Chapter XVIII: Progress and Prosperity--Oscar II (2)

Charles’s Chronicle, 114.

Charles Frederic of Holstein-Gottorp, 295, 301, 310, 311.

Charles Peter Ulric of Holstein-Gottorp, 316.

Chauvinism, 261, 264, 321, 346, 433.

Chemistry, 333, 346, 380, 423, 425.

Chemnitz, battle of, 224.

Chicago, 421, 429.

China, 289.

Chodkiewitz, 187.

Christerson, J. C. E., 435.

Christian (kings of Denmark): I. 111-113, 116;
II. 122, 124-129, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 140, 148, 151, 158;
III. 149, 164;
IV. 190, 196-198, 204, 226-227;
V. 254, 255;
VIII. 371-373;
IX. 403-404.

Christian August (Charles A.), Prince, 365-367.

Christian Frederic, Prince. See Christian VIII.

Christiania, 307, 372, 419.

Christianity, 31, 42;
influence of, 52;
introduction of, 53-55, 58;
opposition to, 58-61.

Christianopel, 190.

Christine (queens of Sweden), 189, 194, 204;
196, 204, 220-241, 242, 262, 302, 314.

Christine of Denmark, 120.

Christine of Hesse, 162, 164-165.

Christinehamn, 188.

Christopher, kings of Denmark, 81, and of Sweden, 110, 111, 112.

Christopher’s, King, Land Law. See Sweden, State Law.

Chronica regni gothorum, 117.

Chronicles, prose, 114, 131;
rhymed, 80, 114.

Church, 76, 77, 78, 85, 87, 88, 89, 111, 115, 117, 125, 140, 141, 142,
144, 146, 149, 152, 174-176, 183, 188, 200, 201, 260, 266, 396,
432, 437;
law, 93, 146, 175.
See also Clergy, Bishops.

Cimbrian Peninsula, 26, 27.
See also Jutland.

Cincinnatus, Order of, 367.

Cistercians, 71.

Civil service, 433.

Clary. See Queen Desideria.

Clason, I. G., 431.

Clergy, 93, 104, 108, 117, 139, 143, 145-146, 156, 158, 183, 185, 186,
200, 239, 251, 334, 340, 341, 396, 397, 398-399.

Codania, Codanian Bay, 25.

Codex Argenteus, 235-238, 266;
Bildstenianus, 9;
Bureanus, 9.

Coffee prohibited, 355.

Coins, 60, 62;
of need, 301-302.

Collard, Claude, 167.

Colleges, 201, 232.

Collegia, 118, 230 note.

Cologne, 117, 236.

Colonies, Commerce, Communities, Constitution. See Sweden.

Constantine Porphyrogenitus, 48.

Constantinople, 295.

Continent. See Europe.

Copenhagen, 129, 131, 227, 274, 385, 403;
siege of, 247-248;
peace treaty of, 250.

Corvey, 53, 54.

Cossacks, 283, 285.

Council, Councillors, State (or royal), 87, 92, 106, 107, 108, 115,
116, 120, 122, 128, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 196, 199, 200, 230,
251, 257, 258, 271, 272, 289, 290, 292-293, 298, 300, 301, 310,
313, 314, 318, 320, 338, 339, 344-345, 350, 435.

Council, Town, 116, 126, 128, 165.

Councillor of Commerce, 337.

Counties, counts, 162, 200, 238, 251, 257.

Courland, 52, 202, 244, 282.

Cracow, 244, 278.

Creutz, G. P., 339, 345.

Croats, 208.

Croi, Duke de, 275.

Cronhamn, J. P., 413.

Cronstedt, Charles, 295;
Olof, 359-360.

Crown prince, 316, 317, 319, 320, 371, 392, 406, 415, 437.

Crown lands, 238, 255, 257;
restitution of, 96, 102, 111, 233, 238, 243, 256-258, 271.

Crusades, 70, 73, 77, 78, 94, 185.

Crusell, B. F., 89, 413.

Crusenstolpe, M. J., 377, 389.

Cuno, John C., 326.

Czar (see Russia), Czarina, 289.

Czarniecki, Stefan, 244.

D

Dacke “Feud,” 150-151.

Dacke, Nils, 150-151.

Dag, 36.

Dahlberg, Eric, 245-246, 247, 259, 265-266, 277.

Dahlgren, Frederic Aug., 389.

Dahlquist, C. G., 390.

Dal, province of, 5, 107, 308;
River, 5, 138.

Dalecarlia, Dalecarlians, 5, 16, 105, 106, 107, 108, 116, 119, 121,
131, 133-139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 155, 185, 317, 349.

Dalin, O. von, 321, 337-339, 343.

Dædalus Hyperboreus, 322.

“Daljunker,” 147.

Dalman, V. F., 394.

Danckwardt, Henric, 311.

Danes, Danish. See Denmark.

Danielsson, A., 377.

Dannebrog, 116.

Dantzic, 112, 203.

Danube, 22, 28, 224, 228.

David, St., 58.

Dearth, 118, 176, 261.

Decamerone, 163, 413.

De Geer. See Geer.

De la Gardie. See Gardie.

Delaware River, 232.

Democracy, Democratic, 64, 65, 66, 114, 115, 117, 120, 121, 199, 200,
260, 352, 364.

Demotika, 297, 299.

Denmark, 6, 10, 12, 13, 21, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53,
54, 56-57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 70, 72, 76, 77, 81, 83, 89, 90, 91, 95,
100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 111, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125,
126-127, 128, 131, 133, 135, 136, 148, 149, 164, 166, 167, 168,
174, 195-198, 203, 226-228, 244, 245-248, 250, 253-255, 259,
273-274, 290, 295-296, 299, 307, 311, 312, 316, 343, 345, 348-349,
355, 357, 363, 366, 367, 368, 371-373, 385-386, 388, 392, 401, 405,
406, 415, 426, 430.

Dennewitz, battle of, 370.

Descartes, René, 240-241, 347.

Desideria, Queen, 382.

Diderot, 347, 429.

Diet, 374, 379, 392, 402.
See also Riksdag and Norwegian Storthing.

Dietriechson, Lorenz, 405.

Dilettantism, 412, 426.

Dimitri, 173, 187;
false Dimitris, 187-188.

Diplomacy, 252, 259, 313, 315, 367, 402, 434.

Dir, 49.

Dirschau, 202.

Ditmarschen, 120.

Dniepr River, 284, 286, 287;
cataracts of the, 48.

Dœbeln, G. C. von, 358, 360.

Dœmitz, battle of, 233.

Dolmens, 13.

Domalde, 35.

Domar, 36.

Dorpat, 200, 281, 282;
University of (see Universities).

Dortrecht, 237.

Douglas, L. V. A., 435.

Drama, 345, 346, 388, 389, 390, 412, 413, 426-427, 431-432.

Dramatic singers, 390, 413, 431.

Drontheim, diocese or district of, 58, 112, 247, 248, 250, 308, 311,
371.

Drotsete, Drotset (Riks-), 87, 91, 96, 102, 108, 189, 199, 240, 250.

Drottningholm, castle of, 303, 362.

Duchies, 82, 158, 161, 185-186.

Duenamuende, 292.

Dufnæs, battle of, 131.

D’Uncker, C. H. L., 412.

Dusseldorf School, 429.

Dutch, Dutchman. See Holland.

Dvina, crossing of the, 277.

Dygve, 36.

E

Eadgils. See Audils.

East Gothland. See Gothland.

Ebo, 54.

Ecclesiastics. See Clergy.

Edda, Eddic songs, 61, 66, 157, 233, 270, 346;
Snorre’s, 34, 342.

Edlund, Eric, 423.

Edsœre laws, 82, 86.

Education, 117, 201, 232, 260, 379.

Eger, 211.

Egil, 37.

Egino, 68.

Ehrenstrahl, D. K., 303;
School of Painters, 303, 428.

Ehrensverd, Augustinus, 317, 350, 359;
Ch. A., 347, 350-351, 355.

Eider, River, 402.

Eidsvold, meeting held at, 371.

Eka, Cecilia of, 129, 130.

Ekeberg, 156.

Elbing, 203.

Elective kingdom. See Kingdom.

Electricity, 324.

Elfsborg, 152, 166, 174, 188, 196, 197, 198;
New, 311.

Elfsson, Swan, 135-136.

Elgaros, battle of, 76.

Elisabeth of Russia, 316.

Elizabeth of England, 98, 162.

Elmblad, Johannes, 431.

Elsass, 221.

Elsinore, 93, 247, 368.

Emigration, 290, 319, 432-433.

Emund, 63, 67, 68.

Engelbrekt, Engelbrektsson, 105-109, 110, 115, 121, 137, 146;
song about, 114.

England, English, 22, 40, 52, 58, 82, 98, 187, 189, 237, 245, 252, 259,
283, 299, 305, 306-307, 315, 322, 334, 349, 355, 356, 357, 363,
369, 370, 371, 374, 379, 388.

Eric (Danish kings): Ejegod, 69;
Glipping, 83, 84;
Menved, 89, 91;
of Pomerania (see Swedish King Eric XIII.).

Eric, Norwegian Jarl, 57.

Eric (Swedish kings): 36; 36-37; 54;
Edmundsson, 52, 55;
Biœrnson Segersæl, 55-57; 68;
Arsæl, 69, 71;
IX. (St. Eric), 73-74, 75, 78, 80, 127, 130;
X. 67, 77;
XI. 77-79, 80;
XII. 94-95, 96;
XIII. 101-110;
XIV. 155, 157, 158, 161-173, 177, 264, 334.

Eric (Swedish princes): Birgersson, 83;
Magnusson, 87, 89-92;
Valdemarsson, 83, 84.

Eric’s Chronicle, 80, 85, 89, 114.

Ericson, J. E., 430.

Ericsson, Joesse, 106, 137;
John, 387, 424, 425;
Nils, 387;
Christian, 430.

Eriksgata, 71, 93, 138.

Erimbert, 55.

Eskil, St., 58.

Eskil’s apartments, 170.

Essen, H. H. von, 372.

Estates, 108, 158, 159, 184, 200, 204-205, 238, 240, 249, 256, 271,
278, 293, 310, 314, 318, 338, 349, 350, 355, 383, 394, 398-399,
400.

Esthonia, Esthonians, 39, 52, 75, 77, 98, 162, 174, 198, 201, 282,
307-312.

Ethnography, 265.

Ettak, battle of, 84.

Eugene, Prince of Sweden, 429, 430.

Eugenie, Princess, 411.

Euphemia, Princess, 95.

Europe, 6, 12, 16, 17, 28, 44, 82, 93, 189, 204, 229, 235, 242, 245,
254, 255, 259, 264, 272, 278, 285, 303, 324, 334, 335, 336, 363,
369, 374, 376, 381, 401, 414, 424, 429.

Expositions, Scandinavian, 405, 436;
World’s, 413, 421, 429.

Eyfórr, 48.

Eystein, 38.

F

Fahlbeck, P., 424.

Falkœping, battle of, 97.

Fallstedt, I., 430.

Falster, 247.

Falun, 138, 152.

“Father, The,” 427.

Father of Swedish Industry, 334.

Fehrbellin, battle of, 252, 253.

Femern, naval battles of, 227.

Ferdinand (emperors): II. 193, 202;
III. 221, 228.

Fero Islands, 371.

Fersen, Axel von, the Elder, 324;
the Younger, 351, 366-367.

Feudalism, 82.

Feud of the Counts, 149.

Fiedrundaland, 39.

Fiefs, 96, 103, 151, 162, 244.

Finance. See Sweden.

Fine Arts, Philosophy of, 347.

Finland, Finns, Finnish, 10, 15, 26, 35, 36, 48, 55, 71, 73, 75, 78,
81, 88, 89, 93, 111, 113, 118, 119, 122, 152, 163, 171, 172, 184,
185, 186, 187, 188, 193, 199, 200, 220, 231, 232, 238, 283, 292,
307, 312, 313, 316, 317, 348, 357-364, 367, 412-413, 436, 437;
language, 8, 341.

Finnmark, 378.

Finn woods, 136.

Fiolner, 35.

Fleming, Clas Ericsson, 184;
Clas Larsson, 227;
Herman, 243, 250.

Flemish art, 173.

Flensburg, 104.

Flower king of the North, 332.

Fogelberg, B. E., 412, 430.

Fogel Grip, 232.

Fogelwick, 113.

Folk lore, 265, 381.

Folksriksdag, 433.

Folkungs, 76, 78, 79, 81, 97, 130.

Folkung dynasty, 80-99.

Forsberg, Nils, 429.

France, French, 22, 45, 52, 68, 72, 152, 187, 189, 206, 221, 222, 229,
233, 245, 252, 255, 270, 271, 315, 318, 322, 331, 339, 343, 344,
345, 351, 352, 355, 356, 357, 368, 371, 372, 382, 388, 414, 422,
428, 429.

Franciscan, convent, 87;
Church (see Riddarholm’s Church).

Francke, A. H., 289.

Franconia, 221.

Franco-Prussian War, 409.

Frankfurt, 209.

Franks, Frankish, 29, 210, 236, 341.

Frantz, Albrecht, 216.

Franz Joseph’s Land, 424.

Franzén, F. M., 381.

Frederic I. of Sweden, 312-317, 318, 335.

Frederic (kings of Denmark): I. 148;
II. 164, 166;
III. 246, 247;
IV. 273-274, 290, 295, 299;
V. 316, 317;
VI. 367;
VII. 402, 403.

Frederic of Augustenborg, 367.

Frederic, crown prince of Denmark, 406.

Frederic of Holstein, 272-274.

Frederic of the Palatinate, 202, 210.

Frederic (kings of Prussia): I. 296;
II. (the Great), 318, 319, 343.

Frederic William, the Grand Elector. See Brandenburg.

Frederica, Queen, 356.

Fredericia, fortress of, 245, 248.

Fredericshall, 308, 322.

Fredericshamn, 316;
peace treaty at, 363.

Fredericstad, 372.

Fredericsten, 308.

Fredkulla. See Margaret.

Fredman, 390.

Free trade, 387, 407-408.

Freinshemius, John, 240.

Frey, 32, 34.

Friedland. See Wallenstein.

Fries, Elias, 380.

Frithiof’s Saga, 381.

Frode (Danish kings): 35, 37.

Frœding, Gustaf, 428.

Funen, island of, 227, 246, 248, 386.

Fuxerna, battles of, 69.

Fyris, River, 36.

Fyrisvols, battles of, 36, 37, 56.

G

Gad, Dr. Heming, 121, 122, 126, 127, 129.

Gadebush, battle of, 295, 296.

Gagarin, governor, 289.

Gallia, Gallic, 20.

Gardarike, 52.

Gardie, Pontus de la, 167, 174, 187, 235;
Jacob, 187-188, 190, 194, 198-199, 234, 235;
Magnus Gabriel, 234-235, 237, 250, 251, 252, 257, 263.

Gautland. See Gothaland.

Gauts, 28, 29, 30, 31, 47, 105.

Gauzbert, 54.

Geátas, 30-31.

Geer, Louis de, 201, 226-227, 231;
Louis, 393, 397, 398.

Gefle, 138.

Gegerfelt, K. F. von, 431;
William, 429.

Geijer, Eric Gustavus, 380, 393.

Geijerstam, Gustaf of, 427.

Geirthiof, 38.

Gellandri, 48.

Gellivara, 7.

Gemauerthoff, battle of, 282.

Geology, 324, 325.

George I. of England, 306.

George Sand, 388.

Gepidæ, 29.

Gerhard, Count of Holstein, 84.

Germania, 26.

Germans, Germany, 12, 21, 22, 54, 58, 75, 80, 81, 83, 85, 90, 93, 96,
97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 116, 122, 127, 132, 150, 151, 152,
158, 168, 189, 190, 193, 202, 203, 204, 205, 210, 213, 214, 221,
222, 223, 224, 226, 228, 229, 230, 233, 239, 244, 252, 264, 287,
299, 303, 307, 321, 346, 370, 380, 385-386, 401-405, 414-418, 428,
429;
emperor, 122, 151, 158, 193, 202, 209, 210, 211, 212, 224, 228, 235,
245, 281, 299, 415;
Order, 162-163.

Gestilren, battle of, 77.

Gestrikland, 5, 16, 138.

Gibraltar of the North, 359.

Giljam, G. F., 436.

Gisslan. See Hostages.

Glaciers, 6.

Glipping. See Eric (Danish kings).

Glom River, 307, 308.

Glossarium sviogothicum, 342.

Glucksburg, 371.

Gluntarne, 389.

Goertz, G. H., 301-302, 304, 306-307, 311.

Gœtar. See Gauts.

Gold finds, 22-23.

Golumbo, battle of, 244.

Gospel, 53-55, 104, 146, 207.

Gotha Canal, 305-306, 322, 375-376.

Gotha River, 10, 46, 116, 196, 198.

Gothahamn, 116.

Gothaland, 5, 14, 19, 24, 25, 28, 42, 43, 68, 83, 84, 185, 230.

Gothenburg, 10, 188, 196, 198, 200, 226, 229, 231, 232, 249, 254, 335,
349, 369, 422, 428.

Gothenburg University. See Universities.

Gothland, East, 5, 7, 17, 31, 39, 41, 71, 98, 111, 168, 185, 186;
West, 5, 7, 13, 17, 31, 37, 41, 46, 58, 59, 61, 67, 68, 70, 76, 77,
83, 84, 96, 111, 126, 148, 167, 168, 197, 229, 321, 334, 415;
Island of, 6, 21, 22, 25, 66, 82, 85, 95, 103, 105, 111, 113, 117,
120, 142, 165, 227, 254, 304, 415.

Goths, of Continental Europe, 22, 28, 30, 235-236, 263;
of Sweden (see Gauts);
Teutons, 43;
East, 29, 71;
West, 29, 70, 71.

Gothic, 151, 220, 238, 341, 342;
Bible, 67 (see further Codex Argenteus);
invasions, 28;
language, 235, 237-238;
society, 381;
glossary, 237.

Gothic law, West, 66, 67, 70.

Gotland, 43.

Gottorp. See Holstein-Gottorp.

Government. See Sweden.

Governor, 184, 202, 231, 232.

Governor-general, 199, 203, 229, 231, 290, 291, 371;
of Norway, 366, 375, 386, 394-395, 418-419.

Grabow, Mathilde, 431.

Grammar, 40.

Greece, Greek, 49, 50, 52, 235, 237, 265;
myths, 53;
church, 288, 355.

Gregory, VII. 69;
IX. 78.

Grimm’s law, 342.

Grimsted, 246.

Grip, Bo Jonsson, 96, 102.

Gripenstedt, J. A., 387, 393, 398, 403, 404, 407.

Gripsholm, 96, 107, 152, 155, 163, 171, 173, 182, 362.

Grossbeeren, battle of, 370.

Grubbe, Sam, 411.

Guadeloupe, island of, 370.

Gualther, 236.

Gude, 405.

Gudlaug, 36-37.

Guinea, African, 232.

Gullberg, fort of, 196-197.

Gullbrandson, Ellen, 431.

Gunilla, Queen. See Bielke.

Gurzo, battle of, 202.

Gustavian period, 337, 339, 343-364.

Gustavus, Adolphus Society, 219.

Gustavus (kings of Sweden): I. Vasa, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130-160, 161,
165, 168, 170, 173, 177, 178, 199, 263, 322, 334, 344, 349;
II. Adolphus, 173, 190, 192-219, 220, 222, 225, 230, 232, 234, 240,
243, 250, 258, 314, 344;
III. 319-320, 332, 334, 339, 343-353, 354, 379, 387, 431;
IV. Adolphus, 352, 353-362, 366, 373, 375, 415.

Gustavus (princes of Sweden): Ericsson (see Vasa);
Prince of Vasa, 366;
Frans G. Oscar, 388, 389, 413, 436;
Oscar G. Adolphus, crown prince, 414, 437.

Guta, Saga, 67.

Gutai, 28.

Gutnic, Guts, 67, 87, 105.

Gutorm, Jarl, 74, 76.

Guttones, 24, 25.

Gyldén, J. A. H., 423.

Gyldenlœve, general, 254;
fort of, 308.

Gyllenborg, Charles, 317, 337;
G. F., 339, 345.

Gyllencreutz, Charles G., 268, 302.

Gyllenhielm, C. C., 187.

Gyllenstierna, Christine, 127-129, 130, 131, 140, 142, 147, 149, 155,
158;
John, 256, 312.

Gymnastics, 380;
Central Institute of, 380.

H

Hadrian IV. See Nicolaus of Alba.

Hæffner, 389.

Hagbard, 36.

Hagborg, A., 429.

Hake, 36-37.

Hakon (Norwegian kings): 79, 81, 91, 92;
Magnusson, 94-95, 100.

Hakon, Swedish regent, 68.

Halberstadt, 224.

Haleygians, 36.

Hall, P. A., 428.

Halland, 5, 13, 43, 84, 93, 95, 167, 196, 197, 227, 229, 247, 249, 254,
337.

Hallén, Andreas, 390.

Hallstrœm, Ivar, 390;
Peter, 427.

Halmstad, 108, 166, 254.

Halsten, 68, 70.

Hamburg, 54, 63, 70, 81, 82, 83;
peace treaty of, 319.

Hammarby, 332.

Handbook. See Ritual.

Hanover, 299, 311.

Hans. See John II.

Hansa, Hanseatic, 81-82, 101, 103, 104, 116, 132.

Hansson, Ola, 427.

Haraker, battle of, 112.

Harald, king of Denmark, 56.

Harald (kings of Norway): Fairhair, 55;
Hardrade, 68.

Harald, Hildetand, king of Sweden and Denmark, 41, 51.

Hare’s Leap, 6.

Hartekamp, 331.

Hartelius, T. J., 424.

Hartmansdorff, J. A. von, 383, 384-385.

Hasselberg, Peter, 430.

“Hats,” political party, 316, 317, 319, 320, 337, 338.

Havamal, 157.

Havel River, 206.

Heathen Revival, 59-61.

Hedberg, Frans, 389;
Thor, 427.

Hedenblad, Ivar, 431.

Hedenstierna, A., 428.

Hedin, Sven, 424.

Hedlund, S. A., 428;
Hans, 431.

Hedvig, queen of Denmark, 100.

Hedvig, Eleonore, of Sweden, 243, 249, 253, 255, 271, 299, 300;
Elisabeth Charlotte, 366.

Hedvig, Sophie, Princess, 269, 310.

Heidenstam, V. von, 427.

Heimskringla, 31, 33-41, 265.

Heinrich (the Lion), 75.

Heinsius, 240.

Heir-apparent, 316-317, 365-366, 367, 368, 420.

Helga. See Olga.

Helge. See Oleg.

Helge, Danish king, 38.

Hellquist, C. G., 429.

Helsingborg, 290, 336;
battle of, 291, 296.

Helsingfors, 152, 317;
battle of, 316;
University of (see Universities).

Helsingland, Helsings, 5, 138, 317, 361;
regiment of, 360-361.

Helsingœr. See Elsinore.

Helvig, Queen, 84.

Henric, St., 73, 75.

Herger, 54.

Herjedal, 5, 227.

Herredag (-ar), 88.

Herschel, 324.

Herulians, 28, 29, 48, 66.

Hervadsbro, battle of, 81.

Hesse, 205.

Hessleholm, battle of, 91.

Heterodoxy, 380.

Hielmar Lake, 109.

Hierta: Hans (see Jærta);
Lars, 377.

Hildebrand, Hans, 423.

Hildebrandsson, H. H., 424.

Hillberg, Emil, 431.

Hillestrœm, Peter, 347.

Hiortsberg, L., 390.

Hising, island of, 188, 196.

Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus, 142.

History, Historians, 11, 24-32, 33-34, 44, 46-47, 48, 50, 64, 80, 114,
142, 232, 321, 333-334, 337-339, 380, 389, 393, 412-413, 423, 424,
426.

Hœckert, J. F., 412, 429.

Hœgquist, Emelie, 390.

Hœijer, B. C. H., 347, 356, 380, 411.

Hœjentorp, 197, 336.

Hœjer, Nils, 424;
Magnus, 424.

Hœrberg, Peter, 347.

Hœrningsholm, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181.

Hofva, battle at, 83.

Hogland, naval battle at, 348.

Holaveden (Holavid), battle at, 111.

Holland, 12, 198, 201, 226, 227, 232, 236-237, 245, 247, 248, 252, 253,
264, 283, 322, 330, 331, 334, 340.

Holmfrid, 58.

Holmgard, 52.

Holmger, 78.

Holmstrœm, 233.

Holovzin, battle of, 284.

Holstein, 103, 104, 112, 226, 227, 244, 255, 271, 273, 274, 385, 402,
405;
counts of, 84, 93, 149, 228, 271, 272.

Holstein-Gottorp, 243, 295, 301.

Holy Alliance, 381.

Holy Virgin, 228.

Horn: Clas Kristersson, Baron, 162, 167-168;
Henric, 174;
Evert, 198;
Gustavus, 207-208, 221-222, 226;
Arvid Bernhard, 272, 278, 284, 293, 298, 310-311, 312-316, 337;
Rudolph, 282;
Jacob, 318.

Hotuna, play at, 90-91.

Hoya, counts of, 149.

Huet, 240.

Hugleik (O. E. Hygelâc): Swedish king, 36;
Danish king, 38.

Humor, 233, 346, 389, 390, 428.

Hungary, 68, 245, 299, 322.

Husaby, 58, 62.

Hvasser, Elisa, 413.

Hvin. See Tiodolf.

Hygelâc. See Hugleik.

I

Iaroslaf, 48, 51, 62.

Ibn, Fosslan, 50.

Ibsen, H., 405, 431.

Iceland, Icelanders, Icelandic, 33, 52, 56, 60-61, 93, 235;
language, 9;
sagas, 40, 52, 67, 297;
scalds, saga men, 60-61.

Iddefjord, 322.

Ifvarsson, Charles, 407.

Igor, 48, 51.

Ihre, John, 321, 339-342.

Illrade. See Ingiald.

Imperial army: Imperialists, 202, 203, 209, 216, 217, 221, 224, 225,
228;
crown lands, 210, 225.

Imports. See Sweden.

Indelningsverk, Indelta, 258, 408, 417.

Indensalmi, battle of, 358.

Indians, 232.

Indo-European language, 8.

Industry, 176.

Inge (Swedish kings): the Elder, 68-70, 72;
the Younger, 70.

Ingeborg, duchesses, 91, 92;
princesses, 58, 78, 80, 89, 415.

Ingegerd, Princess, 61-62;
Queen, 76.

Ingemar, 84.

Ingermanland (Ingria), 174, 199, 231, 273, 274, 282, 307, 312.

Ingiald, Illrade, 39-40, 42, 64.

Ingria. See Ingermanland.

Ingvar. See Igor.

Innocent III., 77.

Intelligence party, 408, 410.

Interchanging dynasties, 74-79.

Interdict. See Ban.

Iron Age, 11, 19, 20-24.

Isala, 135.

Isborsk, 47.

Isiaslaf, 68.

Italy, Italians, 22, 98, 106, 121, 236.

Ivar, Master, 131.

Ivar, Vidfamne, 40, 51.

Ivarsson, Ivar, of Strœmstad, 170.

J

Jacob. See Anund Jacob.

Jacobi, Petrus. See Sunnanvæder.

Jægerhorn, G. H., 359-360;
J. A., 348.

Jærta, Hans, 365.

Jagello. See Catherine.

Jankowitz, battle of, 228, 239.

Jansson, Eugene, 429.

Japhet, 263.

Jarl, jarls, 42, 57-58, 74, 87;
of the realm, 74.

Jaroslaf. See Iaroslaf.

Jedvard, 73.

Jemtland, 5, 63, 70, 227, 308, 311.

Jerusalem, 97.

Jesuits, 175, 183, 184.

Jœnkœping, 120, 230.

Jœns, Bengtsson. See Oxenstierna.

Jœsse, Ericsson. See Ericsson.

Johannes, Magni (Johannes Magnus), 114, 142-143, 263.

John, archbishop, 75;
duke, 186, 189, 197;
prince, 72.

John (kings): I. 77;
II. Hans, 119-120, 122, 130-131;
III. 155, 157, 158, 163, 169, 170-172, 173-176, 180, 182, 186, 188,
235.

John, Casimir, count of Palatinate-Zweibrucken, 239.

John, Casimir, king of Poland. See Vasa.

Jolin, J. C., 389.

Jomsborg, 56.

Jordanes, 29, 34, 44, 263.

Jornandes. See Jordanes.

Jorsalafare. See Sigurd.

Jorund, 36-37.

Josephine, Queen, 382.

Josephsson, J. A., 389, 413;
Ernst, 429.

Juel, Niels, 253, 254.

Jueterbogk, battle of, 228.

Junius, Franziskus, 237.

Justinian, 28.

Jutland, Jutes, 26, 30, 31, 37, 43, 131, 132, 226, 245, 248, 386.

Juutas, battle of, 359, 360.

K

Kæpplingeholm, Massacre of, 101.

Kagg, Lars, 250.

Kalabalik of Bender. See Bender.

Kallœ, 132.

Kalmar, 93, 101, 116, 122, 132, 133, 190;
Nyckel, 232;
Recess of, 119;
Union of (see Union).

Kalmucks, 288.

Kamenski, M. K., 361.

Kansler. See Chancellor.

Kant, 324, 347.

Karelen. See Carelia.

Karin. See Carin.

Karl. See Charles.

Karlberg. See Carlberg.

Karleby, 71;
see also Carleby.

Karlskrona. See Carlskrona.

Karlson, Valfried, 431.

Karlsson. See Carlsson.

Karlstad. See Carlstad.

Kasan, 288.

Katarina. See Catherine.

Keksholm. See Kexholm.

Kellgren, J. H., 345.

Kerkholm, battle at, 187.

Kettilmundsson, Mattias, 91, 92.

Kettilsson, Eric, 97.

Kexholm, 174, 188, 199, 292, 302.

Key, Emil, 407;
E. A. H., 424.

Kief, 46, 49, 59.

Kiel, 371;
Bay of (see Skiel).

Kierulf, Halfdan, 405.

Kingdom, elective, 64, 65, 310;
hereditary, 65, 150, 151, 186, 189, 190, 310.

“King Martha.” See Leijonhufvud.

Kjellberg, F., 430.

Klercker, Charles N., 358.

Klingspœ, W. M., 358.

Klusina, 188.

Knaphœfde. See Ragnvald.

Knerœd, peace treaty of, 198.

Kniephausen, Dodo von, 214, 216, 218.

Knights, 200.

Knightly Chapter (see Riddarhus);
orders, 318.

Knorring, Sophie von, 389, 427.

Knud. See Canute.

Knut (Swedish kings), Ericsson, 74-76;
the Tall, 78, 81.

Knut, Folkung, 81;
Bishop, 108;
Master, 141-143.

Koch, Axel, 423.

Kœnigsmarck, von, H. C., 236, 258;
O. W., 258.

Kœping, 107.

Kœrling, Aug., 431.

Kol, king (Eric Arsæl), 69, 73;
pretender, 75.

Kolbrænna. See Anund Jacob.

Kollandsœ, 69.

Kommunalstæmmor, 395.

Konghæll, Kungkæll, 62, 69.

Konungafrid, 86.

Kopparberg, 105, 133.

Krakow, Morton, 196-197.

Kreuger, Nils, 349.

Kristian, Kristiern. See Christian.

Kristina. See Christine.

Kristofer. See Christopher.

Krivitchi, 47.

Kronberg, Julius, 429.

Kronborg, fortress of, 247, 248.

Krusenstierna, J. E. von, 435.

Kyrkomœtet, 396.

L

Laaland, 246.

Labor question, 418, 433.

Lacroze, M., 341.

Ladoga, Lake, 199.

Ladugardsland, battle of, 124.

Ladulas (Barn-lock). See Magnus.

Læn, 7, 231, 395.

Lagerbielke, Gustavus, 407.

Lagerlœf, Selma, 427.

Laholm, 84.

Lallerstedt, E., 431.

Landskrona (in Sweden), battle of, 254;
(in Finland), 88.

Landsting, 395-396, 399, 407.

Landstorm, 417.

Landtmanna party, 407-408, 410, 416.

Landtmarskalk, 200, 407.

Landtværn, 417.

Lange, Lorenz, 289.

Langeland, 246.

Languedoc, 167.

La Place, 324.

Lapland, Lapmark, Laps, 5, 10, 15, 16, 104, 330;
language, 8, 341;
“Divine service in the Lapmark,” 429.

Lappo, battle of, 358.

Lars. See Laurentius.

Larsson, Thomas, 195;
Liss Olof, 407;
Marcus, 412, 429;
Carl, 429.

Latin, 98, 117, 142, 220, 265, 328.

Lauenburg, 402, 405.

Laurentius. See Andreæ and Petri.

Laval, Gustavus de, 425.

Lavoisier, 325.

Laws. See Sweden.

League, Catholic, 189.

Lech, battle of, 210.

Leckœ, 187, 251.

Leczinski (see Stanislav), 427.

Leffler, A. M. (Mittag-), 424;
Anne Charlotte, 427.

Leibnitz, 266.

Leijonhufvud, 282 note;
Margaret (see Margaret, queens of Sweden);
Martha (King Martha), 155;
Sten, baron, 162, 170.

Leipsic, 117, 213, 224, 288;
first battle of, 206-209;
second battle of, 225-226.

Leire, 38.

Lena, battle of, 76.

Lenæus, J., 239.

Lenngren, Anne Marie, 346.

Leonidas, the Swedish, 224.

Leopold, C. G., 345.

Leopold I., emperor (1640-1705), 225.

Leuchtenberg, 382.

Levertin, Oscar, 427, 428.

Lewenhaupt, 282 note;
A. L., 282, 283, 284, 285-287;
C. E., 316, 317.

Leyden, 331.

Libau, 203.

Liberty, song of, 114;
period of, 310-342, 320-321.

Libraries, 99.

Lidner, Bengt, 346.

Liesna, battle of, 285.

Liewen, H. H. von, 298-299.

Liljefors, Bruno, 429.

Lind, Jenny, 390, 413.

Lindberg, A., 430.

Lindblad, A. F., 389;
Otto, 389, 413.

Lindeberg, A., 377.

Linden, Mathilde, 431.

Lindholm (-en) in Scania, 97;
in Upland, 130.

Lindskiold, E., 270.

Ling, P. H., 380, 381.

Linkœping, 71, 77, 80, 85, 108, 112, 121, 185, 186, 195;
conference at, 72.

Linnæus (von Linné), Charles, 327-333.

Literature. See Sweden.

Lithuania, 284.

Liturgia, 175-176, 183.

Liuksiala, 173.

Livonia, Livonians, 162, 163, 187, 198, 202, 203, 223, 231, 250, 258,
273, 277, 281, 282, 283, 290-291, 307, 312.

Lober Brook, 207.

Loccenius, John, 240.

Locke, 347.

Lodbrok. See Ragnar.

Lœdœse, 83, 84, 111;
New, 116, 152, 196, 197.

London, 267, 323, 326, 327, 331, 334, 340.

Longobardians, 28, 29.

Lord, 200.

Lothringia, 162, 169.

Louis le Débonnaire (the Pious), 48, 53;
XIV. 235, 252, 254-255, 259, 280, 305;
XVI. 351-352, 367.

Louise, Princess, 406;
Queen, 392, 411.

Louise Ulrica, Queen, 217, 338.

Lovisa. See Louise.

Lubeck, 75, 81, 82, 85, 122, 132, 140, 148, 165, 166, 168, 316, 371.

Lubetch, 49.

Lucidor, Lasse (Johansson), 233.

Ludvig Rudolph of Brunswick, 324.

Luitprand, 48.

Lulea, 266.

Lund, 10, 70, 111, 250, 304, 307, 322, 328, 329, 337, 340;
battle of, 254;
peace treaty at, 255;
University of (see Universities).

Lundberg, Gustavus, 428;
Theodor, 430.

Lundquist, C. F., 431.

Luther, Lutheran, 98, 140, 183, 184, 186, 190, 204, 214, 312, 327, 368,
435.

Lutzen, battle of, 213-219;
battlefield of, 279, 281.

Lybecker, George, 283, 285.

Lymphatic ducts, 262.

M

Machiavelli, 121.

Mæcenas of Sweden, 250.

Mælar, Lake, 5, 10, 55, 71, 96, 107, 112, 127, 156, 163.

Magdeburg, 205-206.

Magnetism, 324.

Magnus (Danish princes): M. Nilsson, 71;
M. Henricsson, 72-74.

Magnus, Bishop, 148.

Magnus (kings of Norway): M. Barfod, 69;
M. Lagabœte, 83.

Magnus (kings of Sweden): M. Ladulas, 82-88, 89, 90;
M. Ericsson, 84, 92-95, 97.

Magnus (princes of Sweden): Magnus Birgersson, 92;
M. Vasa, 155, 157, 158, 163-164, 169.

Magog, 263.

Main, River, 209.

Malaspina, 183.

Malebranche, 266.

Malmstrœm, B. E., 389.

Malmœ, 10, 411.

Manderstrœm, Count, 393, 401, 404.

Manheim. See Atland.

Margaret, missionary to the Laps, 104.

Margaret Fredkulla, Princess, 69, 71.

Margaret (queens of Sweden), 89;
Valdemarsdotter, 95, 96, 98, 100-105, 120, 371;
Leijonhufvud, 155, 156, 177, 178.

Margaret of Valois, 162.

Maria, queen of Sweden, 189.

Marie Antoinette, Queen, 367.

Marie Eleonore, Queen, 234.

Mariefred, 118, 133.

Mariestad, 188.

Marlborough, 280.

Marnæs, 136.

Mars, 31.

Marsk, 87, 102, 108, 249.

Martha, Dame, 100.

Massilia, 24.

“Master Olf,” 427.

Masudi, 50.

Matchless, The, 165-166.

Materialism, 412, 432.

Matérn, J. A., 288.

Mathematics, 270, 322.

Mattias, Bishop, 128.

Maximilian of Bavaria, 193, 210, 211.

Mayence, 209.

Mazarin, 220.

Mazeppa, 283, 285, 286.

Mechtild, Danish queen, 81.

Mecklenburg, 95, 97, 168, 210, 223, 244, 295, 357.

Medelpad, 5, 24, 303.

Mediæval. See Middle Ages.

Medical science, 262, 331, 333, 424, 425.

Meibom, 240.

Melanchthon, 204.

Melen, Berndt von, 142, 148.

Memel, 203.

Mendelssohn, 389.

Menuet, Peter, 232.

Meri, 47.

Messenius, John, 232;
Arnold J., 240;
Arnold, the Younger, 240.

Metals, 15, 16, 116.

Mexico, 18, 404.

Michaëli, Louise, 413.

Middle Ages, 45, 64-129, 134, 192, 400.

Midsummer, Midnight, sun, 7.

Miklagard, 52.

Mines, miners, mine owners, 123, 144, 152, 200-201, 305, 323, 335;
Mining, College of, 304-305, 322, 323.

Ministers, church, 175, 183, 253, 287, 304, 327, 337, 396;
state (secretary), 365, 401, 407, 416;
of foreign affairs, 373, 393, 435;
of justice, 393, 397, 409, 435;
of finance, 393, 435, 436;
of ecclesiastics, 393, 409, 436;
of war, 408, 435;
of civil service, 409;
of marine, 435;
of interior, 435.

Missionaries, 53-55, 58, 104.

Mitan, 202, 282.

Mœrner, Otto, 367-368.

Mohilev, 284.

Molin, Ambjœrn, 289;
J. P., 412, 430.

Monitor, 387.

Monrad, D. G., 404.

Mons Bengtsson. See Natt och Dag.

Montelius, Oscar, 423.

Mora, in Dalecarlia, 136-138, 140;
Stone of, in Upland, 92, 95.

Moravia, 226, 228.

Moræus, Maria Elis, 332.

Moscow, 172, 188, 284, 288.

Moss, Convention of, 372-373.

Motzfeldt, K., 406.

Muller, J. B., 289.

Munck, Lady Ebba, 415.

Munich School of Painters, 429.

Muonio, River, 363.

Music, 263, 346, 380, 382, 388, 389-390, 412, 413, 431;
national folk, 431.

Mutiny, 188.

Mysticism, 98, 99, 161, 169, 321, 354, 356.

Mythology, classical, 31, 265.
Swedish (see Sweden).

N

Nakskov, 246.

Namur, 93.

Napoleon I., 356, 357, 362, 367, 368, 369-371.

Napoleon III., 404, 406.

Narva, 174, 282;
battle of, 274-277;
river, 275.

Nassau, 415.

Nathorst, H. O., 423;
A. C., 424 note.

Natt och Dag, Mons Bengtsson, 109;
Nils Bosson (see Sture);
Ake Hansson, 122 (see also Sture).

Nerigon, 25.

Nerike, 5, 13, 39, 97, 116.

Nerschinsk, 289.

Nestor, 46-47, 49, 52.

Netherlands, 98, 152, 189.

Neva, 78, 93, 289.

New Church, 325.

New Rhymed Chronicle. See Charles Chronicle.

New School, 380-381.

Newton, 324.

Nicholaus II. of Russia, 418.

Nicolaus of Alba, 72.

Nils Bosson (Natt och Dag). See Sture.

Nils, king of Denmark, 71.

Nilsson, Mons, 134;
Sven, 380;
Christine, 413.

Nimwegen, peace treaty of, 254-255.

Niord, 34.

Nithard, 54.

Nobel, Alfred, 425-426.

Nobility, Nobles, 76, 86, 87, 88, 92, 95, 96, 102, 105, 108, 110, 113,
115, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128, 144, 148, 150, 151, 158, 166,
169, 173, 174, 185, 186, 193, 199, 200, 231, 233, 238, 239, 243,
250, 255, 256, 258, 271, 302, 304, 310, 314, 349, 350, 352, 357,
365, 367, 383, 384, 385, 396, 397, 398, 416;
higher, 200, 251, 256-257, 314;
lower, 200, 251, 253, 256, 257, 314,
speaker of (see Landtmarskalk).

Nœrdlingen, battle of, 221, 223.

Nœteborg, 282.

Norcopensis. See Nordenhielm.

Nordanskogs, 5.

Nordberg, G., 288.

Nordblom, J. E., 389.

Nordenflycht, Hedvig Charlotta, 339.

Nordenhielm, Andreas, 269, 270.

Nordenskiold, Baron, 424.

Nordgren, Ellen, 404, 406, 431.

Nordraak, 405.

Nordstrœm, Charles, 429.

Norman, Normandie, 48, 52.

Norman, Georg, 149;
F. V. L., 390.

Norén, Adolph, 423.

Norrby, Sœren, 122, 139, 140, 142.

Norrkœping, 190, 320.

Norrland, 5, 6, 7, 14, 24, 43, 107, 138, 193, 266, 362.

North, the Scandinavian, 16, 21, 29, 35, 42, 43, 44, 52, 53, 54, 56,
59, 60, 61, 94, 96, 101, 104, 114, 225, 248, 263, 305, 330, 434,
438.

North Pole, 424.

North Sea, 5, 10, 196, 198, 322, 375.

North Star, Order of the, 318.

Northeast Passage, 424.

Northern language, common, 99;
oldest form, 8, 22;
tribes, 23;
industrial arts, 23;
literature, 36, 38, 41.

Northmen, 45, 52, 53, 59.

Norway, Norwegians, 5, 6, 10, 13, 21, 25, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 52,
55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75, 76, 79, 83, 89, 90,
91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 111, 142, 147, 164, 166-167, 174, 247,
307, 308, 311, 348, 357, 362, 366, 370, 371-374, 375, 386, 393-395,
402, 404, 405, 418-421, 430;
governor-general question, 386, 393-395, 418-419;
constitution, 373-374, 393;
cabinet, 373, 394-395, 402;
consular and diplomatic service, 419, 420, 437;
defence, 419;
flag, 386, 419;
culture, 405;
government, 373;
king, 373-374;
Minister of State, 419;
railways, 421;
royal title, 386;
Storthing, 373, 379, 386, 393-394, 406, 419, 420, 425-426;
viceroy, 393.

Novgorod, 47, 52, 62, 188, 190.

Nuremberg, 211-212, 225.

Nurmanni, 47.

Nykœping, 82, 84, 172, 190, 239, 302;
Feast of, 90;
Restitution of, 102.

Nyslott, 316.

Nystrœm, Alfred, 430.

O

Oder, River, 21, 27, 224, 279.

Odin, 31-32, 34, 35, 37.

Œdman, A., 431.

Œland, island of, 5, 21, 22, 111, 254;
naval battles of, 165-166, 167-168, 350.

Œrbyhus, 171.

Œrebro, 109, 146, 150, 174, 368, 387.

Œsel, island of, 164, 227.

Œstberg, Caroline, 431.

Œsterlind, A., 429.

Ohio, 7.

Ôhthere. See Ottar.

Olaf (Norwegian kings) Tryggvasson, 57-58;
Haraldsson, 61-62, 67;
Hakonsson, 100.

Olai, Ericus, 114, 117.

Olaus, Petri (Master Olof). See Petri.

Oldenburg, 366;
counts of, 149, 367.

Old Chronicle. See Eric’s Chronicle.

Old Danish, 8, 22, 99.

Old English, 237, 342.

Old High German, 342.

Old Icelandic. See Old Norse.

Old Norse language, 8, 22, 99, 341, 342;
literature, 32, 232, 270;
mythology, 265.

Old Swedish language, 8, 9, 22, 24, 48, 49, 99, 342;
literature, 8, 9, 66-67, 80, 98, 114, 121;
laws, 48, 66-67, 380, 391.

Oleg, 48, 49, 51.

Olga, 48, 51.

Oligarchy, 309.

Oliva, peace treaty of, 250.

Olof (Swedish kings), 40-41, 42, 54, 55;
Skœtkonung, 52, 57-62;
Næskonung, 69, 70.

Olsson, Lars, 138.

Olustra, battle of, 78.

Opposition, Conservative, 383, 384;
Liberal, 376-378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384.
See also Intelligence Party.

Orange, 259, 392.

Oravais, battle of, 358, 360-362.

Ordeals, 82.

Orientalists, 333, 340.

Ornæs, 134.

Orosius, 43.

Oscar Fredericsborg, 418.

Oscar (kings of Sweden): I. 382-390, 391, 411;
II. 411, 414-438.

Oscar, Prince. See Bernadotte.

Oslo, 92.

Ottar, 37-38.

Otto, Bishop, 128.

Oxenstierna, Jœns Bengtsson, 112-113;
Axel, 199, 203, 204, 220-221, 222, 226, 229, 230, 233, 234, 239, 242,
312, 375, 421;
John, 229;
Bengt, 259, 271;
John Gabriel, 345;
Oxford, 340.

P

Palæolithic Civilization, 12.

Palatinate-Zweibrucken, 189, 239, 290.

Pappenheim, 203, 207-209, 213, 214, 217-218.

Paris, 118, 305, 331, 340, 368, 371;
expositions, 413, 421, 429;
peace treaties, 362-363, 369, 388;
University, 118, 340.

Parliament, Parliamentary Reform, 108, 111, 376, 379, 384-385, 396-401.

Passage-graves, 13.

Patkul, J. R., 312.

Patriotism, 104, 114, 120, 130, 131, 200, 201, 235, 244, 247, 248, 250,
258, 309, 352, 358, 367, 398, 434.

Pau, 368.

Pauli, Emerentia, 196-197;
George, 429;
Hanna (Hirsch-P.), 429.

Peasant. See Yeoman.

Peasant High Schools, 423.

Peasant-king, 188.

Peene, River, 312.

Peipus, Lake, 199, 282.

Pentinger, Konrad, 149.

Peringskiold, John, 265.

Pernau, 201, 292.

Person, Andrew, 133-134;
Arendt, 134-135;
Gœran, 162, 170.

Peru, 336.

Peter Frisk, 299.

Peter’s Pence, 72.

Peter the Great, 272-273, 277, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 296,
306, 307, 311, 316.

Peterson, Adrian, 431.

Petri, Olaus (Master Olof), 86, 114, 128, 141, 150;
Laurentius, 141, 150, 175, 177, 183;
Laurentius P. Gothus, 175.

Philadelphia Exposition, 421.

Philip, king, 70;
Folkung, 81;
Duke (see Charles, Princes of Sweden).

Philipstad, 188.

Philology, 67, 237, 265, 266, 320, 339-342, 380, 388, 423.

Philosophy, 240-241, 321, 327, 340, 411-412, 423.

Phosphoristic School, 380-381.

Physical science, 322, 324-325, 333, 423, 425.

Physiology, 325.

Piccolomini, General, 221, 225.

Pillau, 203.

Piper, Charles, 271, 286, 287, 288, 292;
Louise Sophie, 366-367.

Pitea, 411.

Plague, 94, 124, 176, 290, 323.

Platen, Baltzar B. von, 365, 371, 375.

Plato, 264.

Pliny, the Elder, 25.

Poland, Polish, 98, 143, 163, 164, 174, 175, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187,
199, 202, 222, 243-245, 247, 250, 252, 273, 278-279, 281, 282, 283,
284, 290, 292, 294, 295, 297, 313, 401.

Polar Circle, 7, 8;
Sea, 93.

Polhammar. See Polhem.

Polhem, Christopher, 267, 302, 304-306, 322, 326, 334, 375, 424;
Emerentia, 326.

Poliané, 49.

Polotsk, 47.

Pomerania, 5, 7, 205, 224, 229, 232, 245, 255, 258, 294-295, 299, 302,
313, 319, 336, 357, 363, 371.

Pomponius Mela, 25.

Ponte Corvo, 368.

Pope, 69, 77, 78, 94, 97-98, 117, 121, 124, 126, 144.

Porosalmie, battle of, 350.

Porphyrogenitus. See Constantine P.

Portugal, 45.

Posse, Knut, 116, 118;
Arvid, 407.

Potatoes, 336.

Powers, Continental, 187, 248, 250, 252, 319, 320, 344, 345, 372, 374,
378, 403, 418.

Prague, 117, 210, 222, 228, 236, 258.

Press, 231, 365, 376-377, 383, 384, 396, 397, 403, 404, 407, 428;
law, 434-435.

Pretenders, 55-56, 74, 75, 78, 147, 187-188.

Priestley, 325.

Priests, 98, 144.

Primas of Sweden, 70.

Printz, John, 232.

Prisons, 382.

Prokopios, 28, 31.

Propeller, 387.

Prose Chronicle. See Chronicle.

Protective system, 406, 416;
protectionistic party, 416.

Protestantism, 175, 182-184, 189, 192, 202, 204, 221, 279, 281-282,
325.

Province, Provincial, 5-6, 64-65, 66, 86, 89, 93, 105, 149, 249;
laws (see Sweden).

Prussia, 172, 202, 203, 222, 223, 244, 296, 299, 311, 345, 349, 352,
370, 385-386, 403.

Pruth, River, 294.

Pskof, 198.

Ptolemy, 27.

Pufendorff, S., 237.

Puke, Eric Kettilsson (see Kettilsson);
Eric (Nilsson), 107, 110.

Pulkkila, battle of, 358.

Pultowa, battle of, 285-286, 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 303.

Pyk, Louise, 431.

Pyteas, 24.

Q

Quaternary period, 12.

Qvidinge, 366.

R

Ræfsnæs, 133.

Ragnar, Swedish king, 41-42;
R. Lodbrok, sea-king, 41-42.

Ragnvald, jarl, 58, 61-62, 67;
king, 70-71;
prince, 70.

Railways. See Sweden.

Ramberg, 226.

Rankhytta, 133.

Rantzau, Daniel, 168;
George, 291.

Rappe, A. E., 435.

Raseborg, 113, 129.

Rashutt, 327.

Ratan, 363.

Ratenau, battle of, 252.

Ravius, 240.

Realism, 405, 426-427.

Reform Banquet, 384.

Reform, Parliamentary. See Parliament.

Reformation, Reformers, 98, 140-146, 150, 153, 339;
language, 9.

Reformed Church, 312.

Regensburg, 224.

Rehnskiold, C. G., 284, 285-286, 287, 288.

Renaissance, 153, 157, 261;
Swedish Castle, 173, 431.

Renat, J. G., 288.

Renata of Lothringia, 162, 169.

Restitution. See Crown Lands.

Rettvik, 136.

Reuterholm, G. A., 353-356.

Reval, 162, 172, 174, 292.

Revolts, 76, 78, 81, 84, 107-108, 121, 141-143, 146-151, 288, 293,
316-317, 344, 369;
of Bells, 148-149, 155.

Revolution, French, 351, 368, 384, 428;
Swedish, 138, 143, 146, 344, 345, 349-352, 362, 379.

Rheims, 54.

Ribbing, P., 302, 310, 314.

Richelieu, 220, 224.

Riddarholm’s Church, 87, 90, 96, 225, 367, 415.

Riddarhus, The, 166, 200, 256, 268, 398.

Ridderstad, C. F., 389.

Riga, 82, 187, 202, 291-292.

Rikissa, princess, 87;
queen, 71;
Birgersdotter, 79.

Riksdag, 88, 108, 115, 117, 124, 140, 142, 143, 150, 151, 161, 169,
170, 175, 183-184, 200, 201, 202, 222, 238, 240, 243, 248, 249,
250, 254, 256, 257, 258, 271, 293, 298, 310, 314, 315, 316, 317,
318, 319, 335, 336, 338, 340, 344, 345, 348, 349-350, 355, 356-857,
365, 368, 369, 376, 378, 383, 384, 387, 394-395, 396-401, 403, 406,
407-411, 416-418, 420, 433, 435;
regulations of the, 434.

Riksdrotset. See Drotsete.

Riksmarsk. See Marsk.

Rimbert, Archbishop, 52, 55.

Ring (“Sigurd Ring”), 41, 51.

Riswick, peace treaty of, 259.

Ritual and hymn-book, 175, 183, 260, 355.

Rock-carvings, 17, 18.

Rococo, 353.

Rœskilde, peace treaties of, 91, 247.

Rolf Krake, 38.

Romanticism (Neo-), 346, 380-381, 388-389, 405, 427.

Rome, Roman, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, 72, 74, 97, 125, 141, 144, 175, 204,
263, 265.

Rosen, von, 282 note;
George von, 412, 429.

Rosenblad, M., 374.

Roslagen, 48-49.

Roslin, Alex., 347, 428.

Rosstjenst. See Russtienst.

Rostock, 121, 147, 165.

Rostof, 47.

Rothman, Dr., 327-328.

Royal offices, 87;
sanctity, 77, 85;
title, 84.

Rud, Otto, 122.

Rudbeck, Olof, the Elder, 261-265;
Olof, the Younger, 330.

Rudbeckius, J., 262.

Ruden, Island of, 205.

Rudenschiold, Madelaine, 354.

Rudolph, emperor, 172.

Rugen, Island, 229, 294, 371.

Ruhr, River, 236.

Runeberg, J. L., 364, 388.

Runes, 8, 21-22, 340.

Runius, 233.

Runn, Lake, 134.

Ruotsi, 48.

Rurik, 47-49, 51, 52, 187.

Rus, Rûs, 47, 50, 105.

Russia, Russians, 6, 12, 22, 26, 43, 46-52, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 78, 81,
88, 94, 105, 112, 118, 119, 122, 143, 152, 153, 162, 171, 172, 174,
176, 184, 187, 188, 190, 198, 199, 203, 244, 250, 272, 273,
274-277, 278, 280, 282-287, 291-292, 294, 295, 306, 311, 315, 316,
317, 345, 348-349, 350-351, 352, 357-362, 369, 370, 374, 377, 378,
387-388, 394, 401, 418, 436;
captivity, 287-289;
language, 8;
names, 48.

Russtienst, Rusttjenst, 86, 143, 162, 174, 188.

Rydberg, Victor, 412, 423.

Rydboholm, 130.

Rydelius, Andrew, 337-338.

Ryssby, 193.

S

Sachsen (Saxony)-Lauenburg, 155, 216.

Sæfstrom, 325.

Sætherbey, H., 389.

Sætra, 134.

St. Gallen, 362.

St. Olaf, Order of, 386.

St. Peter of Rome, 240.

St. Petersburg, 88, 282, 283, 285, 289, 348, 355.

St. Salvator, Order of, 98.

Sala, 152.

Salestad, 176.

Salmasius, 236, 240.

Salmson, H., 429.

Salon, French, 428, 429.

Salvius, A., 229.

San, River, 244.

Sandels, J. A., 358, 360.

Saxo, 51, 57.

Saxons, Saxonland, Saxony, 29, 38, 40, 206-208, 211, 213, 222, 223,
224, 228, 272, 273, 277, 279-282, 292, 295, 299, 322, 415.

Scandia, 25.

Scandinavia, Scandinavian, 14, 16, 24, 25, 28, 100, 101, 124, 166, 255,
317, 423, 437;
languages, 9, 99, 166;
peninsula, 5, 12, 25, 27, 93, 312, 325, 371, 421;
policy, 247, 402-406, 415, 437-438;
religion, 31.

Scandinavism, 385-386.

Scandza, 30, 44.

Scania, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 25, 40, 43, 46, 84, 91, 93, 95,
97, 105, 111, 167, 195, 226, 247, 249, 254, 290-291, 307, 325, 336,
344, 357, 362, 366, 369, 386.

Scheele, C. W., 346.

Schefferns, 240.

Schleswig, 104, 112, 126, 245, 385, 386, 402, 404, 405.

Schluesselburg, 282.

Schlyter, K. J., 380.

Schœnstrœm, P., 288.

Scholander, E. W., 431.

Schools, school laws, 117, 146, 175, 393, 423.

Schueck, H., 428.

Schuisky, Vassili, 187-188.

Schwartz, Sophie, 389.

Schwedenstein, 281.

Schwerin, von W., 360-361;
F. B., 377.

Scotland, 208, 405.

Scylfingas. See Skilfings.

Secret Committee, 314, 315, 316.

Seeland, 246-247, 291, 362.

Sehlstedt, Elias, 389.

Semiramis of the North, 104.

Separator, 425.

Seraphim, Order of the, 318.

Seven Years’ War, of the North, 164-168;
Continental, 319.

Siberia, 287-289.

Sigfrid, St., 58.

Sigismund of Sweden and Poland, 174, 182-186, 187, 188, 202.

Signe, 36.

Signjótr. See Sineus.

Sigrid Storrada, 57.

Sigtuna, 35, 62, 68, 71, 75.

Sigurd, King, 41.

Sigurd Jorsalafare, 70.

Siikajoki, battle of, 358-359.

Silesia, 202, 222, 225, 226, 279, 281-282.

Siljan, Lake, 136.

Simon. See Gauzbert and Stenfi.

Sineus, 47, 48.

Sjœgren, Otto, 390, 431.

Skara, 59, 68, 84, 128, 148, 321.

Skee Finns, 28.

Skenninge Conference, 78;
meeting, 86.

Skerry fleet, 350, 351.

Skialf, 36.

Skiel (Kiel), Bay of, 226.

Skilfings, 33, 35, 37, 39, 40.

Skjœldebrand, A. F., 374.

Skokloster, 251.

Skytte, Johan, 193, 232.

Slavs, 28, 47-50, 54.

Sloane, Hans, 331.

Smaland, 5, 14, 29, 70, 72, 84, 111, 126, 133, 150, 166, 195, 215, 291,
327, 329.

Smith, S., 431.

Smolensk, 49, 188, 284.

Snaphaner, 226.

Snoilsky, 412, 427.

Snorre Sturleson, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 52, 265, 349.

Socialism, 433.

Sœderkœping, 116, 183.

Sœderman, August, 431.

Sœdermanland, 5, 9, 13, 23, 39, 58, 107, 133, 174.

Sohlman, Aug., 403.

Soop, Eric, 303.

Sophia (queens of Sweden), 81; 415.

Sophie Magdalene, queen of Sweden, 343.

Sound, the, 10, 93, 227;
naval battle of, 248.

South Company, 232.

Spain, Spanish, 45, 97, 209, 221, 352, 378.

Sparre, P. G., 389.

Sparrsætra, battle of, 78.

Spectator, 338.

Spitzbergen, 424.

Sprengtporten, J. M., 344, 350.

Squire, 106, 131, 200.

Stade, 295.

Stadsfullmægtige, 395.

Stæket, 124, 125, 131.

Stagnelius, E. J., 380-381.

Stanislav of Poland, 279, 281, 290, 295, 313.

Starbæck, George, 389.

Steam hose, 387.

Stedingk, C. von, 350, 367.

Stefan, 74.

Stegeborg, 139, 185.

Stellin, 312.

Stenbock (see Catherine, queens of Sweden), Brita, 156;
Gustavus, Baron, 156, 162, 181;
Olof,171;
Eric, 176-182, 296;
Magdalen (see Sture);
Cecilia, 178-180;
Beatrix, 180;
Anne, 181;
Gustavus, 182;
Gustavus Otto, 250;
Magnus, Count, 182, 277, 284, 290, 291, 294-296.

Stenfi (Stephan), 58.

Stenhammar, W., 390.

Stenkil, 67-68, 70.

Stensœ, 132.

Stephan of Poland, 174.

Steuchius, Archbishop, 340.

Stiernhielm, Georg, 233, 235, 237.

Stiernhœk, 232.

Stiklastad, battle of, 62.

Stobeus, Chilian. 329.

Stockholm, 10, 36, 74, 75, 82, 84, 87, 90, 92, 95, 96, 100, 101, 107,
108, 109, 112, 116, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 133, 139,
140, 141, 143, 150, 158, 165, 169, 173, 180, 186, 190, 193, 199,
231-232, 272, 313, 317, 320, 321, 334, 338, 344, 362, 366, 373,
377, 384, 391, 397, 405, 418, 422;
Royal Palace, 303;
City University (see Universities);
Exchange, 337;
Posten, 377;
Royal Theatre, 346, 352, 413, 431.

Stolarm, Arvid, 185.

Stolbova, peace treaty of, 198.

Stolhandske, Torsten, 216-217, 218.

Stone Age, 11-16;
cists, 13.

Stongebro, battle of, 185.

Strahlenberg, J. von, 288.

Stralsund, siege of, 299-300.

Strandberg, C. W. A., 389.

Strengnæs, 71, 114, 128, 140.

Strindberg, August, 426-427, 428, 431;
Nils, 424.

Strœmstad, 307, 322.

Strole, Olof, 197.

Stromberg, Nils, 291-292.

Stuart, Mary, 162;
Charles Magnus, 270, 277.

Stuhm, battle of, 202-203.

Sture, 130, 140, 146, 181, 182;
original line: Sten Sture, the Elder, 113, 114-120, 121, 123,
130-131;
Natt och Dag branch: Nils Bosson, 108-109, 116, 118, 120, 123;
Svante Nilsson, 118-123, 141;
Sten Sture, the Younger, 123-129, 131, 142;
Nils Stensson, 147;
Svante Stensson, Count, 149, 151, 155, 156, 162, 168, 169-170, 177;
Nils Svantesson, 168, 169;
Eric, 170;
Martha (see Leijonhufvud);
Sigrid, 176-182;
Magdalen, 176-182, 296;
Anne, 177;
Margaret, 177, 179;
Christine, 177.

Sture Chronicles, 114.

Sturzen-Becker, O. P., 389.

Styrbiœrn Starke, 55-56.

Subsidies, 252, 316, 319.

Succession, Royal, 150, 151, 190, 310;
law of, 434.

Suchtelen, von, 359.

Sud, 49.

Suevian Sea, 26.

Suiones, 26.

Sundberg, Archbishop, 407.

Sunnanskogs, 5.

Sunnanvæder, Peder, 141-143, 147.

Suomi, 437.

Supreme Court. See Sweden.

“Surgeon’s Stories,” 413.

Sværdsbro, 179.

Sværdsjœ, 135.

Svartsjœ, 155, 173.

Sveaborg, fortress of, 317, 359-360.

Svealand, 5, 14, 19, 24, 27, 58, 68, 69, 83, 185.

“Svecia,” 265-266.

Svedberg, Jesper, 321.

Svedbom, 431.

Sveijder, 35.

Svein, Norwegian jarl, 57-58.

Sven. See Blot-Sven.

Svend (Danish kings): Tjufvuskægg, 57;
Estridsen, 63;
Grade, 72.

Svendborg, 246.

Svensksund, naval battles of, 350-351.

Sverdrup, J., 406.

Sverker, the Old, 71-73, 75;
the Younger, 74, 75-77.

Sviar, 27, 35, 47, 64.

Sviatoslaf, 51.

Svinesund, 307, 372.

Svithiod, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41.

Svolder, battle of, 57-58.

Swabia, 29, 213.

Sweden, 5, 11, 21, 26, 27, 31, 34, 42, 58, 64, 75, 90, 105, 126, 188,
192, 214, 221, 222, 223, 229-230, 250, 265, 272, 289, 291, 296,
298, 300, 309, 320-321, 363-364, 374, 403, 418, 432-434;
administration (see Government);
agriculture, 15, 117, 152, 260, 306, 317, 423;
alcohol industry, 387;
architects (see Architecture);
army, 152, 186, 201-202, 203, 231, 258-259, 283, 290, 296, 307,
408-410, 415-418;
art, 261, 303, 347, 382, 391, 412, 421, 428-431;
botanists (see Botany);
broadcloth, 335, 336, 337;
budget, 422;
cabinet, 365, 374, 376, 378, 382, 383, 391-392, 394-395, 399-400,
402, 404, 435, 436;
canals (see Gotha Canal);
civilization (see Cultural Development);
climate, 7;
colonies, 232;
commerce, 81-82, 85, 105, 116, 152, 176, 188, 198, 200, 260, 288,
302, 376, 387, 406, 407, 414, 421, 422;
communications, 374, 387, 406, 421;
communities, 39, 42, 64, 105, 396, 432;
composers (see Music);
constitution, 64, 65, 105, 255-258, 268, 292-293, 302, 310, 314,
318, 344, 349-350, 366, 378, 400, 434;
court, 87, 146, 154, 189, 240, 255, 318, 319, 338, 339;
court party, 318-320, 338;
criminal code, 395;
crown, 144, 149, 174-175, 201, 239, 255
(see also Crown lands, restitution of);
cultural development, 14, 18, 23, 30-31, 59-61, 68, 71-72, 98-99,
105, 114, 117-118, 141-142, 173, 188, 201, 232-233, 261-267,
302-306, 313, 320, 321-341, 345-347, 353, 380-381, 382, 388-390,
393, 405, 408, 411-413, 422-433;
dairy industry, 152, 425;
defence, 254, 260, 293, 374, 375, 408, 417-418;
departments, state, 199, 230, 298, 314, 378, 421, 435
(see also Cabinet and Ministers);
dialect research, 340, 341;
electric telegraph, 387, 422;
emblem, 164, 197;
engineers, 424-426;
estates (see Estates);
exports and imports, 422;
finance, 94, 187, 239, 243, 301-302, 306, 311, 313, 315, 319, 374,
407, 408, 422;
forests, 7, 18;
fundamental laws, 434-435;
geographical discoveries, 288, 424;
geology, 8, 12, 325;
government, 64, 65, 74, 85, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 96, 101-104, 108,
114, 115, 123, 149-150, 152-153, 161-162, 174, 176, 188, 189, 190,
203, 230, 233, 249-252, 253, 256-257, 258, 259-260, 271, 292-293,
300-302, 310-311, 312, 313, 315, 816, 317, 319, 320, 345, 354-355,
374, 378, 383-384, 390, 391, 395-401, 403, 404, 407, 409, 410-411,
416,418, 419, 435;
graves, 18, 14, 16, 17, 19, 23, 27;
historians (see History);
industries, 302, 306, 317, 319, 334-337, 383, 387, 393, 407, 421;
inland seas, 305, 325;
inventors, 304, 321, 322, 425-426;
kings, 26, 31, 40, 41, 42, 64-65, 67, 84, 85, 87, 92, 96, 99, 115,
125, 145, 150, 158, 189, 190, 191, 201, 242, 249, 253, 263, 268,
300, 308, 343, 382-383, 391, 401, 411, 414, 415, 434-435;
land-tax, 408, 410, 416;
language, 8, 9, 15, 47-48, 99, 153, 237, 238, 330, 340, 346-347, 390;
legislation, 82, 85-86, 89, 93, 105, 110, 314, 315, 383, 395-401,
416-418;
literature, 66-67, 80, 89, 98, 99, 121, 155, 233, 237, 261, 263,
337-339, 345-347, 380-382, 388-389, 405, 412-413, 414, 426-428;
loanwords, 8, 47;
manufactures, 306, 317, 335-336;
maritime code, 395;
metal engraving (see Art);
migrations, 34;
military districts and divisions, 417-418;
militia, 357, 365, 369, 409, 410, 416, 417;
mining industry, 82, 116, 152, 188, 201, 230-232, 260, 336;
municipal government, 395-396;
mythology, 31-32, 53;
national anthem, 434;
national character and temperament, 9, 10, 98, 354, 389-390, 405,
433-434;
naturalists (see Science);
navigation, 407, 422;
navy, 94, 149, 168, 226-227, 231, 253, 258-259, 416, 418;
one realm, 39, 42, 43, 64-65, 105;
painters (see Art);
philologists (see Philology);
philosophers (see Philosophy);
political grandeur, 191, 192-309;
population, 5, 8, 16, 94, 176, 193;
possessions, 253, 272, 292, 293, 299, 312
(see also Territory, Finland, and Baltic Dominion and Provinces);
postal service, 231, 421;
proper names, 32, 47, 48;
provincial laws, 8, 66-67, 70, 89, 98, 380, 392;
railways, 387, 406, 421;
regent, 68, 79, 88, 91, 108, 109, 113, 115, 120, 122, 124, 126, 140,
184, 353-356, 362-364, 391, 392-393;
Riksdag (see Riksdag);
scenery, 6, 98, 330, 391;
science, 9, 232, 240, 261, 265, 288, 302, 304-306, 321, 324-325, 332,
339, 340, 346, 380, 408, 414, 421, 426;
sculptors (see Art);
seal of state, 164;
sects, 432;
singers, song (see Music);
sloyd, 287;
state, 8, 64-65, 151, 192, 199, 230;
state law, 67, 98, 105, 110, 315;
state treasurer, 189, 250;
statesmen, 82, 87, 89, 146, 192, 199, 204, 220, 251, 312, 315-316,
317, 368, 392-393, 437;
suffrage, 396, 399, 433;
supreme court, 162, 174, 199, 200, 230, 350;
taxes, taxation, 76, 88, 103, 107, 201, 288, 238, 240, 279, 290, 293,
314, 317, 387, 396, 408, 410;
telephone system, 422;
territory, 6, 93, 104, 434;
towns, 10, 75, 82, 85, 116, 152, 176, 188, 311, 395, 397, 399;
town laws, 116;
tribes, 66, 105.

Swedenborg, E., 321-327, 332, 347.

“Swedish Fates and Adventures,” 427.

Swinhufvud. See Barbro Stigsdotter.

Sword, Order of the, 318.

Systema Naturæ, 330, 333.

T

Tacitus, 26, 27, 30, 434.

Tartars, 285.

Taube, Mathilde. See Grabow.

Tavastehus, 77, 358.

Tavasti, Tavastland, 77, 78, 88.

Tchudi, 47.

Te Deum, 277.

Tegnér, Esaias, 353, 363, 381-382, 389;
Esaias, Junior, 423.

Telegraph. See Sweden.

Temperance movement, 387.

Terna, 133.

Tessin, Nicodemus, Senior, 302-303;
Nicodemus, Junior, 302-304, 317, 430;
Charles Gustavus, 317, 318, 332, 336, 339, 340.

Teuffel, General, 207.

Teutons, Teutonic, 8, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 44;
ancestors, 15;
languages, 8, 238, 342;
communities, 396, 432;
migrations, 20, 23, 44;
mythology, 30;
origin, 30, 265;
sea,25;
state, 64-65;
traditions, 29-30;
tribes, 30, 43.

Thegerstrom, Robert, 430.

Themptander, O. R., 416.

Theology, 340-341.

Theophilus, Emperor, 48.

Theosophy, 325, 412.

Thermometer, Centigrade, 321, 333.
See Celsius.

Thing (Assembly), 55, 56, 58, 61, 65, 72, 82, 86.

Thiodulf of Hvin, 33, 35, 41.

Thirty Years’ War, 193, 202-229, 231, 236, 261, 281, 312, 434.

Thomas, Bishop, 114, 121.

Thomasius, 266.

Thor, 30-31.

Thorild, T., 346, 355.

Thorn, 172.

Thorvald, Hialte, 56.

Thraldom, 82, 93, 137, 309.

Thule, 24, 25, 28, 29.

Thunberg, D., 375.

Tidemand, 405.

Tilly, 203, 206-209, 210-211.

Timutarsz, 297, 298.

Tiundaland, 39, 62.

Tiveden, 83, 127.

Tobacco, 336.

Tobolsk, 287.

Tœnnig, fortress of, 295-296.

“Tœrnroseus bok,” 389.

Toll, J. C., 344, 356, 357.

Tomte Mats, 137.

Topelius, Z., 412-413.

Tordenskiold, Peter, 307, 311, 322.

Toresson. See Ahlstrœmer.

Torgau, retreat from, 224.

Torgny, 62.

Tormentor of Denmark, 122.

Torne, River, 363.

Torpa, 156, 181.

Torsslov, O. U., 390.

Torstensson, Lennart, 223, 225-229, 239, 245, 248.

Tott, Eric Axelson, 113, 117;
Ivar Axelson, 113, 117;
Ingeborg, 118;
Ake, 173;
Clas, 175.

Traventhal, peace treaty of, 274.

Tre Rosor, 282 note;
Ture Jœnsson, 146, 148, 149, 156;
John Turesson, 149, 156, 158;
Gustavus Johnsson, Count, 156, 162.

Trolle, Eric, 123, 124;
Gustavus, Archbishop, 124-125, 127-128, 129, 139, 142, 148.

Trollhetta, waterfalls of, 306, 375.

Tromp, Admiral, 253.

Truso, 43.

Truvor, 47, 48.

Tryggve. See Truvor.

Turgot, 59.

Turkey, Turks, 283, 287, 293, 294, 296-298, 299, 303, 305, 388.

Tver, battle of, 188.

Tyr, 30.

Tyrol, 6.

U

Ube, River, 206.

Ukraine, 285, 286, 292.

Uleoborg, 358.

Ulf, jarls, 74; 78, 79.

Ulf Gudmundsson, 97.

Ulfhild, 71.

Ulfsson, Jacob, 117, 124, 133.

Ulrica Eleonore, queens of Sweden, 255, 268, 274; 269, 289, 298, 309,
310, 311, 312, 313, 316.

Ulricsdal, 391.

Union, Act of, 4, 92, 93, 94, 101-102, 104, 114, 120, 129, 151,
166-167, 317, 372-374, 393, 395, 420;
nature of the, 419-421, 437;
revision of the, 386, 394-395, 406, 421.

Union government, 420, 438;
defence, 420, 438;
parliament, 420, 438.

Unionism, Unionist party, 110, 111, 114, 120, 121, 122, 123, 130,
393-395, 415-416.

Unitarianism, 325, 412.

United States, 436, 437-438 (see also America);
President of, 434.

Universities, 117, 131, 153, 183, 189, 230, 235, 250, 304, 322, 327,
329, 339, 340-341, 356, 380, 385, 390, 405, 411, 413, 422-423.

Unne, 55.

Upland, 5, 10, 23, 35, 39, 48, 73, 78, 89, 90, 97, 105, 107, 110, 124,
139, 185, 391.

Uppstrœm, A., 137 note.

Upsala, 10, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 51, 68, 71, 74, 107, 120, 131, 134,
139, 142, 143, 147, 153, 157, 161, 175, 183, 201, 235, 240, 262,
264, 304, 322, 323, 329, 330, 331-332, 340, 356, 380, 413;
cathedral, 82, 112;
meeting, 183;
University (see Universities);
University Botanical Garden, 329, 362;
Library, 201, 235;
Observatory, 333;
temple, 59, 60, 68, 71.

Uranus, 324.

Usedom, island of, 205, 229, 312.

Utilitarianism, 337, 432.

Utmeland, 137.

“Utopia Realized,” 427.

V

Vadstena, 98-99, 104, 107, 120, 140, 164, 173, 184, 304.

Værælæ, peace treaty of, 351.

Værend, 29, 58, 66, 72.

Værfvade, 417.

Væringar, 49.

Valdemar of Sweden, 80-84, 89.

Valdemar (kings of Denmark): Seier, 76, 77;
Atterdag, 95, 100.

Valdemar, Prince, 87, 89-91.

Vandals, 47.

Vanlande, 35.

Varanger Bay, 378, 387-388.

Varberg, 167, 168.

Variagi, Varangians, 46-53.

Varinians, 29.

Vasa dynasty, family, 130, 163, 187, 193, 194, 249;
Original line: Krister Nilsson, 108, 110, 130;
Kettil Karlsson, 112-113;
Eric Johansson, 128, 130;
Gustavus Ericsson (see Gustavus I.);
Eric (see Eric XIV.);
John (see John III.);
Magnus (see Magnus, Princes of Sweden);
Charles (see Charles IX.);
Gustavus Ericsson, 172-173;
Sigrid, 172-173, 177;
Sigismund (see Sigismund);
John, Duke (see John);
Charles Philip (see Charles);
Catherine (see Catherine, Countess-Palatine);
Gustavus Adolphus (see Gustavus II. Adolphus);
Christine (see Christine, queens of Sweden);
Polish line, 163, 240;
Sigismund (see Sigismund);
Vladislav, 186, 188, 243;
John II. Casimir, 243-244.

Vasa Renaissance. See Renaissance.

Vasa, town, 360.

Vassili, Czar. See Schuisky.

Vaxholm, fortress of, 197, 418.

Venar, Lake, 5, 69.

Vends, Vendish, 57, 63, 75.

Vennerberg, Gunnar, 389-390, 409, 413.

Verden, 229, 235, 312.

Vermland, 5, 40, 41, 43, 55, 68, 83, 107, 111, 116, 174, 194, 229, 307,
308, 335.

Vessi, 47.

“Verzage nicht,” 215.

Vettar, Lake, 5, 77, 164, 418.

Vexio, 71, 84, 291, 327, 328, 331.

Viborg, fortress of, 88, 118, 292, 312, 351.

Victoria, crown princess of Sweden-Norway, 415.

Vienna, 203, 226, 299;
Congress of, 372-373;
Exposition, 421;
peace treaty of, 405;
siege of, 228-229.

Viken 46.

Viking Age, Vikings, 8, 24, 41, 44-63, 66, 70.

Vilmanstrand, battle of, 316.

Vincentius, Bishop, 128.

Virdar, 29.

Virta, battle of, 358.

Visbur. 35.

Visby, 85, 95, 304.

Visigoths, 236.

Visingsborg, 251.

Visingsœ, 77, 87, 180.

Vistula, 21, 27, 31.

Vitalen, or Victualen Brotherhood, 101.

Vitesjœ, battle of, 195.

Vladimir, St., 51, 52.

Vladislav. See Vasa, Polish line.

Voldgæstning, 86.

Volga, 50.

Volmar, 187.

Voltaire, 347.

Vordingborg, 247.

Vorskla, River, 285, 286.

Vossius, 236-237.

W

Wachtmeister, Hans, 259;
Hans Hansson, 435.

Wahlberg, Edward, 429.

Wallachia, 22, 299.

Wallenstein, 203, 204, 210-218, 221.

Wallhof, battle of, 202.

Wallin, J. O., Archbishop, 381.

Wallis, Curt, 424.

Walloons, 231.

War of Clubs, 184.

Warburg, K., 248.

Warsaw, battle of, 244;
conquest of, 244, 278;
diet of, 278.

Washington, George, 367.

Weibule, M., 424.

Weimar. See Bernhard, Duke of Weimar.

Wendland, 43.

Werben, 206.

Westerbotten, West Bothnia, 5, 16.

Westerlund, Dr., 424.