
70|Marlbrook Pond, Hants, 79.
|
58|Marsh Benham, Berks, 180.
|
211|Marsh Mill, Devon, 122.
|
10|Mason’s Hill, Kent, 16.
|
233|Maudlin, Cornwall, 125.
|
62|Maudlin, Sussex, 40, 216.
|
129|Mead, Somerset, 168.
|
99|Medleys, Wilts, 200.
|
128|=Melcomb Regis=, Dorset, 171. A borough and market town,
|containing 423 houses, and 2350 inhabitants, situated at the mouth
|of the river Wey, which separates it from Weymouth, over which
|river there is a wooden bridge of seventeen arches. It has a good
|market place and town hall, in which the members of the
|Corporation of Weymouth attend public business.
|
|This borough has sent two members to parliament ever since the
|reign of Edward the First. It is united to Weymouth as a sea port,
|corporation, and market town. Market on Tuesday and Friday.
|
95|Melksham, Wilts, 200. A town and parish, containing 759 houses,
|and 4030 inhabitants. Most of the houses in this town are well
|built of free stone, but not regular. It has one parish church,
|and three meeting houses for dissenters. Its chief manufacture is
|broad cloth, and it has a market every other Thursday for cattle.
|
62|Meonstoke, Hants, 96. A parish containing 50 houses, and 289
|inhabitants.
|
59|Meon, West, Hants, 96. A parish containing 83 houses, and 536
|inhabitants.
|
100|=Mere=, Wilts, 164. A market town and parish, containing 457
|houses, and 2211 inhabitants. It is a very straggling town,
|indifferently built, and has a small cross, or market house, where
|a market is held on Thursday. In the reign of Henry the Third it
|was the lordship of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, and had a castle
|belonging to it, occupying the summit of an adjoining eminence,
|very few traces of which now remain.
|
|Its principal manufacture is bed-ticking.
|
98|Mere Down, Wilts, 172.
|
219|Merrifield, Cornwall, 123.
|
187|Merrymeet, Devon, 149.
|
19|Merstham, Surrey, 54. This village contains 100 houses, and 481
|inhabitants.
|
7|Merton, Surrey, 61. This village is seated on the river Wandle,
|over which it has a bridge, remarkable for its arch, which is
|turned with tiles, instead of brick or stone, and it is the
|boundary of the three parishes of Mitcham, Wimbledon, and Merton.
|The parish contains 147 houses, and 813 inhabitants. The church is
|an old building of flint, and has been lately repaired and
|ornamented.
|
|Merton was once celebrated for an abbey, founded in the reign of
|Henry the First, in which abbey, at a parliament held in 1236, the
|famous “Provisions of Merton,” (the most ancient body of laws
|after _Magna Charta_), were enacted, and the Barons gave that
|celebrated answer to the clergy, _Nolumus leges Angliæ mutare_.
|
256|Mewan, St., Cornwall, 127. A parish containing 130 houses, and 780
|inhabitants.
|
|Michelgrove Woods, Sussex, 217.
|
20|Mickleham, Surrey, 62. A parish containing 53 houses, and 389
|inhabitants. It is pleasantly seated at the foot of Box Hill, and
|watered by the river Mole.
|
71|Middlecot, Hants, 160.
|
|Midford, Somerset, 204.
|
50|Midgham, Berks, 179. A village containing 43 houses, and 340
|inhabitants.
|
49|=Midhurst=, Sussex, 34. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 199 houses, and 1256 inhabitants, pleasantly seated on
|the banks of the river Arun, its name in Saxon signifying
|_Middlewood_. The town is in general well built, and is a borough
|by prescription; it has sent two members to parliament ever since
|the 4th of Edward the Third. The market is on Thursday.
|
59|Mid Lavant, Sussex, 36. A parish containing 182 houses, and 1073
|inhabitants.
|
59|Mid Lavant Common, Sussex, 36.
|
112|=Milborne Port=, Somerset, 140. A borough and parish, containing
|198 houses, and 953 inhabitants, pleasantly situated on a branch
|of the river Parret. The church is a good building, with a square
|tower, containing six bells, and a set of chimes. It is a borough
|by prescription, and returns two members to parliament.
|
112|Milbourne St. Andrews, Dorset, 108. A parish containing 44 houses,
|and 217 inhabitants.
|
113|Milbourne Wood, Dorset, 108.
|
180|Mile Stone Cross, Devon, 118.
|
136|Miles Cross, Dorset, 112.
|
35|Milford, Surrey, 27, 33, 37. (_Population included with
|Godalming_)
|
245|Milham, Cornwall, 126.
|
48|Milland Church, Sussex, 29.
|
48|Milland Common, Sussex, 29.
|
145|Millbrook, Devon, 144.
|
76|Millbrook, Hants, 91, 220. A parish containing 250 houses, and
|1304 inhabitants.
|
100|Mills Plat, Wilts, 186.
|
39|=Milton=, Kent, 6. A market town and parish, containing 321
|houses, and 1746 inhabitants, situated at the head of a creek that
|runs into the Swale, which separates the Isle of Sheppey from the
|main land. It is a place of great antiquity, being once the
|residence of the kings of Kent.
|
|The church is a neat building, situated at some distance from the
|town; and contains several curious monuments.
|
|The town is tolerably well built, and has a port for barges: it is
|particularly noted for the produce of delicious oysters, called
|_Milton oysters_. The market is on Saturday.
|
96|Minety, Wilts, 185.
|
68|Minster Mills, Kent, 13.
|
8|Mitcham, Surrey, 46. The little river Wandle winds through this
|parish, and is celebrated as a trout stream: on it are some snuff
|mills, spinning mills, and printed calico manufactories. A
|considerable quantity of medicinal plants are here propagated, and
|it has an extensive common.
|
|The chancel of the church contains a monument to the memory of Sir
|Ambrose Crowley, Alderman of London, who died in 1713, and is
|celebrated in No. 75 of The Tatler, under the name of Sir Humphrey
|Greenhat. In 1637 the church was destroyed by lightning, and ten
|bells in part melted. Mitcham contains 604 houses, and 3466
|inhabitants.
|
248|=Mitchell=, alias =St. Michael=, Cornwall, 157. A borough,
|containing 30 houses, and about 160 inhabitants. It was a place of
|note during the time of the Saxons, and was formerly called
|_Modishole_. It has sent two members to parliament ever since the
|6th of Edward the Sixth.
|
68|Mollin’s Cot, Hants, 159.
|
241|Molly Toms, Cornwall, 156.
|
180|Monkaton, Devon, 196.
|
147|Monkton, Devon, 170. A hamlet containing 18 houses, and 121
|inhabitants.
|
122|Monkton, Dorset, 171.
|
101|Monkton Down, Dorset, 107.
|
66|Monkton, Kent, 12, 13. A parish containing 59 houses, and 300
|inhabitants.
|
153|Monkton, Somerset, 193.
|
21|Montem, Bucks, 175. (_see Salt Hill_)
|
127|Moor, Somerset, 168.
|
152|Moorcot, Dorset, 114.
|
35|Moor Street, Kent, 5.
|
9|Morden, Surrey, 61. A parish containing 65 houses, and 512
|inhabitants.
|
6|Morden College, Kent, 1. (_see Blackheath_)
|
139|Morecamblake, Dorset, 112.
|
234|Mount Brandy, Cornwall, 125.
|
19|Mount Lee, Surrey, 71.
|
154|Mount Pleasant, Devon, 114.
|
68|Mount Pleasant, Kent, 13.
|
130|Mount Pleasant, Somerset, 190.
|
36|Mousall, Surrey, 27.
|
173|Mucksbere, Devon, 195.
|
38|Murrell Green, Hants, 74.
|
|
|N.
|
124|Nap Hill, Somerset, 189.
|
187|Narraway, Devon, 149.
|
91|Nash Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
63|Near, Berks, 181.
|
117|Nether Compton, Dorset, 141.
|
|Netley, Hants, 221. This village is only remarkable for the
|remains of its once beautiful abbey, which are situated on the
|gentle declivity of a hill, near Southampton Water. It was founded
|by Henry the Third, about 1239, for Cistertian monks. The
|venerable ruins of its church, and many of its apartments covered
|with ivy, are generally visited by every traveller who resorts for
|pleasure to Southampton.
|
80|Netley Marsh, Hants, 91.
|
56|=Newbury=, Berks, 180. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 1028 houses, and 4898 inhabitants. The town is situated
|in a valley on the banks of the Kennet: it has long been famed for
|its extensive woollen manufacture, and in the reign of Henry the
|Eighth, one John Winchcomb, better known by the name of Jack of
|Newbury, kept 100 looms in his own house. At the expedition to
|Flodden Field, he marched against the Scots with 100 of his men,
|all armed and clothed at his own expense. He was also a
|considerable benefactor to the building of its present handsome
|church. The streets here are very spacious, and well paved, with a
|convenient market place, in which is the Guildhall.
|
|Newbury was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and once sent members
|to parliament, but was released therefrom on the petition of Jack
|of Newbury.
|
|The town hall is ornamented with a beautiful picture of the
|Surrender of Calais, painted by Price, Here are also several
|charitable institutions. The market is on Thursday.
|
26|New Chapel Green, Surrey, 56.
|
140|Newhaven, Somerset, 169.
|
219|Newhay, Cornwall, 153.
|
37|Newington, Kent, 5. A parish containing 61 houses, and 429
|inhabitants.
|
1|Newington, Surrey, 23, 45. This village extends about a mile in
|length from Southwark to Kennington Common, towards which are many
|well-built houses, the residence of opulent merchants and
|tradesmen in the metropolis. It contains 2865 houses, and 14,847
|inhabitants. The church was rebuilt on a larger scale, but on the
|same inconvenient spot, by the side of the great road, in 1793. It
|has in its church-yard a remarkable tomb, raised over the body of
|William Allen, a young man killed by the firing of the soldiers at
|the time that John Wilkes was in the King’s Bench Prison. There
|are several singular inscriptions, and among the rest--_O earth,
|cover not thou my blood!_ which has excited general attention.
|
249|Newlyn Down, Cornwall, 157.
|
110|Newton, St. Loe, Somerset, 202. A parish containing 49 houses, and
|371 inhabitants.
|
|Newton, South, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 100 houses, and 541
|inhabitants.
|
216|Nicholas, St., Island, Devon, 122. This island is situated on the
|coast of Devonshire, in extent about three acres, lying before the
|mouth of Plymouth Harbour; it is strong both by art and nature,
|and on it is erected a battery, commanding the entrance to Hamoaze
|and Catwater, with barracks and apartments for a commanding
|officer.
|
125|Nine Stones, Dorset, 110. These stones are placed in a circular
|form, and are from three to seven feet in height, supposed to be
|the remains of a Druidical temple.
|
33|Nonsuch Green, Kent, 14.
|
80|Normanton Down, Wilts, 161.
|
|Norridge, Wilts, 206. (_Population included with Warminster_)
|
|Norridge Wood, Wilts, 206.
|
20|Northfleet, Kent, 3. A parish containing 291 houses, and 1910
|inhabitants. It is situated on a high chalk hill, commanding a
|very extensive view of the river Thames and the county of Essex.
|The church is an extensive building, and contains several
|monuments of the 14th century. On the north wall is a beautiful
|alabaster monument to the memory of Dr. Brown, eminent for his
|skill in natural history, and physician to Charles the Second.
|Vast quantities of lime are burnt here, and extraneous fossils
|have been dug up. In the flint (of which there are frequent
|strata,) complete cockle shells filled with chalk are found, many
|of which are of an extraordinary size.
|
120|Northover, Somerset, 167. A parish containing 12 houses, and 56
|inhabitants.
|
231|Norton, Cornwall, 155.
|
|Norton Bovant, Wilts, 206. A parish containing 48 houses, and 264
|inhabitants.
|
116|Norton Down, Somerset, 188.
|
|Norton, St. Philip, Somerset, 204. A parish containing 101 houses,
|and 557 inhabitants.
|
101|Norwood, Wilts, 164.
|
126|Nottington, Dorset, 171. This place is famous for its medicinal
|spring, which has been found extremely serviceable in cutaneous
|and scorbutic disorders. It has a strong sulphurous smell, though
|perfectly limpid, and greatly resembles the Moffatt water in
|Scotland.
|
94|Notton, Wilts, 185.
|
|Nutbourn, Sussex, 215.
|
38|Nutley, Sussex, 58. (_Population included with Maresfield_)
|
|Nutshalling Street, Hants, 220.
|
107|Nyland, Somerset, 139.
|
|
|O.
|
194|=Oakhampton=, Devon, 149. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 227 houses, and 1440 inhabitants. It is pleasantly
|situated in a valley near the source of the river Oak. The church
|stands on a hill, one mile from the town; and in the market place
|is an ancient chantry chapel. In the suburbs are the ruins of its
|ancient castle, dismantled by Henry the Eighth, on the attainder
|of Henry Courtney, Marquis of Exeter.
|
|It is a very ancient borough, and sends two members to parliament.
|The market is on Saturday.
|
67|Oak Hill, Wilts, 182.
|
114|Oborne, Dorset, 140. A parish containing 26 houses, and 132
|inhabitants.
|
20|Ockham Heath, Surrey, 25.
|
124|Odcomb, Somerset, 142. A parish containing 70 houses, and 428
|inhabitants.
|
108|Odd Down, Somerset, 187.
|
|Offington, Sussex, 218.
|
84|Oldbury Camp, or Bratton Castle, Wilts, 184. This ancient
|fortification is supposed to be of Roman origin, but there is
|little doubt of its being subsequently occupied by the Danes and
|Saxons. On two sides, where the acclivities of the hill are steep,
|it is but slightly fortified, but on the other sides it is
|defended by a double ditch and lofty valla.
|
|On the slope of the hill on which stands Oldbury Camp, is the
|figure of a white horse in a trotting attitude, measuring 100 feet
|from the hoof to the tip of the ear, and 100 feet from the nose to
|the tail; it is formed by removing the turf from the surface of
|the soil, which is chalk.
|
|This curious monument is asserted by Gough to be an undoubted
|memorial of the victory obtained by Alfred over the Danes, near
|Eddington, in the year 878, resembling that by which he
|commemorated the victory he gained in Berkshire eight years
|before, having then only acted as lieutenant to his brother
|Ethelred.
|
|In the last battle he was not only commander in chief, but King of
|England; his affairs were in a most critical situation, and the
|Danes masters of a great part of his kingdom.
|
|This battle is supposed to have been fought near the village of
|Eddingdon, or Eddington, where the Danish army was
|encamped.--Alfred, with the utmost secresy, concealed his
|intentions, and by rapid movements appeared in sight of their camp
|before they had intelligence of his designs, immediately attacked
|them, and gained a complete victory.
|
|The Danes, however, defended themselves with great bravery,
|retreated to Bratton Castle, where they held out a siege of
|fourteen days, and obtained terms of capitulation, more favourable
|than they had reason to expect in their reduced situation.
|
|Gough supposes Bratton Castle to have been a fortification situate
|on the pinnacle of White Horse Hill, and that the horse here seen
|was formed to commemorate the victory of Alfred: while, on the
|other hand, Mr. Wise, in his dissertation on the White Horse of
|Berkshire, asserts, that this at Oldbury Camp is of modern
|construction, and that it was made within the memory of persons
|living at the time he visited it in 1742, by the inhabitants of
|Westbury, who instituted a revel, or festival, thereupon.
|
|The writer of this article was also informed, when making his
|survey, that it was executed at the expense and under the
|direction of Dr. Alsop, of Calne, about thirty years ago, at a
|revel then said to be held upon the spot.
|
|Camden, Gibson, and Gough, all agree in identifying Ethandun with
|Eddington, near Bratton Castle, and conceive the latter to have
|been the fortress to which the Danes retired after the battle.
|Such also are the sentiments of Sir Richard Colt Hoare.
|
|To attempt a discussion of the merits of these several opinions
|would occupy more space than our limits will admit. Amidst such
|conflicting testimony it is difficult to decide, but the writer is
|much inclined to adopt the opinion of the learned Baronet, that
|the inhabitants of Westbury might but retrace the nearly
|obliterated remains of an imperfect original, and in this he feels
|warranted from the information himself received, as before
|observed, upon the spot.
|
|In conclusion, he takes occasion to remark, that modern
|information is so extremely contradictory as to merit very little
|attention, and deems it most probable, that from the White Horse
|having been the standard used by Alfred, and the majority agreeing
|in fixing this as the spot to which the Danes retreated, it is not
|unreasonable to suppose that it was originally executed in
|commemoration of that victory.
|
205|Old Street Down, Devon, 151.
|
|Oliver’s Tomb, Sussex, 218, erected to the memory of Oliver, many
|years the tenant of the adjacent mill, who, from partiality to the
|spot while living, requested, when dead, he might be here
|interred.
|
61|Ore, Sussex, 22. A parish containing 34 houses, and 243
|inhabitants.
|
46|Ospringe, Kent, 7. A parish containing 109 houses, and 645
|inhabitants. This was a Roman military station, and here King
|Henry the Third founded an hospital called _Maison de Dieu_, some
|slight remains of which are to be seen on the north side of the
|street.
|
67|Otterbourn, Hants, 78. A township containing 70 houses, and 440
|inhabitants.
|
118|Over Compton, Dorset, 141.
|
|Over Street, Wilts, 208.
|
53|Overton, Hants, 100. A parish containing 228 houses, and 1130
|inhabitants. This was anciently a borough and market town, and
|sent two members to parliament, but through neglect lost its
|charter.
|
|An excellent trout stream rises in the parish of Ash, and flows
|with such a current by this village, as to drive several mills;
|one of them, a silk mill, is a very curious piece of machinery, in
|the form of an oblong square; the rest are corn mills.
|
|The church is a neat building, standing on an eminence about a
|quarter of a mile from the centre of the village.
|
78|Overton, Wilts, 183. A hamlet containing 33 houses, and 180
|inhabitants.
|
77|Ower, Hants, 86.
|
|
|P.
|
47|Padworth Mills, Berks, 179.
|
223|Palmer’s Bridge, Cornwall, 153.
|
|Palsgrove, Hants, 223.
|
49|Pangdean, Sussex, 51.
|
38|Park Wood, Surrey, 33.
|
36|Pastep Green, Kent, 19.
|
50|Patcham, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 30 houses, and 286
|inhabitants.
|
|Patching Pond, Sussex, 218.
|
31|Pease Marsh, Surrey, 27.
|
137|Pedwell, High, Somerset, 191.
|
274|Pelyn, Cornwall, 126.
|
35|Pembury Green, Kent, 19.
|
33|Pembury Wood, Kent, 19.
|
241|Pendean, Cornwall, 156.
|
280|Pendennis Castle, Cornwall, 130. This is one of the largest
|castles in the kingdom, standing on a high rock in the peninsula
|of Pendennis, at the mouth of Falmouth Haven. It was built by
|Henry the Eighth, but considerably improved by Queen Elizabeth.
|
119|Pen Mill, Somerset, 141.
|
228|Penerel’s Cross, Cornwall, 154.
|
254|Penmount, Cornwall, 158.
|
238|Pennant, Cornwall, 125, 154.
|
142|Penn Cross, Dorset, 112.
|
130|Pennymoor Pitt, Dorset, 139.
|
277|=Penryn=, Cornwall, 130. A borough and market town, containing 362
|houses, and 2713 inhabitants. It is situated on an eminence, at
|the mouth of the river called the King’s Road, which runs into
|Falmouth Harbour.
|
|Here is a market house, town hall, &c. and the town is extremely
|well watered, having streams running through the streets; on which
|there are four corn mills, and one paper mill.
|
|It was anciently surrounded by a wall, and defended by a strong
|castle.
|
|Penryn has sent members to parliament ever since the 1st of Queen
|Mary. Its principal business is in the pilchard and Newfoundland
|fisheries. The market days are on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday.
|
248|Pensawn, Cornwall, 157.
|
278|Penshanly, Cornwall, 130.
|
229|Penstroad, Cornwall, 154.
|
66|Penton Mewsey, Hants, 159. A parish containing 38 houses, and 215
|inhabitants.
|
93|Pentridge Down, Dorset, 105.
|
23|Pepbrook Bridge, Surrey, 63.
|
105|Pergin’s Island, Dorset, 90.
|
274|Perran Arworthal, Cornwall, 130. A township containing 125 houses,
|and 884 inhabitants.
|
274|Perranwell, Cornwall, 130.
|
165|Perry Elm, Somerset, 194.
|
54|=Petersfield=, Hants, 30. A borough and market town, situated on
|the river Loddon, containing 212 houses, and 1280 inhabitants.
|This town was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, and sends two
|members to parliament. The market is on Saturday.
|
148|Petherton, North, Somerset, 192. A parish of considerable extent,
|including seventeen villages, containing 436 houses, and 2346
|inhabitants. It consists principally of one long street; many of
|the houses are well built, and formerly it had a very considerable
|corn market on Saturday.
|
127|=Petherton=, South, Somerset, 168. A market town and parish,
|situated on the river Perrot, containing 346 houses, and 1674
|inhabitants. It has a good stone bridge over the river. The
|principal manufacture is that of dowlas, and the market is on
|Thursday.
|
49|=Petworth=, Sussex, 38, 43. A market town and parish, situated
|near the river Arun, containing 396 houses, and 2264 inhabitants.
|It is chiefly remarkable for a magnificent seat of the Earl of
|Egremont. (_see Index of Seats_).
|
|The church is a neat building, containing several monuments of the
|Percy family, and the market on Saturday is generally well
|supplied.
|
88|Picked Post, Hants, 88.
|
97|Pickwick, Wilts, 186.
|
116|Piddle Town, Dorset, 109. A parish containing 151 houses, and 909
|inhabitants. Formerly it was much more considerable, and had a
|market; the church is a very large and ancient building.
|
117|Piddletown Heath, Dorset, 109.
|
48|Piecomb, Sussex, 51.
|
7|Pigs Marsh, Surrey, 46.
|
102|Pimperne, Dorset, 107. A parish containing 62 houses, and 316
|inhabitants. The church contains many vestiges of Saxon antiquity,
|and the town appears to have been formerly much more considerable.
|
103|Pimperne Fields, Dorset, 107.
|
88|Pinhills, Wilts, 185.
|
183|Pitt, Devon, 118.
|
65|Pitt, Hants, 85.
|
65|Plant, Hants, 32.
|
46|Plashet Wood, Sussex, 59.
|
215|=Plymouth=, Devon, 122. A sea port, borough, and market town,
|situated at the mouths of the Tamar and Plym, which here fall into
|a bay of the Channel called _Plymouth Sound_. It contains 5732
|houses, and 56,060 inhabitants.
|
|The mouth of the Tamar is called _Hamoaze_, and that of the Plym,
|_Catwater_; and the sound is capable of receiving 1000 sail of
|shipping. It is one of the most considerable sea ports in the
|kingdom, and is defended by several strong batteries, and a
|citadel, erected in the reign of Charles the Second, opposite to
|Nicholas Island, which contains a large storehouse, and five
|regular bastions.
|
|Plymouth has two parish churches, a large custom-house, a charity
|school, several hospitals, exclusive of a general military and
|marine hospital, and an extensive workhouse. The town is well
|supplied with water, which was first brought from a place seven
|miles distant, at the expense of Sir Francis Drake, a native of
|this town.
|
|Between the town and the sea is a high hill, called the _Haw_,
|having a delightful plain on the top, and affording a most
|charming prospect.
|
|Opposite to Plymouth is Mount Edgecumbe, the charming seat of the
|Earl of that title, (_see Index of Seats_). This mount, commanding
|the town of Plymouth, was garrisoned for Charles the First, and
|considerably annoyed the town. Between Mount Edgecumbe and
|Plymouth are erected two baths, and near them an elegant assembly
|and breakfasting room.
|
|That part of Plymouth called the Dock, which lies about a mile and
|a half from the town, at the mouth of the Tamar, was first
|designed as a wet and dry dock, in the reign of William the Third,
|and to which two others have since been added, with all the
|conveniencies necessary for building and repairing ships of war;
|the docks are dug out of a mine of slate, and lined with Portland
|stone.
|
|Near the docks are erected ranges of storehouses for the arms,
|rigging, sails, &c. with houses for the various officers of the
|different departments to live in. Here are also commodious
|barracks, and so numerous are the shops, and the buildings have
|within these few years so rapidly increased, that =Dock= (as it is
|termed) is now as large as the town itself. There is also a neat
|little theatre here.
|
|For accommodating the great intercourse and distance between the
|extremities of the town, there are four-wheeled chaises drawn by
|one horse for regular hire, similar to the Hackney coaches of the
|metropolis.
|
|It returns two members to parliament, and is termed an admiralty
|borough. The markets are on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
|
|At the entrance of Plymouth Sound lies a very large and dangerous
|rock, called the _Edystone_, covered at high water, but at low
|water bare. On the summit of this rock is erected a light-house,
|80 feet high, built of Portland stone and granite.
|
216|Plymouth Dock, Devon, 122. (_see Plymouth_)
|
|Plymouth Sound, Devon, 122. (_see Plymouth_)
|
210|=Plympton Earle=, Devon, 122. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 92 houses, and 715 inhabitants. It was formerly called
|Plympton Thomas, out of respect to Thomas à Becket.
|
|The town consists of two irregular streets, and has a Guildhall,
|supported on stone pillars, beneath which is held the corn market.
|This is one of the stannary towns for stamping tin, and is a very
|ancient borough; it sends two members to parliament. The market is
|on Saturday, and there is also a market for all kinds of cattle
|the second Wednesday in every month. The town is well supplied
|with fish from the neighbouring sea-port towns almost every day.
|
210|Plympton, St. Mary, Devon, 122. A parish containing 245 houses,
|and 1562 inhabitants.
|
202|Point Bridge, Devon, 151.
|
229|Polecat, Cornwall, 124.
|
251|Polglaze, Cornwall, 158.
|
248|Polharmon, Cornwall, 126.
|
|Poling, Sussex, 217. A village containing 23 houses, and 170
|inhabitants.
|
217|Pollaphant, Cornwall, 153.
|
224|Polscove, Cornwall, 123.
|
183|Poltimore, Devon, 197. A parish containing 46 houses, and 250
|inhabitants.
|
225|Polvathic, Cornwall, 124.
|
254|Polwhele, Cornwall, 158.
|
|Polygon, Hants, 220.
|
75|Pond’s Foot Hill, Hants, 86,
|
106|=Poole=, Dorset, 90. A sea-port, borough, and market town,
|containing 1134 houses, and 4816 inhabitants.
|
|This town is about three quarters of a mile long, half a mile
|broad, and consists of three or four considerable streets, running
|nearly from north-east to south-west: it lies on the borders of a
|very narrow dreary heath, being a peninsula, joined to the parish
|of Lanford by a neck of land. It is of considerable antiquity,
|having been an important port in the time of the Romans, and a
|Roman military way may be still traced from hence to Wimbourn.
|
|The church, dedicated to St. James, was formerly a chapel of ease
|to Lanford, but has since been considerably enlarged, and contains
|several neat monuments.
|
|The harbour is considered the best and safest in the channel, as
|the ground is every where soft, and water sufficient at spring
|tides for vessels of sixteen feet draught to come up to the quay.
|Market on Monday and Thursday.
|
70|Poor, Hants, 32.
|
52|Popham, Hants, 76. A parish containing 5 houses, and 48
|inhabitants.
|
50|Popham Lane, Hants, 76.
|
|Porchester, Hants, 222. A parish containing 132 houses, and 917
|inhabitants. It was anciently called _Port Peris_, and was a
|sea-port before Portsmouth.
|
|Its ancient castle was erected to command the harbour, the walls
|of which formed a square of 440 feet, containing an area of four
|acres; they are six feet thick, and in many places 16 feet high,
|having 13 towers, besides the keep, which has four. It is of very
|great antiquity, but its age and founder are both unknown. This
|castle is now private property, rented by the crown, and has been
|appropriated to the purpose of confining prisoners of War. Towards
|the south-east part of the area is the parish church, which is an
|ancient fabric.
|
|Porchester Castle, Hants, 223. (_see Porchester_)
|
206|Portgate, Devon, 151.
|
66|Portsdown Hill, Hants, 32, 214, 223.
|
68|Portsea Gate and Turnpike, Hants, 32.
|
|Portslade, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 48 houses, and 284
|inhabitants. This village has partly risen out of the ruins of the
|parish of Aldrington, which the encroachments of the sea has
|entirely destroyed, not a house remaining.
|
71|=Portsmouth=, Hants, 32, 98. A sea-port, borough, market town, and
|parish, containing 7114 houses, and 40,567 inhabitants.
|
|This town was anciently defended by a wall of timber, covered with
|earth, and with bastions and forts of hewn stone. But in the reign
|of Queen Elizabeth it was strengthened by new works; at the
|restoration of King Charles the Second great improvements were
|made, by the establishment of new docks; and several forts were
|strongly fortified in the modern manner, since which time each
|succeeding monarch has made further improvements and additional
|works, and it is now the most regular fortress in Britain, and is
|reckoned almost impregnable by land as well as by sea.
|
|The dock yard, containing the warehouses for keeping all kinds of
|military and naval stores, is the most complete in the world, and
|possesses all the various manufactories necessary for supplying
|its different naval equipments. The docks and yards, in short,
|resemble a distinct town, there being particular rows of
|dwellings, built at the public expense, for all the principal
|officers who are under a separate government from the garrison.
|
|The streets of the town are mostly narrow and dirty, but always in
|a bustle, the consequence of the town being wholly supported by
|the fleets and armed vessels, which, during war, are constantly at
|anchor here; and in peace it is the general rendezvous of the
|India fleet.
|
|Close to the shore is the signal post, which is continually making
|signals to the ships lying at Spithead, as well as the telegraph,
|conveying intelligence and receiving orders from the Admiralty in
|the course of eight minutes.
|
|The whole of the walls round the town are planted with cannon, and
|on some of them are very pleasant walks, particularly on the east
|side, and near the sea, commanding a beautiful prospect.
|
|The church, with its tower, cupola, and lantern, may pass as a
|stately edifice, but the style of its architecture is not
|remarkable for any beauty.
|
|Portsmouth sends two members to parliament, it has a port admiral,
|and all the various officers of the revenue. On South-sea Beach
|are several commodious bathing machines. The mouth of the harbour
|is not so broad as the Thames at Westminster, and is defended on
|the Gosport side by four forts and a strong platform of cannon.
|The markets are on Thursday and Saturday, as well as a small one
|on Tuesday; and a fair which continues fourteen days.
|
70|Portsmouth Common, Hants, 32.
|
257|Pothall, Cornwall, 128.
|
14|Potter’s Lane, Surrey, 47.
|
90|Poulner, Hants, 88.
|
210|Poulston, Devon, 152.
|
121|Poundbury, Dorset, 109. Poundbury Camp is an irregular
|parallelogram in shape, surrounded by a vallum, which is very
|lofty, but appears to have been discontinued on the north side, or
|perhaps has been worn away: on the east side, on which was the
|principal entrance, it appears to have been double. Another
|entrance next the river was made with the greatest art, a narrow
|path being drawn all along between the edge of the precipice and
|the vallum; and beyond the camp, west, for a long way, a small
|trench is cut upon the said edge, which seems designed to prevent
|the ascent of cavalry. The breadth of the area is 147 paces, and
|its length 378: towards the middle the ground is considerably
|elevated, and near the south side is a barrow, which is imagined
|to be Celtic, and extant before the camp was made.
|
103|Pound Close, Dorset, 107.
|
229|Pounds Cause, Cornwall, 154.
|
27|Povey Cross, Surrey, 48.
|
17|Pratt’s Bottom, Kent, 17.
|
75|Preshute, Wilts, 183. A parish containing 100 houses, and 496
|inhabitants.
|
122|Preston, Somerset, 141. A parish containing 46 houses, and 260
|inhabitants.
|
52|Preston, Sussex, 51. A parish containing 31 houses, and 222
|inhabitants.
|
|Prinsted, Sussex, 215.
|
263|Probus, Cornwall, 128. A parish containing 194 houses, and 1013
|inhabitants.
|
118|Puddimore, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 26 houses, and 154
|inhabitants.
|
128|Puddle Town, Somerset, 142.
|
45|Puntfield, Berks, 178.
|
65|Purbrook, Hants, 32.
|
8|Putney Heath, Surrey, 24. On this heath stands an obelisk, erected
|to commemorate an invention for securing buildings against fire.
|
|
|Q.
|
|Quag-end, Hants, 213.
|
70|Quarley, Hants, 159. A parish containing 34 houses, and 134
|inhabitants.
|
71|Quarley Hill, Hants, 160. On this hill are considerable traces of
|a Roman encampment.
|
31|Quarry Hill, Kent, 14.
|
115|Queen’s Camel, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 94 houses, and
|584 inhabitants. This was formerly a considerable town, having two
|markets weekly, but was nearly destroyed by fire about two
|centuries since.
|
80|Quemerford, Bridge, Wilts, 184.
|
83|Quidhampton, Wilts, 136, 208.
|
|
|R.
|
42|Radfield, Kent, 6.
|
127|Radipole, Dorset, 171. A parish containing 26 houses, and 151
|inhabitants.
|
114|Radstoke, Somerset, 188. A parish containing 100 houses, and 509
|inhabitants.
|
89|Rag Lane, Wilts, 185.
|
34|Rainham, Kent, 5. A parish containing 119 houses, and 722
|inhabitants. It consists of one principal street, and the church
|contains several ancient monuments, particularly an elegant marble
|statue of one of the Earls of Thanet.
|
33|Rainham, Mark, Kent, 5.
|
49|Rake, Sussex, 29.
|
72|=Ramsgate=, Kent, 13. This town is situated in a valley,
|commanding a delightful prospect of the British Channel. Anciently
|it was but a mean fishing village, but has acquired its present
|respectability from its inhabitants, about a century back,
|entering largely into the Russia and East country trade, and of
|late years from its fashionable resort as a sea-bathing place. A
|spacious new street has been erected for the accommodation of its
|numerous summer visitors, and it has now become the rival of
|Margate.
|
|The pier, built of Portland and Purbeck stone, at the expence of
|several hundred thousand pounds, is the most magnificent structure
|of the kind in the kingdom. It extends eight hundred feet into the
|sea before it forms an angle, and is twenty-six feet broad at the
|top. Its south front is a polygon, its angles five on a side, each
|four hundred and fifty feet, with octagons of sixty feet at the
|ends, and the entrance two hundred feet; this great work was began
|in 1749. The harbour is capable of admitting vessels of five
|hundred tons, and the pier forms the grand promenade.
|
|The bathing place lies in front of a long line of high chalky
|rocks at the back of the pier, composed of a reddish sand, soft
|and pleasant to the feet; it is furnished with machines in the
|same manner as Margate. The rooms for the accommodation of the
|bathers are commodious, and there are four warm salt water baths,
|also a plunging and shower bath, with convenient rooms attached.
|The assembly room is a neat fabric, near the harbour, with all the
|various coffee, tea, billiard, card, &c. rooms annexed; the whole
|is under the direction of the master of the ceremonies of Margate.
|There are several good hotels, and numerous lodging houses, suited
|to every sort of company. It has a handsome chapel erected in
|1785. The town is well paved, lighted, and watched; and contains
|919 houses, and 4221 inhabitants.
|
|In addition to the many improvements made at Ramsgate, a stone
|light-house has been built on the west head, furnished with patent
|lamps and reflectors. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday.
|
41|Ramsnest Common, Surrey, 37.
|
75|Ranvill’s Gate, Hants, 86.
|
69|Ratlick, Hants, 85.
|
133|Rayn, St., Hill, Somerset, 143.
|
39|=Reading=, Berks, 178. A borough and market town, on the river
|Kennet, which joins the Thames a little below the town. It
|consists of three parishes, and contains 2032 houses, and 10,788
|inhabitants. Each parish has its church, and there is a neat stone
|bridge over the river.
|
|Reading sends two members to parliament; and here are held the
|Lent Assizes, and the Epiphany County Sessions. The streets are
|paved, many of them are wide, and contain some handsome houses.
|Its principal manufactures are sacking, sail-cloth, blankets,
|ribbons, and pins.
|
|On Bullmarsh Heath there are annual horse races, the third
|Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, in August. Here is also a small
|theatre. The principal market days are on Saturday, for corn,
|cattle, and provisions; and on Wednesday, for provisions, poultry,
|fruit, vegetables, &c.
|
77|Redbridge, Hants, 91.
|
90|Red Hill, Wilts, 185.
|
108|Redlynch, Somerset, 173.
|
93|Red Stocks, Wilts, 199.
|
237|Redtye, Cornwall, 156.
|
|Rewell Wood, The, Sussex, 217.
|
17|Richmore Hill, Kent, 17.
|
13|Riddles Down, Surrey, 55.
|
123|Ridge Way, Dorset, 171.
|
91|Ridge Wood, Great, Wilts, 163.
|
210|Ridgway, Devon, 122.
|
91|=Ringwood=, Hants, 88. A market town and parish, containing 678
|houses, and 3269 inhabitants, situated on the east side of the
|river Avon. Many of the houses and the church are well built. This
|town has long been celebrated for the excellence of its ale, of
|which considerable quantities are exported.
|
|The neighbouring meadows are frequently overflowed by the several
|streams into which the river is here divided. The market is on
|Wednesday.
|
23|Ripley, Surrey, 26. This is a handsome little village, and has a
|neat chapel.
|
22|Riverhead, Kent, 17. This village takes its name from the head of
|the river Darent in the neighbourhood. It contains 129 houses, and
|750 inhabitants.
|
25|River Hill, Kent, 18.
|
239|Roach Down, Cornwall, 156.
|
50|Robertsbridge, Sussex, 21.
|
29|ROCHESTER, Kent, 4. A city containing three parishes, 1532 houses,
|and 9070 inhabitants, situated on an angle of the river Medway. A
|church was first erected here about the year 600, by Ethelbert,
|King of Kent. The present steeple was built about the year 1749.
|On the north side of the cathedral stands a tower or castle,
|supposed to have been erected by bishop Gundulph, whose name it
|bears; it was originally sixty feet high, but is now much reduced:
|the walls are six feet thick, and enclose an area of twenty feet
|square.
|
|Rochester has a stone bridge over the Medway, of eleven arches,
|the largest being about forty feet wide. The castle is so lofty
|that it may be seen at the distance of thirty miles; several
|attempts have been made to pull it down, but it was found too
|durable to pay for the expence of rescaling the stones.
|
|Rochester and Chatham are connected by a long row of buildings on
|a gentle eminence, called the Bank. In the cemetery, on the north
|side of the cathedral, is the church belonging to the parish of
|St. Nicholas. The present fabric was erected about the year 1620.
|It is a very substantial building, the walls being of great
|thickness, and supported on all sides by buttresses; it consists
|of a nave and two side aisles, which are separated by two ranges
|of lofty columns, from which spring the arches supporting the
|roof. The episcopal palace is at Bromley, no bishop having resided
|here since the Reformation. The town hall, erected in 1687, is a
|handsome structure: the clock-house was built in 1686, at the
|expence of Sir Cloudesley Shovel, who also gave the clock; it has
|been subsequently repaired and beautified at the city’s expence.
|The main street is wide and well paved. This city sends two
|members to parliament, who are elected by the freemen at large.
|The market is on Friday.
|
165|Rockbere, Devon, 116. A parish containing 78 houses, and 419
|inhabitants.
|
164|Rockwell Green, Somerset, 194.
|
39|Rodd Lane, Surrey, 28.
|
|Roe Ashes, Hants, 213.
|
73|=Romsey=, Hants, 86, 211, 220. A market town and parish,
|containing 933 houses, and 4297 inhabitants; situated on the river
|Test, which falls into Southampton bay; and the canal, from
|Southampton to Andover, passes through the town.
|
|The church is a noble edifice, built in the form of a cross, and
|is arched with stone of beautiful Saxon architecture; it contains
|several curious and ancient monuments; but the most singular
|curiosity is an apple tree growing on the leads of the roof, which
|produces good fruit: the origin of this tree is not remembered by
|the oldest inhabitant.
|
|The principal trade of this town is in the manufacture of sacking
|and paper. The market is on Saturday.
|
76|Romsey Common, Hants, 86.
|
57|Rooks Hill, Sussex, 36.
|
55|Ropley Dean, Hants, 83.
|
53|Ropley Stoke, Hants, 83.
|
254|Rosedale, Cornwall, 158.
|
237|Rosewarick, Cornwall, 156.
|
87|Roundaway, Wilts, 198.
|
131|Roundham, Somerset, 143.
|
131|Roundham Common, Somerset, 143.
|
90|Rowd, Wilts, 199, a parish containing 178 houses, and 796
|inhabitants.
|
99|Rudley, Wilts, 186.
|
99|Rudley Firs, Wilts, 186.
|
82|Rufus’s Stone, Hants, 87. This pillar was erected by the late Lord
|Delawar, in commemoration of the fatal catastrophe of King William
|the Second, surnamed Rufus. It consists of a plain triangular
|stone, not more than six feet high, surmounted with a ball, and
|charged with inscriptions.
|
78|Rumbridge, Hants, 91, 92.
|
53|Rumsden Bottom, Hants, 95.
|
159|Rumwell, Somerset, 194.
|
33|Ruscombe, Wilts, 177.
|
138|Rush Moor, Somerset, 169.
|
6|Rushy Green, Kent, 15.
|
4|Rushy Green, Surrey, 52.
|
243|Ruthvos, Cornwall, 156.
|
243|Rye Downs, Cornwall, 126.
|
21|=Ryegate=, Surrey, 47, 54. A borough and market town, consisting
|of two well built streets, containing 407 houses, and 2246
|inhabitants. It is situated in a pleasant valley called Holmsdale,
|and its name is supposed to have been derived from a Saxon word
|signifying the course of a river, it being seated on a branch of
|the Mole. A gate and some small remains are still to be seen of
|_Holms Castle_, particularly a long vault with a large room at the
|end, in which the Barons, who took up arms against King John, are
|said to have had their private meetings, especially the evening
|preceding the general congress at Runny Mead: which has rendered
|this place an object of curiosity.
|
|Ryegate has sent members to parliament ever since the reign of
|Edward the First.
|
|The neighbourhood abounds with fullers earth, and medicinal
|springs. Market on Tuesday, besides a monthly one on Wednesday.
|
19|Ryegate Hill, Surrey, 47.
|
|
|S.
|
52|Sages Cross, Berks, 179.
|
81|SALISBURY, Wilts, 104, 136, 209. A city containing 1575 houses,
|and 8243 inhabitants. It was first built on a hill, a situation
|chosen by the Britons. The original cathedral was finished in the
|most splendid manner by bishop Roger, in the reign of King
|Stephen, but the bishop’s castle being seized and garrisoned by
|the king, the bishops and canons resolved to remove to a spot
|where they would be less disturbed; and the present site of the
|cathedral was chosen by bishop Poore, in the reign of Henry the
|Third. The church was began in 1220, and finished in six years.
|The body of the building is supported by ten pointed arches on
|each side, resting on clusters of the lightest pillars, each
|transept has three such arches, forming as many chapels, and the
|choir has seven arches. The chapter house is an octagonal
|building, with a clustered pillar in the middle, the frieze all
|round, under the windows, has reliefs of scripture history in
|tolerable preservation. The cloister on the south is the largest
|and most magnificent in England. The west front and buttresses of
|the cathedral all round have been filled with statues. In the
|nave, choir, and transepts, are many handsome and ancient
|monuments of the earls and bishops of Salisbury. The whole
|cathedral has of late years undergone a thorough repair, and
|received many improvements. The east window, which is twenty-three
|feet in height, is composed of beautiful painted glass; the
|windows on each side are painted in mosaic, as well as those on
|the north and south sides of what was called the Lady Chapel. This
|cathedral is the most elegant and regular Gothic structure in the
|kingdom, and its spire, which is the loftiest in England, is 410
|feet high.
|
|The church of St. Thomas was built by bishop Bingham, as a chapel
|of ease to the cathedral, and contains several handsome monuments;
|it is ornamented with a well adorned tower, ninety feet high to
|the top of the stone work, the finishing above being of wood
|covered with lead. In the tower are eight bells, with a set of
|chimes. On the east side of the tower is a dial near ten feet
|square, and on the south side are two figures in niches, of Thomas
|à Becket, and the Virgin Mary with our Saviour in her arms.
|
|The market place is very extensive, being a handsome open square,
|in the south-east corner of which stands the council house, a
|magnificent structure, occupying the site of the old Guildhall; it
|was erected at the expence of the Earl of Radnor, and completed in
|1795. It is a square building of white brick, with a grand Doric
|portico at the entrance to the two courts of law on the west side,
|and a large bow window projecting from the great room on the east.
|The principal entrance is on the north, with a flight of steps
|leading to the door through a noble façade, consisting of four
|Doric columns; the whole building is surrounded by a rich cornice,
|and the angles of each front are ornamented with handsome rustic
|work in stone. In the different apartments contained in this
|building all the public business of the city is transacted.
|
|Salisbury was first incorporated by Henry the Third, and increased
|so much after the desertion of Old Sarum, the building of the
|cathedral, and the turning the western road through it by a grant
|from Edward the Third, that it soon became one of the most
|thriving cities in England. It has a considerable manufacture of
|flannels, and the cloth called Salisbury whites, and some traffic
|in cutlery. The streets are in general spacious, and built at
|right angles. Four rivers meet near the city, and the waters of
|three of them run through the streets in canals lined with brick.
|There are no vaults in any of the churches, nor any cellars in the
|town, the soil being so moist that the water rises up in the
|graves dug in the cathedral.
|
|Salisbury sends two members to parliament. There is a concert
|every other Thursday during the winter, and once a month during
|the summer, well supported, and at which all strangers are
|admitted gratis: there is also an assembly every other Thursday
|during the winter, and a neat little theatre.
|
|Here are three charity schools, in which 170 children are taught
|and clothed.
|
|The races are commonly held in the month of August, and continue
|three days, being generally well attended. The markets are on
|Tuesday and Saturday.
|
112|Saltford, Somerset, 202. A parish containing 54 houses, and 223
|inhabitants.
|
21|Salt Hill, Bucks, 175. This hamlet is remarkable for its fine
|situation, and for being the spot to which the scholars of Eton
|make their procession triennially, called the _Montem_, when a
|public collection is made from the company for the benefit of the
|captain of the school, who is generally elected a member of King’s
|College, Cambridge. This collection often amounts to £1000.
|
|Salts, New, Sussex, 219.
|
|Salvington, Sussex, 218.
|
|Sarisbury Green, Hants, 221.
|
64|Sarre, Kent, 12. This village was once a place of some repute, and
|had anciently a haven, where there is now only a small brook.
|
71|Savernake Forest, Wilts, 182. This forest is twelve miles in
|circumference, plentifully stocked with deer, and rendered very
|pleasant by the many delightful walks and vistas cut through the
|coppices and woods with which it abounds.
|
|Scratchbury Camp, Wilts, 206. This fine encampment comprehends an
|area of forty acres, enclosed with a single ditch and rampart,
|1846 yards in circuit, having three entrances; and is supposed to
|be of British origin, from the remains of antiquity found within
|its precinct.
|
101|Search, Wilts, 172.
|
92|Seend, Wilts, 199. A township containing 169 houses, and 976
|inhabitants.
|
92|Sells Green, Wilts, 199.
|
88|Setley Plain, Hants, 93.
|
23|=Sevenoaks=, Kent, 18. A market town and parish, containing 358
|houses, and 1922 inhabitants. It is supposed to have derived its
|name from seven remarkable oaks which stood near it when first
|built. The town is well built, and has a good free grammar school.
|The market is on Saturday.
|
25|Sevenoaks Common, Kent, 18.
|
8|Severndroog Castle, Kent, 1, is situated on the top of Shooter’s
|Hill, and may be seen at a great distance from almost every part
|of the adjacent country. It was built by Lady James, to
|commemorate the reduction of Severndroog, in 1756, a strong fort,
|which belonged to Angria the pirate, on an island near Bombay.
|This structure is of a triangular form, with turrets at each
|angle. From the top of this tower a most delightful view of the
|surrounding country is obtained, including the metropolis, the
|shipping on the river Thames, and the long range of the Surrey
|hills, the top of the building being 482 feet above the level of
|the sea.
|
129|Sevilles, Somerset, 142.
|
129|Sevington, St. Mary, Somerset, 168.
|
129|Sevington, St. Michael, Somerset, 168.
|
58|Sewards Bridge, Hants, 84.
|
100|=Shaftesbury=, Dorset, 138. A borough and market town, consisting
|of three parishes, containing 589 houses, and 2635 inhabitants. It
|is situated on a hill, supposed by Camden to have been founded by
|Alfred, and is recorded to have been a populous city, containing
|twelve churches, before the Conquest, only three of which now
|remain, none of them retaining any thing worthy of note. The
|houses are tolerably well built; and many of them of free-stone.
|In the corn market is a neat town hall, in which the Quarter
|Sessions are held. Water here is extremely scarce.
|
|This borough has returned two members to parliament since the
|reign of Henry the Third, except during the reigns of Henry the
|Seventh, Eighth, and Edward the Sixth. The chief manufacture of
|the town is that of shirt buttons, which are mostly made by women
|and children. The market is on Saturday, and is well supplied with
|all kinds of provision.
|
137|Shapwick, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 79 houses, and 408
|inhabitants.
|
102|Shave, Wilts, 172.
|
56|Shaw, Berks, 180. A parish containing 96 houses, and 422
|inhabitants.
|
97|Shaw, Wilts, 200.
|
97|Shaw Hill, Wilts, 200.
|
53|Sheet Bridge, Hants, 30.
|
84|Shepherds Shore, Wilts, 198.
|
115|=Sherborne=, Dorset, 140. A market town and parish, containing 597
|houses, and 3370 inhabitants. It was anciently a bishopric, but in
|the 11th century, the see being removed to Salisbury, the
|cathedral was converted into an abbey. It was originally a noble
|structure, but, in the reign of Henry the Seventh, a quarrel
|happening between the monks and inhabitants, the latter set fire
|to the building, and great part of it was burned down. At the
|dissolution of monasteries it was made parochial, and is now the
|finest parish church in the west of England. The inside is
|beautifully decorated, and contains many Saxon monuments of kings
|and nobility.
|
|The town is pleasantly situated on the declivity of a hill, and is
|divided into two parts, called Sherborne and Castleton, by the
|river Ivel: that part called _Castleton_ had a strong castle
|erected by Roger, third bishop of Salisbury, which in the civil
|wars of Charles the First, was the first castle besieged by the
|parliament forces, and the last that held out for that prince.
|Only the ruins of this castle are now to be seen. The markets are
|on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and are well supplied.
|
102|Sherborne Causeway, Dorset, 139.
|
|Sherfield, English, Hants, 210. A parish containing 66 houses, and
|324 inhabitants.
|
|Sherfield, Hatchet, Hants, 210.
|
68|Sherrill Heath, Hants, 97, 213.
|
|Sherrington, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 209 houses, and 134
|inhabitants.
|
223|Sheviock, Cornwall, 123. A parish containing 76 houses, and 409
|inhabitants.
|
|Shidfield, Hants, 213.
|
175|Shillingford, Devon, 117. A parish containing 12 houses, and 71
|inhabitants.
|
42|Shingley Wood, Kent, 20.
|
132|Shipton Beacon, Dorset, 111.
|
|Shirley, Hants, 220.
|
|Shoalford, Somerset, 205.
|
|Shoot Ash Hill, Hants, 210.
|
|Shoot End, Wilts, 209.
|
8|Shooters Hill, Kent, 2. This hill is supposed to have derived its
|name from the exercise of archery carried on in the neighbouring
|woods in former times. On the summit of the hill, which commands a
|most extensive prospect, are some pleasant houses. It was formerly
|noted for robberies, till the road was widened, and much of the
|coppice wood cut down. On the right of the road stands a
|triangular tower. (_See Severndroog Castle._)
|
|=Shoreham, New=, Sussex, 219. A sea-port, borough, and market
|town, on the river Adur, containing 168 houses, and 770
|inhabitants.
|
|The town lies about a mile within the haven, singularly built, in
|the centre of which is the market house, standing on Doric
|pillars. The church is an extensive building, and was formerly
|collegiate; of late it has been repaired, and greatly beautified.
|Although it is only a tide haven, yet as it is the best upon the
|coast, vessels of considerable burthen come into it. Beyond the
|town is a timber bridge across the river, leading to Arundel and
|Chichester. Here are also military barracks. The town is a borough
|by prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since the
|year 1298.
|
|Shoreham has a considerable trade in ship-building, and is noted
|for the excellence of its oysters. The market is on Saturday.
|
|Shoreham, Old, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 48 houses, and 247
|inhabitants.
|
78|Shorne Hill Common, Hants, 86.
|
71|Shortenden, Kent, 12.
|
176|Show Thorn, Devon, 147.
|
64|Shripney, Sussex, 42.
|
22|Shrubs Hill, Surrey, 72.
|
96|Shurnell, Wilts, 200.
|
149|Shute Hill, Devon, 113.
|
80|Silbury Hill, Wilts, 183, 198. The remains of a stupendous Roman
|barrow, it rises 170 feet in perpendicular height, and its form is
|the frustrum of a cone, its diameter at the top being 105 feet,
|and at the bottom 500. In digging through the centre of this hill,
|in 1777, nothing was found but a rotten post, and a rusty knife.
|
48|Silver Hill, Sussex, 21. A strong military post, commanding a most
|extensive view of the country.
|
|Silvers Lake Bridge, Hants, 213.
|
136|Simondsbury, Dorset, 112.
|
55|Singleton, Sussex, 35. A parish containing 74 houses, and 445
|inhabitants.
|
54|Singleton Wood, Sussex, 35.
|
14|Sipson Green, Middlesex, 174.
|
40|Sittingbourn, Kent, 6. This village, (which was formerly a market
|town) consists of one long street, containing 200 houses, and 1347
|inhabitants. The church is a large and handsome building, in which
|are many ancient monuments.
|
41|Skewers, Hants, 74.
|
|Slindon Common, Sussex, 216.
|
20|Slough, Bucks, 175.
|
38|Slough Green, Sussex, 50.
|
20|Slough, New, Bucks, 175.
|
117|Slow Court, Somerset, 166.
|
|Smallbrook, Wilts, 206.
|
8|Smallbury Green, Middlesex, 70.
|
207|Smithalee, Devon, 121.
|
65|Smitham, Berks, 181.
|
12|Smitham Bottom, Surrey, 53.
|
139|Snow Down, Somerset, 145.
|
121|Sock Dinnis, Somerset, 167.
|
|Sompting, Sussex, 218.
|
35|Sonning, Berks, 177. A parish containing 187 houses, and 1111
|inhabitants.
|
97|Sopley, Hants, 94. A parish containing 165 houses, and 840
|inhabitants.
|
197|Sourton Down, Devon, 150.
|
75|=Southampton=, Hants, 79, 91, 221. A borough town, consisting of
|seven parishes, (including Stoneham,) situated at the union of the
|rivers Test and Itchen, which form Southampton Bay. It contains
|1669 houses, and 9617 inhabitants; many of the streets are
|handsome and well built. The High-street, terminating at the Quay,
|much resembles, in width and beauty, the High-street of Oxford,
|and has a charming view of the river and the New Forest, and the
|shops may vie with any in the metropolis. The town, (except the
|eastern part) is well paved and lighted, and supplied with
|excellent water.
|
|The approach to the town from the London road is exceedingly
|striking, from the beautiful view of Southampton Bay, the Isle of
|Wight, and the scenery of the New Forest, elegant seats and rows
|of trees line the road on both sides; and on entering the town by
|one of its more fashionable streets, the view is farther
|heightened by that venerable remain of antiquity, the Bargate. The
|north front is a semi-octagon, flanked with two semicircular
|turrets, and crowned with large and handsome open machicolations;
|above the arch of entrance, on a row of sunk pannels, is a shield
|of relief, charged with the arms of England, Scotland, Paulet,
|Windham, &c. The greater part is supposed to have been erected in
|the reign of Edward the Third, the front towards the High Street
|is modern and plain, and has a statue of Queen Anne in the central
|niche. Over the arches of the two foot and carriage ways is a
|town-hall and grand jury-room. Two lions, cast in lead, guard the
|entrance of the Bargate, besides which there are two gigantic
|figures of _Ascupart_ and his renowned conqueror, _Sir Bevis of
|Southampton_.
|
|The walls with which the town was anciently surrounded are in many
|places quite destroyed, but in others they still present a
|venerable appearance; they were defended by towers at different
|intervals, several of which still remain. The circuit of the
|ancient walls is computed to have been about a mile and a quarter,
|but the whole town cannot be less than three miles round at
|present.
|
|The castle stands in the south part of the town, and seems to have
|been of a semicircular form, of which the town wall towards the
|sea, formed the diameter. The keep stood on a high artificial
|mount, and from its ruins a small round tower has been
|constructed, from whence there is a delightful prospect. It is
|supposed to have been of Saxon origin. The castle is now the
|property of the Marquis of Lansdown, of which has been formed, by
|considerable additions, a very commodious mansion.
|
|Southampton contains five parish churches, these are for the most
|part handsome edifices.
|
|Near the west quay is a range of convenient baths, in which the
|water is changed every tide; here is also a commodious warm bath:
|further towards the channel is another suit of convenient and well
|frequented baths, and several bathing machines have been erected
|at the Cross-house near Itchen Ferry.
|
|At the bottom of Orchard Street, without the Bargate, is a spring
|of the nature of Tunbridge Wells, and used with effect for the
|same complaints. The public rooms are situated near the baths, and
|command a delightful prospect. Here is also a capacious and
|elegant theatre. The town has several well furnished libraries,
|and three respectable banks.
|
|About half a mile from the Bargate stand the barracks, enclosing
|an area of two acres.
|
|This town was made a borough by Henry the Second, and by King John
|a county of itself; it returns two members to parliament, and has
|a market on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
|
33|Southborough, Kent, 14.
|
143|South Common, Dorset, 144.
|
41|Southcot, Berks, 178.
|
7|Southend, Kent, 16.
|
38|Southwater, Sussex, 65.
|
128|Southway, Somerset, 190.
|
|Southwick, Hants, 213. A village containing 109 houses, and 569
|inhabitants.
|
|Southwick, Sussex, 219. A parish containing 34 houses, and 271
|inhabitants.
|
95|Spa, Wilts, 199. In the summer of 1814, a medicinal spring was
|discovered here, the waters of which are said to resemble those of
|Cheltenham.
|
114|Sparkford, Somerset, 166. A parish containing 44 houses, and 239
|inhabitants.
|
|Sparsholt, Hants, 211.
|
57|Speen, Berks, 180. A parish containing 71 houses, and 408
|inhabitants. It was a considerable town under the Romans, and
|called _Spinae_. Donnington Castle, now in ruins, was erected out
|of the remains of its ancient castrum.
|
56|Speenhamland, Berks, 180. A tything containing 140 houses, and 712
|inhabitants.
|
56|Speen Hill, Berks, 180.
|
183|Spire Lake, Devon, 148.
|
207|Spry, Devon, 151.
|
16|=Staines=, Middlesex, 71. A market town and parish, situated on
|the banks of the Thames, containing 355 houses, and 2042
|inhabitants. The town is neat, being lately much improved, and an
|iron bridge erected over the river. The name is supposed to be
|derived from the Saxon word _stana_, a stone, from the
|London-mark-stone, which stands above the bridge at Coln Ditch,
|denoting the boundary of the city of London on the river; this
|stone bears the date 1280. The market is on Friday.
|
109|Stalbridge, Somerset, 140.
|
|Standerwick, Somerset, 205.
|
|Standerwick Common, Somerset, 205.
|
|Standlinch Down, Wilts, 209.
|
21|Stansted Borough, Surrey, 56.
|
36|Staplefield Common, Sussex, 49.
|
|Stapleford, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 46 houses, and 238
|inhabitants.
|
140|Stawell, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 24 houses, and 124
|inhabitants.
|
213|Stephens, St., Cornwall, 152. A parish containing 342 houses, and
|1738 inhabitants.
|
|Steeple Langford, Wilts, 207. A village containing 118 houses, and
|523 inhabitants.
|
274|Sticken Bridge, Cornwall, 130.
|
257|Sticker, Higher, Cornwall, 128.
|
191|Sticklepath, Lower, Devon, 149.
|
66|=Stockbridge=, Hants, 133. A borough and market town, containing
|145 houses, and 663 inhabitants. It returns two members to
|parliament, but is not a corporation, being a borough by
|prescription. The market is on Thursday.
|
68|Stockbridge Race Course, Hants, 134.
|
144|Stockland, Dorset, 145. A parish containing 198 houses, and 988
|inhabitants.
|
146|Stockland Hill, Dorset, 146.
|
|Stockton, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 42 houses, and 224
|inhabitants.
|
90|Stockton Wood, Wilts, 162.
|
2|Stockwell Common, Surrey, 45.
|
|Stoford, Wilts, 208.
|
|Stoke, South, Somerset, 204. A village containing 39 houses, and
|177 inhabitants.
|
124|Stoke, West, Somerset, 167.
|
201|Stone, Devon, 150.
|
70|Stone, Hants, 32.
|
141|Stonebarrow, Dorset, 112.
|
20|Stone Bridge, Kent, 3.
|
43|Stone Crouch, Kent, 20.
|
|Stoneham, North, Hants, 212. A parish containing 83 houses, and
|675 inhabitants. In the church is a beautiful monument to the
|memory of Lord Hawke.
|
|Stoneham, South, Hants, 212. A parish containing 228 houses, and
|1255 inhabitants.
|
80|Stonehenge, Wilts, 161. (_See Amesbury._)
|
80|Stonehenge Down, Wilts, 161.
|
216|Stonehouse, Devon, 122. A township and chapelry, containing 358
|houses, and 3407 inhabitants.
|
14|Stone Ness, Surrey, 53.
|
|Stone Quarries, Somerset, 204.
|
174|Stones Hill, Devon, 196.
|
82|Stoney Cross, Hants, 87.
|
185|Stop Gate, Devon, 197.
|
94|Stops Beacon, Wilts, 163.
|
103|Stour Head, Wilts, 172.
|
103|Stourton, Wilts, 172. A parish containing 50 houses, and 306
|inhabitants.
|
102|Stourton Lane, Wilts, 172.
|
104|Stower, East and West, Dorset, 139. A parish containing 72 houses,
|and 380 inhabitants.
|
103|Stower Common, Dorset, 139.
|
106|Stower Hill, Dorset, 139.
|
162|Straightway Head, Devon, 115.
|
242|Stream Works, Cornwall, 156.
|
6|Streatham, Surrey, 52. A parish containing 386 houses, and 2357
|inhabitants. In 1660, a mineral water of a cathartic quality was
|discovered in this parish, which is still held in esteem. The
|church is a new building.
|
7|Streatham Common, Surrey, 52.
|
132|Street, Somerset, 190. A parish containing 88 houses, and 540
|inhabitants.
|
137|Street Ash, Somerset, 169.
|
53|Street, North, Hants, 83.
|
61|Strettington, Sussex, 40, 216.
|
28|Stroud, Kent, 4, a town and parish, containing 196 houses, and
|1172 inhabitants. It is separated from Rochester by the river
|Medway, over which is a stone bridge. The church is a handsome
|building, consisting of a nave and two aisles, one hundred feet in
|length. In the south aisle is a stone chapel, the pavement of
|which contains several specimens of Mosaic work.
|
29|Stubbings, Berks, 176.
|
28|Stubbings Heath, Berks, 176.
|
90|Studley, Wilts, 185.
|
58|Sturry, Kent, 11. A parish containing 130 houses, and 657
|inhabitants. It is situated on the river Stour, over which is a
|neat stone bridge.
|
246|Summer Court, Cornwall, 157.
|
91|Summerham Bridge, Wilts, 199.
|
11|Sutton, Surrey, 46. A parish containing 93 houses, and 579
|inhabitants.
|
59|Sutton Hants, 132.
|
10|Sutton Common, Surrey, 46.
|
139|Sutton Mallet, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 17 houses, and
|151 inhabitants.
|
94|Swallow Cliff, Wilts, 137. A parish containing 38 houses, and 217
|inhabitants.
|
|Swanwick, Hants, 221.
|
|Swathling, Hants, 212.
|
|
|T.
|
217|Tall Petherwin, Cornwall, 153.
|
140|Talworth, Somerset, 144.
|
15|Tangier, Surrey, 47.
|
|Tangmere, Sussex, 216. A parish containing 24 houses, and 136
|inhabitants.
|
25|Taplow, Bucks, 176. A parish containing 80 houses, and 422
|inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames,
|commanding a fine prospect of the surrounding country, which is
|adorned with many elegant villas.
|
232|Tarr, Cornwall, 124.
|
100|Tarrant Hinton, Dorset, 106. This village contains 41 houses, and
|192 inhabitants.
|
156|=Taunton=, Somerset, 193. A borough and market town, consisting of
|two parishes, situated on the river Tone, containing 1371 houses,
|and 6997 inhabitants. It consists of four principal streets, and
|is in length, from east to west, near a mile. The houses are well
|built, and the streets wide and clean. The church of St. James is
|an old building, having a square tower and six bells; that of St.
|Mary Magdalen is a handsome structure, having a lofty tower,
|containing eight bells.
|
|This town has a considerable manufacture of silks, and here are
|two banking houses. It is an ancient borough by prescription, but
|the borough does not comprehend the whole of the town, only part
|of the parish of St. Mary Magdalen being within its limits. It
|sends two members to parliament, and has a market on Wednesday and
|Saturday.
|
180|Tedburn, St. Mary, Devon, 147. A parish containing 84 houses, and
|527 inhabitants.
|
227|Temple, Cornwall, 154. A parish containing only 2 houses, and 15
|inhabitants.
|
226|Temple Bridge, Cornwall, 154.
|
227|Temple Tor, Cornwall, 154.
|
20|Tetsworth Water, Bucks, 175.
|
14|Thames Ditton, Surrey, 24. A parish pleasantly situated on the
|banks of the Thames, containing 265 houses, and 1288 inhabitants.
|
53|Thatcham, Berks, 180. A parish containing 407 houses, and 1995
|inhabitants.
|
44|Theal, Berks, 178.
|
98|Thick Thorn, Dorset, 106.
|
213|Thomas, St., Cornwall, 152. A parish containing 36 houses, and 173
|inhabitants.
|
79|Thomas’s, St., Bridge, Wilts, 103, 135.
|
107|Thorncomb Bottom, Dorset, 107.
|
9|Thornton Heath, Surrey, 53.
|
94|Thorny Down, Dorset, 106.
|
|Thoulston, Wilts, 205.
|
160|Three Bridges, Somerset, 194.
|
151|Thurloxton, Somerset, 193. A parish containing 28 houses, and 136
|inhabitants.
|
69|Thuxton, Hants, 159.
|
211|Tilbestraw Hill, Surrey, 56.
|
42|Tilehurst, Berks, 178. A parish containing 254 houses, and 1353
|inhabitants.
|
42|Tilehurst Common, Berks, 178.
|
32|Tilgate Forest, Sussex, 49.
|
27|Timberham Bridge, Surrey, 48.
|
208|Tinhay Bridge, Devon, 152.
|
122|Tintinhull, Somerset, 167. A parish containing 41 houses, and 333
|inhabitants.
|
52|Tisted, East, Hants, 95. A parish containing 59 houses, and 226
|inhabitants.
|
54|Tisted, West, Common, Hants, 95.
|
|=Titchfield=, Hants, 222. A market town and parish, containing 551
|houses, and 2949 inhabitants. The parish is very extensive, and
|has a good roadstead for vessels in Titchfield Bay, near the mouth
|of Southampton water. The river Aire passes the town, over which
|it has a bridge. The market is on Saturday.
|
|Titchfield Common, Hants, 222.
|
142|Titherleigh, Dorset, 144.
|
28|Tittle Row, Berks, 176.
|
6|Tooting, Surrey, 45, 61. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1189
|inhabitants. The church is of a circular form, with a low spire.
|
5|Tooting, Upper, Surrey, 45.
|
218|Tor Point, Cornwall, 123.
|
229|Tor, St., Bellarmines, Cornwall, 154.
|
|Tortington Woods, Sussex, 217.
|
78|Totton, Hants, 91, 92.
|
260|Trebista, Cornwall, 128.
|
230|Trebrown, Cornwall, 124.
|
219|Tredoll, Cornwall, 153.
|
248|Trefeesa, Cornwall, 157.
|
222|Tregantle, Lower, Cornwall, 123.
|
269|Tregarick, Cornwall, 129.
|
241|Tregos, Cornwall, 156.
|
241|Tregos Moor, Cornwall, 156.
|
216|Treguddick, Cornwall, 153.
|
257|Treloweth, Cornwall, 127.
|
227|Trerule, Cornwall, 124.
|
227|Trerule Foot, Cornwall, 124.
|
214|Tresbury, Cornwall, 152.
|
214|Tresbury, Higher, Cornwall, 152.
|
214|Tresbury, Lower, Cornwall, 152.
|
231|Tresilgin, Cornwall, 124.
|
265|Tresillian, Cornwall, 129.
|
214|Tresmarrow, Cornwall, 152.
|
219|Tresmayne, Cornwall, 153.
|
252|Trespen, Cornwall, 158.
|
216|Trethorn, Cornwall, 153.
|
218|Trevithick, Cornwall, 153.
|
248|Trevorry, Cornwall, 126.
|
245|Trewheela, Cornwall, 157.
|
224|Trewin, Cornwall, 123.
|
220|Trewint, Cornwall, 153.
|
220|Trewint Marsh, Cornwall, 153.
|
221|Trewint Tor, Cornwall, 153.
|
252|Treworgan, Cornwall, 158.
|
54|Triphill, Sussex, 43.
|
142|Troublehay, Devon, 145.
|
117|Troy Town, Dorset, 109.
|
263|Truck, Cornwall, 128.
|
268|=Truro=, Cornwall, 129, 158. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 400 houses, and 2482 inhabitants. It is situated at the
|confluence of two rivers, which form a convenient harbour for
|small vessels. The streets are regularly built, and the church is
|a spacious Gothic structure. It was incorporated by King John, and
|its charter confirmed by Queen Elizabeth; it is also a stannary
|town, and returns two members to parliament. The market is on
|Wednesday.
|
251|Trutham, Cornwall, 158.
|
30|=Tunbridge=, Kent, 14, 18. A market town and parish, situated on
|the small river Tun, a branch of the Medway, containing 704
|houses, and 4371 inhabitants.
|
|Tunbridge is a very flourishing town, and once returned members to
|parliament. The church is a handsome modern structure. The ruins
|of its once magnificent castle are still to be seen, which was the
|scene of many events recorded in British history. Here is a famous
|grammar school, founded by Sir Andrew Judd, Lord Mayor of London
|in 1551; many of the masters of this seminary have been
|distinguished for their literary characters.
|
|The name of this town is supposed to be derived from _the Town of
|Bridges_, it having a stone bridge over each of the streams of the
|Medway. The market is on Friday, and on the first Tuesday in every
|month for cattle.
|
35|Tunbridge Wells, Kent, 14. A town and chapelry, containing 236
|houses, and 1618 inhabitants. This town may be divided into four
|divisions, viz. Mount Ephraim, Mount Pleasant, Mount Sion, and the
|Wells; the three former are the suburbs, and take their name from
|their situation. Mount Ephraim was once the most fashionable
|quarter, and had its assembly room, tavern, &c. but it is now
|chiefly occupied by lodging houses. The part called the Wells, is
|the centre of both business and amusement, having elegant assembly
|rooms, a new chapel, and the place of the public parades, called
|the Upper and Lower. These are two walks parallel to each other,
|the former being the principal one, is paved with Purbeck stone;
|from which the Lower Parade is divided by a range of palisadoes. A
|portico, supported by wooden Tuscan pillars, runs the length of
|the principal walk. Here is a neat little theatre.
|
|The principal trade of this town is in the manufacture and sale of
|toys, made of cherry-tree, sycamore, &c. and the Tunbridge
|turnery-ware finds a ready mart in most parts of the kingdom.
|
|The celebrated springs of Tunbridge were first discovered in 1606,
|by Dudley Lord North, who had retired into the neighbourhood in
|the last stage of a consumption; after three months use of these
|waters, his Lordship’s health was quite recovered, and he lived to
|be 80 years of age. The wells are now enclosed with a triangular
|stone wall, containing a well paved area, entered by a handsome
|gateway; over the springs are placed basons, with perforations at
|the bottom to discharge the overflowing: at the fountain head it
|is extremely clear and pellucid, having little smell, but the
|taste is strongly impregnated with iron: the season commences in
|March or April, and ends as late as November. In the neighbourhood
|are many pleasant walks and rides.
|
5|Turnham Green, Middlesex, 69.
|
206|Twelveacre, Devon, 151.
|
70|Twenties, Kent, 12.
|
109|Twerton, or Twiverton, Somerset, 201. This village contains 109
|houses, and 764 inhabitants.
|
142|Twisgate, Devon, 170.
|
34|Twyford, Wilts, 177.
|
14|Tythe Barn, Middlesex, 174.
|
|
|U.
|
42|Uckfield, Sussex, 58. A township containing 102 houses, and 811
|inhabitants.
|
170|Ufculm Down, Devon, 195.
|
85|Ugford, Wilts, 136.
|
144|Uppottery, Devon, 170. A parish containing 150 houses, and 795
|inhabitants.
|
62|Upstreet, Kent, 11.
|
20|Upton, Bucks, 175. A parish containing 165 houses, and 1018
|inhabitants.
|
|Upton Folley, Wilts, 207.
|
|Upton Lovell, Wilts, 207. A parish containing 37 houses, and 242
|inhabitants.
|
125|Upway Street, Dorset, 171.
|
117|Urgashay, Somerset, 166.
|
|
|V.
|
3|Vauxhall, Surrey, 23. A hamlet situated on the banks of the river
|Thames. It contains several extensive manufactories of pottery,
|stone, patent shot, and several distilleries. Here is also that
|celebrated place of amusement for the metropolis, during the
|summer season, known by the name of _Vauxhall Gardens_, originally
|opened under the name of _Spring Gardens_, in 1730, by Mr.
|Jonathan Tyers. The season commences on the 4th of June, and
|closes the latter end of August; it is open three times a week.
|
|The grounds are very handsomely decorated with paintings,
|originally from the humorous pencil of Hogarth; all the walks and
|avenues are brilliantly lighted with variegated lamps and
|transparencies. In the centre of the gardens is erected an
|orchestra, where the concert commences at eight o’clock, assisted
|by the most eminent performers, both vocal and instrumental, and
|finishes about twelve o’clock with a display of fire works.
|
|In the neighbourhood of Vauxhall are many handsome residences.
|
79|Vespasian’s Camp, Wilts, 161. This ancient fortification occupies
|the summit of an eminence, bounded by the river Avon; it is
|surrounded by a single ditch and vallum, inclosing an area of
|thirty-nine acres. Its origin is supposed to be British, though it
|bears the name of a Roman Emperor, whose troops might probably
|have occupied it, to whom additions and alterations, evidently
|made, may be attributed; and there are also many traces remaining
|which denote its subsequent occupation by the Danes and Saxons.
|The area of this entrenchment is covered with plantations,
|disposed in avenues, walks, &c.
|
52|Vine Hall, Sussex, 21.
|
|
|W.
|
|Waddon, Wilts, 209.
|
|Walberton, Sussex, 217. A parish containing 72 houses, and 502
|inhabitants.
|
61|Walcot, Great, Berks, 181.
|
61|Walcot, Little, Berks, 181.
|
133|Walditch, Dorset, 111. A village containing 19 houses, and 134
|inhabitants.
|
152|Walford Bridge, Somerset, 193.
|
|Wallington, Hants, 222.
|
71|Wallop, Hants, 102.
|
66|Waltham Chase, Hants, 97.
|
56|Waltham, Upper, Sussex, 39.
|
134|Walton, Somerset, 191. A parish containing 70 houses, and 397
|inhabitants.
|
|Walton Heath, Hants, 213.
|
17|Walton Heath, Surrey, 47.
|
140|Wambrook, Higher, Dorset, 145. A parish containing 22 houses, and
|138 inhabitants.
|
6|Wandsworth, Surrey, 23. A parish situated near the confluence of
|the Wandle with the Thames, containing 720 houses, and 4446
|inhabitants. The church is a modern edifice, but the tower is of
|ancient structure.
|
|Garret Lane, between this village and Tooting, was the scene of
|the mock election of the Mayor of Garret, held for a number of
|years at every general election among the mobility, to the great
|emolument of the publicans of Wandsworth.
|
84|Wans Dyke, Wilts, 198. A ditch crossing the country from east to
|west over Salisbury Plain for many miles together. It is by some
|supposed to have been thrown up by the Saxons, as a boundary
|between them and the Mercians; but Stukeley is of opinion that it
|was extant before the time of the Romans. The name is British,
|signifying the _Division Dyke_, thence it is inferred that it was
|one of the boundaries of the Belgic kingdom.
|
|Warblington, Hants, 214. A parish containing 282 houses, and 1433
|inhabitants.
|
|=Warminster=, Wilts, 206. A market town and parish, situated on
|the small river Wyley, which falls into the Avon at Salisbury,
|containing 1073 houses, and 4866 inhabitants. The principal trade
|is that of malting, and a small woollen manufacture. The parish
|church, situated at the west end of the town, is a spacious and
|handsome building, with a square tower, containing six bells. It
|has also a neat chapel of ease, erected for the convenience of the
|parishioners, near the centre of the town: there is a good market
|house and assembly room, and a free grammar school for twenty
|boys.
|
|The houses are mostly built of rough stone, and the market on
|Saturday is well supplied with corn.
|
60|Warnford, Hants, 96.
|
34|Warnham, Sussex, 64. A parish containing 103 houses, and 680
|inhabitants.
|
54|Wartlington, Sussex, 21.
|
48|Washington Common, Sussex, 66.
|
122|Watercomb Gate, Somerset, 141.
|
127|Watergore, Somerset, 168.
|
27|Watts Cross, Kent, 18.
|
131|Wearyall Hill, Somerset, 190.
|
178|Welland, Devon, 147.
|
10|Welling, Kent, 2.
|
163|=Wellington=, Somerset, 194. A market town and parish, situated on
|the river Tone, containing 745 houses, and 4032 inhabitants.
|
|This town gives title of Duke to the illustrious hero of Waterloo:
|it is well built, consisting of four streets, the principal one
|being half a mile in length. The church is a noble structure,
|having a lofty tower, containing eight bells. Market on Thursday.
|
125|WELLS, Somerset, 189. This city is pleasantly situated on the
|borders of the Mendip Hills, on the small river Wesitire,
|containing 930 houses, and 5156 inhabitants. It is well built, the
|houses neat, many of them elegant, and the streets well paved and
|clean.
|
|The cathedral, the greater part of which, as it now stands, was
|erected in 1239, by Bishop Joseline de Wells, is a spacious gothic
|structure, in the form of a cross, being 380 feet long, and 130
|wide. The entire west front is a pile of statues of most excellent
|carved stone-work, and one of the principal windows contains some
|beautiful paintings on glass; the cloisters adjoining are spacious
|and elegant, and the chapter-house, in the form of a rotunda, is
|supported by one pillar in the centre.
|
|The episcopal palace is reckoned the handsomest in the kingdom,
|though small.
|
|The parish church of St. Cuthbert has a lofty square tower,
|containing six bells; that of the cathedral has eight. The
|town-hall is situated over Bishop Bubwith’s Hospital, which is
|endowed for thirty poor men and women, besides which there are
|several other charities.
|
|On the east side of the city is a spacious open market place. It
|was first incorporated in the reign of Richard the First, and
|created into a free borough by a confirmed charter of King John;
|but in the reign of Queen Elizabeth the present corporation was
|formed, consisting of a mayor, recorder, seven masters, and
|sixteen common-councilmen. It returns two members to parliament.
|
|The chief manufactures are knitting of hose and bone lace. Market
|on Wednesday and Saturday.
|
|In that part called _East Wells_, which is without the city
|liberty, the annual races are held.
|
62|Westergate, Sussex, 42.
|
|Westerton, Sussex, 216.
|
157|Weston, Devon, 114.
|
114|Weston, Little, Somerset, 166.
|
|Weston and Netley Heath, Hants, 221.
|
|Weston Pond, Hants, 221.
|
96|Westrop, Wilts, 186.
|
179|Wey, Devon, 147.
|
144|Weycroft, Devon, 144.
|
67|Weyhill, Hants, 159. A small village, consisting only of a few
|straggling houses on a rising ground, but noted for its fair,
|which commences on the 9th of October, for all kinds of cattle,
|cheese, hops, and pedlary, and reckoned the largest in England,
|lasting fourteen days.
|
128|=Weymouth=, Dorset, 171. A sea port, borough, and market town,
|containing 1019 houses, and 4732 inhabitants. It is a place of
|considerable antiquity, but was small, and indifferently built,
|till within these last twenty or thirty years, when, from its
|fashionable resort as a bathing place, it became greatly enlarged,
|and has now many elegant buildings. The church is a low building,
|and consists of three aisles; the altar-piece is universally
|admired.
|
|Weymouth formerly carried on a considerable trade, and was the
|principal port of the county, but it is now rivalled by Pool;
|being sheltered by the surrounding hills, possessing a pure air, a
|fine beach of sand, and a calm bay, formed by a semicircle of more
|than two miles, it is well adapted as a bathing place: near the
|centre of the town is a commodious hot salt-water bath; there are
|likewise private cold baths. The theatre is neatly fitted up, and
|has a good company. The assembly room is very spacious and lofty,
|and the interior handsomely decorated. Here are also well
|furnished libraries, commodious lodging-houses, and every thing
|necessary for the pleasure and convenience of its numerous
|visitors.
|
|The port is defended by two castles, Sandford, and Portland. The
|fashionable promenade is on _The Esplanade_, which is about half a
|mile long, and 30 feet broad. _The Look-out_, on the Weymouth side
|of the river, is another pleasant and much frequented walk,
|commanding a beautiful prospect of the bay and Portland isles;
|near it is the Camera Obscura, and in the vicinity is a battery of
|heavy cannon, and some cavalry barracks.
|
|Two packets are stationed here for the islands of Guernsey and
|Jersey. It sends two members to parliament; and has a market on
|Tuesday and Friday.
|
36|Wheeler Street, Surrey, 37.
|
187|Whiddon End, Devon, 149.
|
188|Whiddon Down, Devon, 149.
|
57|=Whitchurch=, Hants, 100. A borough, market town, and parish,
|containing 220 houses, and 1275 inhabitants.
|
|The town is an ancient borough by prescription, but not
|incorporated. It sends two members to parliament.
|
|Whitchurch is noted for a trout stream, much frequented by
|anglers. Market on Friday.
|
108|Whitchurch Down, Dorset, 108.
|
128|White Cross, Somerset, 168.
|
136|White Down, Somerset, 143.
|
84|White Horse, The, Wilts, 184. (_For description see Oldbury Camp_)
|
131|Whitelackington, Somerset, 168.
|
39|Whiteman’s Green, Sussex, 50.
|
|Whitenap, Hants, 211.
|
|White Parish, Wilts, 210. A parish containing 189 houses, and 877
|inhabitants.
|
96|Whitesand Cross, Wilts, 138.
|
100|White Sheet Castle, Wilts, 172. This encampment derives its name
|from the hill on which it is placed; it is strongly fortified by
|nature on three sides, and on the fourth it is defended by three
|ditches and valla, terminating in one, on the sides most difficult
|of access. The area within the innermost vallum measures fifteen
|acres, and the circumference of the outward ditch is 1032 yards.
|
|Sir Richard Colt Hoare is of opinion that this encampment was
|originally a British work, with a single ditch; and supposes that
|the other two were added at a subsequent period, and probably by
|the Saxons.
|
96|White Sheet Hill, Wilts, 138.
|
135|Whiteway Common, Somerset, 169.
|
98|Whitley, Wilts, 200.
|
97|Whitley Common, Wilts, 200.
|
143|Wibble Green, Devon, 145.
|
117|Wick, Somerset, 203.
|
|Wicker, Hard, Hants, 222.
|
69|Wickham, Hants, 97, 213. A parish which appears to have been
|formerly much more considerable, and is remarkable as being the
|birth-place of the famous William of Wickham, in the reign of
|Edward the Second.
|
|Wickham Corner, Hants, 213.
|
|Wildern, Hants, 212.
|
221|Wildmoor, Cornwall, 153.
|
88|Wiley, Wilts, 162, 207.
|
89|Wiley Down, Wilts, 162.
|
174|Willand, Devon, 195. A parish containing 50 houses, and 255
|inhabitants.
|
173|Willand Moor, Devon, 195.
|
|Willoughby’s Barn, Wilts, 206.
|
97|Willoughby Hedge, Wilts, 163.
|
152|Wilmington, Devon, 114.
|
228|Wilton, Cornwall, 124.
|
84|=Wilton=, Wilts, 136, 208. A borough, market town, and parish,
|situated on the river Wyley, containing 344 houses, and 2144
|inhabitants. Its manufactures are principally carpets and
|clothing. It is the county town, and sends two members to
|parliament. The market is on Wednesday.
|
9|Wimbledon Common, Surrey, 24. This Common is surrounded by many
|handsome residences: and here is a well, the water of which is
|never known to freeze.
|
101|=Wimborne Minster=, Dorset, 89. A market town and parish,
|containing 704 houses, and 3518 inhabitants. It is situated
|between the rivers Stour and Allen, and has a bridge over each.
|Its name is derived from its ancient minster or abbey, which is a
|venerable Norman Gothic structure, having a fine tower in the
|middle, and another at the west end. The middle tower had formerly
|a spire, which is recorded to have been as high as that of
|Salisbury. King Ethelred, who was slain in battle by the Danes, is
|said to have been buried here. The market is on Friday.
|
|Wimmering, Hants, 214, 223.
|
107|=Wincaunton=, Somerset, 165. A market town and parish, containing
|380 houses, and 1850 inhabitants. Its chief manufactures are
|ticking and dowlas. The church has a neat square tower, containing
|six bells. The market is on Wednesday.
|
62|WINCHESTER, Hants, 77, 84, 85. This city is situated on the banks
|of the river Itchen, containing 1134 houses, and 6705 inhabitants.
|Most of the buildings have an appearance of antiquity, and the
|streets are broad, and remarkably clean. It is about half a mile
|long, a mile and a half in compass, and contains eight churches.
|
|The present cathedral was began in the 11th century, by Bishop
|Walkelyn, but was in part rebuilt by Bishop Wickham, in 1394. The
|length of this magnificent fabric is 545 feet, including the
|chapel of our lady, 54 feet, and the choir 136. The height of the
|tower is 138 feet; but it appears, from the abrupt manner of its
|termination, never to have been finished. The altar-screen is
|thought by many even superior to that of St. Alban’s. The entrance
|into the choir is by a noble flight of steps, the breadth of the
|middle aisle. On each side of the great arch of the entrance are
|recesses, wherein are placed the statues of King James and Charles
|the First, cast in copper.
|
|The cross, from north to south, is divided from the choir by
|wooden partitions, carried up to a vast height. The stalls in the
|choir are of fine Gothic workmanship, but the Bishop’s throne is
|inferior to the rest. The stone screen, where the high altar is
|placed, is a neat and delicate piece of Gothic work.
|
|At the west end of the church is a painted window, representing
|the history of the Old Testament, but much defaced. At the east
|end is also a window with paintings. For many years this church
|was the place for the coronation of our kings.
|
|The east end of the church is terminated by three chapels; that on
|the south is called Bishop Langton’s Chapel, of curious carved
|work, containing several elegant tombs. In the Chapel of our Lady,
|King Philip and Queen Mary were married.
|
|The new college of this city was founded by William of Wickham.
|The building consists of two large courts, the first containing
|suits of apartments for the warden, ten fellows, seventy scholars,
|three chaplains, six choristers, masters, &c. In the centre is an
|elegant chapel. In the second court are the schools, and a long
|cloister and enclosures for the diversion of the scholars. In the
|middle of the cloisters is the library, a strong stone building.
|Over the door of the school is a statue of the founder. Contiguous
|to the college, on the west, is a spacious quadrangular building,
|forming a detached school for commoners, or gentlemen not on the
|foundation, under the immediate care of the head master.
|
|The mother church of Winchester is _St. Lawrence_; it consists of
|one large aisle, with a lofty square tower, containing five bells.
|_St. Thomas’s_ is an ancient structure, consisting of two aisles,
|divided by round pillars of the Gothic order; the tower is a low
|ordinary building. _St. Maurice’s_ was originally a priory, and
|consists of two aisles, one of which is very spacious; the tower
|is strong. _St. Michael’s_ is a low and ancient building, tiled,
|having two good aisles, and a tower containing five bells. _St.
|Swithen’s_ is erected over a postern, called King’s Gate, and
|consists of a large neat room, ascended to by a stone stair-case.
|_St. Peter’s Cheesehill_, consists of two ailes, of different
|sizes, both neat, but plain; it has a tower containing three
|bells. _St. John’s-at-Hill_ is divided into three ailes by round
|Gothic pillars; the tower is remarkably strong, finished with a
|turret, containing a clock. _St. Martin’s Winnall_ was rebuilt in
|1736, and consists of one aisle, having a small tower at the west
|end, containing one bell.
|
|In this city are a number of a charitable institutions, among
|which is the public infirmary, a handsome edifice.
|
|The town hall is a good building, supported by doric pillars, and
|ornamented with a statue of Queen Anne.
|
|In 1788 a new spacious county gaol was erected on the Howardian
|plan, in the court of which is a neat chapel; there is also a
|Bridewell for the city, and another for the county. The theatre is
|a handsome structure, built in 1785. There is an annual
|well-attended music meeting held here in September, continuing for
|three days, which closes with a ball. Winchester has also its
|winter assembly, concerts, balls, and every other fashionable
|amusement.
|
|The streets are well paved and lighted; and here are two
|banking-houses. The ancient castle, which is supposed to have been
|built by King Arthur, was mostly demolished by the parliament
|forces during the civil wars, except the old hall, in which the
|assizes are held; in this also hangs what is denominated Arthur’s
|Round Table, with the names of the knights thereon. In this castle
|William the Second was crowned, and on its site a royal palace was
|began in 1683, the principal floor of which is a noble range of
|apartments, and contains in all 160 chambers, which has often been
|occupied by prisoners of war, on their parole.
|
|This city sends two members to parliament. The markets are held on
|Wednesday and Saturday, and are well supplied with all kinds of
|provision, poultry, fish, &c.
|
122|Windham’s Sock, Somerset, 167.
|
120|Windmill Hill, Somerset, 141.
|
22|=Windsor=, Berks, 175. A borough and market town, delightfully
|situated on the banks of the Thames, containing 1051 houses, and
|6155 inhabitants. It has belonged to the crown ever since the
|conquest, and has of late been much improved, containing several
|good streets, which are well paved and lighted.
|
|The parish church is a spacious building, situated in the High
|Street, in which also stands the Guildhall, or Town-house, a neat
|structure, erected in 1686, supported by columns and arches of
|Portland stone. On the north side is a statue of Queen Anne, and
|on the south side that of Prince George of Denmark: the inside is
|adorned with the portraits of many royal person ages.
|
|Windsor contains many handsome buildings, but its chief pride is
|the Castle, which for more than seven hundred years has been the
|favourite country residence of the British kings. (_see Index of
|Seats_)
|
|_The chapel of St. George_ was originally a chapel dedicated to
|Edward the Confessor. It was rebuilt by Edward the Third, and
|established as a collegiate church, but owes its present form to
|Edward the Fourth, and its completion to Henry the Seventh. Here
|lie interred under the choir, the bodies of Henry the Eighth and
|Jane Seymour, Charles the First, and a daughter of Queen Anne.
|Adjoining the east end is a neat building, erected by Henry the
|Seventh, a burial place for himself and successors: a most
|sumptuous monument was erected here by Cardinal Wolsey; but he
|dying at Leicester, was there privately buried.
|
|This chapel, after having been long neglected, was repaired by his
|present Majesty, in 1790, when it was adorned with rich carvings
|in wood, and received a new altar-piece, organ, and gallery. The
|ceremonies of the installation of the Knights of the Garter are
|performed in this chapel with great state and solemnity.
|
|Windsor was made a free borough by Edward the First, and sent
|members to parliament in the thirteenth year of the same reign,
|which it has continued, except an intermission from the 14th of
|Edward the Third, until the 25th of Henry the Sixth.
|
|Here is a neat theatre, and extensive barracks for horse and foot
|soldiers. The market is held on Saturday, in the area beneath the
|town hall, and is well supplied with all kinds of provision, fish,
|&c.
|
134|Windwhistle, Somerset, 143.
|
|Wine Cross, Hants, 213.
|
125|Winterborne Abbas, Dorset, 110. A parish containing 26 houses, and
|156 inhabitants.
|
126|Winterborne Common, Dorset, 110.
|
83|Winterborn Stoke, Wilts, 161. A parish containing 48 houses, and
|256 inhabitants.
|
77|Winterbourn Down, Wilts, 103, 135.
|
75|Winterbourn Gunner Down, Wilts, 103, 135.
|
110|Winterborne Whitchurch, Dorset, 108. A parish containing 89
|houses, and 430 inhabitants.
|
74|Winterslow Hutt, Wilts, 103, 135.
|
|Wishford, Wilts, 208. A parish containing 80 houses, and 346
|inhabitants.
|
|Wishford, Little, Wilts, 208.
|
19|Wistley Common, Surrey, 25.
|
51|Withdean, Sussex, 51.
|
37|Witley, Surrey, 37. A parish containing 163 houses, and 1039
|inhabitants. A spring in this parish, at Bonfield, is reckoned
|efficacious for sore eyes. This place retains its ancient
|privilege from serving on juries. From _Hindhead_ and _Gracewood
|Hills_, are charming prospects of the surrounding country.
|
36|Witley Common, Surrey, 27, 33.
|
170|Wonford, East, Devon, 116.
|
27|Woodcock Bridge, Surrey, 56.
|
22|Wood Hatch, Surrey, 48.
|
204|Woodland, Devon, 121.
|
35|Wood’s Gate, Kent, 19.
|
92|Woodyates Inn, Dorset, 105.
|
8|Wood, West, Kent, 2.
|
29|Wooley Green, Berks, 176.
|
123|Woolham Mill, Somerset, 167.
|
49|Woolhampton, Berks, 179. A parish containing 43 houses, and 322
|inhabitants.
|
39|Woolson Bridge, Hants, 74.
|
63|Woolwich Wood, Kent, 9.
|
|Woolverton, Somerset, 205. A parish containing 28 houses, and 169
|inhabitants.
|
93|Workly Down, Dorset, 105.
|
56|Worthing, Sussex, 67, 218. This place, which a short time ago
|consisted only of a few miserable huts, has now many handsome
|buildings, several of them sufficiently extensive and elegant to
|accommodate the first families in the kingdom.
|
|The modern buildings are on the coast, but the village extends
|towards the Downs, in a straight line, for about half a mile. Here
|are two respectable libraries, and commodious warm baths.
|
|Worthing is much resorted to during the bathing season, by those
|who prefer quiet to the noise and bustle of Brighton; and there is
|a facility of bathing here in the most stormy weather, with a
|level extent of sand for a length of ten miles. Being surrounded
|at the distance of about a mile by the chain of Sussex Downs, even
|in the winter months, the chilling blasts of the northern and
|eastern winds are entirely excluded. A fishery is carried on here
|in the spring for mackarel, and in the autumn for herrings.
|
48|Worting, Hants, 99. A parish containing 15 houses, and 120
|inhabitants.
|
21|Wray Common, Surrey, 54.
|
201|Wrangerton, Devon, 120.
|
35|Wych Cross, Sussex, 57.
|
|
|Y.
|
141|Yarcombe, Devon, 169. A parish containing 110 houses, and 740
|inhabitants.
|
85|Yarnbury Castle, Wilts, 162. This ancient fortification, like most
|others of a similar nature, occupies an elevated spot. Its
|original construction is supposed to be British, though it was
|afterwards occupied by the Romans and Saxons. At present it
|consists of a double ditch and vallum, inclosing an area of
|twenty-eight acres and a half. There are six entrances, but
|several of these do not appear to have belonged to the original
|work. The principal one towards the east is defended by a strong
|and detached out-work, and there is also on the west side another
|defended by an out-work of an irregular form. The inner rampart is
|very strong, fifty-two feet high, and is of a more regular
|construction than the outer vallum. The circumference of the
|exterior ditch is nearly a mile. Many vestages of British and
|Roman antiquities have here been discovered.
|
148|Yarty Bridge, Devon, 113.
|
31|Yately Heath, Hants, 73.
|
83|Yatesbury, Wilts, 184. A parish containing 51 houses, and 234
|inhabitants.
|
117|Yellowham Hill, Dorset, 109.
|
126|Yeobridge, Somerset, 168.
|
120|=Yeovil=, Somerset, 141. A market town and parish near the river
|Yeo, or Ivil, containing 747 houses, and 2774 inhabitants. Many of
|the streets are wide, and the houses well built of stone and
|brick. The church is a fine old Gothic structure, with a high
|tower, containing six bells. This town was formerly noted for its
|manufacture of woollen cloth; but its principal mart now is that
|of leather gloves. The town is well supplied with water, and the
|market, which is held on Friday, is very considerable for lean
|cattle, and all kinds of provision.
|
119|Yeovil Bridge, Somerset, 141.
|
|
|Z.
|
102|Zeal’s Green, Wilts, 164.
|
102|Zeal’s Row, Wilts, 164.
|
190|Zeal, South, Devon, 149.