Chapter XIII (2)

Although both the Viziers in question were quite capable of such a plot, I cannot believe that either pursued the course stated above. To a Moor a document of any sort is a far more important thing than to us, and any one who is acquainted with the Moors knows how extremely difficult it is to obtain any kind of matter in writing. Had such an idea as that stated above entered the minds of Haj Amaati and his brother, and had they formulated any conspiracy to that effect, they would never have been so foolish as to commit themselves to writing, and any communication with the two Shereefs in question would have been made with the aid of a trusted envoy. It was easy to see that one of my informants at least discredited the story he was telling me, which he only knew from official sources. My own opinion is this, that the whole affair was the result of Sid Ahmed’s jealousy, and that he was actuated no doubt also by a feeling that the course he pursued was the safest in the Sultan’s interests—for by removing his own two most dangerous enemies, he at the same time would find further scope for his influence and policy. That the Viziers deserved their fate none can deny. Haj Amaati had impoverished the whole country by his enormous and insatiable greed and black-mail, and his brother had deprived the soldiery of a very considerable portion of their pay.

Immediately the arrests were made the entire property of both—together with that of Sid el Arbi Zebdi—was confiscated, and their houses at Fez seized. Haj Amaati had just completed the building in the capital of a palace second to none there in size and decoration, a block of buildings rising high above the level of the other houses, which will be an eternal landmark of the Vizier’s rise and fall. It had been completed only during his absence in the south with the Sultan, and so much pride did the Vizier take in this new palace that he had ordered all the decorations in stucco and mosaic, of which the Moors are perfect masters, to be draped with linen, so that none should see the general effect before himself. A rope attached to these curtains would allow the entire drapery to fall, when the every beauty of the decoration would be exposed. Within a week of realising this dream of oriental fancy, he was cast into a dungeon, and his house and all his wealth confiscated to the Sultan.

With the fall of the two Viziers it became more apparent than ever that Sid Ahmed meant to be master of the whole situation; but he was wise enough not to attempt alone what could be done equally well, and very probably better, with the advice of trusted counsellors. There were two people at the Court in whose hands might lie the power of treating him as he had treated the others. These two were respectively the Circassian mother of the Sultan, and Sidi Mohammed el Marani, an influential Shereef, who had married the sister of Mulai el Hassen, and into whose hands a considerable part of the upbringing of Mulai Abdul Aziz had been intrusted. Both must be conciliated, for over the Sultan both held great influence—so great, in fact, that should Sid Ahmed’s conduct in any way displease them, their united power might easily persuade the Sultan to dismiss him. Not for this reason alone, however, did Sid Ahmed, as it were, invite these two to join him in a sort of council of regency, for he knew fully well the ability of both and their devotion to his lord and master.

In the hands of these three persons the welfare of Morocco lies. But before entering upon any conjectures as to the future, the history of past events must be continued a little further.

On Thursday, July 19, a start was made from Meknas towards Fez, the army and the governor of the tribes and their escorts having camped the previous night a slight distance outside the town near the Fez road.

Two events worthy of mention had meanwhile taken place at Fez—first, the behaviour of Mulai Omar, the Sultan’s brother and viceroy; and, secondly, the fact that the _enkas_, or local taxation upon all goods sold, had been removed, together with the _octroi_ at the city gates.

With regard to the former a few words must be said. Mulai Omar, who had been left as viceroy by Mulai el Hassen, whose son he was by a slave wife, is a young man of extremely vicious and degenerate habits, nearly black in colour, and with an expression as ugly as it is revolting. While beyond his immorality no actual charge of crime can be laid to his door, he may be said to be incapable of filling the position he held, and to want discretion and common-sense.

It appears—and I knew of the event at the time—that on his learning of the death of his father, he sent to the Jewish silversmiths, by whom all Government work is done, and ordered one of their number to make him a seal. Now in Morocco a seal is an exceedingly important object, and no one uses a seal of office unless it is actually presented to him by the Sultan. So far the story is generally known, but here my version—the true version—differs, for while the European press harped upon the fact that Mulai Omar wished to make himself a seal with the inscription of Sultan upon it, the fact was that the seal was to bear Mulai Abdul Aziz’s name, and that the reason of Mulai Omar’s ordering it to be made was not in order to stamp documents himself as Sultan, but probably to have in his possession a means of forging letters supposed to have come from Court. Whether his idea was by this to make the best of the short period that remained to him as viceroy to amass money, or whether in case of any outbreak or disturbance on the part of the population to be able to forge conciliatory or other letters that would keep them quiet until his brother’s arrival, it is impossible to say. But whatever may have been the desire, the result in the suspicious eyes of his brother was this—that he had attempted by some means to usurp the throne.

However, the seal was never made. The Jew artificer, knowing the penalty that would meet him at the hands of the Sultan were he even the innocent instrument in this, fled and sought the protection of an influential member of the Government, and the affair was knocked on the head at once.

A second charge was also laid at Mulai Omar’s door—that of having ordered the music of the drums and pipes to cease on the occasion of the announcement of Mulai Abdul Aziz’s succession to the throne. On the players refusing, his Highness sent a slave, who enforced silence by splitting up the drums with a dagger. For this act of treason he was afterwards punished by having the flesh of his hand sliced, the wound filled with salt, and the whole hand sewn up in leather. It is a common belief that this punishment causes mortification to set in, and that the hand decomposes; but such is not the case, for by the time the leather wears off the wound is healed, the result being that the hand is rendered useless, and remains closed for ever. It is a punishment not often in use, but is sometimes done in cases of murder or constant theft, as, without in any way injuring the health of the man, it prevents his committing the crime a second time, or for the hundredth time, as the case may be. It is a punishment that cannot be applied except by the Sultan’s orders.

It was no doubt on account of these offences that letters were received by Mulai Omar from the Sultan, forbidding him to leave his house, and placing him under surveillance—a course that was supplemented on his brother’s arrival by chains upon his legs. Meanwhile his Majesty had been pleased to treat his brother, Mulai Mohammed, in Morocco City, in the same manner.

As to the remitting of the local taxes and _octroi_ in Fez, but little need be said. Certain unfriendly remarks had been overheard regarding the new Sultan, and the general tone of the Fez people was not satisfactory. Fearing that an outbreak might occur, and knowing that the avaricious inhabitants were open to no persuasion except money, the Amin Haj Abdesalam Makri, the Chancellor of the Exchequer of Fez, on his own authority, remitted this most unpopular tax, which is contrary to Moorish law. It turned the tide, and the Fez citizen, finding himself a few dollars, or a few pence, the richer, changed front, and was loud in his acclamations of the new Sultan. The charm of the situation was, however, that as soon as the Sultan had safely entered Fez, and was thus securely upon the throne, he instituted once again the tax, and the population rose on the morning of Tuesday, July 24, to find the tax-gatherers returned to their accustomed haunts.

On Saturday, July 21, Mulai Abdul Aziz made his State entry into Fez.

From an early hour all was stir and bustle in the capital, and before the sun had risen the streets were full of long strings of men, women, and children, mounted and on foot, pouring toward the upper part of the city, New Fez, where the entry was to take place. The crowd was large but orderly, and, like all Moorish crowds, silent, though now and again a shout burst forth when some native, gay in colour, galloped along on his richly trapped horse and fired his gun.

Without the city the crowd ranged itself on each side of the road, which was guarded by long lines of troops, the cavalry near the city, and beyond in the plain the infantry.

The Sultan had spent the night at a distance of some six miles away, where the great camp had been pitched, and early as it was when I arrived upon the scene outside the gate of the city, stragglers and troops from the _mahalla_ were already arriving,—wild tribesmen, mounted or on foot, Kaids of districts with their troops of irregular cavalry, mules and camels laden with baggage, black slaves and women. I was soon free of the crowd, and riding slowly along behind the line of soldiers toward the camp.

A murmur passed through the people, and turning to the west, I could see a great cloud of dust appearing above one of the low elevations in the plain.

The morning was lovely; the sun, although scarcely risen, was hot, while a not unpicturesque, though by no means pleasant, addition to the scene was the fine cloud of dust that hung over everything. Soon one was able to distinguish the tops of the gold and coloured banners that preceded the Sultan’s procession, and still nearer the white draped figures of the women, mounted upon mules. Some eighty of these there were, and as their mules were hurried along by the soldier guard, every one, soldier and sightseer, turned away their heads, as etiquette demands. Two women, covered, except for the eyes, in soft white draperies, preceded the rest, and it was easy to guess who they were,—the Circassian mother of the young Sultan and his newly married wife.

Then came the artillery on the back of mules, followed by a troop of bodyguards, handsomely dressed and mounted. After them the band, mounted and discoursing music as they rode. Then again a forest of banners, of every hue and colour, of cloth, velvet, and silk, of gold embroidery and gold brocade,—the sacred flags of the great saints and Shereefs of Morocco.

Behind these rode the Sultan Mulai Abdul Aziz, mounted upon a dark roan horse with cream mane and tail, seated upon a saddle of apple-green and gold embroidery, while over his head, borne by a mounted soldier, waved the umbrella of crimson and gold. He was dressed in white, a fine long _bernus_ hanging lightly over his _haik_ of soft silk and wool. A cord of white silk bound round his head held these two garments in place over his turban.

Mulai Abdul Aziz appeared nervous but dignified. Immovable as a statue, one could not help noticing that his eyes wandered here and there amongst the crowd, as though fearing some attempt upon his life; but even to a greater extent than this was his anxiety apparent in his mouth, for his lips wore a pout, with him a sure sign of excitement. Close at the young Sultan’s elbow rode Bu Ahmed, the Grand Vizier, while following him came a crowd of officials and soldiers.

All rode quickly, stopping every now and again to receive some deputation, or when the crowd caused a block, and the spear-bearers and foot-guard that surrounded the royal horse had often to run. At the gate of the city a long delay occurred, and the crowd pressed on every side, for the entrance is small, and the artillery-mules, in their hurry to push through, had completely blocked the road. I was mounted on an Arab horse and saddle, and dressed in native costume, so that my appearance attracted no attention on the part of the natives, and in the crowd I found myself within a very short distance of the Sultan, whence I was able to obtain an excellent view not only of his face, but of his every feature. Dust-strewn and sunburnt with his summer journey, he looked darker than he really is, for his colour is little more than that of a southern European. The eyes, surrounded with heavy black lashes, are dark. No signs of beard or moustache are traceable on his lip or chin, and altogether he possesses the face of a nice-looking boy, wanting only in vivacity and expression.

Once in the city, the procession broke up, and accompanied only by a trusty band of guards, his Majesty rode to the tomb of his ancestor, Mulai Idris II., the patron saint of Fez, where he took the oath of the Sultanate; and a few minutes later the great gates of the white palace closed upon Mulai Abdul Aziz, Sultan of Morocco.

B.V. Darbishire

_From the Map published by the Royal Geographical Society_

Vincent Brooks, Day & Son Imp.]

INDEX.

* * * * *

Abda, 11.
Abdul Aziz, 40, 42, 43, 265.
„ Aziz, Sultan, 330-379.
„ Kader, Mulai, 298.
Abdullah ben Hoseyn, 145, 186.
„ ben Sessi, 55.
„ el Kamil, 335.
„ Shereef, Mulai, 335.
Abu Aam, 229, 274, 292, 305.
„ Bekr, 17, 18, 31, 52, 326.
Adrar n’Deren, 119.
„ n’Iri, 105, 119.
Africa, 93.
‘Africa,’ Marmol’s, 261.
Afuden Nugelid, 81.
Agdal, 34, 37.
Agorgoreh, 145.
Agurgar, 79.
Agurzga, 123, 124, 126, 127, 132, 142, 318.
Ahl Ferkla, 196.
„ Subah, 269, 270, 285, 287.
Ahmed ben Musa, 341, 364-367, 371.
Ain Sefra, 305.
„ Shair, 305.
Aissaua, 66, 298.
“Aït,” 260.
Aït Ahmed, 148.
„ Akherait, 79.
„ Atta, 92, 167, 168, 203, 208, 211, 212, 214, 266, 268, 285, 287,
305, 311.
Aït bu Gemmés, 167.
„ bu Haddu, 152, 153, 169, 175, 179, 180, 182, 315.
„ bu Hadidu, 266.
„ bu Kanifen, 189.
„ Hammu, 172.
„ Imiger, 68.
„ Isdeg, 196.
„ Ishak, 266.
„ Iunir, 169, 179, 181, 182.
„ Jazzer, 203.
„ Merghad, 196, 199, 216, 220.
„ Minzeru, 123.
„ Mulai Brahim, 189.
„ Robaa, 80.
„ Sakri, 148.
„ Shokhman, 312.
„ Tamuted, 172.
„ u Allel, 172.
„ Yafalman, 196, 219.
„ Yahia, 130, 142, 147, 149, 150-152, 166.
„ Yahia u Ali, 116.
„ Yussi, 84, 95, 100, 146, 303, 331.
„ Zaineb, 114, 115.
Akhliz, 54.
Alcazar, 354.
Algarves, the, 9.
Algeria, 20, 43, 63, 84, 258, 290, 304.
Algerians, 264.
Algiers, 20.
Ali ben Hamdush, 20, 298.
„ ben Yahia, 312.
„ el Derkaui, 24, 110, 298.
„ Shereef, Mulai, 6, 126, 224, 229, 255, 272, 274, 282, 286, 298,
313.
Amaati, Haj, 253, 341, 343, 363, 366, 367, 369.
Amana, 263.
Amazigh, 94, 99, 261, 263, 273, 285.
Anbed, 183.
Anti-Atlas. See Saghru.
Arabia, 102, 286.
Arabs, the, 11, 12, 44, 56, 58, 62-65, 96, 101, 102, 114, 117, 133,
138, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 157, 160, 161, 169, 196, 197, 203,
207, 208, 210, 218, 254, 256, 260, 261, 263, 268, 272, 285, 287,
289, 292, 296, 303, 360.
Arbaa miya, 172.
Arbaa sid Aissa, 68.
Arzeila, 361, 362.
Asif Adrar n’Iri, 75, 79.
Askura, 115, 117, 134-137, 140, 142, 149, 169, 219, 318.
Asrir, 194, 198.
Assaka, 115.
Atlantic, the, 7, 9, 55, 84, 87, 89, 93, 94, 361.
Atlas Mountains, 1, 2, 11, 13, 14, 27, 28, 49, 50-129, 136, 145,
148, 149, 166, 172, 208, 209, 220, 258, 266, 291, 304, 320, 323,
330, 333.
Ayashi, Jibel, 88, 209, 266, 304.
Ayur Nûgûrûmûn, 101.

Bab Dukala, 31.
„ el Khamis, 44, 45.
Baghdad, 298.
Bani, Jibel, 87, 88, 122.
Barbari, 93.
Barbary partridge, 89, 133.
„ wild sheep, 89, 133, 183, 214.
Barth, Dr, 93.
Bashas, 56.
Bauia, 220.
Bel Abbas, Sid, 40, 42, 145.
Beled Ahmar, 11.
Beled el Unja, 222, 295.
Beled Ersdigi, 56.
Belgrul, 7, 122.
Ben Aissa, Sid, 66.
„ Bu Shaib, 255.
„ Nasr, Sid, 145.
„ Nasr, Ulad, 122.
Beni Hassen, 361.
„ Merin, 70, 264.
„ Mgil, 84, 263.
„ Mgild, 84, 89, 100, 281, 303, 331.
„ Miskin, 347.
„ Mohammed, 285, 287.
„ Zerual, 298.
Ber, 93.
Berbers, 4, 6, 27, 54, 56, 60, 62, 64-66, 72, 83-104, 113, 116, 117,
122, 132, 138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 153, 159, 160, 162, 166,
197, 203, 205, 207-209, 212, 215, 218, 222, 223, 256, 260, 261,
263, 269, 272, 285-287, 296, 303, 311, 322, 331, 332, 356.
Bombay, 289.
Brahim, Mulai, 145, 186, 308.
Bu Jhila, Wad, 136.
“Bu Kfus,” 292.
Bu Regreg, 7, 90.
Bu Sba, Ulad, 66.
“Bu Skri,” 292.
Bu Yahia, Sid, 179, 180.

Caillié, Rene, 261, 275.
Carthaginians, 285.
Casablanca, 7.
Chipiez, Perrot and, 103.
Circassian wife, 338, 376.

Dads, 22, 25, 26, 87, 92, 100, 104, 107, 109, 115, 116, 125, 129,
130, 131, 142, 147, 148, 150, 153-178, 183, 185, 187, 192, 198,
200, 207, 210, 213, 219, 291, 315, 317.
Dar bu Zeedu, 345.
„ el Baida, 87, 219, 279, 307, 331.
Dayet ed Daura, 129, 222, 267, 268.
“Debeha,” 98, 173.
Delbel, M., 259.
Demnat, 84, 167, 313, 314.
Derkaua, 110, 177, 198, 298.
Dhu Mansur, 263.
“Dimaan,” 301.
Dlim, Ulad, 12.
Draa, Wad, 87, 90, 99, 100, 111, 115, 119, 122, 125, 129, 130, 142,
145, 164, 197, 209, 227, 287, 305.
Drauia, 100, 165.
Dukala, 253.

Egypt, 93.
Egyptians, 264.
Eid el Kebir, 283, 290, 354, 355.
Eid Soreir, 284.
El Amin, Mulai, 340.
El Araish, 102.
El Arbi el Derkaui, 298, 299.
El Arbi Zebdi, 369.
El Barka, 304.
El Feija, 305.
El Gharbiya, 68.
El Ghorfa, 268, 272.
El Haj Abdesalam Makri, 374.
El Haj ben Said, Mulai, 146, 187.
El Haj el Arbi, 335.
El Haj Mohammed Torres, 3, 352.
El Harib, 305.
El Hassen, Mulai. See Sultan.
El Kasabi, 304.
El Kebir, Jibel, 201, 206.
El Khanek, 266.
El Madani, 107, 113, 138.
El Mansur, 39, 43.
El Megren, 304.
El Meharza, 223, 228, 271, 279, 280.
El Melha, Wad, 54, 55, 111, 112, 114, 222, 268, 271.
El Muiz, 43.
El Ostia, Kabyla, 138.
El Wad, Ras, 119.
Embarka, 22.
Er Ribía, Um, 90, 347.
Ertib, 265-268, 271.
Es Saheli, 304.
Es Sefalat, 268, 270, 272.
Es Sifa, 222, 223, 228, 268, 270, 271, 279, 280, 292.
Esh Shereef, Mulai, 264, 274.

Fabir, 39.
Fadhul Gharnit, Sid, 230, 231, 237.
Fatima, 335.
Fezna, 218, 308.
Ferkla, 194, 196, 200, 201, 211, 216, 311, 312.
Fez, 3, 4, 5, 6, 27, 29, 31, 35, 36, 43, 70, 84, 100, 146, 166, 225,
229, 233, 264, 274, 291, 296-298, 302, 303, 312, 328, 330,
334-337, 344, 354, 357, 360, 361, 374, 375.
Figig, 305.
Filal, 186, 260.
Filelis, the, 70, 264, 289, 335.
F’ki Sinhaji, 342.
Foucauld, M. de, 115, 199.
Fum esh Shink, 306.

Gadaruz, 68.
Gers, 304.
Ghadat, Wad, 68, 70, 71, 75, 77-79, 82, 86, 106, 324.
Gheris, 87, 88, 90, 129, 163, 185, 199, 209, 215, 219, 220, 228,
265-268, 270, 271, 276, 292, 295, 308.
Ghiata, 100, 146.
Ghiralda, 39.
Ghorfa, 273.
Ghresat, W., 127-129, 132, 142, 191.
Ghrlnema, 306.
Gibraltar, 18, 328.
Glawa, 88, 106, 111, 113, 138, 167, 320.
Glawi, 40, 75, 79, 86, 105, 115, 119, 120, 327, 333.
Glissa, Jibel, 41.
Guers, Wad, 266.
Guir, Wad, 304.
Gurlan, 275.

Hamacha, 20, 286, 293, 298.
Hamada, 304, 305.
Hamdush, 21.
Hamitic origin, 94, 147.
Hammu, 110, 178.
Hamza, Sid, 266.
Hannibal, 221.
Haratin, 99, 100, 164, 197, 209, 227.
Harrar, 90.
Hassan, 39, 335.
Hausa, 297.
Hejawa, 356.
Hercules, 189.
Hiyaina, 360.
Hooker, Sir Joseph, 87, 88, 90.
Hoseyn, 335.
Hunot, Mr, 9, 328.

Ibn Khaldun, 263.
„ Yusef, 43.
Idermi, Wad, 100, 115, 125, 130, 167.
Idris, Mulai, 43, 143, 335, 363, 379.
Idu Tizi, 148.
Ifli, Wad, 264, 268, 272, 273.
Ighir, 185, 186.
Igidi, 305.
Igli, 201, 202.
Igurian, Wad, 123.
Imasin, 142, 147, 317, 318.
Imerghan, 113, 115, 132.
Imguna, Wad, 147, 148, 151.
Imin Erkilim, 189, 216, 313.
„ Tanut, 175.
„ Zat, 54, 58, 59.
Imiteghr, 184-186, 190.
Isla de Luzon, 361.
Islef, 311.
Ismail, Mulai, 265.
Ismain, 337, 368.
Iutagin, 172.

Jerf, 219, 220, 222.
Jews, 45, 46, 75, 77, 97-99, 173, 196, 287, 296, 362, 372.
Jibeelet, 12, 56, 87, 121, 122.
Jumma el Fanar, 44.
„ el Makhzen, 33.

Kabyla el Ostia, 138.
„ Mzuru, 138.
Kaid Maclean, 231-236, 249, 257, 307-308, 311, 314, 317, 323. 325.
Kaiseríeh, 30, 123.
Kalá, 87.
Kanadsa, 305.
Kasabi, 304.
Kasba, 30, 33, 45, 106, 107, 111.
Kasba ben Ali, 270.
„ el Hati, 220, 222.
Kasbat el Barania, 270.
Kheneg et Taurea, 115.
Korah, Jibel, 176.
Koreish, 208.
Ksar bel Hassan, 270.
Kus, Wad, 102.
Kutubía, 30, 38, 40.

Laraiche. See El Araish.
Leo Africanus, 263, 289.
Linares, Dr, 5, 238, 258.
Lixus, 102.

Maghrah, 213, 215, 216, 309.
Magil, Ulad, 138.
Majdata, 122.
Marakesh, 4, 10, 11, 15, 19, 25-49, 50, 52, 55, 75, 83, 86-88, 91,
100, 115, 138, 146, 167, 174, 178, 185, 186, 207, 253, 258, 259,
291, 302, 316, 326-328, 330, 332, 342-344, 374.
Marghen, Wad, 106, 111, 114, 320.
Marmol, 261.
Marohsha, 201.
Martinez Campos, General, 333.
Masin, Wad, 67.
Mazagan, 7.
Mdri, Wad, 133-135, 142.
Mecca, 25, 177, 264, 295, 299.
Medaghra, 265-268, 270.
Medina, 31, 33, 42.
Medinat el Aamra. See Sijilmassa.
Mediterranean, 84, 90.
Meknas, 4, 20, 27, 298, 371.
Melilla, 304, 332.
“Mellah,” 45, 46, 77, 173, 174.
Mesgita, 99, 100, 130, 131, 142.
Milaab, 202, 203, 311.
Miltsin, Jibal, 119, 120.
Misfuia, 53, 56, 58, 62, 66, 68.
Mjat, 356.
Mogador, 55, 259, 305.
Mohammed ben Abdullah, 265, 351.
„ er-Rifi, 8, 177, 226, 231, 234, 238, 289, 315.
„ Mulai, 339, 368, 374.
„ Prophet, 20, 41, 142, 143, 145, 208, 299, 335.
„ Sid, 342.
„ Soreir, Sid, 363, 366, 367.
Monabat, 263.
Morocco City. See Marakesh.
Mtrus, 221.
Mtuga, 175.
Mukhtar Jamai, Sid, 342.
Muluya, Wad, 84, 90, 263, 304.
Musa ben Nasr, 263.
“Mzareg,” 97.
Mzuru, Kabyla, 138.

“Neiba,” 99.
Nemours, 304.
Njil, 303, 304.
Numidia, 262.

Omar, Mulai, 358, 371-374.
Oran, 100.
Othman, Mulai, 312.

Paris, 259.
Perrot and Chipiez, 102.
Phœnicians, 96, 102-104.
Portuguese, the, 7, 361.

Rabat, 7, 39, 89, 334, 344, 346, 347, 349, 358, 361, 363.
Rahamna, 56, 62, 79, 87, 121, 122.
Ras el Wad, 119.
Rehal, Sidi, 56, 325.
Reshid, Mulai, 264, 287.
Reteb. See Ertib.
Riff, the, 95, 332.
Riffía, 56, 100.
Riffis, 66, 100, 111.
Rissani, 274, 292.
Rohlfs, Gerard, 261.
Romans, 94, 96, 101, 102, 285.
Rumi, 101, 187, 215, 284, 319.

Saffi, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 22, 50, 55, 56, 223, 316, 328.
Saghru, Jibel, or Anti-Atlas, 87, 102, 122, 126, 128, 130, 131, 134,
150, 151, 166, 172, 183, 186, 189, 190, 200, 209, 214, 215, 219,
285, 301, 305, 311.
Sahara, 1, 19, 96, 99, 102, 151, 261, 262, 297, 298, 313, 331.
Said, Sid, 365.
Satow, Mr E., 352.
Sebaashaabat, 133.
Sebkhat Aamar, 272.
Sebu, Wad, 90.
Seddat, 191, 313.
Seddrat, 147, 166.
Semgat, 222.
Seville, 39.
Shahr el Fukra, 101.
Shauia, 325, 348.
Sheikhs, 46, 72, 74, 75, 308.
Shelha, 56, 99, 100, 107, 142, 165, 261, 319.
Sherarda, 356.
Shereefs, 19, 21-23, 26, 40, 45, 89, 107, 109, 110, 116, 126, 142,
143-145, 148, 152, 153, 156, 176, 187, 188, 206, 242, 270, 274,
285, 286, 292, 312, 315, 318, 319, 334, 336, 354-356.
Shloh, 94, 100, 143, 147, 208, 263, 287.
Shragna, 252.
Sijilmassa, 228, 261, 262, 264-267, 273-275, 283, 300.
Sirua, Jibel, 119, 120.
Somaliland, 90.
Spaniards, the, 332, 361.
Sudan, 27, 297.
Sufru, 5, 233.
Suleiman, Mulai, 299.
Sultan, 1-7, 11, 35, 37, 46, 70, 143, 196, 205, 219, 223, 230-259,
262, 265, 283, 284, 287, 307, 310, 312, 314, 326-329, 330-379.
Sus, 87, 90, 95, 100, 119, 305.
Susía, 100.
Syria, 224.

Tabuassamt, 271.
Tafilet, 5, 6, 7, 22, 26, 40, 50, 60, 70, 83, 87, 107, 110, 112,
129, 138, 146, 149, 167, 174, 177, 179, 183, 186, 191, 197-199,
203, 209, 231-307, 313, 316, 317, 326, 330, 334, 344.
Tagharzut, 303.
Tagnit bu Hammu, 148.
Taieb, Mulai, 298.
“Tamarix senegalensis,” 135.
Tamgrut, 87, 122, 145.
Tamslot, 145, 146, 186.
Tangier, 2, 3, 7, 20, 25, 104, 141, 262, 352, 354, 361, 362.
Tanijiud, 219, 268, 270, 272, 273.
Taurirt, 119, 313.
Tedla, 344, 345.
Teherumt, 122.
Telettin Nugelid, 79.
Teluet, 106, 107, 111, 112, 117, 344.
Tenduf, 305.
Tensift, Wad, 12, 14, 28, 55, 83, 90.
Tetuan, 239.
Tetula, 75, 79, 80, 82, 106.
Thomson, Joseph, 88, 90.
Tialallil, 266.
Tidili, Jibel, 75, 79, 120.
Tifinut, 119.
Tiluin, 190, 199, 215, 218, 309.
Timatruin, 186.
Timbuctu, 27, 305.
Tisgi, 115.
Tizimi, 266, 268-270, 307, 308.
Tizi n’ Telremt, 266, 304.
Todghra, 176, 183, 185, 190, 198, 201, 202, 213, 215, 216, 311,
312, 314.
Trekeddit, Jibel, 148.
Tripoli, 63, 83, 94.
Tuat, 305.
Tugana, 66, 68, 324.
Tuirassin, 113, 115, 117, 142, 319.
Tunisians, 264.
Turks, 264.

Uidan, 55.
“Ulad,” 260.
Ulad ben Nasr, 122.
„ bu Sba, 66.
„ Hanabu, 220.
„ Magil, 138.
„ Yakub, 138.
Ul Turug, 206, 207, 211-213, 309.
Um er Ribía, 90, 347.
Unila, 111-115, 119, 123.
Urika, W., 54-56.

Vandals, 96.
Viziers, the, 3, 222, 234, 239, 242, 243, 250, 334, 341, 346, 348,
350, 358, 363, 364, 370.

Warzazat, 107, 109, 111, 117, 167.
Wazan, 89, 298, 328, 335, 336, 354, 355.
Wergha, Wad, 90.

Yakub, Mulai, 166.
„ Ulad, 138.
Yembo, 286.

Zarahun, 363.
Zarkten, 68, 71, 72, 74-77, 79, 324.
Zauias, 42-44, 55, 87, 152, 175, 176, 179, 266, 299.
Zimmour, 89, 361.
“Zitat,” 97.
Ziz, Wad, 88, 90, 129, 209, 215, 222, 228, 265-269, 270, 273, 275,
281, 283, 285, 287, 292, 304, 307.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.

Transcriber's note:

pg 115 Changed: Thoughout to: throughout
pg 381 Changed: Aissana to: Aissaua
pg 381 Changed: Belgrue to: Belgrul
pg 383 Changed: Dayeled to: Dayet ed
pg 383 Changed: Fegna to: Fezna
Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.