Chapter V: Preface (5)

The time of flowering in Central Texas has been taken as the basis for listing the plants according to seasonal distribution. Quite frequently the season in North Texas will be a month later than that of Central Texas, and in South Texas it will be a month earlier. Hence it may be necessary to consult the lists for adjoining seasons if the desired plant is not found in the first list to be checked. Some plants, especially many herbaceous perennials on the western plains, have flowering seasons in both spring and fall; others bloom throughout the warmer months after heavy rains. If a plant cannot be located in the fall list, the spring list should be consulted.

The month of April shows the greatest profusion of flowers in nearly all parts of the state. At some of the wild flower exhibits held at the University of Texas, nearly 500 species from Central and Southeast Texas have been shown at one time. Therefore the reader is warned not to expect to find every flower he picks up among the 257 illustrations given in these pages.

The plants are listed in the following color groups: red and orange, pink and rose, blue, white, yellow, purple, and green. Under white flowers are grouped those delicately tinted with green, yellow, blue, pink, or lavender. Blue flowers are seldom a true blue but are usually a combination of blue and purple which may be interpreted by some people as blue and by others as purple. Hence if a plant considered as blue-flowered cannot be found in the blue list, then the purple list should be consulted.

FINDING LISTS

The reader may find the following distribution of pages and symbols helpful in identifying plants:

2-16 Mostly lily-like, succulent plants.
17-91 Petals of flowers usually not united.
92-151 Petals usually united into tubular, bell-shaped,
funnelform, or salverform corollas.
152-193 Composites: many tubular flowers, often of two types,
growing in a head-like cluster.
P Prairies.
Pc Coastal prairies.
Ps Sandy prairies.
Pb Blackland prairies.
L Limestone hills.
W Woods and thickets.
Wo Post oak woods.
Wp Pine woods.
M Water or moist places.
C Chaparral.
T Trans-Pecos or mountainous region.

(See map p. xvi)

AIR PLANTS

Spanish moss
Ball moss

WATER PLANTS

RED
Iris, 15
PINK
Pogonia, 16
Smartweed, 18
BLUE
Iris, 15
Water lily, 24
Nama, 111
WHITE
Arrowhead, 2
Spider lily, 12
Water lily, 24
Violet, 74
Water pimpernel, 93
Water pennywort
Water mist-flower
Bur-head
YELLOW
Spatterdock, 24
Water lily, 24
Buttercups, 27
Pitcher-plant, 39
Sedum, 40
Water primrose, 79
Bur-marigold
Bladderwort
Yellow-eyed grass
PURPLE
Water hyacinth, 6
Pickerel-weed, 6
Iris, 15
Bladderwort
Mud-plantain

SHRUBS OR SMALL TREES

RED
Buckeye, 68
Indigo plant, 54
Coral bean, 58
Flame acanthus, 139
Bouvardia, 144
Coral honeysuckle, 145
Mexican apple, 71
PINK
Prairie rose, 42
Redbud, 47
Dalea, 55
Pavonia, 73
Mexican buckeye
BLUE
Texas mountain laurel, 51
WHITE[2]
Yucca, 9
Rose, 41
Dewberry, 43
Mesquite, 45
Yaupon, 67
Dogwood, 85, 86
Tree-huckleberry, 92
Mexican persimmon, 94
French mulberry, 118
Honeysuckle, 146
Mist-flower, 153
False willow, 166
YELLOW
Agarita, 30
Buckeye, 68
Huisache, 44
Retama, 50
Porophyllum
Sea ox-eye
Flourensia
Gymnolomia
Damiana
Creosote bush
Yellow elder, 138
PURPLE
Texas mountain laurel, 52
Walking-stick cactus, 81
Cenizo, 131
Desert willow, 138
Dalea, 55
Eve’s necklace

EARLY SPRING

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Buckeye, 68-W
Poppy mallow, 72-P
Copper mallow, 70-Pb
PINK AND ROSE
Mexican buckeye, L, T
Redbud, 47-W, L
Pink prairie star, 98-Ps, M
Least bluet, 143-Ps
BLUE
Anemone, 25-W, P
Mountain laurel, 52-L
Small bluet, 143-Ps, M
Lobelia, 151-Ps
WHITE
Anemone, 25-W, P
Acacia, C
Blackfoot daisy, 169-L, P
Dwarf white aster, 163-W, Ps
Spanish bayonet, 9-CT
Peppergrass, 36-P
Crow-poison, 8-P
Whitlow-grass, 36-P
Chickweed, Ps, W
Violet, 74-M, Pc
YELLOW
Agarita, 30-LC
Scrambled eggs, 35-P
Huisache, 44-C
Buckeye, 68-W, L
Small squaw-weed, P
Tansy mustard, 37-P
Dwarf flax, 61-Ps
Golden puccoon, 114-Pb
Bladderpod, 37-P
Four-nerved daisy, 181-P, L
Big squaw-weed, 187-Ps
Lindheimer’s daisy, 170-Pb
Huisache daisy, 182-Ps
PURPLE
Anemone, 25-W, P
Mountain laurel, 52-LC
Ground plum, 56-Pb
Purple wood-sorrel, 62-W
Poppy mallow, 72-Pb
Violet, 74-Wp, M
Small bluet, 143-Ps
Venus’ looking-glass, 150-P

SPRING

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Buckeye, 68-W
Poppy mallow, 72-Pb
Copper mallow, 70-Ps
Red star-mallow, 70-P
Cross-vine, 138-Wp
Coral bean, 58-W
Leather flower, 29-W
Standing cypress, 104-Wo
Paint brush, 132-Ps
Red sage, 126-W
Gaura, Ps
Beard-tongue, 137-Wo
Indian blanket, 183-Pb
Sand-bur, 51-Pb
Red-brown iris, 15-M
Coral honeysuckle, W
Butterfly weed, 100-Wo, Ps
Scarlet pimpernel, 93-Ps
PINK AND ROSE
Sensitive briar, 46-Pb
Purple paint-brush, 131-Pb, L
Wild onion, 8-Pb
Pogonia, 16-M
Prickly poppy, 32-Ps
Pink milkwort, 164-W
Pink buttercup, 81-Pb
Pink prairie star, 98-Pc, M
Prairie phlox, 110-W
Lemon mint, 121-M
Baby’s breath, 144-Pb
Purple coneflower, 175-W, L
Sand verbena, 19-Ps
BLUE
Carolina larkspur, 25-W
Celestial, 13-P, Wo
Bluebonnet, 53-P, L
Blue gilia, 105-P, L
Spiderwort, 4-Pb, W
Dayflower, 5-P, W
Psoralea, P
Blue-eyed grass, 14-P, W
Blue Beard-tongue, 137-P
WHITE
Larkspur, 25-Pb
Wild rose, 41-Pb, W
Dewberry, 43-W
Blackberry, 43-W
Poppy mallow, 72-Pb
Beggar’s ticks, 90-Pb
Camomile, 185-W, Ps
Prairie lace, 87-Pb
Death camass, 7-Pb
Beargrass, 9-P, T
Spanish bayonet, 9-CL
Arrowhead, 2-M
Chickweed, 23-Ps
Peppergrass, 36-P, W
Violet, 74-W, M, Pc
Dogwood, 85-W
Cornel, 86-W
Rain-lily, 10-W, P
Spider-lily, 11-M
Ladies’-tresses, 16-M, W
Angel trumpet, 20-P
Prickly poppy, 32-33-P
Greggia, 38-T
White milkwort, 64-Pb, L
Plantain, 142-P
Baby’s breath, 144-L, Pb
Honeysuckle, 146-L, T
Blackfoot daisy, 169-L, Pb
Dwarf white aster, 169-P, W
Lazy daisy, 162-Ps
Fleabane daisy, 162-W, Pc
Lamb’s lettuce, 147-Pb, L
Lobelia, 151-Pc
Rabbit tobacco, 167-P
Nodding thistle, 191-W
Water pimpernel, 93-M
Farkleberry, 92-W
Gaura, 84-P
Evening primrose, 81-P
Mexican persimmon, 94-L
Yaupon, 67-W
YELLOW
Wild dill, 91-Pb
Two-leaved senna, 48-Pb, L
Retama, 50-M
Bush pea, 53-Wo, P
Niggerhead, 173-Pb
Englemann’s daisy, 171-Pb
Tansy mustard, 37-P
Coreopsis, 178-Ps, Pc
False coreopsis, 179-Pb
Buttercups, 27-M
Evening primroses, 79-P
Square-bud primrose, 83-Pb, L
Flutter-mill, 82-L
Coneflower, 174-P
Blackeyed Susan, 174-Ps
Flax, 61-P, L
Yellow star grass, 11-Wp
Pitcher-plant, 39-M
Mexican poppy, 34-P
Bladderpod, 37-P
Stonecrop, 40-L, P
Dwarf blue-eyed grass, 14-M
Squaw-weed, 187-Ps
Ground cherry, 130-W, P
Wild balsam, 148-W, Pb
Huisache daisy, 182-Ps
Indian blanket, 183-Ps
False dandelion, 193-Pb
PURPLE
Leather flower, 29-W
Marsh leather flower, 29-Pc
Milk vetch, 57-Pb
Climbing vetch, 57-Ps
Poppy mallow, 72-Pb
Wood-sorrel, 62-W
Purple paint-brush, 131-Pb, L
Blue sage, 127-Pb, L
Texas sage, 127-Pb, L
Ground cherry, 130-Pb
Large beard-tongue, 135-P, L
Small beard-tongue, 134-W, Pc
Toadflax, 134-P, W
Venus’ looking-glass, 150-P
Lobelia, 151-Pc, Ps
Purple coneflower, 175-W, L
Purple thistle, 190-P, M
Purple dandelion, 192-Pb, L
Spiderwort, 4-P, W
Dayflower, 5-L, M
Wild hyacinth, 6-M
Pickerel-weed, 6-M
Wild onion, 8-P
Blue-eyed grass, 14-P, W
Virginia iris, 15-M
Rose poppy, 32-P
Stork’s bill, 59-L, Pb
GREEN
Milkweed, 100-P

LATE SPRING AND SUMMER

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Copper mallow, 70-Pb
Leather flower, 29-W
Standing cypress, 105-Wo
Paint-brush, 133-Ps
Red sage, 126-W
Gaura, 84-Ps
Beard-tongue, 137-Wo, T
Indian blanket, 183-Pb
Sand-bur, 51-Pb
Coral honeysuckle, 146-W
Devil’s bouquet, 20-P, L
Bouvardia, 144-T
Anisacanthus, 139-T, L
PINK AND ROSE
Sensitive briar, 46-P
Pink prairie rose, 42-W
Pogonia, 16-M
Grass pink, 16-M
Rouge plant, 21-W, L
Prickly poppy, 32-P
Pavonia, 73-L
Pink buttercup, 81-P
Mountain pink, 95-L
Phlox, 107-110-L, P, W
Baby’s breath, 144-Pb
Purple coneflower, 175-W, L
Star thistle, 189-Pb
BLUE
Giant iris, 15-M
Water lily, 24-M
Blue flax, 60-Pb
Prairie sage, 126-Pb
Blue gilia, 105-L
Harebell, 151-T
Dwarf blue aster, 163-W
WHITE
Wild rose, 41-W, Pb
Milfoil, 186-W, P
Poppy mallow, 72-Pb
White gilia, 105-Ps
Camomile, 185-W, Ps
Prairie lace, 87-Pb
Mesquite, 45-P, W, C
Parthenium, 176-P
Soapweed, 9-P
Yucca, 9-P, L, T
Arrowhead, 2-M
Peppergrass, 36-P
Heliotrope, 113-P
Cornel, 86-W
Rain-lily, 10-W, P
Spider-lily, 10-M
Angel trumpet, 20-P
Prickly poppy, 32-P
Greggia, 38-T
Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps
Bull nettle, 65-Ps
Moonseed, 31-W
Nuttallia, 75-Ps
Milkwort, 64-Pb, L
Dodder, 102-P
Tie-vine, 103-P
Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L
Honeysuckle, 146-L
Blackfoot daisy, 169-Pb, L
Dwarf white aster, 169-W, Ps
Lazy daisy, 162-Pb
Fleabane daisy, 162-Pb
Milfoil, 186-W, Pb
Ragweed, 176-P
Water pimpernel, M, L
French mulberry, 118-W
Horsemint, 125-Ps
Gaura, 84-P
Evening primrose, 81-P
PURPLE
Leather flower, 29-W
Prairie clover, 55-P, L
Milk vetch, 57-P
Climbing vetch, 57-P
Phlox, 107-110-P, W
Giant iris, 15-M
Water hyacinth, 6-M
Prickly poppy, 32-P
Loosestrife, 78-P, M
Bluebell, 97-P
Phacelia, 111-112-L, P
Skullcap, 119-W, P, L
Verbena, 117-W, P
False dragon-head, 120-M
Nightshade, 128-P
Ground cherry, 127-P
Paint-brush, 131
Desert willow, 138-T
Tansy aster, 165-P
Purple thistle, 190-P
Star thistle, 189-P
Purple dandelion, 192-P
Pennyroyal, 121-P, L
YELLOW
Two-leaved senna, 48-Pb, L
Partridge pea, 49-Ps
Wild dill, 91-Pb
Retama, 50-M
Golden parosela, 55-L
Bush pea, 53-W, P
Yellow-elder, 138-T
Engelmann’s daisy, 171-Pb
Spiny-leaved aster, 161-P, T
Thyme-leaf, 184-Ps, T, L
Niggerhead, 173-Pb
Coreopsis, 178-Pb
False coreopsis, 179-Pb
Yellow nightshade, 129-P
Ground cherry, 130-W
Yellow sleepy daisy, 160-Ps
Bitterweed, 182-P
Indian blanket, 183-Ps
Squaw-weed, 187-T
Zinnia, 170-P
Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L
False dandelion, 193-P
Coneflower, 174-P
Blackeyed Susan, 174-Ps
Sunflower, 177-Pb
Orange sunflower, 177-Ps
Paper flower, 180-P, T
Bahia, 181-T
Four-nerved daisy, 180-P, T, L

SUMMER

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Copper mallow, 70-P, T
Standing cypress, 105-Wo, T
Trumpet creeper, 138-W
Leather flower, 29-W
Red sage, 133-W
Gaura, 84-Ps
Indian blanket, 183-P, Wo
Devil’s bouquet, 20-P
Bouvardia, 144-T
Anisacanthus, 139-L, T
Butterfly weed, 100-Wo
Turk’s cap, 71-W
PINK AND ROSE
Dwarf four o’clock, 19-P, T
Rouge plant, 21-L, W
Talinum, 22-P, L
Pavonia, 73-L
Mountain pink, 95-L
Baby’s breath, 144-P, L
Marsh fleabane, 168-M
Rose aster (Polypteris), P, W
Loosestrife, 78-M
Smartweed, 18-M
BLUE
Water lily, 24-M
Prairie sage, 126-Pb
Blue sage, 127-Pb, L
Harebell, 151-T
Bluebell, 97-P, M
Nama, M
WHITE
Grandfather’s beard, 28-L, T
White gilia, 105-Ps
Mesquite, 45-P
Parthenium, 176-P
Stenosiphon, P, L
Yucca, 9-T
Arrowhead, 2-M
Heliotrope, 113-Ps, L
Rain-lily, 10-P, W
Spider-lily, 11-W, M
Prickly poppy, 32-P
Bull nettle, 65-Ps
Moonseed, 31-W
Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps
Nuttallia, 75-T, Ps
Dodder, 102-P, M
Tie-vine, 103-P
Snow-on-the-mountain, 66-P, L
Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L
Parthenium, 176-P
YELLOW
Retama, 50-M
Golden parosela, 55-L
Niggerhead, 173-Pb
Yellow elder, 138-T
Spiny-leaved aster, 161-Pb, T
Thyme-leaf, 184-P, T
Coreopsis, 178-P
False coreopsis, 178-Pb, L
Evening primrose, 79-Ps
Wild gourd, 149-Pb
Broomweed, 157-P
Indian blanket, 183-P
Sleepy daisy, 160-Ps
Camphor daisy, 158-P
Bitterweed, 182-P
Squaw-weed, 187-T
Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L
Zinnia, 170-P
Sunflower, 177-Pb
Paper flower, 180-P, T
Bahia, 181-T
Four-nerved daisy, 181-T
Nuttallia, 75-P, T
Horsemint, 123-Ps
Purslane, 22-P
Copper lily, 11-L, Pb
PURPLE
Leather flower, 29-W
Prairie clover, 55-P
Wood sorrel, 62-Pb, L
Water hyacinth, 6-M
Blazing star, 155-P, W
Eryngo, 89-Pb
Horsemint, 125-Pb
Bluebell, 97-P, M
Morning-glory, 103-P
Verbena, 117-P
Tansy aster, 165-P, T
Blue sage, 127-Pb, L
Nightshade, 128-P
Ground cherry, 130-P
Desert willow, 138-T
Wild petunia, 141
Ironweed, 152-P, W, L
Polypteris, P, W
Diapedium, L

LATE SUMMER AND EARLY FALL

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Copper mallow, 70-P
Trumpet creeper, 138-W
Unicorn plant, T
Red sage, 126-W
Gaura, 84-Ps
Devil’s bouquet, 20-P
Bouvardia, 144-T
Anisacanthus, 139-T
Turk’s cap, 71-W
PINK AND ROSE
Smartweed, 18-M
Four-o’clock, 19-P, T
Rouge plant, 21-W, L
Pavonia, 73-L
BLUE
Water lily, 24-M
Prairie sage, 126-P
Mistflower, 153-W, M
Blue sage, 127-P, L
Nama, 111-M
WHITE
Grandfather’s beard, 28-L, T
White gilia, 105-Ps
Mesquite, 45-P
Parthenium, 176-P, T
Crow-poison, 8-P
Arrowhead, 2-M
Heliotrope, 113-P
Rain lily, 10-P, W
Ladies’ tresses, 16-P
Buckwheat, 17-Ps
Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps
Bull nettle, 65-P
Moonseed, 31-W
Nuttallia, 75-P, T
Tie-vine, 103-P
Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L
Blackweed, 164-P, M
Resin willow, 166-W, M
Thoroughwort, 153-M, L, W
Frost-weed, W, M
Parthenium, 176
Asters, 164-W, M
YELLOW
Retama, 50-M
Thyme-leaf, 184-P, T
Two-leaved senna, 48-L, Pb
Nuttallia, 75
Broomweed, 157-P
Camphor daisy, 160-Ps
Bitterweed, 182-P
Squaw-weed, 187-T
Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L
Zinnia, 170-P
Sunflower, 177-Pb
Paper flower, 180-P, T
Bahia, 181-T
Four-nerved daisy, 181-T
Copper lily, 11-L, Pb
Partridge pea, 49-Ps
Goldenrod, 155-W, M
Big gumweed, 159-Pb
Iron flowers, 161-W, P, T
Maximilian’s sunflower, 178-P
Barnyard daisy, P
Gumweed, 158-P, L
PURPLE
Wood-sorrel, 62-Pb, L
Blazing-star, 155
Blackweed, 164-P, M
Wild petunia, 141-W, P
Desert willow, 138-T
Purple nightshade, 128-P
Blue sage, 138-Pb, L
Water hyacinth, 6-M
Pickerel weed, 6-M
False purple thistle, 89-Pb
Morning-glory, 103-P
Verbena, 117-Pb
Ironweed, 152-P, M
Gerardia, P, W, M

FALL

RED AND ORANGE-RED
Copper mallow, 70-P, T
Trumpet creeper, 138-W
Red sage, 126-W
Anisacanthus, 139-T
Turk’s cap, 71-W
PINK AND ROSE
Parosela, L, T
Smartweed, 18-M
Rouge plant, 21-W, L
Pavonia, 73-L
Marsh fleabane, 168-M
Polypteris, P, W
Blazing star, 155-P, W
Four-o’clock, 19-W, P
BLUE
Mist flower, 153-W, M
Blue sage, 127-P, L
Prairie sage, 126-Pb
WHITE
Crow-poison, 8-P
Heliotrope, 113-P, W
Rain-lily, 10-P, W
Ladies’-tresses, 16-P
Buckwheat, 17-Ps
Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps
Parthenium, 176-P
Milkwort, 64-P
Tie-vine, 103-P
Blackfoot daisy, 169-Pb, L
Asters, 164-P, W
Blackweed, 164-P
Thoroughwort, 153-W, M, L, T
Frostweed, W, M
Ragweed, 176-P
YELLOW
Broomweed, 157-P
Camphor daisy, 160-Ps
Bitterweed, 182-P
Squaw-weed, 187-T
Zinnia, 170-P
Sunflower, 177-Pb
Paper flower, P, T
Bahia, 181-T
Four-nerved daisy, 181-T
Goldenrod, 155-W, M
Iron flowers, W, P, T
Maximilian’s sunflower, 178-P
Barnyard daisy, P
Gumweeds, 158-P, L
PURPLE
Tansy aster, 165-P
Asters, 164-W, P, M
Blazing star, 155-W, P
Wild petunia, 141-W, P
Purple nightshade, 128-P
Blue sage, 138-Pb, L
Morning glory, 103-P
Verbena, 117-Pb
Gerardia, P, W, M
Polypteris, P, W

INDEX

A
Abronia, 19
Abutilon, 69
Acacia, 44, xiv
Acanthaceae, 139-141
Acanthus family, 139-141
Achillea, 186
Acleisanthes, 20
Actinella, 181
Adam’s needle, 9
Aesculaceae, 68
Aesculus, 68, xiv
Agarita, 30
Agave, 10
Ageratum, 153
Agrito, 30
Alismaceae, 2
Allionia, 19
Allium, 8, xiv
Alsinopsis, 23, xv
Amaryllidaceae, 10
Amaryllis family, 10
Amblyolepis, 182
American star thistle, 189
Ammiaceae, 87
Amphiachyris, 157
Amsonia, 99
Anemone, 25
Angel’s trumpet, 20
Anisacanthus, 139
Anthemis, 185
Aphanostephus, 162
Apocynaceae, 99
Argemone, 32
Arrowhead, 2
Artemesia, 185
Asclepiadaceae, 100-101
Asclepias, 101
Asclepiodora, 100
Aster
Dwarf blue, 162
Dwarf white, 163
Golden, 161
Late purple, 165
Roadside, 164
Spiny, 164
Tansy, 165, xiv
Yellow, 161
Astragalus, 56
Atamosco, 11, xv
Azalea, 92

B
Baby blue-eyes, 111
Baby’s breath, 144
Baccharis, 166
Bahia, 181
Ball moss, 3
Balmony, 135
Balsam, 148
Baptisia, 53, xiv
Barberry family, 30
Barometer bush, 131
Barrel-cactus, 77
Basket flower, 189
Bean, tepary, 57
Beard-tongue, 135
Beargrass, 9
Beggar’s ticks, 90
Bellflower family, 150
Berberis, 30, xiv
Bergamot, 122
Berlandier, 108, vii
Bifora, 87
Bignonia, 138, xiv
Bindweed, 103
Bird-of-paradise, 49
Bird’s nest carrot, 90
Biscuits, 39
Bitterweed, 182
Blackberry, 43
Black-Eyed Susan, 174, 179
Blackfoot daisy, 169
Blackgum, 86
Blackweed, 164
Bladder-pod, 37
Blazing star, 154
Bluebell, 29, 97, 151
Bluebonnet, 53
Blue-curls, 112
Blue-eyed grass, 14
Blue-flag, 15
Blue gentian, 97
Blue marsh lily, 97
Blue star, 99
Bluets, 143, 144
Blueweed, 177
Borage family, 113
Borraginaceae, 113
Bosque blue gentian, 97
Bouvardia, 144, xiv
Brauneria, 175, xiv
Brayodendron, 194, xiv
Brazoria, 120
Brazos Mint, 120
Brookweed, 93
Broomweed, 157
Buckeye, 68
Buckwheat, 17
Buckwheat family, 17
Buena mujer, 75
Buffalo-bur, 129
Buffalo-clover, 53
Bull nettle, 65
Bumble-bee bush, 129
Bunch moss, 3
Bush pea, 53
Buttercups, 27, 79-84
Butterfly weed, 101
Button snakeroot, 89, 154