Chapter IX: Miscellanea, 301 (14)

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---- The King's English, /Paterson's Magazine/, Jan., 1817.

---- Our Strange New Language, /Literary Digest/, Sept. 16, 1916.

---- Polyglot Kuntze: schnellste Erlernung jeder Sprache ohne Lehrer:
Amerikanisch; Bonn am Rhein, n. d.

---- Progress of Refinement, /New York Organ/, May 29, 1847.

---- Quick Lunch Lingo, /Literary Digest/, March 18, 1916.

---- They Spake With Diverse Tongues, /Atlantic Monthly/, July, 1909.

---- To Teach the American Tongue in Britain, /Literary Digest/, Aug.
9, 1913.

---- Word-Coining and Slang, /Living Age/, July 13, 1907.

Archer, William: America and the English Language, /Pall Mall
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---- The American Language; New York, 1899.

Arona, Juan de: Diccionario de peruanismos; Lima, 1882.

Arthur, William: An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian
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Ayres, Leonard P.: The Spelling Vocabularies of Personal and Business
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Babbitt, Eugene H.: College Words and Phrases, /Dialect Notes/, vol.
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---- The English of the Lower Classes in New York City and Vicinity,
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---- The Geography of the Great Languages, /World's Work/, Feb., 1908.

Bache, Richard Meade: Vulgarisms and Other Errors of Speech, 2nd ed.;
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Baker, Franklin T.: The Vernacular (in Munro's Principles of Secondary
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Bardsley, Charles W.: Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature; London,
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Barentz, A. E.: Woordenboek der Engelsche spreektaal ... and
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Baring-Gould, S.: Family Names and Their Story; London, 1910.

Barker, Henry: British Family Names; London, 1894.

Barr, Robert: /Shall/ and /Will/, /Bookman/, Dec., 1895.

Barrère, Albert (and Chas. G. Leland): A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon
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Barringer, G. A.: Étude sur l'Anglais parlé aux États Unis (la Langue
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Barthelmess, Harriet: Determining the Achievement of Pupils in Letter
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Bartlett, John Russell: A Glossary of Words and Phrases Usually
Regarded as Peculiar to the United States; New York, 1848; 2nd
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Baumann, H.: Londinismen (Slang und Cant); 2nd ed.; Berlin, 1902.

Bean, C. Homer: How English Grammar Has Been Taught in America,
/Education/, vol. xiv, no. 8, April, 1914.

Beauchamp, Wm. M.: Aboriginal Places Names of New York; Albany, 1907.

---- Indian Names in New York; Fayetteville (N. Y.), 1893.

Beck, T. Romeyn: Notes on Mr. Pickering's Vocabulary.... /Transactions
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Beidelman, William: The Story of the Pennsylvania Germans ... and
Their Dialect; Easton (Pa.), 1898.

Bendelari, George: Curiosities of American Speech, /New York Sun/,
Nov., 1895.

Benet, W. C.: Americanisms: English as Spoken and Written in the
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Benton, Joel: The Webster Spelling-Book ..., /Magazine of American
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Bergström, G. A.: On Blendings of Synonyms or Cognate Expressions in
English; Lund (Sweden), 1906.

Bibaud, Maximilien: Le Mémorial des Vicissitudes et des Progrès de la
Langue Française en Canada; Montreal, 1879.

Blackmar, F. W.: Spanish-American Words, /Modern Language Notes/, vol.
vi.

Blattner, Karl: Metoula-Sprachführer: Englisch; Ausgabe für Amerika;
Berlin-Schöneberg, 1912.

Blue, Rupert, ed.: Nomenclature of Diseases and Conditions, U. S.
Public Health Service, Misc. Pub. No. 16; Washington, 1916.

Bonnell, J. W.: Etymological Derivation of the Names of the States,
/Journal of Education/, vol. xlvii, p. 378.

Bosson, Olaf E.: Slang and Cant in Jerome K. Jerome's Works;
Cambridge, 1911.

Bowen, Edwin W.: Questions at Issue in Our English Speech; New York,
1914.

Boyd, Stephen G.: Indian Local Names; York (Pa.), 1885.

Brackebusch, W.: Is English Destined to Become the Universal Language
of the World?; Göttingen, 1868.

Bradley, Henry: The Making of English; London, 1904.

Bradley, W. A.: In Shakespeare's America, /Harper's Magazine/, Aug.,
1915.

Brandenburg, George C.: Psychological Aspects of Language, /Journal of
Educational Psychology/, June, 1918.

Bridges, Robert: A Tract on the Present State of English
Pronunciation; Oxford, 1913.

Bristed, Charles A.: The English Language in America (in Cambridge
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Buck, Gertrude: Make-Believe Grammar, /School Review/, vol. xxii,
Jan., 1909.

Buehler, H. G.: A Modern English Grammar; New York, 1900.

Buies, Arthur: Anglicismes et Canadianismes; Quebec, 1888.

Burch, G. J.: The Pronunciation of English by Foreigners; Oxford,
1911.

Burke, William: The Anglo-Irish Dialect, /Irish Ecclesiastical
Record/, 1896.

Burton, Richard: American English, (in Literary Likings: Boston,
1899).

Buttmann, Philipp Karl: Lexilogus; London, 1846.

Carpenter, George R.: The Principles of English Grammar For the Use of
Schools; New York, 1898.

Carpenter, W. H.: Dutch Contributions to the Vocabulary of English in
America, /Modern Philology/, July, 1908.

Carter, Alice P.: American English, /Critic/, vol. xiii.

/Century Magazine/: Style-sheet; New York, 1915.

Channing, William Ellery: Essay on American Language and Literature,
/North American Review/, Sept. 1815.

Chapin, Florence A.: Spanish Words That Have Become Westernisms,
/Editor/, July 25, 1917.

Charters, W. W. (and Edith Miller): A Course of Study in Grammar Based
Upon the Grammatical Errors of School Children of Kansas City,
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1915.

Chesterton, Cecil: British Struggles With Our Speech (summary of art.
in /New Witness/), /Literary Digest/, June 19, 1915.

/Chicago Daily News/: Style-book ...; Chicago, 1908.

Chicago, University of: Manual of Style ... 3rd ed.; Chicago, 1911.

Chubb, Percival: The Menace of Pedantry in the Teaching of English,
/School Review/, vol. xx, Jan., 1912.

Churchill, William: Beach-la-mar: the Jargon or Trade Speech of the
Western Pacific; Washington, 1911.

Clapin, Sylva: A New Dictionary of Americanisms ...; New York, (1902).

Clemens, Samuel L. (Mark Twain): Concerning the American Language (in
The Stolen White Elephant: New York, 1888).

Cobb, Lyman: A Critical Review of the Orthography of Dr. Webster's
Series of Books ...; New York, 1831.

---- New Spelling Book ...; New York, 1842.

Collins, F. Howard: Authors' & Printers' Dictionary, 4th ed., rev. by
Horace Hart; London, 1912.

Combs, J. H.: Old, Early and Elizabethan English in the Southern
Mountains, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt. iv, 1916.

Compton, A. G.: Some Common Errors of Speech; New York, 1898.

Coxe, A. Cleveland: Americanisms in England, /Forum/, Oct., 1886.

Crane, W. W.: The American Language, /Putnam's Monthly/, vol. xvi, p.
519.

---- Our Naturalized Names, /Lippincott's Magazine/, vol. lxiii, p.
575, April, 1899.

Crosland, T. W. H.: The Abounding American; London, 1907.

Cushing, J. S. Company: Preparation of Manuscript, Proof Reading, and
Office Style at J. S. Cushing Company's; Norwood (Mass.), n. d.

Dana, Richard H., jun: A Dictionary of Sea Terms; London, 1841.

Dawson, A. H.: A Dictionary of English Slang and Colloquialisms; New
York, 1913.

Dennis, C. J. Doreen and the Sentimental Bloke; New York, 1916.

/Dialect Notes/, vol. i, 1889-98; vol. ii, 1899-1904; vol. iii,
1905-12; vol. iv, 1913-16; vol. v, 1917-.

Douglas-Lithgow, R. A.: Dictionary of American Indian Place and Proper
Names in New England; Salem (Mass.), 1909.

Dubbs, Joseph H.: A Study of Surnames; Lancaster (Pa.), 1886.

Dunlap, Fayette: A Tragedy of Surnames, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv, pt.
i, 1913.

Dunlap, Maurice P.: What Americans Talk in the Philippines, /American
Review of Reviews/, Aug., 1913.

Dunn, Oscar: Glossaire Franco-Canadien; Quebec, 1880.

Dunstan, A. C.: Englische Phonetik; Berlin, 1912.

Earle, John: The Philology of the English Tongue; London, 1866; 5th
ed., 1892.

---- A Simple Grammar of English Now in Use; London, 1898.

Eggleston, Edward: Wild Flowers of English Speech in America, /Century
Magazine/, April, 1894.

Egli, Johann J.: Nomina Geographica, 2nd ed.; Zurich, 1893.

---- Der Völkergeist in den geographischen Namen; Zurich, 1894.

Elliott, A. M.: Speech-Mixture in French Canada: English and French,
/American Journal of Philology/, vol. x, 1889, p. 133.

Elliott, John (and Samuel Johnson, Jr.): A Selected Pronouncing and
Accented Dictionary ...; Suffield (Conn.), 1800.

Ellis, Alexander J.: On Early English Pronunciation, 4 vols.; London,
1869-89.

---- On Glosik, a Neu Sistem ov Inglish Spelling; London, 1870.

Elwyn, A. L.: A Glossary of Supposed Americanisms ...; Phila., 1859.

Emerson, Oliver Farrar: The Future of American Speech, /Dial/, vol.
xiv.

---- A History of the English Language; New York, 1894.

English, Thomas Dunn: Irish in America, /New York Times/, Nov. 5,
1898.

Fallows, Samuel; Handbook of Briticisms, Americanisms, Colloquial and
Provincial Words and Phrases; Chicago, 1883.

Farmer, John S.: Americanisms Old and New ...; London, 1889.

---- (and W. E. Henley): A Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English;
London, 1905.

---- (and W. E. Henley): Slang and its Analogues, 7 vols.; London,
1890-1904.

Ferguson, Robert: Surnames as a Science; London, 1883.

Fernald, F. A.: Ingglish az She iz Spelt; New York, 1885.

Ferraz, Juan Fernándes: Nahuatlismos de Costa Rica; San José de Costa
Rica, 1892.

Field, Eugene: London letter in /Chicago News/, March 10, 1890.

Flaten, Nils: Notes on American-Norwegian, with a Vocabulary, /Dialect
Notes/, vol. ii, pt. ii, 1900.

Flom, George T.: English Elements in Norse Dialects of Utica,
Wisconsin, /Dialect Notes/, vol. ii, pt. iv, 1902.

Flügel, Felix: Die englische Philologie in Nordamerika, /Gersdorf's
Repertorium/, 1852.

---- Die englische Sprache in Nordamerika, /Archiv für das Studium der
neueren Sprachen und Literaturen/, band iv, heft i; Braunschweig,
1848.

Fowler, H. W. (and F. G. Fowler): The Concise Oxford Dictionary of
Current English, 4th ed.; Oxford, 1914.

---- The King's English, 2nd ed.; Oxford, 1908.

Fowler, Wm. C.: The English Language ..., 2nd ed.; New York, 1855.

Franklin, Benjamin: Scheme for a New Alphabet and a Reformed Mode of
Spelling; Phila., 1768.

Franzmeyer, F.: Studien über den Konsonantismus und Vokalismus der
neuenglischen Dialekte; Strassburg, 1906.

Freeman, Edward A.: Some Points in American Speech and Customs,
/Longman's Magazine/, Nov., 1882.

Funk & Wagnalls Company: Style-card; New York, 1914.

Geikie, A. S.: Canadian English, /Canadian Journal/, vol. ii, 1857, p.
344.

Gentry, Thomas G.: Family Names from the Irish, Anglo-Saxon,
Anglo-Norman and Scotch; Phila., 1892.

Gerek, William (and others): Is There Really Such a Thing as the
American Language?, /New York Sun/, March 10, 1918.

Giles, Richard: Slang and Vulgar Phrases; New York, 1913.

Gould, Edwin S.: Good English ...; New York, 1867.

Grade, P.: Das neger Englisch, /Anglia/, vol. xiv.

Graham, G. F.: A Book About Words; London, 1869.

Grandgent, C. H.: English in America, /Die Neueren Sprachen/, vol. ii,
pp. 443 and 520.

----Fashion and the Broad /A/, /Nation/, Jan. 7, 1915.

----From Franklin to Lowell: a Century of New England Pronunciation,
/Publications of the Modern Language Association/, vol. ii.

---- Notes on American Pronouns, /Modern Language Notes/, vol. vi, p.
82; /ibid./, p. 458.

de la Grasserie, Raoul: Étude scientifique sur l'argot et le parler
populaire; Paris, 1907.

Green, B. W.: Word-book of Virginia Folk-speech; Richmond, 1899.

Greenough, James B. (and George L. Kittredge): Words and Their Ways in
English Speech; New York, 1902.

Haldeman, S. S.: Pennsylvania Dutch ...; London, 1872.

Hale, Horatio: The Origin of Languages, /Proc. American Association
for the Advancement of Science/, 1886.

Hale, W. G. (and others): Report of the Joint Committee on Grammatical
Nomenclature Appointed by the National Education Association, the
Modern Language Association of America, and the American
Philological Association; Chicago, 1918.

[Hall, B. H.]: A Collection of College Words and Customs; Cambridge
(Mass.), 1851; 2nd ed., 1856.

Hall, Fitzedward: English, Rational and Irrational, /Nineteenth
Century/, Sept., 1880.

---- Modern English; New York, 1873.

---- Recent Exemplifications of False Philology; New York, 1872.

Halliwell (-Phillips), J. O.: A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial
Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs ..., 2
vols.; London, 1847.

---- A Dictionary of Archaisms and Provincialisms, Containing Words
Now Obsolete in England, All of Which are Familiar and in Common
Use in America; 2nd ed., London, 1850.

Hancock, Elizabeth H.: Southern Speech, /Neale's Monthly/, Nov., 1913.

Hancock, T.: Newspaper English, /Academy/, Jan. 29, 1898.

Harrison, Henry: A Dictionary of the Surnames of the United Kingdom;
London, 1912.

Harrison, James A.: Negro English, /Proc. American Philological
Association/, 1885.

Hart, Horace: Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University
Press, Oxford; 23rd ed.; London, 1914.

Hartt, Irene Widdemar: Americanisms, /Education/, vol. xiii.

Hastings, Basil MacDonald: More Americanisms (interview), /New York
Tribune/, Jan. 19, 1913.

Hayden, Mary (and Marcus Hartog): The Irish Dialect of English: Its
Origins and Vocabulary; /Fortnightly Review/, April and May,
1909.

Hays, H. M.: On the German Dialect Spoken in the Valley of Virginia,
/Dialect Notes/, vol. iii, pt. iv, 1908.

Head, Edmund Walker: /Shall/ and /Will/, or Two Chapters on Future
Auxiliary Verbs; London, 1856.

Healy, J. F.: The American Language; Pittsburgh, 1910.

Helfenstein, James: A Comparative Grammar of the Teutonic Languages
...; London, 1870.

Hempl, George: Language Rivalry and Speech-Differentiation in the Case
of Race-Mixture, /Tr. American Philological Assoc./, vol. xxix,
p. 31.

---- The Study of American English, /Chautauquan/, vol. xxii, p. 436.

Herrig, Ludwig: Die englische Sprache und Literatur in Nord-Amerika,
/Der neueren Sprachen/, vol. xii, p. 24; vol. xiii, pp. 76 and
241; vol. xiv, p. 1.

Higginson, T. W.: American Flash Language in 1798, /Science/, May,
1885.

---- English and American Speech, /Harper's Bazar/, vol. xxx, p. 958.

Hill, Adams Sherman: Our English; New York, 1889.

Hodgins, Joseph L.: Our Common Speech, /New York Sun/, March 1, 1918.

Hoffman, C. F.: Philological Researches, /Literary World/, Aug. 21,
1847.

Holliday, Robert Cortes: Caun't Speak the Language (in Walking-Stick
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Horn, W.: Historische neuenglische Grammatik; Strassburg, 1908.

---- Untersuchungen zur neuenglischen Lautgeschichte; Strassburg,
1905.

Hotten, John Camden: A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant and Vulgar
Words ... London, 1859.

Howells, William Dean: The Editor's Study, /Harper's Magazine/, Jan.,
1886.

Hurd, Seth T.: A Grammatical Corrector or Vocabulary of the Common
Errors of Speech ...; Phila., 1847.

Inman, Thomas: On the Origin of Certain Christian and Other Names;
Liverpool, 1866.

J. D. J.: American Conversation, /English Journal/, April, 1913.

James, Henry: The Question of Our Speech; Boston and New York, 1905.

Jespersen, Jens O. H.: The Growth and Structure of the English
Language; Leipzig, 1905; 2nd ed., 1912.

---- A Modern Grammar on Historical Principles; 2 vols.; Heidelberg,
1909-14.

Johnson, Burges: The Everyday Profanity of Our Best People, /Century
Magazine/, June, 1916.

Johnson, Samuel, Jr.: A School Dictionary ...; New Haven, (1798?).

Jones, Daniel: The Pronunciation of English; Cambridge, 1909.

Joyce, P. W.: English as We Speak It in Ireland, 2nd ed.; London,
1910.

Kaluza, Max: Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, 2 vols.;
Berlin, 1900-1.

Keijzer, M.: Woordenboek van Americanismen ...; Gorinchem (Holland),
1854.

Kellner, Leon: Historical Outlines of English Syntax; London, 1892.

Kelton, Dwight H.: Indian Names of Places Near the Great Lakes;
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Ker, Edmund T.: River and Lake Names in the United States; New York,
1911.

Kleuz, H.: Schelten-Wörterbuch; Strassburg, 1910.

Knortz, Karl: Amerikanische Redensarten und Volksgebräuche, Leipzig,
1907.

Knox, Alexander: Glossary of Geographical and Topographical Terms;
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Koehler, F.: Worterbuch der Amerikanismen ...; Leipzig, 1866.

Koeppel, Emil: Spelling-Pronunciation: Bemerkungen über den Einfluss
des Schriftbildes auf den Laut in Englischen, /Quellen und
Forschungen zur Sprach- und Culturgeschichte der Germanischen
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Krapp, George Philip: Modern English; New York, 1910.

Krueger, G.: Was ist Slang, bezüglich Argot? (in Festschrift Adolf
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Kuhns, L. Oscar: The Origin of Pennsylvania Surnames, /Lippincott's
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Lacasse, R. P. Z.: Ces Jeunes-là, on ne les Comprend Plus (in Une Mine
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Lang, Andrew: Americanisms, /London Academy/, March 2, 1895.

Lardner, Ring W.: You Know Me Al ... New York, 1916.

Latham, Edward: A Dictionary of Names, Nicknames and Surnames; London,
1904.

Latham, Robert G.: The English Language; London, 1841.

Learned, Marion D.: The Pennsylvania German Dialect, Part I;
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Letzner, Karl: Worterbuch der englischen Volksprache Australiens und
der englischen Mischsprachen; Halle, 1891.

Lewis, Calvin L.: A Handbook of American Speech; Chicago, 1916.

Lienemann, Oskar: Eigentümlichkeiten des Engl. d. Vereinigten Staaten
nebst wenig bekannten Amerikanismen; Zittau, 1886.

Lighthall, W. D.: Canadian English, /Week/ (Toronto), Aug. 16, 1889.

Littman, Enno: /23/ and Other Numerical Expressions, /Open Court/,
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Lloyd, R. J.: Northern English; Leipzig, 1908.

Lodge, Henry Cabot: The Origin of Certain Americanisms, /Scribner's
Magazine/, June, 1907.

---- Shakespeare's Americanisms (in Certain Accepted Heroes; New York,
1897).

Long, Charles M.: Virginia County Names; New York, 1908.

Long, Percy W.: Semi-Secret Abbreviations, /Dialect Notes/, vol. iv,
pt. iii, 1915.

Lounsbury, Thomas R.: Americanisms Real or Reputed, /Harper's
Magazine/, Sept. 1913.

---- Differences in English and American Usage, /Harper's Magazine/,
July 1913.

---- The English Language in America, /International Review/, vol.
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---- English Spelling and Spelling Reform; New York, 1909.

---- A History of the English Language, revised ed.; New York, 1907.

---- Linguistic Causes of Americanisms, /Harper's Magazine/, June,
1913.

---- Scotticisms and Americanisms, /Harper's Magazine/, Feb., 1913.

---- The Standard of Pronunciation in English; New York and London,
1904.

---- The Standard of Usage in English; New York and London, n. d.

---- What Americanisms Are Not, /Harper's Magazine/, March, 1913.

Low, Sidney: Ought American to be Taught in Our Schools?, /Westminster
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Lowell, James Russell: prefaces to The Biglow Papers, 1st and 2nd
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Lower, M. A.: Patronymica Brittanica; London, 1860.

Luick, K.: Studien zur englischen Lautgeschichte; Vienna, 1903.

Mackay, Charles: The Ascertainment of English, /Nineteenth Century/,
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McKenna, L. B.: Surnames, Their Origin and Nationality; Quincy (Ill.),
1913.

Mackintosh, Duncan: Essai Raissoné sur la Grammaire et la
Prononciation Anglais ...; Boston, 1797.

McLean, John: Western Americanisms (in The Indians: Their Manners and
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Macmillan Co.: Notes for the Guidance of Authors; New York, 1918.

Maitland, James: The American Slang Dictionary ...; Chicago, 1891.

March, Francis A.: Spelling Reform; Washington, 1893.

Marsh, George P.: Lectures on the English Language; New York, 1859;
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---- The Origin and History of the English Language; New York, 1862;
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Maspero, J.: Singularidades del español de Buenos Ayres, /Memorias de
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Matthews, Brander: Americanisms and Britticisms ...; New York, 1892.

---- Is the English Language Decadent? /Yale Review/, April, 1918.

---- Outskirts of the English Language, /Munsey's Magazine/, Nov.,
1913.

---- Parts of Speech; New York, 1901.

---- The Standard of Spoken English, /North American Review/, June,
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---- Why Not Speak Your Own Language?, /Delineator/, Nov., 1917.

Mätzner, Eduard A. F.: Englische Grammatik, 2 vols.; Leipzig, 1860-65,
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Mead, Theo. H.: Our Mother Tongue; New York, 1890.

Mearns, Hugh: Our Own, Our Native Speech, /McClure's Magazine/, Oct.,
1916; reprinted, /Literary Digest/, Sept. 30, 1916.

Melville, A. H.: An Investigation of the Function and Use of Slang,
/Pedagogical Seminary/, vol. xix, 1912.

Membreño, Alberto: Hondureñismos; Tegucigalpa, 1895.

Mencken, H. L.: The American: His Language, /Smart Set/, Aug., 1913.

---- The American Language Again, /New York Evening Mail/, Nov. 22,
1917.

---- American Pronouns, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 25, 1910.

---- The Curse of Spelling, /New York Evening Mail/, April 11, 1918.

---- England's English, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 22, 1910.

---- How They Say It "Over There," /New York Evening Mail/, Oct. 25,
1917.

---- More American, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 20, 1910.

---- Moulding Our Speech, /Chicago Tribune/, Nov. 18, 1917.

---- The New Domesday Book, /New York Evening Mail/, April, 1918.

---- Nothing Dead About Language ..., /New York Evening Mail/, Sept.
28, 1917.

---- Notes on the American Language, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 7,
1916.

---- Spoken American, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Oct. 19, 1910.

---- The Two Englishes, /Baltimore Evening Sun/, Sept. 15, 1910.

Menner, Robert J.: Common Sense in Pronunciation, /Atlantic Monthly/,
Aug., 1913.

---- The Pronunciation of English in America, /Atlantic Monthly/,
March, 1915.

Molee, Elias: nu tutonish, an international union language; tacoma,
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---- Plea for an American Language ...; Chicago, 1888.

Molee, Elias: Pure Saxon English; or, Americans to the Front; Chicago,
1890.

---- Tutonish; Tacoma, (Wash.), n. d.

---- Tutonish, or, Anglo-German Union Tongue; Chicago, 1902.

Montgomery, M.: Types of Standard Spoken English; Strassburg, 1910.

Moon, G. Washington: The Dean's English, 7th ed.; New York, 1884.

Morris, Edward E.: Austral English ...; London, 1898.

Morris, Richard: Historical Outlines of English Accidence; London,
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Murison, W.: Changes in the Language Since Shakespeare's Time, (in The
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Murray, James A. H.: A New English Dictionary ...; Oxford, 1888, etc.

Newcomen, George: Americanisms and Archaisms, /Academy/, vol. xlvii,
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Norton, Chas. Ledyard: Political Americanisms ...; New York and
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Oliphant, Samuel Grant: The Clan of Fire and Forge, or, The Ancient
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---- Surnames in Baltimore, /Baltimore Sunday Sun/, 62 weekly
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Oliphant, W. Kingston: The New English; London, 1886.

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Paul, Hermann O. T.: Grundriss der germanischen Philologie, rev. ed.,
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---- Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte; Halle, 1886; 4th ed., 1909; tr.
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Pearson, T. R.: The Origin of Surnames, /Good Words/, June, 1897.

Pettman, Charles: Africanderisms: a Glossary of South African
Colloquial Words and Phrases; London, 1913.

Phipson, Evascutes A.: British vs. American English, /Dialect Notes/,
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Pickering, John: A Vocabulary or Collection of Words and Phrases Which
Have Been Supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of America
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FOOTNOTES:

[1] No capitals are used in the book. Even the title page is in lower case.

[Pg340]

List of Words and Phrases

The parts of speech are indicated only when it is desirable for clearness. The following abbreviations are used:

/a./ adjective /adv./ adverb /art./ article /n./ noun /pref./ prefix /pro./ pronoun /suf./ suffix /v./ verb /vp./ verb-phrase.

a, /art./, 62, 154, 267; /particle/, 207; /pref./, 92.

a-/sound/, 11, 58-60, 94-5, 102, 173-4, 176.

Aarons, 280

aber nicht, 152.

aber nit, 152, 308, 311.

abgefaked, /v./, 156.

aboard, 92.

abolitionist, 83.

above, 262.

Abraham, 280n.

absquatulate, /v./, 82.

abuv, 262.

accept, 77n.

acceptum, 77n.

accommodation-train, 82.

accouchement, 127.

achtel, 113.

acre, 250, 252, 254.

acute, 160.

acy, /suf./, 77.

ad, 142, 160.

Adamic, 73.

ad-card, 160.

addition, 50.

addressograph, 165.

ad-man, 160.

admitted to the bar, /vp./ 108.

adobe, 87.

ad-rate, 160.

advertisement, 160, 169, 176.

advertize, 262.

advocate, /v./, 27, 48, 49, 51.

ad-writer, 160.

adze, 56.

aeon, 243.

aero, /a./, 160.

aeroplane, /a./, 160.

aëroplane, /n./, 263.

aéroplane, /n./, 263n.

aesthetics, 257.

aetiology, 257.

affiliate, 77.

afoot, 97.

afterwards, 147, 148.

against, 91.

agenda, 100.

agent, 121.

ag'in, 91.

aggravate, 77.

a-going, 92.

Ahrens, 280.

ai-/sound/, 95, 96.

ain't, 145, 146, 204, 210.

air-line, 82, 105.

airplane, 263.

aisle-manager, 124.

aker, 250, 252, 254.

alabastine, 165.

alarm, 264.

alarmist, 33.

alarum, 264.

Albert, 275.

Albrecht, 275.

Albright, 275.

alderman, 47.

alfalfa, 109.

allay-foozee, 90.

Allegany, 296.

Alleghany, 296.

Allegheny, 296.

allez-fusil, 90.

all-fired, 129.

allot upon, 31.

allow, 33.

all right, 157.

allright, 263n.

allrightnick, 156.

ally, /n./, 170.

almoner, 112.

alright, 27, 263.

also, 34.

altho, 262, 263.

aluminium, 264.

aluminum, 264.

always, 229.

am, 193, 209.

amachoor, 238.

amass, 95.

ambish, 160.

ambition, /n./, 160; /v./, 49.

Americanism, 38.

Americanize, 77.

Ames, 275.

amigo, 158.

am not, 210.

an, /art./, 62, 95, 267.

anaemia, 242, 245, 257, 260.

a-ñ-aice, 92.

Ananias club, 306.

anatomy, 95.

Anderson, 272.

andiron, 56.

and no mistake, 92.

André, 275.

Andrews, 275.

a-near, 92.

anemia, 242, 263.

aneurism, 242.

aneurysm, 242.

angry, 79, 99.

Anheuser, 153, 276.

anilin, 262.

Anne Arundel, 297.

annex, 242, 258n.

annexe, /n./, 242, 245, 257, 258n, 260.

A No. 1, 161.

antagonize, 49, 136.

ante, /n./, 87; /v./, 202.

anteriour, 248n.

ante up, /v./, 87, 111.

anti, 87.

anti-fogmatic, 84.

antmire, 126.

anxious-bench, 83, 84.

anxious-seat, 84.

any, 237.

anyways, 147, 229.

apartment, 110.

apern, 239.

apossoun, 40.

appendices, 265.

apple, 173.

apple-jack, 85.

apple-pie, 18.

appreciate, 49.

approbate, 56.

arbor, 242.

Arbor day, 114.

arboreal, 247.

arbour, 242.

ardor, 253.

are, 209.

a'ready, 238.

Arens, 280.

aren't, 146, 210.

are you there? 103.

a-riding, 92.

Arkansas, 298.

Armistead, 274.

armor, 242.

armory, 247.

armour, 242.

Armstädt, 274.

arriv'd, 201n.

arse, 129.

ary, /suf./, 170.

as, 223.

ash-can, 97, 102.

ash-man, 102.

ask, 59, 94, 238.

askutasquash, 41, 160.

asphalt, 242, 252, 257.

asphalte, 242, 245, 256, 257, 260.

ass, 129.

assistant-master, 104.

assistant-mistress, 104.

Assistant Secretary of the Interior, 122.

associational, 30.

assurance, 109.

ast, 238.

a tall, 234.

at, 95, 146.

ataxia, 242, 246.

ataxy, 242.

ate, /v./, 194, 205; /suf./, 77.

attack, 193.

attackted, 193, 201.

au-/sound/, 276.

aunt, 58, 59, 94, 173.

auto, /n./, 110, 160; /v./, 110.

autocar, 165.

automobile, 160.

autsch, 89.

autumn, 10, 14.

avenue, 299.

aw-/sound/, 95, 175, 276.

awful, 306.

awfully, 306.

aw re-vore, 241.

awry-eyed, 85.

ax, 242, 252, 256, 257.

axe, 242, 245, 256, 257, 260, 261.

baby, 155.

baby-carriage, 97, 139.

baccalaureate, 124.

bach, /suf./, 275.

back and fill, /vp./, 78, 319.

back and forth, 31.

back-country, 46.

backfisch, 308n.

back-garden, 139.

back-log, 46.

back-number, 81.

back pedal, /vp./, 142.

back-settlements, 46.

back-settler, 46.

back-talk, 10, 81.

back-taxes, 81.

backward and forward, 31.

back water, /vp./, 78.

backwoods, /a./, 48; /n./, 46, 48.

backwoodsman, 40, 46, 48, 134.

back-yard, 97, 110, 139.

bad, /adv./, 146, 227.

bad boy, 157.

baddest, 230.

baggage, 31, 97.

baggage-car, 97.

baggage-check, 82.

baggage-master, 82.

baggage-room, 82.

baggage-smasher, 82.

bagman, 98.

Bailey, 274.

bailiff, 107n, 254.

Baker, 277.

Bakerloo, 112.

balance, 50.

Bald, 288.

balk, 242.

ballast, 97.

balled-up, /a./, 142, 164.

ballot, /n./, 107.

ballot-box stuffer, 107.

ball up, /vp./, 142n, 164.

ballyhoo, 92.

ballyhoo-man, 93.

balm, 59.

Baltimore, 297.

ban, 59.

banditti, 265.

bandore, 44.

bandurria, 44.

band-wagon, 14.

bang-up, /a./, 164.

bania, 44.

banjo, 44.

bank, /n./, 107.

bank-account, 107.

bank-bill, 31.

bankers, 107.

bank-holiday, 99, 114.

banking-account, 107.

bank-note, 31.

bankrup, 238.

banner-state, 83, 84.

bar, 58.

barbecue, 40, 43.

barber-shop, 124.

barber's-shop, 124.

bargain, /n./, 155; /v./, 137.

baritone, 242, 246.

bark, /n./, 242, 246, 247, 257, 258, 263.

bark up the wrong tree, /vp./, 33, 79.

barmaid, 105.

barman, 105.

barn, 52.

barque, 242, 258.

barrel, 163.

barrel-house, 85.

barrens, 46, 294.

barrister, 108.

bartender, 14, 85, 105.

barytone, 242.

basket, 59, 155.

basswood, 45.

bat, /n./, 85.

bath, 59, 97.

bath-tub, 97.

batl, 262.

Baton Rouge, 291.

batteau, 43, 47, 86, 111.

batting-average, 111.

battle, 262.

bauer, 89.

Bauer, 275.

baugh, /suf./, 275.

baulk, 239, 242, 245.

Baumann, 275.

Bayle, 274.

bayou, 30, 86.

Bay State, 33.

bay-window, 56.

be, 193, 209.

bean, 193n.

beat, /v./, 164, 193.

beaten, 193.

beat it, /vp./, 164.

Beauchamp, 283.

Beaufort, 291.

beau pré, 41.

beaut, 160, 310.

beautifuller, 230.

beautifullest, 230.

beauty, 160.

beaver, 288, 294.

Beaver Moon, 42.

became, 193.

Becker, 271, 277.

become, 193.

bed-bug, 125n.

bedibbert, /a./, 151n.

bedroom, 155.

beef, /n./, 56; /v./, 319.

beefsteak, 88n.

bee-line, 47.

been, 175, 176, 238.

beet, 97, 104, 109.

beet-root, 97, 104, 109.

began, 193.

begin, 193.

begob, 91.

begorry, 91.

begun, 193.

behavior, 242.

behoove, 242, 261.

behove, 242, 260.

beinkel, 156.

belgiumize, 164.

Belgravia, 139.

belittle, 33, 49, 135.

Bellair, 292.

beller, 239.

Bellevue, 292.

bell-hop, 81.

Belmont, 277.

belovéd, 201.

Belvédère, 292.

ben, 193, 209.

bend, /v./, 193.

benefice, 112.

bent, /v./, 193, 201.

Berg, 276.

Berger, 276.

Bermingham, 286n.

beside, 147.

besides, 147.

best of the bunch, 308, 310.

bet, /v./, 193.

betrayed, 127.

better, 230.

betterment, 31, 81.

better'n, 231.

bet your life, /vp./, 92.

bevo, 165.

bevo-officer, 166n.

bhoy, 92.

bid, /n./, 97.

biff, /v./, 310, 319.

big-bug, 81.

big-chief, 86.

big-stick, 306.

bile, 34, 91, 236.

bill, 106.

bill-board, 27, 97.

billion, 80.

but, 251.

bin, /v./, 193, 209.

bind, 193.

bindery, 48.

biograph, /v./, 142.

biplan, 263n.

bird, 310.

Birdsong, 277.

birthday, 155.

biscuit, 53, 98.

bishop, 85.

bit, /v./, 193, 207, 208.

bitch, 125, 126.

bite, /v./, 193, 207, 208.

bitten, 193, 207, 208.

Bittinger, 276.

Black, 274, 277.

black-country, 109.

black-hand, 151.

black-stripe, 85.

blast, 59.

bleachers, 105, 111, 162.

bled, 194.

bleed, 194.

bleeding, 130.

blew, 194, 204.

blighter, 129.

blind-baggage, 83n.

blind-pig, 85.

blind-tiger, 33.

blizzard, 80, 109.

Bloch, 274.

block, 109, 110, 306.

Block, 224.

block-head, 309.

Block island, 290.

blofista, 135n.

blooded, 50.

blood-poison, 127.

bloody, 130.

Bloom, 275.

bloomer, 80.

Bloomingdale, 280.

blouse, 100, 103.

blow, /v./, 49, 194, 204.

blowed, 194, 204.

blow-out, 81.

Blucher, 97.

blue, 174.

blue-blazer, 85.

blue-grass, 45, 109.

bluff, /n./, 46; /v./, 135, 157, 202, 319.

bluffer, 156, 157.

blufferké, 157.

Blum, 275, 276.

Blumenthal, 280.

blutwurst, 88.

bo, 161.

board, /v./, 102.

boarder, 97, 102, 124.

board-school, 100, 104.

board-walk, 97.

bobby, 105.

Bob Ruly, 291.

boche, 278.

bock-beer, 88.

bog, 46, 109.

bogie, 83, 101.

bogus, 43, 51.

bohick, 279.

Bohumil, 277.

bohunk, 279.

boil, /v./, 91, 91n.

Boileau, 276.

boiled-shirt, 81.

bolt, /v./, 84.

bolter, 83, 84.

bonanza, 87.

Bonaparte, 273.

Bonansa umbrellus, 53.

Bon Coeur, 274.

bond, 97, 106n.

bone-head, 129, 162, 309.

Bon Pas, 274.

boob, 14, 129, 133, 160.

booby, 160.

boodle, /n./, 132; /v./, 84.

boodler, 84, 156.

book, /v./, 106.

bookbinder's-shop, 48.

Booker, 277.

booking-office, 83, 101, 106.

bookseller's-shop, 31.

book-store, 31.

boom, /n./, 156, 310; /v./, 24, 77.

boomer, 77

boom-town, 77.

boost, /n./, 14, 132; /v./, 77, 133.

boot, 19n, 52, 53, 97, 100, 105, 137.

boot-form, 100.

boot-lace, 100.

boot-maker, 52, 100.

boot shop, 52, 137.

booze-foundry, 310.

booze-hister, 236.

Bordox, 241.

boro, /suf./, 296.

borough, /suf./, 296.

bosom, 126.

boss, /n./, 14, 30, 43, 107, 133, 319; /v./, 77, 319.

boss-rule, 83.

bother, 155.

bottom-dollar, 81.

bottom-land, 31.

bottoms, 46.

bought, 194, 205.

boughten, /v./, 191, 194, 201, 205.

boulevard, 153, 240, 299.

bouncer, 77, 85, 107.

bound, 193.

bound'ry, 238.

Bourbon, 300.

bourgeois, 114.

bower, 89.

Bowers, 275.

bowler, 98, 103, 139.

Bowman, 275.

bowsprit, 41.

box, 101, 106.

box-car, 82.

box-office, 106.

boy, 155, 156, 157.

boychick, 156.

Boys Boo-long, 240.

Bozart, 265n.

braces, 19n, 101, 104, 259.

bracken, 46.

Braham, 280n.

brain-storm, 142.

brainy, 79.

brakeman, 97.

brakesman, 97.

branch, 46, 59.

brand-new, 172.

brandy-champarelle, 85.

brandy-crusta, 85.

brang, /v./, 194.

bran-new, 172, 238.

brash, 79.

brave, /n./, 86.

Braun, 272.

breadstuffs, 40, 50.

break, 194.

break away, /vp./, 319.

break-bone, 309.

breakdown, 44.

brethern, 239.

breve, 113.

brevier, 114.

brevis, 113.

briar, 260.

bricke, 156.

Bridgewater, 273.

brief, /v./, 108.

brier, 261.

Brill, 276.

brilliant, /n./, 114.

bring, 194.

broad-gauge man, 83n.

Broadway, 300.

broke, 194.

broken, 194.

broker, 106-7.

broncho, 86.

broncho-buster, 87.

Brooklyn, 290.

broom, 155.

brothel, 127.

brought, 194.

Brown, 271.

brown-boots, 110.

Brown-shoes, 110.

Brühl, 276.

brung, 194, 199.

brusque, 174.

bryanize, 163.

bub, 56.

Buchanan, 282.

Bucher, 277.

buck, /n./, 126; /v./, 239.

bucket, 97, 105.

bucket-shop, 135.

Buckeye, 33.

Buck Moon, 42n.

buck-private, 142.

buckra, 30.

buck the tiger, /vp./, 79.

buckwheat, 18.

Buffalo, 294.

buffer, 97.

buffet, 124.

bug, 125.

bugaboo, 80.

build, 194.

built, 194, 201, 251.

bull, 126.

bulldoze, 78, 83.

bull-frog, 45.

bully, /a./, 231.

bum, /a./, 24, 88; /adv./, 24, 88; /n./, 24, 88, 89, 125, 156, 161;
/v./, 24.

bummel-zug, 88n.

bummer, 24, 88, 88n, 161.

bummerké, 156.

bummery, 88.

bummler, 24, 88, 88n.

bump, 307.

bumper, 82, 97.

Bumpus, 274.

bunch, 156, 308.

bunco, 14n, 23.

buncombe, 23, 80, 83, 135, 242.

bunco-steerer, 14.

bund, /suf./, 151, 152.

bung-starter, 85.

bunk, 23.

Bunker, 274.

bunkum, 135, 242.

bunned, 85.

bunt, /v./, 202.

burden, 242, 257.

bureau, 33, 43, 97.

burg, /suf./, 296.

burgh, /suf./, 296.

Burgh de Walter, 273.

burglarize, 24.

burgle, 77, 77n.

burgoo-picnic, 109.

burlesk, 264.

burly, 57.

burn, 158, 194.

burned, 194n.

burnt, 194, 294.

burro, 87.

burst, 24, 143, 194, 202.

burthen, 242, 257.

bursh, /a./, 142; /n./, 43, 318.

busher, 111.

bush-league, 43.

bushwhacker, 43.

business, 41.

bust, /n./, 24, 85; /v./, 24, 34, 143, 194, 202, 238.

busted, 143n, 194, 202.

buster, 143n.

bustle, /v./, 307.

butcher, 155.

butcher-store, 157.

butt, /v./, 164.

butte, 86, 294.

butter-nut, 45.

but that, 146, 283.

butt in, /vp./, 142, 164.

buttinski, 34, 152.

button, 155.

but what, 218.

buy, 194.

buzz-saw, 80.

buzz-wagon, 163.

by God, 129.

by golly, 129.

by gosh, 129.

by-law, 98.

byre, 47.

cabane, 93.

cabaret, 153.

caboose, 43, 82.

cach, 262.

cache, 30, 43.

cachexia, 242.

cachexy, 242.

cadet, 127, 156.

Cadogen, 282.

café, 124, 153, 240, 264.

cag, 250, 252.

Cahn, 280.

Caillé, 274.

Cains, 283.

cake-walk, 81.

calaboose, 30, 43.

calamity-howler, 81.

calculate, 31.

calendar, 97.

calf, 173.

caliber, 242, 257, 260, 261.

calibre, 242, 250, 257.

calico, 103.

California-r, 171.

calk, 260.

called to the bar, /vp./, 108.

Callowhill, 282.

calm, 59, 174.

calumet, 42.

calvary, 239.

Calvert, 298.

came, 194, 205.

camerado, 73.

camouflage, /v./, 135n, 142, 308.

camorra, 152.

Camp, 282.

campaign, 97, 107.

camp-meeting, 47.

campus, 80, 105.

can, /n./, 97, 102, 105; /v./, 102, 194.

candidacy, 83.

candor, 242.

candour, 242.

candy, 97, 103.

candy-store, 14.

cane, 97, 110.

cane-brake, 46.

canned-goods, 97, 102.

cannon-ball, 124.

cannoo, 111n.

canoa, 111n.

canoe, 41, 47, 111, 318.

canon, 112, 122, 265, 294, /see also/ canyon.

cañon, /see/ canyon.

can't, 102.

can't come it, 31.

canuck, 86, 279.

canvas-back, 45.

canvass, 97, 107.

canyon, 86, 112, 122, 265, 294.

capitalize, 33.

capote Allemande, 279n.

capote Anglaise, 279n.

Captain, 118.

cap the climax, /vp./, 78.

car, 59, 98.

card, 33, 171.

card up his sleeve, /vp./, 111, 134.

caretaker, 99, 110.

caribou, 43.

Carl, 283n.

carnival of crime, 81.

Caron, 274.

Carpenter, 276, 280.

carpet, 155.

carpet-bagger, 83.

carriage, 98.

carriage-paid, 100, 103.

carrier, 83, 98.

carriole, 43.

carry-all, 43, 48.

cart, 174.

Casalegno, 277.

cash in, /vp./, 111.

castle, 59.

catalog, 262, 263.

catalpa, 40.

cat-bird, 45.

cat-boat, 47, 48.

catch, /v./, 91, 194, 237, 262.

catch'n, 157.

caterpillar, 173.

Catholic, 113.

ca'tridge, 238.

catty-cornered, 57.

cau-cau-as-u, 131n.

caucus, /n./, 30, 40, 83, 131, 135; /v./, 48.

caucusdom, 132.

caucuser, 132.

caught, 194.

caulkers, 132n.

cause-list, 97.

cave in, /vp./, 31.

cavort, 49.

cayuse, 87.

ceiling, 155, 156.

cellarette, 165.

cent, 47, 139.

center, 242, 260, 294.

centre, 242, 250.

certainly, 228.

cesspool, 56.

c'est moi, 220.

ch-sound, 96, 274.

chain-gang, 80.

chair, 126, 155, 156.

chair-car, 82.

chairman, 106.

chair-warmer, 10, 81.

chambers, 110.

champ, 100.

champeen, 237.

champion, 160, 237.

chancellor, 104.

chance't, 238.

Chandler, 280.

change, 155.

channel, 109.

chapel, 112.

chapparal, 30, 86.

chapter, 112.

char, 56, 137.

charge it, 103.

Charles, 286n.

charqui, 43.

charwoman, 137.

chase, 46.

chaser, 85.

chase one's self, /vp./, 319.

chassé, 240.

chaufer, 265n.

Chauncey, 285.

chautauqua, 113.

chaw, 91.

Cheapside, 300.

check, /n./, 106, 242, 246, 256.

checkered, 242, 261.

checkers, 98.

checkinqumin, 41.

cheer, /n./, 237.

chef d'œuvre, 240.

chemist, 98, 252.

chemist's-shop, 98.

cheque, 106, 242, 256, 257, 260.

chequered, 242, 260.

chest of drawers, 97.

chevalier, 251.

chew, 91.

chew the rag, /vp./, 319.

chick, /suf./, 156.

chicken, 308.

chicken-yard, 98.

chief-clerk, 98.

chief-constable, 105.

chief-of-police, 105.

chief-reporter, 98.

childern, 239.

chimbley, 238.

chimist, 252.

chinch, 56.

Chinee, 229.

chink, /n./, 279; /v./, 24, 77.

chinkapin, 40.

chip in, /vp./, 111, 319.

chipmunk, 40.

chipped-beef, 80.

chist, 237.

chit, 158.

Cholmondeley, 283.

choose, 194.

chop-suey, 93.

chore, 56, 105, 137.

chose, 194.

chow, 158.

chowder, 43.

Christkind'l, 89.

Christkindlein, 89.

chunky, 50.

church, 112, 113.

churchman, 113.

chute, 30, 86.

cider, 242, 246.

cinch, /n./, 14; /v./, 87.

cinema, 14, 27, 99.

cipher, 257.

circuit-rider, 113.

circus, 300.

Cirencester, 297n.

citified, 77.

citizenize, 76.

city, /suf./, 296.

City, 106, 139.

city-ordinance, 98.

city-stock, 106.

civil-servant, 105, 106.

claim-jumper, 81.

city-editor, 98, 106.

City Hall, 300.

City Hall park, square, place 300.

City man, 106.

clam-bake, 109.

clam-chowder, 109.

clamor, 242.

clamorously, 247.

clamour, 242.

clang, 194.

clangor, 242.

clangorous, 247.

clangour, 242.

clap-board, 31, 40, 46.

class, 104.

class-day, 105.

classy, 24, 230.

claw-hammer, 81.

cleanlily, 228.

cleanly, 228.

clean'n, 157.

clean-up, 14.

clearing, /n./, 46.

clear the track, /vp./, 83.

cleark, /n./, 19n, 53, 124, 174; /v./, 49.

clever, 31, 33, 57.

climb, /v./, 194, 198.

climbed, 198.

Cline, 275n.

cling, 194.

clingstone, 45.

clipped, 201.

clipt, 201.

clipping, 98.

clodhopper, 56.

clomb, 198.

closet, 155.

close't, 238.

closure, 242.

cloture, 242.

cloud-burst, 81, 109.

clout the sphere, /vp./, 311.

club, 154.

club-car, 82.

clum, 194, 200.

clung, 194.

c'mear, 207.

coach, /v./, 111.

coal-hod, 98.

coal-oil, 98.

coal-operator, 139.

coal-owner, 139.

coal-scuttle, 98.

coast, /v./, 77.

coat-and-suit, 103.

coatee, 77.

cocain, 253, 263.

cocaine, 160, 253.

cock, 19n, 100, 126.

cocktail, 84, 88n.