Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Notes

Italics text has been transcribed _between underscores_. Small
capitals have been replaced with ALL CAPITALS.

More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text.

The eye--it cannot choose but see.

--_Wordsworth._

TECHNIQUE
OF
EYE DISSECTIONS

BY

FREDERIC A. WOLL, Ph.D.,

_Associate Professor, Department of Hygiene, College of the
City of New York; Optometry Courses, Columbia University;
Member of New York State Board of Examiners in Optometry;
Honorary Member: American Optometric Association; State
Societies--Alabama, California, Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine,
Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island; Local Societies--Lehigh
Valley Society of Optometrists, Mahoning Valley Optometrists’
Society, and Optometrists’ Club of Brooklyn_.

_SECOND EDITION_

NEW YORK
FREDERIC A. WOLL
1924

COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY
FREDERIC A. WOLL
_Printed in the United States of America_
First Edition, July, 1914
Second Edition, April, 1924

SCHLUETER PRINTING CO., NEW YORK

DEDICATION

THIS LITTLE BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH AFFECTION
AND ESTEEM TO MY FIRST TEACHER
IN OPTICS, MY FRIEND FOR YEARS

ANDREW JAY CROSS

WHOSE RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF APPLIED
OPTICS HAS WON FOR HIM RECOGNITION
AND HONOR

CONTENTS

PAGE

Preface 13

Introduction 17

Removal of Hyaloid Membrane with Contents and Attachments Intact 25

Canal of Petit, The 35

Interior of the Eye, The 38

Posterior Half, The 40

Optic Nerve, The 47

Anterior Half, The 49

Iris, The 51

Cornea, The 52

Crystalline Lens, The 53

Choroid, The 62

Retina, The 74

Sagittal or Vertical Section of the Eye, The 86

Papilla, Puncta Lacrimalia, and Nasal Duct, The 92

Meibomian Glands and Ducts, The 96

Enucleation of the Orbital Contents, The 97

Ophthalmoscopic Examinations 106

Lacrimal Ducts, The 112

Lacrimal Gland, The 114

Capsule of Tenon, The 115

Superior Oblique Muscle and its Pulley 117

Other Extrinsic Muscles, The 118

Three Tunics of the Eye, the Hyaloid and its Attachments, The 120

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

0. Brain showing eyes with muscles removed, optic nerves, and
chiasm _Frontispiece_

1. Glassware and tools 22

2. The first cut 28

3. How the point of the scissors is kept away from the underlying
tissues 29

4. Half of the sclerotic separated 30

5. Picking up the choroid 31

6. Emptying the eye of its contents 32

7. Isolated hyaloid, contents and attachments intact 33

8. Petit’s Canal 36

9. Cutting eye into anterior and posterior sections with
safety-razor blade 39

10. Posterior half showing retinal vessels and choroid 40

11. Showing network of vitreous 42

12. Tearing retina away from posterior half of eye 44

13. Posterior half of eye with retina removed 45

14. Excavated posterior half of eye 46

15. Split optic nerve 47

16. Ciliary processes and the lens 48

17. How to pull off vitreous 50

18. Processus Zonuloe 54

19. Onion-like layers of lens removed 56

20. Cross section of lens 57

21. Lenses showing the results of different kinds of treatment 60

22. Puncturing the cornea 63

23. Removing the cornea 64

24. How to separate the choroid from the sclerotic 65

25. Cutting away the separated sclerotic 67

26. Scraping the choroid free from the sclerotic 68

27. The isolated choroid 69

28. Inserting scalpel to loosen lens and cut through vitreous 70

29. Taking out lens and “core” of vitreous 71

30. Squeezing out remaining part of vitreous 72

31. Cutting through the iris 75

32. Cutting around the ciliary ring 76

33. Lens, iris, and part of vitreous removed 77

34. How to force blowpipe into the vitreous 78

35. Bulging out of vitreous caused by blowing air through glass
blowpipe 79

36. Showing vitreous removed 80

37. Folding the retina by blowing air at it through blowpipe 81

38. Suspended retina. Sclerotic ready to be cut away 82

39. Showing sclerotic nearly all cut away 83

40. Isolated retina 84

41. The beginning of the cutting of the eye for sagittal sections 87

42. Method of cutting through the crystalline lens 88

43. Cutting through cornea to complete the sagittal sections 89

44. Sagittal section enlarged 90

45. Part of calf’s head showing knitting needles inserted in
puncta 93

46. Course of knitting needles showing the course of the
canaliculi 94

47. Initial cuts to be made in the skin 98

48. First cut in bones of orbit 99

49. All the cuts to be made in bones of orbit 100

50. How to pry bone loose 101

51. Dissecting close to bones of orbit 102

52. Excavated orbit 103

53. Anterior view of enucleated eye 104

54. Side view of enucleated eye. All parts _in situ_ 104

55. Enlarging pupil for ophthalmoscopic inspection 107

56. How to get rid of the pucker in the cornea 108

57. Window cut in the eye 110

58. Pins inserted in lacrimal ducts 112

59. Capsule of Tenon blown up 115

60. Showing the extrinsic muscles of the eye 118

61. Cutting through the iris 120

62. Scraping ciliary processes free. Choroid cut around ciliary
ring 121

63. Cutting away choroid 122

64. Three tunics, hyaloid, and lens 123