Chapter XII

DEFENSES OF THE HORSE, CRITICAL SITUATIONS.

A lady's horse should be gentle, well-trained, and possess
no vice.--Shying, and its treatment.--Shying sometimes due
to defective vision, and at other times to
discontent.--Balking, and its treatment.--Backing, and its
treatment.--Gayety.--Kicking, and its remedy. An attention
to the position and motions of the horse's ears will
determine what he is about to do.--Plunging; bucking; what
to do in these cases.--Rearing, and the course to be
pursued.--Running away, and the course to be
pursued.--Unsteadiness of the horse while being mounted,
and how to correct it.--Stumbling, and its treatment.--What
to do when the horse falls.--Remarks concerning the use of
the whip and spur.--Be generous to the horse when he yields
to his rider. 271

ADDENDA.

Thirty-four points necessary to be learned, and to be well
understood by equestriennes.--Conclusion. 301

GLOSSARY 313

INDEX 319

ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIGURE PAGE

1. HEAD OF ARABIAN STEED 24

2. HEAD OF LOW-BRED HORSE 24

3. WIDTH OF LOWER JAW IN THE THOROUGH-BRED 26

4. WIDTH OF THE LOWER JAW IN THE LOW-BRED 26

5. OBLIQUE SHOULDER 27

6. STRAIGHT OR UPRIGHT SHOULDER 28

7. ENGLISH SADDLE 69

8. STOKES' MODE OF GIRTHING THE SADDLE 77

9. VICTORIA STIRRUP 79

10. SPRING-BAR FOR STIRRUP-LEATHER 79

11. LENNAN'S SAFETY STIRRUP 80

12. LATCHFORD'S SAFETY STIRRUP 81

13. CHIFNEY BIT 84

14. THE COMBINATION BIT 85

15. DWYER'S CURB-BIT 86

16. THE BIT ADJUSTED 90

17. LADY READY TO MOUNT HER HORSE 104

18. LADY READY TO DISMOUNT 110

19. CORRECT SEAT FOR A LADY (_Back view_) 119

20. CORRECT SEAT FOR A LADY (_Side view_) 124

21. CROOKED POSITION IN SADDLE (_Miss X._) 129

22. CROOKED POSITION IN SADDLE (_Mrs. Y._) 133

23. INCORRECT POSITION OF LEGS AND FEET (_Side view_) 136

24. INCORRECT POSITION WHEN LEGS AND FEET ARE WRONGLY
PLACED (_Back view_) 137

25. SNAFFLE-REINS; ONE IN EACH HAND 149

26. SNAFFLE-REINS; BOTH IN THE LEFT HAND 153

27. DOUBLE BRIDLE; ALL REINS IN THE BRIDLE-HAND 162

28. DOUBLE BRIDLE; A SNAFFLE AND A CURB REIN IN EACH HAND 166

29. THE WALK 185

30. THE TROT 205

31. ENTERING UPON THE CANTER WITH THE RIGHT LEG LEADING 225

32. THE FLYING GALLOP 243

33. THE STANDING LEAP--RISING 251

34. THE STANDING LEAP--DESCENDING 259

35. THE HORSE 299