Chapter XLIX: Appendix: F

Weights and Measures

Mathematical Notation

Exponents immediately follow the ^ symbol throughout this appendix.

Mathematical Power Name

10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion

10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion

10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion

10^9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion

10^6 or 1,000,000 one million

10^3 or 1,000 one thousand

10^2 or 100 one hundred

10^1 or 10 ten

10^0 or 1 one

10-^1 or 0.1 one-tenth

10-^2 or 0.01 one-hundredth

10-^3 or 0.001 one-thousandth

10-^6 or 0.000 001 one-millionth

10-^9 or 0.000 000 001 one-billionth

10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one-trillionth

10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one-quadrillionth

10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 00 one-quintillionth

Metric Interrelationships

Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers).

Prefix Symbol Length, weight,
or capacity Area Volume

exa E 10^18 10^36 10^54

peta P 10^15 10^30 10^45

tera T 10^12 10^24 10^36

giga G 10^9 10^18 10^27

mega M 10^6 10^12 10^18

hectokilo hk 10^5 10^10 10^15

myria ma 10^4 10^8 10^12

kilo k 10^3 10^6 10^9

hecto h 10^2 10^4 10^6

basic unit - 1 meter, 1 meter^2 1 meter^3
1 gram,
1 liter

deci d 10-^1 10-^2 10-^3

centi c 10-^2 10-^4 10-^6

milli m 10-^3 10-^6 10-^9

decimilli dm 10-^4 10-^8 10-^12

centimilli cm 10-^5 10-^10 10-^15

micro u 10-^6 10-^12 10-^18

nano n 10-^9 10-^18 10-^27

pico p 10-^12 10-^24 10-^36

femto f 10-^15 10-^30 10-^45

atto a 10-^18 10-^36 10-^54

Equivalents

Units Metric Equivalent US Equivalent

acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet^2

acre 4,046,856 4 meters^2 4,840 yards^2

acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles^2,
kilometers^2 statute

are 100 meters^2 119.599 yards^2

barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons

(proof spirits, US) 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons

(beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons

bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks

cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms

chain (surveyor's) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet

cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters^3 128 feet^3

cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US)

degrees, Celsius (water boils at 100 multiply by 1.8 and add 32
degrees C, freezes at to obtain degrees F
0 degrees C)

degrees, Fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide water boils at 212 degrees
by 1.8 to obtain F, freezes at 32 degrees F)
degrees C

dram, avdp. 1.771 845 2 grams 0.0625 5 ounces, avdp.

dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy

dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid

fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet

foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches

foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards

foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles, statute

foot^2 929.030 4 centimeters^2 144 inches^2

foot^2 0.092 903 04 meters^2 0.111 111 1 yards^2

foot^3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons

foot^3 0.028 316 847 meters^3 1,728 inches^3

furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards

gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid

gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid

grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces, avdp.

gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces, avdp.

hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches

hectare 10,000 meters^2 2.471 053 8 acres

hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avdp.

hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avdp.

inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet

inch^2 6.451 6 centimeters^2 0.006 944 44 feet^2

inch^3 16.387 064 centimeters^3 0.000 578 7 feet^3

inch^3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry

inch^3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid

kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds, avdp.

kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles, statute

kilometer^2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres

kilometer^2 1,000,000 meters^2 0.386 102 16 miles^2,
statute

knot (1 nautical 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour mi/hr)

league, nautical 5.556 kilometers 3 miles, nautical

league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute

link (surveyor's) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches

liter 0.001 meters^3 61.023 74 inches^3

liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry

liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid

meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards

meter^2 10,000 centimeters^2 1.195 990 yards^2

meter^3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards^3

micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches

mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch

mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles, statute

mile^2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers^2 1.325 miles^2, statute

mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs

mile^2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section

mile^2, statute 2.589 988 11 0.755 miles^2, nautical
kilometers^2

minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid
or one-sixtieth of a dram

ounce, avdp. 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains

ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid

ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains

pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches

peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry

pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains

pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry

pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid

point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches

pound, avdp 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avdp

pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy

quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry

quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid

quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp.

rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards

scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains

section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers^2 1 mile^2, statute
or 640 acres

span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches

stere 1 meter^3 1.307 95 yards^3

tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons

teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons

ton, long or 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avdp. deadweight

ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avdp.

ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 32,150.75 ounces, troy

ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters^3 100 feet^3

ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avdp.

township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers^2 36 miles^2, statute

yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet

yard^2 0.836 127 36 meters^2 9 feet^2

yard^3 0.764 554 86 meters^3 27 feet^3

yard^3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons

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