Chapter XLVI

THE BEST BOOKS OF REFERENCE FOR THE TAXIDERMIST AND COLLECTOR.

It is manifestly impossible even to name under this head a tenth part of the excellent books which might well be given place. It is also inexpedient to include in a list, that must of necessity be brief, the names of special works relating to the fauna of other countries than North America. Having been from first to last a diligent user of books in the course of my work, and ever on the alert for something new in printed word or picture that would be of practical use, I will give here the titles of the books that have proven of the greatest practical value to me. I must also in this connection strongly urge the young taxidermist and collector to supply himself with as many of these standard works as he can possibly procure. If diligently studied they are bound to save him from many an error, and richly repay their cost.

GENERAL ZOOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION.

"Steele's Popular Zoology." By Professor J.W.P. Jenks. American Book Company, New York. $1.00.

A model manual; of great value to the student because of its clearness, conciseness, and wealth of information. Copiously and elegantly illustrated.

"Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London;" also "Transactions."

Contains a great number of fine animal plates of much value to professional taxidermists. The series is extensive and very costly, and is therefore usually inaccessible except when it can be reached in some scientific library.

ON MAMMALS.

"Illustrated Natural History: Mammals." Rev. J.G. Wood. Routledge, London, 1861. Price about $4.00. Get the original edition if possible.

This book has been of more help to me than any other I have ever found.

"Quadrupeds of North America." Audubon and Bachman.

Out of print and difficult to obtain, but very valuable.

"The Mammalia, in Word and Picture." By Carl Vogt and F. Specht. Translated from the German by Geo. G. Chisholm. D. Appleton & Co., 1-5 Bond Street, New York, 1890. Super royal 4to. $12.00.

This great work contains the finest illustrations of mammals, both singly and in groups, ever published in any country. The groups represented are wonderfully fine and life-like, and must be seen to be appreciated. No mammal taxidermist can afford to be without this work.

ON BIRDS.

"The American Ornithologist's Union Code of Nomenclature, and Check-List of North American Birds." L.S. Foster, 35 Pine Street, New York City. $3.00.

Indispensable to the American collector, because it is the highest authority on the classification and nomenclature of North American birds. Thanks to this work, it is no longer necessary to take a daily paper in order to keep posted on the latest changes in bird nomenclature. The names adopted by Baird (1858), Coues (1873), Ridgway (1880), and Coues (1882) are all given. No illustrations.

"Key to North American Birds." By Dr. Elliott Coues. Estes & Lauriat, Boston. $7.50.

This great work--indispensable to every ornithologist--consists of a masterly treatise on systematic ornithology and the anatomy of birds, a key by which even the tyro can learn to analyze any American bird and identify it, and also a valuable treatise on "Field Ornithology," or bird-collecting.

"Nomenclature of North American Birds." Robert Ridgway. Sold by F.B. Webster, 409 Washington Street, Boston. $7.50.

Especially designed for use in the determination of species.

"Illustrated Natural History: Birds." Rev. J.G. Wood. Routledge, London, 1861. Price about $4.00. Get the original edition.

To a bird taxidermist this is the most valuable book ever published in a single volume, because of its wealth of excellent illustrations. Of special value in mounting strange foreign birds. Beware of the later editions.

"Studer's Birds of North America." Illustrated by Theodore Jasper. Large royal quarto. Jacob H. Studer, New York. $25.00.

Contains 119 plates, and a colored figure of every species of North American bird known at the date of its publication. A notable work. The illustrations are of great value to young taxidermists as models by which to mount birds.

"Birds of North America." J.J. Audubon.

This superb work is out of print; rare and costly. The octavo edition is to be found in most large libraries, however, and every bird taxidermist should at least know where the copy nearest to him is to be found, and how to gain access to it in time of need.

"Oology of New England." E.A. Capen. Sold by Frank B. Webster, 409 Washington Street, Boston. $8.75.

This is the finest illustrated work on birds' eggs ever published in this country.

ON REPTILES.

"Illustrated Natural History: Reptiles." Rev. J.G. Wood. Routledge, London, 1861.

Uniform with volumes on Mammals and Birds.

ON FISHES.

"American Fishes." G. Brown Goode. Standard Book Co., New York, 1888. $5.00.

An elegant work, of convenient size. Comprehensive and eminently useful. Fully illustrated. No collector or student of American fishes can afford to be without it.

"The Fishery Industries of the United States." Section I. By G. Brown Goode and Associates. 2 vols. Complete and exhaustive, both in text and plates, and very valuable. Government publication. Sold at cost by the U.S. Fish Commission, Washington.

"Introduction to the Study of Fishes." Albert Gunther. A. & C. Black, Edinburgh.

ON INSECTS.

See the end of Chapter XLIV.

ON INVERTEBRATES.

"The Ocean World." Louis Figuier. Cassell & Co., New York. $2.50.

"Recent and Fossil Shells." S.P. Woodward, London. John Weale, 1856. (Apply to Bernard Quaritch, London.)

A very handy and useful manual for the field. Many illustrations. Price about $1.50.

"Structural and Systematic Conchology." Geo. W. Tryon. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. $12.00.

A great work; complete, exhaustive, and richly illustrated.

FOR SUGGESTIONS OF GROUPS OF ANIMALS.

"Homes Without Hands." Rev. J.G. Wood. Longmans, Green & Co., London. Price about $3.00.

"Mammalia in Word and Picture." Specht and Vogt, already described.

MISCELLANEOUS.

"The Sportsman's Library," as advertised by the _Forest and Stream_ Publishing Company, 318 Broadway, New York, contains an attractive and valuable selection of books on subjects of special interest to the sportsman, naturalist, and traveller. It includes books by specialists on such subjects as "Camping and Trapping," "Hunting and Shooting," "Angling," "Boating and Yachting," "Guide-Books and Maps," "Horse," "Kennel," "Natural History," and miscellaneous works. The list, as a whole, is an excellent one to select from.

Of course no one with a spark of interest in hunting and the natural history of the higher vertebrates will be without _Forest and Stream_--a whole sportsman's and naturalist's library in itself,--or _The Field_, or _Sports Afield_. No young ornithologist can get along without his best friend, the _Ornithologist and Oologist_, and it would indeed be rank heresy for the professional bird-man to ignore the stately and infallible _Auk_.

INDEX.

Accessories, artificial, 338-339
natural, 247

Africa, destruction of game in, 2

Agassiz, Professor Louis, 72

"Agassiz Tank," for alcoholic specimens, 72-73

Albatross, 62

_Alces malchis_, 248

Alcohol, preservation of specimens in, 66, 70, 71-75, 83, 127, 202-204

Alcoholometer, 75

Aldrich, P.W., 219

Alectorides, treatment of, 65

Alligators, collecting, 66-68
mounting, 204-206
skeletons of, 293-294

Alum, use of, 32, 45, 51, 61, 68, 115, 162

American Museum of Natural History, 109, 236, 249

Ammonia, use of, 322

Anatomy, caution against detailed external, 112

Antennæ, 332

_Anthrenus_, 336, 341

Apes, treatment of large, 43-45

Apparatus for drying larvæ, 315
for inflating larvæ, 314
for mounting larvæ, 315

Arsenic, use of, 32, 51, 64, 115, 148, 151, 344-345

Arsenic water, 342, 348

Arsenical soap, use of, 32, 45, 51, 61, 65, 68, 118, 132, 148, 162, 167
recipe for making, 346

Artificial branches, 127
foliage in group, 238-239

Attitudes of animals, 111, 121, 171-172, 192, 205
of skeletons, 288

Backgrounds, painted, for cases and groups, 221-222

Bailly, Jules F.D., grotesque groups by, 227

Bath, _see_ Salt-and-alum bath

Batrachians, 202-203

Bats, mounting, on glass, 127-128
mounting skeletons of, 291

Battle in the Tree-tops, 233, 234

Beetles, collecting, in alcohol, 328
frame for mounting, 330

Bird, names of external parts of, 47

Birds, arrangement of feathers on, 182
collecting, best season for, 16
collecting skins of small, 46-57
determination of sex in, 56
groups of, 224, 232, 235, 249-250
mounting large, 191-197
mounting small, 183-190
mounting skeletons of, 287, 292-293
painting mounted, 256
relaxing dry skins of, 179-182
shooting, as a pastime, 18
skeletonizing, 276-278
skinning large, 58-65
wrapping skins of, 53-55

Bison, American, extermination of the, 1
group of, by the author, 234-235, 245, 246
manikin for, 148
mounting the skeleton of, 296
specimens of, collected by author, 234

Blood on specimens, 42, 47, 198, 201

Body, artificial, for birds, 184, 191-192

Bone-scrapers, 286

Books of reference on birds, 352
on fishes, 354
on general zoology, 351
on groups of animals, 355
on insects, 337
on invertebrates, 354
on mammals, 352
in "Sportsman's Library," 355
miscellaneous, 355

Boxes for collecting insects, 323, 324, 332
for exhibiting insects, 335-336
for relaxing skins, 180
for tools, 11

Breeding-cages, 317, 318

Breeding larvæ, 316-319

Brushes for painting specimens, 252

Buffalo, _see_ Bison

Butterflies, breeding larvæ of, 317
collecting, 325, 332

Cages for breeding larvæ, 317, 318

Capybara, 103

Carbon bisulphide, use of, 336, 342

Carbolic acid, use of, 61, 323
crystals prevent mould, 348

Carving wooden skulls and leg bones, 104-106

_Carpocapsa_, 306

Cases of ornamental taxidermy, 220-224

Casts, 21, 25
making moulds and, 259-270
of mammals in the flesh, 268
of fishes and reptiles, 269-270
painting plaster, 257

Cassowary, 61

Cat a difficult subject, 127

Chimpanzee, 43-44

Chloroform, use of, 322, 336

Chelonia, collecting, 68-70
mounting, 206-207

Chloride of lime, 88, 89

Clay, Colonel Cecil, moose collected and presented by, 248

Clay as a filling material, 112-113, 119, 124, 167, 207, 211
preparation of, for use, 113, 148

Cleaning feathers, 65
skins of mammals, 102-104

Clothing and food, 4

Collecting, best seasons for, 16
-boxes for insects, 323-324
by amateurs, 17
eggs of insects, 309-311
fishes, 71-79
insects, 320-327
jar for insects, 321
large mammal skins, 37-45
marine invertebrates, 80-89
nests and eggs, 90-97
reptiles, 66-70
small birds, 46-57
small mammal skins, 24-36
shells, 85-89
specimens for groups, 237, 243-244

Collectors, character of ideal, 3, 46
firearms for, 9, 12
golden rule for, 20
need of skilful, 1-3
outfits for, 8-15

Colors, how to handle, 253-255
kinds of, 252
list of, 23
necessity of recording, 22, 25, 43, 48, 71-72

Coloring soft parts, 113-114, 253-255

Combs, furrier's steel, 36

"Coming to the Point," 221-222

Composition for use in modeling, 347
for snow scenes, 347

Corals, collecting and cleaning, 81-83

Corn meal as an absorbent, 59, 64, 198

Cornell University insect-house, 318

Corrosive sublimate solution, 151, 341, 345

Cotton, use of, in making bird skins, 52-54

Crabs, cleaning and mounting, 217-218

Cranes, 65

Crocodiles, collecting, 66-68
mounting, 204-206
skeletons of, 293-294

Crustaceans, cleaning and mounting, 217-218

Cyanide of potash, 321, 323

Dead game panels, 224

_Dermestes lardarius_, 64, 336, 339
_maculatus_, 340

Designing groups, 237, 243, 244-245

Ducks and their treatment, 64

Ear, treatment of the, 45, 125, 160-162, 167

Echini, collecting and preserving, 84

Eggs, blowing, 95
collecting and preserving, 94-97
removing embryos from, 96

Eggs of insects, 309-311
how deposited, 309-310
how devitalized, 310
how preserved, 310-311

Elephant, prize won by, 141

Elephants, firearms for hunting, 12
preserving skin of, 41

Embryos, removal of, 95, 96

Emu, 61

Enamel varnish, Hendley's, 346

Entomological supplies, 337

Entomology, economic, 306

Envelopes for insects, 328

Excelsior, use of, 147, 148

Expression, 169, 171-172

Extermination, animals threatened with, 1

Eye, treatment of the, 44, 124, 160, 169, 172, 188, 196, 212

Eyes, cleaning glass, 177

Feathers, cleaning, 65, 198-201
distribution of, on bird's body, 182

Felidæ as taxidermic subjects, 171

Filling for dry skins, 33, 52, 60, 166
for necks, 166
skins of mammals, 129, 130, 132, 138
small mammals, 122-125

Finishing a small mammal, 123-127
large mounted mammals, 150-155

Firearms, 9, 12

Fire-screens, feather, 225

Fish medallions, 213

Fishes, cartilaginous, treatment of, 77-78, 214-216
field notes on, 71
museum collections of, 208-209
mounting, 208-216
painting casts of, 257
painting mounted, 256
preserving entire, 73-75
skeletons of, 78, 294
skinning, 76-77

Flamingoes, group of, 232-233

Florida, collecting in, 80-87

Foot, treatment of the, 44, 192, 194

Fossil skeletons, 280

Fraine, Thomas W., 219
fire-screens by, 225

Frogs, grotesque groups of, 227

Furniture of taxidermic laboratory, 100

Furs and peltries, treatment of, 349

Game panels, 224

Garman, Samuel, quotation from, 203

Gasoline, 335

Geese, 64-65

Gelatine moulds, 265

Goode, Dr. G. Brown, 72, 234, 251
"American Fishes," by, 354
"Fishery Industries of the United States," by, 354

Gorilla, 43, 44, 130

Government Museum at Madras, 208

Grease, on skins, 59, 64, 65
removal of, from insects, 335
removal of, from birds, 191-201

Grotesque groups, 227

Group of antelope, 235
of buffaloes, 234-235, 246
of coyotes, 234
of flamingoes, 232-233
of moose, 235, 247
of musk oxen, 235

Groups by European taxidermists, 230, 239
for special exhibition, 239
of birds, 232, 234
of orang-utans, 231, 232

Group-making, general principles of, 237-240
with birds, 249-250
with large mammals, 244-248
with small mammals, 241-244
with reptiles, 250-251

Guides in hunting and collecting, 4

Gum for labels, 348

Hair, treatment of, 126, 127, 150, 169
gluing on, 155-157

Hand of anthropoid ape, 130

Hares, _see_ Rabbits

_Hatteria punctata_, 204

Hawks, group of, by F.A. Lucas, 224

Head, finishing a small mammal's, 124
finishing a bird's, 188

Heads, exhortation to sportsmen regarding, 158
how to cut off, 159
how to skin, preserve, and mount, 159-178

Health, preservation of, 4

Heron, neck of a, 195-196
prize won by F.S. Webster with, 195-196
skins, 59, 60, 65

_Hexanchus griseus_, 214

Holland, Dr. W.J., author of Part V., 61, 305-338
advice from, to insect collectors, 324, 327
collecting-boxes devised by, 323
Japanese insects collected by, 333
"Homes Without Hands," 93

Hornaday, William T., advocacy of painted backgrounds by, 221-223
use of clay by, 112
prizes won by, 141, 222, 233
new method of mounting bats by, 127
development of clay-covered manikin by, 140
method of head-mounting developed by, 163

Hornaday, William T., new treatment of feline tongues by, 174
new method of making ape's hands by, 130-131
new method of mounting fishes by, 211, 213-214
museum groups advocated by, 231, 232, 234
groups of mammals mounted by, 231, 234-235

Human figure in groups, 239-240

Hunting, hints on, 13, 14
the alligator and crocodile, 67

Hygiene, principles of, 5

Ice, artificial, 220

Inflation of larvæ, 312-316

Insect labels, 329, 337
nets, 320
pests, 336, 339-341
pins, 329-330

Insects, boxes for, 335-336
breeding-cages for, 317, 318
carrying-boxes for, 333
classification of, 305-308
collecting perfect, 320-327
collecting-boxes for, 323-324
drying, 333
eggs of, 309-311
effect of light on, 336
house for breeding, 318
killing, best methods of, 321-322
mounts for, 329
mounting, 329-332
mould in collections of, 334-335
pinning, 330-332
poisoning collections of, 336
ravages of, 306
relaxing dried, 334
removing grease from, 335
setting-boards for, 330-331
stuffing, 333

Invertebrates, marine, 80-89
Ward's catalogue of, 81

Iron square, the, 136-137

Irons for necks of mammals, 132
legs of mammals, 130, 131, 145

Javelle water, for skeletons, 287

Jenks, Professor J.W.P., author of "Steele's Popular Zoology," 351

Jesup, Morris K., bird groups ordered by, 235

"Key to North American Birds," 48, 352

"Killing-knife," 15
-jar, for insects, 321

Knives for a collector, 15, 49

Labeling, 23, 72, 94, 97, 387, 348

Laboratory, taxidermic, 99-101

_Lacertilia_, 66, 202-203

_Lamellirostres_, treatment of, 64

Larvæ, breeding and rearing, 316-319
collecting, 311

Larvæ, drying, 315
inflation of, 316
mounting, 315
preparation of, 312
transformation of, 312

Leaves, artificial, 220

Leg-bones, value of, 32, 33, 42

Leg-irons, best attachment for, 136-137
how to prepare and attach, 143-147

Leg-wires, attachment of, in birds, 193

Legs, of large mammals, making, 130-147
of small bird, wiring, 184-186
of small mammals, making, 116-118
treatment of, in skinning, 33, 59, 60, 61

Lepidoptera, 317-318

Ligamentary skeletons, cleaning, 286
mounting, 288

Lion, 171-172

Liquors, hurtfulness of intoxicating, 6

Lizards, 66, 202-204

Lobster, how to clean and mount, 217-218

_Longipennes_, treatment of, 62

Lucas, Frederic A., 69, 219, 223, 276
work in National Museum by, 288
group of turtles by, 250
group of hawks by, 224
wall-cases of birds by, 224

Macerating skeletons, 282-284

Mammals, collecting, best seasons for, 16
gluing hair on mounted, 155-157
groups of large, 231, 234
groups of small, 234, 241, 244
mounting, general principles of, 109-114
mounting groups of, see Groups
mounting heads of, 163-178
mounting medium-sized, 129-134
mounting large, 135-149
mounting small, 115-128
mounting skeletons of, 289-293
painting mounted, 254-255
relaxing dry skins of, 102
skeletonizing, 273-279
trapping and poisoning small, 18
treatment of skins of small, 24-36
treatment of skins of large, 37-45

Manikin, advantages of the, 141, 142
how to construct the best, 142-149
required for largest birds, 193

Maynard rifle, recommendation of the, 12, 13, 15

Medallions, bird, by F.S. Webster, 225
fish, 213

Measurements, of birds, 20, 48, 191
of large mammals, 37-39
of small mammals, 24

Medicines, collector's outfit of, 5, 6

Microscopic slides of insects' eggs, 311

Modeling an open mouth, 172-177
-tools, 173

Monkeys, treatment of, 43-44

Moose, group of, in National Museum, 247

Montana, natural accessories from, 247

Moth, destructiveness of the codling, 306

Moths in museum collections, 340, 341

Mould, in insect collections, 344, 345
precautions against, 61, 348

Moulds, gelatine, 265
making "piece," 259-263
making waste, 263-265

Mouth, expression of the, 171
modeling the, 172

Muriatic acid, use of, 81, 88, 89

Museum, American, 109, 236, 249
British, 235
Comparative Zoology, 202, 203
Government, at Madras, 208
United States National, 97, 109, 209, 221, 234, 235, 241, 251, 270,
343

Naphthaline crystals, use of, 335, 342, 343

Neck irons, 107, 130, 132, 138
treatment of the, 60, 65, 159, 165, 166, 169, 195
of a heron, 195
of a trophy head, 159, 165

Needles, extra long, for sewing manikins, 107

Nests, collecting, 91-93
displaying, 94

Nets for insects, 320

Nose, treatment of the, 44

Nostrils, treatment of the, 169

Notes, field, 22

Oologist, outfit for an, 91
work of an, 90-97

"Oology of New England," 225, 353

_Ophidiæ_, 66, 202

Opossums, group of, 241

Orang utans, groups of, 231, 233
treatment of, 43, 130

"_Ornithologist and Oologist_," 355

Ostrich, 61, 193

Outfit for collecting insects, 320-324
for general collecting, 9
of medicines, 6
for an oologist, 91
for sportsmen and travellers, 11

Outlines of dead animals, 22, 25

Owl, snowy, 192

Packing bird-skins, 56, 61
corals, 82
eggs, 97
insects, 332-333
skeletons, 291.

Painting finished specimens, 170, 218, 252-258
materials, 252
on papier-maché, 155
plaster casts, 257

Papier-maché, how to make, 151-153
rustic case made of, 223
use of, 151, 154, 173, 246

Parasites, 73

Passions, expression of the higher, 171

Pedestals, for skeletons, 292

Pelican, 62

Peltries and furs, treatment of, 349

Penguin, 62

Photographing animals, 21

Pinning insects, 330-332

Plaster Paris as an absorbent, 50-64, 65, 198-201
casts, 21, 25
tablets for reptiles, 202-204
use of, 163-164, 198-201, 220

Plumage, cleaning soiled, 198-201

Poison, effects of, on taxidermist, 344

Poisoning furs and rugs, 344
-jar for insects, 321
mounted specimens and collections, 341
skins and mammals, 32, 110, 148, 151
textiles and skin clothing, 343
wild animals, 18

Polishing hardwood, 348

Principles of bird-mounting, 188-190
of group-making, 237-240, 249-251
of mammal-mounting, 109-114

Proportions of animals, 112

Pulp, paper, 152

Python, 202

Rabbits, mounting, 127

Rats, necessity of guarding against, 33

Ray, author vanquished by a villainous, 215

Rays, treatment of, 77-78, 214-216

Relaxing skins of mammals, 102-104

Reptiles, casts of, by Joseph Palmer, 270
collecting, 66-70
groups of, 250
mounting, 202-207
new method for alcoholic, 202-203

_Rhinobati_, 216

Ribs, attachment of, 298-299

Richardson, Jenness, groups of birds by, 236, 249, 250
preservation of evergreens by, 221

Rocks, artificial, 228-229

Rugs, 227

Salometer, use of the, 30, 31

Salt, use of, 30, 33, 162

Salt-and-alum bath, 30, 31, 102, 115, 127

Saurians, 66-68

Saw-fish, 214-215

Scapula, attachment of, 302

Screens, feather fire-, 225

Sea-eggs, 84
-porcupines and -urchins, 84

Serpents, 66, 202, 293

Setting-boards for insects, 330

Setting-needle, 332

Sewing skins, hints on, 106

Sex in birds, determination of, 56

Sharks, 77
difficulties in preserving, 214, 215

Shells, cleaning, 87-89
fresh-water, 83
land, 85
"living" and "dead," 85
marine, 83

Shooting, hints on, 13, 14

Shot-gun, use of the, 14, 15

Shields for trophy heads, 170

Shrinkage in mounted specimens, 150, 214

Skeletons, bleaching, 283
collecting, 271-279
cleaning by macerating, 282-288
fish, 78, 294, 295
field-work on small mammal, 273-275
fossil, 280
mounting large disarticulated, 296-303
mounting small, 288, 295
packing, 279
repairing damaged, 272
"rough," 271
selection of, 271
snake, 66
tools for mounting, 303
various methods of cleaning, 282, 285, 287

Skeletonizing birds, 276-278
cetaceans, 279
fishes, 78
mammals, 273-279
reptiles, 278

Sketching from nature, 3, 4, 21, 22, 71

Skin, superfluous folds of, 134, 149, 167

Skins, cleaning bird-, 181, 182
cloth lining for old, 182
making alcoholic fish, 76-78
making alligator and crocodile, 66-68
making dry mammal, 32-36
making large bird, 58-65
making small bird, 47-50
relaxing bird-, 179-181
shrinking power of, 214-215

Skinning apes and monkeys, 43
crocodilians, 67
deer's ear, 161
fishes, 76
large birds, 58-65
large mammals, 39-42
and preserving mammal heads, 40, 159, 162
sharks, etc., 77
small birds, 47-50
small mammals, 26-29
reptiles, 66-70
turtles, 69

Skulls, how to dispose of small, 34
value of, 32

Snakes, 66

Snow, artificial, 220

Society of American Taxidermists, 141, 163, 196, 222

Space in groups, 238

Specimens, half-spoiled, 31
selection of, 20

_Sphargis coriacea_, author's struggle with, 206

_Sphenisci_, treatment of, 62

Spirits, use of, _see_ Alcohol

Sponges, collecting and cleaning, 81-82

Squirrels, groups of, 242, 243

Star-fishes, collecting and preparing, 83

Steam, use of, 200

"Steele's Popular Zoology," 47, 351

_Steganopodes_, 62

Straw, use of, 129, 132, 133, 205, 207

Struthiones, treatment of, 61

Strychnine, 18, 345

"Sugaring" to capture insects, 326

_Suidæ_, 103

Swan, 64, 65

Sweat-box, for relaxing skins, 180

Table groups, 224

Tail, wiring the, 118, 132
attitude of, 126, 172
treatment of a bird's, 54, 190

Taxidermy, ornamental, 219-229, 250
possibilities in, 149, 222, 224, 250
common faults in, 109

Taxidermist, 53
materials necessary for, 100-101
requirements in successful, 104, 108, 154
tools necessary for, 100

Taxidermists, Society of American, 231
organization of, 232
exhibitions of, 227
gifts by, 219
prizes awarded by, 141, 195, 222, 223, 224
productions of, 219

Teeth, how to clean, 176, 206

Temperance, value of habits of, 6

Thread, 168

Tiger, facial expression of, 171-172

"Till the Doctor Comes," 6

Tin, sheet, in ears, 167

_Tinea_, 340

Tongue, treatment of the, 174-176, 206

Tools, for bird taxidermist, 183
for general taxidermist, 100

Tools, for oologist, 91
for professional collector, 9
for traveller and sportsman, 11

Tow, use of, 147, 187, 207, 211

Trappers, directions for, 344

Trapping mammals, 19

Turpentine, use of, in cleaning feathers, 65, 198-201
in painting, 114

Turtles, collecting, 68-70
mounting, 206-207
skeletons of, 294

Umbrella, use of, in catching insects, 321

Varnish cutter, 347
Hendley's enamel, 346

Wall cases, 220-223

Ward, Professor Henry A., 226, 234
first large mammal group ordered by, 232

Ward, Henry L., West Indian seals collected by, 2

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 136, 204, 231

Water, artificial, 220

Wax, use of, in mouth modeling, 176-177

Webster, Frederic S., 189, 204, 219, 228, 232, 233
bird medallions by, 225-226
prize won by, 195, 224
"Wounded Heron," by, 224

Weight of animals, 39

Wickersheimer solution, 347

Winding a mounted bird, 189-190

Wing, treatment of the, 59, 188

Wings, spread, mounting birds with, 194

Wire, how to anneal iron, 116

Wire supports for mammals, 131
supports for birds, 183

Wiring a bird, 184-186
a small mammal, 116-120

Wood duck, by F.S. Webster, 233

GEORGE H. SOWDON. FREDERIC S. WEBSTER. (Formerly of Washington.) SOWDON & WEBSTER, 738 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, EXPERTS IN THE PREPARATION OF Zoological Material.

Our new firm will now successfully compete with the best establishments of a similar kind in this country.

We are ready to furnish and prepare

=Groups of Mammals and Birds,=

for museums and the trade; also, =heads= of large game,
=artistic articles= for household ornament and utility, such as
=picture groups=, =panels=, =screens=, and many original
novelties in fur and feather, unique in design,

=ALL OF WHICH WILL BE ABSOLUTELY MOTH PROOF!=

Mr. Webster's long professional experience and reputation as an expert taxidermist is well known and established. Under his personal superintendence of the large trained force employed by us in this important branch of our business, the very best work obtainable is guaranteed.

=WE ARE ALSO MANUFACTURING FURRIERS.=

With Mr. Sowdon's 30 years experience in the trade, we offer a
full line of

=Fur Garments, Animal Rugs, Robes and Fine Furs of every
description.=

We carry a full line of fur stock, raw and dressed. With competent designers, fitters and cutters, our patrons are assured of good fitting and well-made garments at reasonable prices. Correspondence solicited.

In Mounting Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Fishes,

ENTERPRISING TAXIDERMISTS WILL

··USE GOOD GLASS EYES··

THAT ARE TRUE TO NATURE IN SHAPE, COLOR, AND SIZE.

The best procurable are those made by

DEMUTH BROTHERS,

89 Walker Street, New York.

Manufacturers of FINE GLASS EYES of every description,

from life studies of living animals.

WHITE CORNERED EYES for the larger animals a specialty, and eyes are made to order on short notice when colored sketches are furnished.

The attention of American taxidermists is called to the fact that for eight years past our glass eyes have been used exclusively by Mr. Hornaday in all the animals mounted by him and under his direction in the U.S. National Museum, and reference to him as to the quality and cost of our goods is hereby made, by permission.

Send for our price-list and diagram of sizes.

WE ALSO MANUFACTURE

GLASS SHADES of all shapes and sizes for the protection of
mounted birds, flowers, wax fruit, etc.

SCIENTIFIC GLASSWARE of every description.

GAUGE TUBING AND CYLINDERS, for Distillers,
Brewers, etc.

All kinds of glass work done to order. Established 1862. The oldest and best firm on the continent in the manufacture of Artificial Eyes and Glass Shades. Catalogue free upon application, and careful attention given to mail orders.

Glass Factory on Newtown Creek, near Penny Bridge, Brooklyn, E.D., New York.

STANDARD·SPECIALTIES

IN

MUSEUM HARDWARE.

The undersigned manufactures the Patent Brackets and Racks for adjustable shelves (Fig. 1), also Patent Monitor Locks (Fig. 2). These are arranged for all styles of Museum and Book Cases, French Windows, etc. Adopted and recommended by the principal Museums in the United States. Special new and improved machinery for cutting and polishing Minerals, Petrified Wood, etc., by steam or foot power, on hand or furnished to order (Fig. 3).

Full information given on application to

ELISHA T. JENKS.

Middleborough,

Plymouth Co.,

Mass.

_The Best are the Cheapest._

THE · UNRIVALLED · SUPERIORITY

OF THESE

_Museum Case Locks_,

_Brackets and Racks_,

is fully attested by their adoption and general
use in such Institutions as the following:

Smithsonian Institution,
United States National Museum,
Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Peabody Museum, Cambridge.
Boston Society of Natural History,
College of New Jersey, Princeton.
Yale College, Vassar College,
Brown University,
Peabody Academy of Science,
College of Charleston, S.C.,
and many others.

IN MAKING UP YOUR

Groups of Mammals, Birds and Reptiles,

ORDER ALL YOUR

Artificial Leaves, Plants and Vines,

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,

FROM

PELLETIER & CO.,

Successors to C. PELLETIER,

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS,

(ESTABLISHED 1856,)

135 Wooster Street, New York.

For the last eight years we have supplied the U.S. National Museum with all the artificial leaves used by Mr. Hornaday in his animal groups, and refer to him by permission. The most of the leaves thus used were made to order, on short notice and at reasonable prices, from samples furnished us. Fine leaves and tropical plants are our specialty. Let us know your wants, and we will supply them promptly, and to your satisfaction.

_OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO MUSEUM BUILDERS._

C. DORFLINGER & SONS,

GLASS MANUFACTURERS,

White Mills, Wayne Co., Penn.

NEW YORK OFFICE: 36 MURRAY STREET.

ANATOMICAL AND SPECIMEN JARS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION A SPECIALTY.

Our Jars are used largely by the Smithsonian Institution and United States National Museum, and give such satisfaction as is found only in first-class productions.

SKINS OF
MAMMALS, BIRDS,
REPTILES, ETC.

We have always on hand a large assortment of well prepared =Skins for Taxidermists=, also finely mounted specimens of native and foreign =Mammals=, =Birds=, =Reptiles=, =Fishes=, =etc.=

_Catalogue 150 pages._ _Price 30 cents._

MOUNTED HEADS,
OF
DEER, ELK, MOOSE, CARIBOU, BUFFALO, ELEPHANT,
AFRICAN ANTELOPE, ETC.

Also HEAD SKINS AND ANTLERS. Custom work done in Taxidermy, and in preparing and mounting skeletons.

WARD'S
Natural Science Establishment,
ROCHESTER, N.Y.

Minerals, Rocks, Fossils, Casts of Fossils, Geological Relief Maps, Models and Diagrams, Archæological Specimens, and Birds' Eggs.

Skins and Skeletons of Animals, Invertebrates, Crustaceans, Shells, Corals, etc., Anatomical Models, Human Skeletons, Skulls and Skeletons of Races, etc.

WRITE FOR CIRCULAR.

Taxidermists: Naturalists:

Before you can properly understand the practice of Taxidermy, it will be necessary to engage in the work, and attain efficiency by actual practice. To accomplish the best results, it is of vital importance to have the proper tools and materials. Poor tools and materials produce poor results. See to it then, that you are amply provided, and before you purchase, write us for our 24 page Catalogue, devoted entirely to =SUPPLIES FOR THE NATURALIST.=

We can not only supply any and all of the materials named in the preceding pages, but we can also supply you with

BIRDS' EGGS, BIRDS' SKINS,

MOUNTED BIRDS AND MAMMALS,

AND

LAND AND MARINE CURIOSITIES,

of which we carry thousands of specimens in stock. We specially desire to call your attention to our line of supplies for the

Ornithologist, Oologist, Entomologist,
Botanist and Taxidermist,

Such as =glass eyes= of fine grades, =leaves and grasses= for case decorations, =tools= of all kinds from a skinning knife to an engine lathe, =collecting paraphernalia=, and a large line of =books= treating on Natural History.

ALSO PUBLISHERS OF THE

_ORNITHOLOGIST AND OOLOGIST._

The only periodical in this country treating directly on matters of special interest to the Field Collector. Price, $1.00 per year.

Frank Blake Webster Company,

MUSEUM AND SUPPLY DEPOT,

HYDE PARK, MASS.

Office: 409 WASHINGTON ST., BOSTON, MASS.

FOREST AND STREAM

ROD AND GUN.

You may go shooting and get no game, or fishing and catch no fish; but you cannot buy a copy of the _Forest and Stream_ (this week or next week or any week) without finding it brimful of capital sketches of shooting and fishing, and papers on natural history and sportsman's travel and experiences, and discussions of yachting and canoeing. A paper for men.

_Forest and Stream_ believes in the recreation found in the haunts of deer and grouse, and trout and bass. It believes in the common sense that calls a halt in business drive and professional grind, for a holiday with gun, rod, and paddle--if only afterward to drive the faster and grind the harder. It is a journal for those who love the country and life out of doors. It reflects the spirit and records the experiences of the great army of outers. If you have any sympathy with these things, the _Forest and Stream_ is just the paper you would like to have come into your home every week. Send for a specimen copy (free on mention of this book), or $4.00 for a year's subscription. Sold by all newsdealers.

_BOOKS FOR SPORTSMEN AND NATURALISTS._

We make a specialty of books on

NATURAL HISTORY, ANGLING, SHOOTING, WOODCRAFT,
YACHTING, CANOEING, THE DOG, AND OUTDOOR
LIFE, RECREATION, AND STUDY.

Send for our free illustrated _Catalogue of Forest and Stream Books_

FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING COMPANY,

No. 318 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

TWO YEARS IN THE JUNGLE.

The Experiences of a Hunter and Naturalist in India,
Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo.

By WILLIAM T. HORNADAY,

Chief Taxidermist U.S. National Museum.

One vol., 8vo, pp. xxii. 512, two folding maps and 51 illustrations.
Price, $3.00.

THE EXPEDITION AND ITS OBJECT.

The author relates the experiences of a hunter and naturalist in India, Ceylon, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo; and certainly no richer hunting-ground could be found anywhere else in the world. Mr. Hornaday is chief taxidermist in the United States National Museum. He was formerly connected with Professor Ward's Natural Science Museum of Rochester, N.Y., and his expedition to the East was in the interests of that establishment. While his book is in some respects like such works as those which Du Chaillu and Sir Samuel W. Baker have written to delight and interest a multitude of readers, he has imparted a vast amount of information, a large part of which is new and of the greatest moment to the naturalist.

Mr. Hornaday started from New York in 1876. From England he went finally south to India, arriving at Bombay; he went across country to Benares; from here he made an expedition to the north to Cawnpore and Agra. From Benares he worked his way to Calcutta, journeyed down the Bay of Bengal to Madras; southward again, he made a complete circuit of Ceylon, than to the Malay Peninsula, and finally to Borneo, where his adventures with the oran-gutan were met, ending his two years of fruitful and entirely successful search. The illustrations are many, and most of them are taken from Mr. Hornaday's own sketches. Though it may seem to be stating much, it certainly may be truly said that a more interesting book of travel and adventures was never published.

"Decidedly the most interesting and instructive book of travel and adventure in the East Indies it has ever been our good fortune to read."--_Baltimore News._

"An entertaining volume.... The author has proved his ability to write a good book of travel."--_Morning Post_ (London).

"To the naturalist, Mr. Hornaday's book cannot but be as deeply interesting as to the sportsman and traveller.... It deserved to be distinguished from among the mass of books of sporting adventure."--_Melbourne Argus._

"One of the most entertaining and instructive books of its kind that has been published."--_San Francisco Post._

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes

Obvious punctuation and spelling errors repaired.

In the table "RECOMMENDATIONS IN REGARD TO HUNTING WITH THE RIFLE."
on page 14, column heading "Best distance.", had to be changed to
"Best dist." for space requirements.

In ambiguous cases, the text has been left as it appears in the
original book. In particular, many mismatched quotation marks have
not been changed.

Inconsistent hyphenation has been repaired.
corn-meal changed to cornmeal
some one changed to someone
over night changed to overnight
well polished changed to well-polished
well aimed changed to well-aimed
well seasoned changed to well-seasoned