Chapter I: Introduction: 9

I. TWO POINTS OF VIEW 17

II. THE U. S. INDIAN OFFICE IN 1913 25

III. THE INDIANS TODAY AND HON. E. E. AYER’S REPORT 31

IV. THE OJIBWA OF MINNESOTA 45

V. THE LEGAL COMPLICATIONS AT WHITE EARTH—THE DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE 57

VI. THE WHITE EARTH SCANDAL 66

VII. SOME INDIAN TESTIMONY AND AFFIDAVITS. SICKNESS 77

VIII. THE ROLL. STORIES. RESPONSIBILITY FOR WHITE EARTH 89

IX. THE SIOUX AND THE MESSIAH CRAZE 99

X. THE DANCE 111

XI. THE AGENCY; THE GOVERNMENT; LOUIS SHANGRAUX AND THE
TROOPS 118

XII. THE DEATH OF SITTING BULL AND A TRAGEDY AT WOUNDED KNEE 123

XIII. THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES 133

XIV. CAPTAIN GRAYSON’S VIEWS; MISS BARNARD’S WORK; THE MINORS’
ESTATES 148

XV. WHAT IS LEFT OF INDIAN PROPERTY IN OKLAHOMA 157

XVI. THE LEASING SYSTEM; CHOCKTAW AND CHICKASAW; FINAL
RECOMMENDATIONS 164

XVII. RED CLOUD. THE GREATEST INDIAN OF MODERN TIMES 173

XVIII. RED CLOUD’S LATER YEARS 181

XIX. SITTING BULL—THE IRRECONCILABLE 190

XX. EDUCATION 200

XXI. WHY SOME INDIANS OBJECT TO SENDING CHILDREN TO SCHOOL,
AND FURTHER COMMENTS ON EDUCATION 211

XXII. THE APACHE, PAPAGO AND PUEBLO. THE DESERT INDIAN 219

XXIII. THE CAREER OF GERONIMO 233

XXIV. THE NAVAHO 241

XXV. INDIANS OF THE NORTHWEST 253

XXVI. HEALTH OF THE INDIANS 1880 TO 1912 265

XXVII. THE INDIAN’S RELIGION; HIS CHARACTER; PHILANTHROPIC
ORGANIZATIONS 279

XXVIII. IRRIGATION PROJECTS 291

XXIX. THE BUFFALO 299

XXX. THE PLAINS INDIANS FIFTY YEARS AGO AND TODAY 311

XXXI. THE INDIANS OF CALIFORNIA 325

XXXII. A STATISTICAL TABLE. PREPARED BY MEN AND WOMEN IN THE
FIELD 341

XXXIII. FARMING AND STOCK-RAISING. INDIAN FAIRS 359

XXXIV. FOUR IMPORTANT BOOKS 367

XXXV. OFFICIAL VIEWS OF INDIAN CONDITIONS 378

XXXVI. RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FROM FIELD WORKERS 387

XXXVII. THE COMMUNISTIC LIFE. INDIAN MEN AND WOMEN OF PROMINENCE.
MORALITY 399

XXXVIII. TWO STORIES. UNWISE PURCHASES 407

XXXIX. GENERAL COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS 417

XL. CONCLUSIONS 423

INDEX 435

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Frontispiece. Red Cloud (Makh-piya-luta). War Chief of all
the Sioux

Arthur C. Parker. Iroquois. State Archaeologist of New York 19

Indian Home, Onondaga Reservation, New York 21

Map showing Country, 1879 Opp. 24

Modern Indian Home 30

Government Sawmill, Ft. Belknap Reservation, Montana 34

Map showing Country, 1913 Opp. 34

U. S. Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma 37

Lewis Tewanima, a Full-blood Hopi Indian 38

James Thorpe. Educated at Carlisle 39

Honorable Gabe E. Parker, Choctaw 46

Buildings, Pine Point, White Earth, Minnesota 48

Ojibwa, blind from Trachoma, Pine Point, Minnesota 52

Indian School Children in Uniform, Pine Point, White Earth,
Minnesota 55

James Bassett, Full-blood Ojibwa in Tribal Costume 58

Dispossessed Ojibwa at Rear of Agency Buildings 61

Group of Thirty Persons constituting Linnen-Moorehead Force,
White Earth Investigation, 1909 64

Ojibwa Chief, Ke-way-din, Pine Point, White Earth
Reservation, Minnesota 72

Evicted Indians, Twin Lakes, White Earth Reservation,
Minnesota, 1909 73

Rose Ellis. Full-blood Ojibwa 78

Ojibwa Graveyard, White Earth, Minnesota 92

Modern Sioux Cabin and Summer Tent, Pine Ridge, 1909 104

Government School Buildings, 1909 106

Sioux Farming. White Clay Creek, Pine Ridge, 1909 108

No Water’s Camp of Ghost Dancers, 1890 110

Ghost Dance at No Water’s Camp 114

The “Indian Gate”, Pine Ridge, 1890 122

The Catholic Mission near Wounded Knee Battlefield, Pine
Ridge 126

Monument in Memory of the Chief Big Foot Massacre, Sioux 131

Cherokee Female Seminary at Talequah, Oklahoma 138

Chief Plenty Coups Opp. 143

Cherokee Male Academy near Talequah, Oklahoma 146

Shack of a Poor Creek Indian, Oklahoma, 1913 155

Old-style Cabin, 1850–1890. Cherokee. Oklahoma 158

Chief Keen-Fa-Chy addressing the Council Opp. 168

Red Cloud and Professor Marsh 176

Jack Red Cloud Opp. 180

The Hide Hunter’s Work, 40,000 Buffalo Hides, Dodge City,
Kansas. 1876 182

The Last Arrow Opp. 188

Dr. Charles A. Eastman, Sioux 202

Class in Agriculture, Chilocco Indian School 208

Improved Indian Home in the Southwest 215

Pima Home, Arizona 222

The Voice of the Water Spirits Opp. 226

Indian Buildings of Recent Construction 228

Southern Ute, Colorado 231

Geronimo 234

Pomo Woman Weaving a Twined Basket, California 239

Navaho Silversmith and His Outfit 244

Red Goat and His Mother, Navaho, 1902 246

Navaho Winter Hogan 250

Modern Indian House, Oklahoma 251

Exhibit of Grain, Vegetables and Fruits, Bead-work and
Baskets 256

Indian Pack Train in the Mountains 259

The Challenge. Nez Perce Warrior 262

Sanitorium School, Fort Lapwai, Idaho 266

Aged Woman now nearly blind from Trachoma 269

A Tuberculosis Patient 272

National Indian Association Hospital at Indian Wells, Arizona 275

Indian Cabin, North Dakota 276

Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapaho 278

Navaho Woman Weaving a Blanket 290

Navaho Home, New Mexico 294

Rincon Reservation, Mission Indians, California 297

U. S. Cavalry attacking Black Kettle’s Village 302

The Hide Hunter 306

Creek Church and Camp-meeting Ground 309

Oglala Woman Opp. 314

Better Class of Full-blood Indians of Thirty Years Ago 320

Linguistic Stocks in California 328

Colored Blanket (title on plate) Opp. 343

Leupp Hall, Students’ Dining Room. Chilocco Indian School,
Oklahoma 362

Indians Receiving Instruction in Plumbing. Haskell Institute,
Kansas 364

Navaho Summer Hogan 365

A Full-blood Sioux Girl, 1888 370

Seminole Indian Houses and Cyclone Cellar, Oklahoma 374

Indians Commercial Department 376

Class in Domestic Arts. Haskell Indian School, Kansas 382

Mourning the Dead 385

Conference of Indian Y. M. C. A. Students at Denver, Colorado 386

Creek Man and Woman cutting Wood, Sylvian, Oklahoma, 1913 393

Alaskan Indian Children 396

Portrait of Bay-bah-dwun-gay-aush 398

The Last Outpost Opp. 403

Large Indian House 404

Carlisle Indian School Buildings 406

Carlisle Indian School Campus 412

Ojibwa Woman Dying of Consumption 416

President Grant’s Medal to Red Cloud 419

Miss Kate Barnard of Oklahoma 426

Chief Peo-peo-tolekt. Nez Perce Warrior 430

The Fading Sunset Opp. 433