Chapter II: Part 2

We came here from Chattanooga about the first of March. We have not had time to do much more than to look about us and take the lay of the land. There seems to be no reason why we may not build up, in this city, a strong church upon the true foundation of the Apostles. The church here (Plymouth) is largely an offshoot from the old Circular, Independent, or Congregational church, one of the oldest in this city. In an old plan of the city, giving the location of the principal buildings in 1704, the White Meeting House occupies a conspicuous position, and probably gave its name to the street on which it stood, which is now the principal street. This church was established by Presbyterians, Congregationalists and French Protestant refugees. It afterwards passed into the hands of Congregationalists, and then suffered, as many of our Congregational churches did, by a division, a part forming themselves into a Unitarian congregation. Not far from 120 members from this old Independent church have joined Plymouth church since its organization. We do not have to contend, therefore, with the prejudice against a new form of government and worship, as we do in some parts of the South. Besides this, there are Presbyterian churches among the colored people here whose mode of worship is so like ours that the people have been educated into sympathy with our government and worship. Notwithstanding all this, from one cause and another, Plymouth church has had a stormy life, and is now struggling for existence. What will be the outcome of our effort it is not best to predict; only this: “If God be for us, who can be against us?” I remember a Christian worker once made the remark, that “If we have God on our side, we are in the majority, let who will be on the other.” This is the encouragement we have. If we can succeed in getting the membership decidedly and firmly on the Lord’s side, the end is secured. But the obstacles and hindrances are not few. What we need, and what alone can save us, is a baptism of power from on high. Some of our good friends at the North are in mortal fear of the doctrine of a higher Christian life. If they will come down here, we will show them some of the phases of the lower Christian life, until they will be willing to accept anything that will tend to make Christians holy and love one another. I don’t propose to say much about the church at present, only this: that we need greatly a revival of pure religion.

Miss Wells, our missionary, is getting into the homes of the people, and we already see the good results of her work. She has organized a Sunday-school in the out-skirts of the city, at which she has secured many more promises than attendants. Still she is working on, and will eventually succeed in her enterprise. The readiness of the colored people to promise is wonderful, but the fulfilment is exceedingly doubtful. If you question their fulfilling their pledge, they reply, “Oh, yes, Missus, we coming shuah; you may look for we.” Sure enough we do look, but seldom find. Our home Sunday-school is increasing in efficiency and numbers, and we hope before long to report a prosperous condition.

Avery Institute is one of the finest schools in the South; I don’t know as there is a superior to it anywhere. A gentleman in the city was speaking of the receptivity of the colored children in comparison with the whites, to the disparagement of the former, when another gentleman, prominent in democratic politics, said there was no disparagement on that side. “You just go over to that Avery school, and hear the examinations, and listen to their literary exercises; why, it is glorious, perfectly wonderful—_magnificent!_” This is not undeserved praise. Every visitor expresses himself highly pleased with the appearance of the school. Prof. Farnham deserves the praise which he receives for the high character of his school. After the anniversary exercises, just before Easter, the students and graduates of the school presented Avery with a beautiful flag of blue bunting with a palmetto in white worked in the centre, and Avery Institute in large letters above and below. It is the first time the flag of the State was ever presented to a school supported by Northern philanthropists for the benefit of the colored people.

I would say in regard to social recognition, that the principal objection to us workers here is, that we are Northerners. I do not think any class regards it such a terrible disgrace to do something for the elevation of the negroes. Charleston is far in advance of other cities of the South in this respect. It is the only city that I have seen where a real Christian conception, or rather _perception_, of duty seems to be felt. The city has built some of its finest school buildings for the colored children; in one of which there are 25 white teachers, all Southern born. In another school, under the care of Rev. Mr. Adams, a colored man, as principal, there are three or four white ladies from some of the most respected families in the South. Several of the colored churches are ministered to by white men. In _antebellum_ days, Dr. Jeredeaux (Presbyterian) had a church of colored people, where the whites had to take the gallery, while the blacks held the pews below. The building was one of the largest in the city and used to be thronged. Since he left, his congregation has become a good deal scattered. He had a singular power over his people. He thought as much of his “niggers” as he did of his white congregation, if not more. He would not let any man preach to his colored church. He was pastor of a white church at the same time, and many of his white congregation would go to hear him at Zion church, but they had to take the gallery. I do not mean to say, by any means, that every thing is pleasant and sweet between the two races, but there are things to commend. The things to be condemned, we hope, will soon pass away, and we shall not have to think of some things which we leave unsaid. It is certainly pleasant to labor in a community where you are not constantly reminded that you are despised by Christian people, and some of them from the North, too, because you are doing what your conscience and every sentiment of our holy religion commends. If anything will stir up all the depths of righteous indignation, and sorely tempt one to go a little over the bounds of the term righteous, it is to be brought in contact with that phase of Christianity which prevails almost universally in the South; and the fact that letters are not filled with burning words of scathing criticism of this spirit, is a standing proof that our workers exercise the largest spirit of charity. And they are right. We are not here to seek the applause of men, and I presume it is altogether better for us and the people among whom we labor, that the white people do not welcome us to this field. I can easily see the snare that popular favor would be to us. I have long since come to the conclusion that God knows best how to have His work accomplished. If some misconstrue our motives in coming into this work, it is no more than the men in Christ’s day did in regard to his motive. It is sufficient if the servant be as his Lord. Oh, for grace, _grace_, _grace_, to do our Master’s will.

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ALABAMA.

The State Conference of Congregational Churches.

MRS. G. W. ANDREWS, TALLADEGA.

The fourth annual meeting of the Conference opened with a sermon by Rev. Dr. Bascom, for the last winter pastor of the church. He spoke from the words, “Ye are the salt of the earth,” impressing us with the valuable estate of the Christian.

Saturday was held our first morning prayer meeting, when “Blest be the tie that binds” was the sentiment of every heart. Thanksgivings for revivals of God’s grace in the churches and in individual hearts arose like holy incense. At other meetings of this kind, numerous and interesting accounts were given of special visitations of the Spirit; at Anniston, the Cove, and Childersburg; at Talladega, Selma, Marion and Montgomery; the last two not resulting in any extensive work of grace. We felt how sweet that there are no desert places in God’s love.

The first paper noticed on the programme was “Our Mission Work,” by Rev. G. W. Andrews, Talladega—an inspiration from his experience of nearly nine years in the service, instructive and profitable. After the rest and refreshment at the “Home” of two hours’ “nooning,” we listened to the discussion of the question, “How shall we interest the church of Christ, North and South, in our work?” Some of the replies: By doing it with all our might, thus showing that it interests us; by showing that it is a specific work, placed in the hands of the Christian church by the marked Providence of God; by combining the efforts of women, North and South, for special missionary work; by not only arousing men, but raising money to carry it on to successful completion.

Right here came in most appropriately the presentation of “The duty of economy and industry,” so as to increase our giving, by Rev. D. L. Hickok, Mobile. Full of fresh and vigorous thought, the most prominent was that of _saving_ to spend.

At the announcement, “Examination of candidates for the ministry,” nine young men came forward. The young men were not only questioned by their leader, Rev. Mr. Andrews, but by many others on the general range of questions in systematic theology, followed by personal Christian experience in their calls to the ministry, until all present were convinced of their thorough preparation for their work. The evening was given to an address by the Rev. J. E. Roy, D. D.: “How are the Freedmen getting on?”—a graphic picture of their condition then (at the surrender) and now.

A little time being left, “How to win souls,” by Rev. O. W. Fay, of Illinois, lately arrived, was impressively treated. First, make it your business; then, in successfully prosecuting this business, come into personal contact with him you would win. Sabbath morning we were disappointed by the absence of Prof. J. C. Silsby, of Selma, who was to have conducted the Sabbath-school quarterly review. After a short review of the quarter’s lessons, brief addresses were made, and the time profitably spent. The sermon Sabbath morning, by Mr. J. D. Smith, of Shelby, from the text, “Can ye not watch with me one hour?” was a touching picture of the heavy-laden disciple and a Saviour’s yearning for sympathy. At 3 P. M. a children’s meeting, addressed chiefly by Prof. E. P. Lord, of Talladega, was said to be very interesting and instructive. The writer was unable to be present. Monday morning a business meeting closed the session of Conference proper and opened

THE THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.

The first paper, “The History and necessity of a new Revision of the Bible,” by Rev. C. B. Curtis, was a most thorough treatise upon the subject, for which he expressed himself partly indebted to the _Sunday-School World_. We admired the caution with which he handled the sacred subject, lest some poor wayfaring man should hear to his hurt. At the end we were left to anticipate with joy the new, complete and pure revision, which, after all, will not contain _one single change_ vital to Christian faith.

The second paper, “The Relation of Theological Education to the Church of Christ,” was by Mr. J. D. Smith, of Shelby, showing that a pure religion is conserved by an educated ministry; and without it, the tendency is to superstition and heathenism. Following this, a study of the 110th Psalm, conducted by Mr. Y. B. Sims, of the theological class, brought us all under his tutelage and sharp questioning for half an hour. I noticed some of the Doctors of Divinity scratching their heads previous to answering, while “the smile went round.” At night we listened to a sermon on the “First Commandment,” by Rev. D. L. Hickok. Power, pathos and eloquence were combined in it. Plans of sermons by Revs. P. J. McEntosh, Horace Taylor, Alfred Jones, and Revs. Andrews and Bascom, closed the Institute.

THE SABBATH-SCHOOL CONVENTION,

the third section of the Conference, opened on Tuesday with an address by Rev. D. L. Hickok, of Mobile, on “The Field and the Workers.” Other topics of this interesting day were: “The Best Methods of Conducting Teachers’ Meetings,” Rev. G. W. Andrews; “Necessity of Pointed Teaching,” Rev. P. J. McEntosh; “How to Cultivate the Spirit of Giving in Sunday-schools, and How to Dispose of Moneys Collected,” Mr. J. D. Smith; “S. S. Music—How to keep up with the mass of New Music,” Rev. C. B. Curtis. Reports of Sabbath-schools. At night the S. S. Convention closed with a multitude of speeches on as many topics.

THE WOMAN’S MISSIONARY MEETING

was held in the afternoon. We could not have foregone the good we gained by that excellent meeting. I have regretted that I did not reserve my time for an exclusive report of it, as it was one of so much interest; I will only note its general features, however, as full minutes will be published in connection with the minutes of the Conference. After the usual devotional exercises and reports, we listened to an address by Rev. Dr. Roy, which was so thoroughly appreciated, that a unanimous vote of thanks was given at its close. Then came the following papers: “The Opportunities afforded to the Women of the Colored Race for Education and Moral Improvement,” Miss M. J. Adams, Montgomery; “Present Encouragements to further prosecute Special Missionary Work for our Colored Women and Girls,” Mrs. H. W. Andrews, Talladega; “The Industrial School, a Means of Success in Training our Young Women for Future Usefulness,” S. Ida Allen, Talladega.

The Conference with its triple object closed, we were ready to enjoy the best wine, which, after the example in Cana, had been reserved till the last. The interesting

EXAMINATION AND ORDINATION SERVICES

of Mr. J. D. Smith, Shelby, took place on Wednesday; examination conducted by Rev. O. W. Fay, the new pastor at Montgomery. Searching questions were put, and grew more and more so as the candidate showed abundant ability to answer. An examination of two hours was well sustained. The leading examiner said he had never listened to a better examination, and had attended all the important ones about Chicago. One reply I must give you, showing the firm convictions of Mr. Smith on the subject of emotional religion: Ques.—Do you think it necessary, when under conviction, that a man should be thrown on to the floor and go through various contortions of body before he can become a Christian? Ans.—No, sir; I do not think when God knocks at the door of a man’s heart, that he “knocks down the man.” This reply evidently met with hearty approval. The ordination exercises were conducted in the evening; sermon by Rev. Wm. H. Ash, Florence, an earnest setting forth of ministerial duties. The impressive ordaining prayer by Rev. Dr. Bascom, and charge to pastor and right hand of fellowship by Revs. Taylor and Andrews. The doxology, “Praise God, from whom all blessings flow,” closed what to us had seemed like a “feast of weeks.”

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SOUTH-WESTERN CONFERENCE.

Annual Meeting at New Iberia, La.

REV. W. S. ALEXANDER, NEW ORLEANS.

Our Annual Conference met at New Iberia, April 2–6, and on account of the deep interest and spiritual results directly attending it, marks an important era in the history of the Congregational churches of Louisiana. The very delightful meeting of the Conference in 1878, at the same place, prepared us for the recurrence of like scenes this year. But the Lord had greater and better things in store for us, and the Conference of 1879 stands alone in the marvellous tenderness and earnestness which characterized all its sessions, and in the precious baptism of the Holy Spirit, resulting in the conversion of _fifty souls_, and in the quickening and reviving of all the churches represented.

Of the 16 churches connected with the Conference, 14 were represented. Two large churches, one at Gretna, (Rev. W. P. Ward, pastor,) numbering 250 members, and the one at Algiers, (Rev. James Craig, pastor,) numbering 121 members, which left the Conference seven years ago, and have since been independent, were very cordially re-admitted. The brethren on the ground understand the great importance of this step. The re-admission of these large churches will be an element of strength in many directions. Their temporary withdrawal was the result of a misunderstanding which should never have occurred.

Two new churches were received—the church at _Harangville_, in Lafourche parish, with a membership of 30, and the church at _Little Pecan_, in Iberia parish, eight miles from the city of New Iberia. Rev. P. P. Proctor will take charge of this church.

The year has been one of growth. Revivals were reported in several of the churches, especially in the Central Church of New Orleans and in Terrebonne.

The membership of the churches numbers 1,303. During the year ending April 1st, 1879, there have been admitted to the churches 213, of whom 190 were received on profession of their faith. Number in Sabbath-school, 670. Adult baptisms, 146; infant baptisms, 122.

Our Northern friends will be startled to know that 119 have been excommunicated during the year. But after all it is a hopeful sign. It is a process of purification painful, but necessary. The church cannot afford to shelter unworthy people. I wrote to one of the pastors who had sent his report to me, and asked him if it was true that 37 had been excommunicated from his church the past year. “Yes, sir,” he wrote me, “it is all right; they were not walking in Christ.”

DISCUSSIONS.

The subjects considered were practical and the addresses were earnest and to the point. The topics of “Church Extension,” “Education,” “Temperance,” and the “Moral Character of Ministers and Church Members,” came prominently before the Conference. The sentiments expressed, in which there was entire agreement among the brethren, were pure in tone, and placed our churches upon the broad platform of moral purity and intelligence. I shall be pardoned if I particularize. Social and domestic relations among the colored people in the dark days of slavery, in a great many instances, do not bear inspection. The necessities of those days call for a charitable judgment, but do not justify a continuance of the evil. There is but one sentiment in the Congregational churches of Louisiana on this subject: _legal marriage is insisted on in all cases_. No exception is allowed on any plea. Said one of our pastors while this discussion was pending, “Individuals living unlawfully can remain members of my church only so long as it takes to call a church meeting to turn them out.” The pastors agreed that they could afford to preside over small churches, but not over impure churches. I desire to emphasize this fact, that our friends may know that we are building upon a good foundation, and that our work, whatever the rate of its progress, is in accord with the Gospel of Christ.

The discussion on the topic of “Education” called forth the deep convictions of the brethren that the churches need and must have educated pastors, and that the colored people must demand the highest benefits of education that can be obtained. The first eager, enthusiastic desire for education which followed in the wake of emancipation has been succeeded by a calm, intelligent, determined conviction that the future of the race in America depends upon the thorough education of the people.

CHURCH EXTENSION.

A question which occupied the serious attention of the brethren was the extension of our work in the State,—how may our churches be strengthened and their usefulness extended, and how may new fields be occupied and cultivated? It was represented to the Conference that several churches occupying virtually an independent position were prepared to join our ranks, and that “all things were ready” to organize churches in many communities where the people were in sympathy with our spirit and polity. To meet this demand, and to gather a harvest already ripe, the Conference decided, and I think wisely, to appoint from their own number four missionaries, who should go through the Southern parishes to preach the Word, to instruct and encourage the people, and, wherever the opportunity offered, organize believers into churches, and minister to them till stated preaching and pastoral care could be provided. The brethren appointed were Rev. W. P. Ward, of Gretna, Rev. James Craig, of Algiers, Rev. Homer Jones, of Lake Peigneur, and Rev. Samuel Smith, of Terrebonne.

I have great confidence that these brethren will bring good tidings to the Conference in 1880.

ORDINATION.

The church at Terrebonne asked that Samuel Smith, who had for several years exercised his gifts as a preacher, and who was known to the brethren as a thoroughly good man, be ordained to the Gospel ministry. The church at Lafourche Crossing presented the name of William Reed, who had supplied their pulpit for one year; and Thomas E. Hillson, of New Orleans, who was licensed two years ago, applied in his own name for ordination. The examination of the candidates was faithful and searching, and was well sustained. It was unanimously approved, and the public services of ordination took place on Saturday night, in the presence of a very large and deeply interested audience.

THE BAPTISM OF THE HOLY SPIRIT.

I have reserved till now the narrative of one of the most wonderful and precious revivals it has been my privilege to witness. Occurring in connection with the sessions of the Conference, it seemed like the Divine benediction upon our work.

The pastor, Rev. Wm. Butler, said to me on my arrival, “We want revival services every night. I have announced them, and the people expect them.”

No special services had been held, and no conversions had occurred; but the people were anticipating the Conference with great expectations of good. The first night the church was filled. As Moderator I preached the annual sermon to an attentive and tender audience. At the conclusion of my sermon the pastor said to me, “Call out the mourners.” I said, “No; wait until to-morrow night.” In my heart I did not expect a revival to begin the first night.

The early morning prayer meeting was a rich spiritual feast; the discussions during the day were marked by perfect harmony. At night the church was packed. The spirit of God was manifestly present. Mr. Hall and Mr. Ward preached effectively. Those desiring to become Christians were invited forward to the “mourner’s seat.” Thirteen responded. The good work had begun, and we had only to “wait and see the salvation of God.”

An inquiry meeting was held in connection with the morning prayer meeting. Those who came proved by their words and manner how deeply God had convicted them of sin, and their need of a Saviour. Night came again, and with it an eager, crowded assembly. Mr. James preached earnestly, and the number of inquirers was increased to twenty.

The next night, Saturday, was to be the last of our Conference, and my anxiety was almost painful. I was appointed to preach the ordination sermon for the three brethren to be set apart to the ministry, and in my selection and treatment of a subject I had but one desire and thought—to deepen the impression already made, and to persuade sinners to make their peace with God. I said to the brethren, “We will change the usual order of services, and the sermon will come last to-night.” God helped me to preach. I felt that His word went home to many hearts. The church could not nearly contain the throngs who came. The door-ways were crowded, and numbers stood beneath all the windows. The appeal to rise and come to Jesus was responded to by 40, half of whom were men. None could doubt the presence and power of the Holy Ghost. The tidal wave was moving on, but had not yet reached its height. On Sunday morning I took a 5 o’clock breakfast and started for two distant churches, the one 15 miles away and the other 25 miles distant from New Iberia, leaving St. Paul’s church in the care of the pastors who had remained over the Conference. As I was passing the house of one of the brethren I was called in to see the most prominent man in the community among the colored people, formerly State senator, who was under the deepest and most agonizing conviction of sin. He had risen from his bed two hours before the break of day, and had come to this house to beg the brethren to pray for him. The household were aroused, a prayer circle was formed around him, and they interceded for him with heartfelt earnestness. When I went in he was pacing the room, his tears were flowing like summer rain, and cries of agony broke from his lips. “What does this mean, Mr. Alexander?” he said to me. I replied, “It means, my dear friend, that God is speaking to you, and entreating you to repent and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ.” We knelt together. I prayed for him; and he then and there offered up to God the prayer of a contrite, heart-broken man. I shall always remember one or two expressions in that prayer. “O God! Thou hast always been kind and good to me. Thou hast crowned my life with blessings, and I have been Thine enemy. O God! spare me and save me. My poor little babes who are in heaven, go to Jesus and ask Him to forgive me. All Christians in heaven, go to the Saviour and intercede for me.”

I was obliged to leave him to meet my appointments. I returned on Monday. The pastor and people met me and said, “You cannot go to New Orleans to-day; you must preach to-night.” I gladly consented. Never did I feel myself so completely in God’s hands. It was an unspeakable joy to preach the precious Gospel that night. I again appealed to all who felt their need of forgiveness to come forward and begin a Christian life. As though moved by one impulse, SIXTY at once came forward and fell upon their knees. I saw before me 30 men from 18 to 70 years of age, and as many women. With prayer and song and exhortation the meeting continued till nearly midnight. We could not close it a moment sooner. Eight or ten found peace in believing in Jesus on their knees that night.

I was compelled to return to New Orleans on Tuesday. It was God’s work, and He carried it forward gloriously. About 50 have already joined the church, including the man of whom I have particularly spoken. His confession of Christ in the church was manly and thrilling. I am in almost daily receipt of letters from the young converts. Their joy is deep, peaceful and intelligent. I feel how inadequately I have described this wonderful work of grace. I have left much for our friends to infer; but even then they can hardly conceive the warmth, the depth and the glory of this work of God.

I am profoundly grateful for the Conference of 1879, and desire to say to our friends that the “signs of promise” for our small band of Congregational churches in Louisiana were never so bright as to-day. Let those who have ever been the friends of the colored people take fresh heart and courage, and push forward the work, till brighter, richer, grander results are attained.

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THE INDIANS.

THE SPICE OF MISSIONARY LIFE.

Rev. Myron Eells, S’Kokomish, W. T.

This frontier life among the Indians has its romance, some things being pleasant and some not so pleasant. The white people in the region where I travel are generally as kind as they can be; the Indians seldom do a favor without wishing pay for it, though that is not always so; but the elements are sometimes antagonistic.

At one time I was returning from Seabeck in a canoe, thirty miles distant, after preaching, with two Indians. We live three miles above the mouth of the S’kokomish River, but everywhere around its mouth are mud flats, which are very troublesome at low tide. At nine o’clock at night we reached the mouth of the river, with the tide low and still running out. The Indians thought that they could find the channel, but in the darkness they made a mistake and ran on to the flats, where we remained until the tide turned. It was chilly, as a November night generally is. We had an overcoat and pair of blankets which kept us somewhat comfortable, but it was four o’clock in the morning before we reached home.

Again, I started with eight canoes from Port Gamble for Seabeck, twenty miles, but a strong head wind arose. The Indians worked hard for five hours, when nearly all gave out, having traveled only ten miles, and we camped on the beach. It rained also, and the wind blew stronger, so that the trees were constantly falling around us. I had only a pair of blankets, an overcoat and a mat with me, but having obtained another mat of the Indians, I made a slight roof over me with it, and went to sleep. About two o’clock in the morning I was aroused by the Indians, when I learned that a very high tide had come and drowned them out. My bed was on higher ground than theirs, but in fifteen minutes that ground was three or four inches under water. We waded around, put our things in the canoes, and soon, wet and cold, in the middle of February, we started. There was still some rain and wind, and rowing by turns in order to keep from suffering, it took us four hours to reach our destination.

I started from Dunginess for Elkwa, a distance of twenty-five miles, on horseback, but after proceeding ten miles the horse became so lame that he could go no farther. I could not well get another one, so I was obliged to travel on foot; but soon I reached Morse Creek, and could find no way of crossing. The stream was quite swift, having been swollen by recent rains. The best way seemed to be to ford it; so after taking off some of my clothes, I started in. It was only about three feet deep, but so swift that it was difficult to stand, and cold as December; but with a stick to feel my way, I crossed, and it only remained for me to get warm, which I soon did by climbing a high hill.

Coming from Elkwa on a previous trip, on horseback, with a friend, we were obliged to travel on the beach for eight miles, as there was no other road. The tide was quite high, the wind was blowing and the waves came in very roughly. There were many trees lying on the beach, around which we were obliged to canter as fast as we could when the waves were out. But one time my friend who was ahead just passed safely, while I was caught by the wave, which came up to my side, and a part of which went over my head. It was very fortunate that my horse was not carried off his feet.

Another of our experiences, which is very unpleasant, is with the vermin, especially the fleas, which dwell constantly with the Indians and with some of the whites. I stood one evening and preached in one of their houses, when I am satisfied that I scratched every half minute during the service; for, although I stood them as long as I could, I could not help it. I would quietly take up one foot and rub it against the other leg; put my hand in my pocket or behind my back, and treat the creatures as gently as I could, and the like.

Once in a while I am obliged to stay over night in one of their houses in the winter, a thing I seldom do unless there is no white man’s house near; even in summer they are afraid the panthers will eat me up if I sleep outside; but between the fleas, rats and smoke (for they often keep the house full of smoke all night), sleep is not very refreshing, and the next morning I feel more like a piece of bacon than a minister.

But Indian houses are not the only unpleasant ones. Here we are at a hotel, the best in a milling town of four or five hundred people; but the bar-room is filled with tobacco smoke almost as thick as the smoke from the fires which often fills an Indian house. Here about fifty men spend a great portion of the night (some of them all night) in drinking, gambling and smoking. The house is used to it, for the rooms directly over the bar-room are saturated with the smoke, and I am assigned to one of these rooms. Before I get to sleep the smoke has so filled my nostrils that I cannot breathe through them, and at midnight I wake up with a headache so severe that I can scarcely hold up my head for the next twenty-four hours. It is not so bad, however, but that I can do a little thinking on this wise: Who are the lowest, the Indians or these whites? The smoke in each of their houses is of about equal thickness; that of the Indians, however, is clean smoke from wood; that of the whites filthy from tobacco. The Indian has sense enough to make holes in the roof where some of it may escape; the white man does not even that much. The Indian sits or lies on or near the ground, beneath a great portion of it; the white man puts a portion of his guests and his ladies’ parlor in rooms directly over it. Sleeping in the Indian smoke, I come out well, though feeling like smoked bacon, and a thorough wash cures it; but sleeping in the white man’s smoke I come out sick, and the brain has to be washed.

But these are the sharp spice. There is another side, more like currant jelly. The people are generally as kind as they can be. “We will give you the best we have,” is what is often told me, and they do it. Here are houses, where I occasionally stop a week at a time, and the people will take nothing for it. Here is a region for forty miles, where a man’s company is supposed to pay for his lodgings at any house. Now I meet a man who offers to go home, half a mile, on purpose to get me a dinner; or a girl, with whose family I am very slightly acquainted, stands on the porch as I pass and says, “Mister, have you been to dinner? You had better stop and have some.” Here is a hotel-keeper, who has sold whiskey for fifteen years, who puts me in his best room, one fitted up for private use, and will take nothing for it. Now I am invited into the home of the superintendent of a large mill, and during the two years and a half that I have occasionally preached at the place I have spent seven weeks in his family, yet he will never take anything for it, and hardly allow me to thank him. Again, here is a steamer, which has always carried me free whenever myself or family wished to travel on it, and which during two years and a half has actually given me sixty or seventy-five dollars’ worth of travel. Then there is another which runs irregularly, but whose captain says, “Whenever you or your family or your Indian and canoe wish to travel where I am going, I will take you all free,” and who has actually made extra effort with his steamer in order to help me.

Indians, too, are not wholly devoid of gratitude. Now it is a funeral. They are often accustomed to make presents at such times to their friends who attend. “Take this money,” they say to me, as they give me two or three dollars; “do not refuse; it is our custom, for you come to comfort us with Christ’s words.” Again, I am at a great festival, and am there on purpose to protect them from drunkenness and other evils equally bad; so they hand me seven dollars and a half, saying, “You have come a long distance to help us; we cannot give you food as we do these Indians, as you do not eat with us,” (and generally I do not, if I can avoid it); “take this money, it will help to pay your board.” Or, again, they carry me nearly a hundred miles free, in order that I may teach them and dedicate a church for them.

God is good to put these kind thoughts into the hearts of the people, and not the least good thing He has put in the Bible is that verse about the giving of a cup of cold water.

THE CHINESE.

“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.”

Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association.

PRESIDENT: Rev. J. K. McLean, D. D. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. A. L. Stone, D. D., Thomas C. Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. K. Noble, Hon. F. F. Low, Rev. I. E. Dwinell, D. D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. H. Willey, D. D., Edward P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D. D., Jacob S. Taber, Esq.

DIRECTORS: Rev. George Mooar, D. D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, Rev. E. P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. John Kimball, E. P. Sanford, Esq.

SECRETARY: Rev. W. C. Pond. TREASURER: E. Palache, Esq.

THE “CONGREGATIONAL WAY” IN MISSION WORK.

REV. WM. C. POND, SAN FRANCISCO.

There are two methods of dealing with converts from heathenism, whether in our own land or that from which they come. One is that which treats them as children to be provided for and controlled; the other is that which welcomes them at once as co-workers—as brethren, having only one Master, and that _our_ Master, even Christ. According to the one, the missionary lays the plans, and the converts work by it, if at all; to consult them would puff them up and make them presumptuous. According to the other,—while, of course, those who are responsible for the use of funds must control in regard to expenditures, and, consequently, must retain a veto power as to almost all projects for concerted work,—still suggestions from the brethren are cordially welcomed and carefully considered, and they are encouraged to work for Christ, with earnest prayer for _His_ guidance, each in the way Christ points out specially to him. The one is apt to say, “Do as you see us do, accepting our standard and walking by our rules;” the other inculcates principles—faith, hope, charity, and believes that with these in the heart the young disciple may become a law unto himself. I scarcely need say which of these two is the “Congregational way.”

There are various objections made to this way; one, and the chief, is that it is not adapted to these undeveloped Christians—babes in Christ. They are but children, and must be treated as such. It is urged on foreign missionary fields with greater show of reason possibly, but it is the same objection which for so many years hindered the planting of Congregational churches in our new settlements at the West. We were told that Congregationalism was good for New England, but not stout enough for the rough-and-tumble, heterogeneous communities in the younger States. It is the same which is now urged against Congregationalism in the South. The negro race, we are assured, is too emotional, too ignorant, too easily carried away by every wind of doctrine or of feeling, to be entrusted with self-government.

If you work upon this scheme among converts from heathenism, it is certain that you will find trouble. If you work upon the other, you will find trouble also. No good work in this evil world ever went forward without trouble. But this “Congregational way,” it is supposed by some, opens the door specially wide to all sorts of dissatisfaction and dissension. False brethren, unawares brought in, will scatter seeds of heresy and lead off into all sorts of back-slidings. Time will be wasted in disputes that had better be given to study and prayer. Ill-considered and impossible projects will be pressed upon you, and you will find the exercise of your veto power involving you in ungracious, even hostile, criticism. Thus your influence will be weakened, and your usefulness impaired.

These objections are plausible, and address themselves to principles in human nature which the new birth, and even a missionary’s consecration, do not at once supplant. If we are not mistaken, they have gone far to determine the method in much of the missionary work of the world.

But if we have read the New Testament correctly, the method against which these objections may be urged, is the one under which the first Christian missions were conducted—the one to which the teachings of the Master point, and which the example of his Apostles has endorsed. And the heathen among whom these primitive missions were conducted were just such as we find in the world to-day, only, if possible, more corrupt—a less promising material for a self-governing church.

It is certain, furthermore, that those primitive churches, organized on this scheme of Christian liberty, did get into difficulties—into just such difficulties as these objections suggest. The epistles give mournful evidence of this. The hearts of the Apostles were often heavy on account of it. And yet no other scheme was substituted for it until long after the Apostles’ day, and liberty, with all its dangers and all its inconveniences, was preferred to any yoke of bondage, however well contrived.

I believe that the Apostles were right in this, and that we do well to follow in their steps. It may be that we shall have trouble which, under a less democratic régime, we might have escaped; but these troubles, if the hearts that are exercised by them are really renewed, may be made means of grace; while, if there be lurking hypocrisy, it will be, by the same means, brought to light. And, then, the smothered discontent under a system of churchly government in distinction from Christian fellowship, may be more poisonous than even open disputes can be. Encourage the free and frank expression of what lies troublesome within; thus often a few words of explanation remove the cause of friction, or, possibly, the very effort to express one’s discontent reveals its futility and unreason. Furthermore, let me add, out of oft-repeated experiences, the suggestions of these brethren who have come out of the depths of _heathenism_, and know it as no words could possibly portray it, are often very wise. The superintendent of mission work, no matter how well schooled he be in the language and literature, the history, philosophy and laws of the people for whom he labors, can never know their heathenism as they know it themselves. A system which invites such suggestions, which encourages the idea that the work is not mine only, but theirs also, which thus nurtures frankness and freedom of utterance, has advantages which no system of constraint and repression can possibly secure.

And, then, it is only under conditions of liberty that the educating process can go on to best advantage. Men learn to swim, not by hearing lectures on the art, but _by swimming_; and men are educated up to manhood in Christ, to self-denial and self-control, only as they have it thrown upon them to control themselves. Men learn their weak points by being put to the test; and the weak are strengthened best by well-timed, well-measured exercise. And Christ has organized His churches with reference to this; not for the smoothest possible working of Gospel machinery, but for the highest possible attainment in faith and hope and love by each individual soul.

I venture to throw out these hints as indicating the principle on which our Chinese mission is conducted; and now I wish to testify, after so many years, that if it were possible to begin again, we could choose no other one than that, the underlying principle of the “Congregational way.”

GOLDEN WEDDING GIFTS.

From our Treasurer’s correspondence this month, we copy the two following items:

“We send you the accompanying draft. It is our Golden Wedding gift, April 1, 1879, which is the fiftieth anniversary of our married life. We want you to use it for the Christian and educational elevation of the poor Freedmen as you think best. We talked the subject over, and concluded to make you this gift in behalf of _them_, instead of making a fashionable golden wedding party for the entertainment of our fifty-year-old friends or our own personal benefit. With it you shall have our daily prayers for the ultimate success of so worthy a cause.”

“Enclosed please find my check for $——, donation of my “Lady Friends” at my Golden Wedding.”

* * * * *

RECEIPTS FOR APRIL, 1879.

MAINE, $175.49.

Bath. M. F. Gannett $10.00
Bethel. F. B. and H. C. B. 1.00
Blanchard. “A Friend.” 5.00
Brewer. First Cong. Ch., $10.83; First Cong.
Sab. Sch., $3.52, bal. to const. Mrs. Rev.
C. A. BECKWITH, L. M. 14.35
Brunswick. First Cong. Soc. 19.65
Falmouth. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.20
Foxcroft and Dover. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 36.28
Gorham. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 31.85
Hallowell. South Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Tougaloo
U._ 15.00
Hampden. L. H. 0.50
Lewiston. Rev. G. S. Dickerman 20.00
North Waterford. S. E. H. 1.00
Orono. First Cong. Ch. 1.56
St. Albans. First Cong. Ch. 1.60
Sweden. Cong. Ch. 5.00
Waterford. “H. E. and C. M. D.” $3 and box of
C.; Mrs. C. D. 50c 3.50

NEW HAMPSHIRE, $619.08.

Bristol. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 2.07
Chichester. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.76
Colebrook. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.12
Deerfield. ESTATE of Mrs. Merriam F. Brown, by
Joseph T. Brown, Ex. 347.81
Great Falls. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.00
Hanover. Dartmouth College Ch. 16.73
Lancaster. H. F. H. 1.00
Littleton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $19.43; Mrs. A.
J. C., 50c 19.93
Orfordville. D. T. H. 1.00
Marlborough. Ladies’ Aid Soc., box of C.
Mason. Cong. Ch. 5.00
Milford. Cong. Ch. to const. LOVEL HARRIS, L.
M. 34.31
Nashua. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 29.26
Newport. Cong. Ch. 39.73
Peterborough. Cong. Ch., $24.29; Mrs. E. C.
H., 51c 24.80
Pittsfield. “A Friend.” 10.00
South Amherst. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.56
Temple. Cong. Sab. Sch. 17.00
Wentworth. Ephraim Cook 5.00

VERMONT, $394.85.

Brookfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.00
Cambridge. Madison Safford 44.94
Clarendon. Rev. G. H. Morss, $5; “A Friend,”
$5; Mrs. J. N. P., $1 11.00
Danville. Cong. Sab. Sch. 11.00
Fair Haven. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 32.74
Newbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00
Saint Albans. Mrs. F. S. Stranahan, $42.71;
First Cong. Ch., Class in Sab. Sch., $25; H.
M. Stevens, $10, _for Student Aid, Fisk U._ 77.71
Saint Johnsbury. North Cong. Ch. 125.75
Shelburne. James D. Duncan, to const. HOYT G.
POST, L. M. 30.00
West Fairlee. Cong. Sab. Sch. 12.00
West Randolph. Miss Betsy Nichols 2.00
Williamstown. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.71
Windham. Cong. Ch. _for Student Aid, Fisk U._ 4.00
—— “A Friend,” 10.00

MASSACHUSETTS, $3,688.37.

Amherst. Mrs. R. A. Lester 50.00
Andover. Theo. Sem. Individuals by Edgar J.
Penney, $30 to const. ESTELLA CROSBY, L.
M.;—Ladies’ Soc. of Free Ch., $1.51 _for
Straight U._ 31.51
Andover. West Parish Cong. Ch. 50.00
Attleborough. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 65.00
Ayer. Mrs. C. A. Spaulding, _for Student Aid_ 25.00
Barre. Mrs. Edwin Wood, $1 and bbl. of C. 1.00
Bedford. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const.
Rev. GEO. E. LOVEJOY, L. M. 30.00
Belchertown. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.50
Blackstone. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.63
Boston. E. B. P. 1.00
Boxford. A. E. S. 1.00
Brookline. Harvard Cong. Ch. 68.96
Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Ch., $10.11;—Cash, $5
_for Chinese M._;—N. C. 50c 15.61
Cambridge. Mrs. J. S. S. 1.00
Clinton. “A. E. F.” $10; Ladies’ Benev. Soc of
Cong. Ch., bbl. of C. and $2.50 _for
Freight, for City Mission Work, Nashville,
Tenn._ 12.50
Concord. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.41
Conway. Mrs. Wm. Tilton 2.00
Dedham. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 183.61
East Hawley. “A Friend,” 2.00
Enfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.07
Florence. Florence Ch. 107.66
Fitchburgh. Ladies’ Benev. Soc. of Rollstone
Ch., Bbl of Bedding and C. _for Atlanta
U._;—W. L. B. $1 1.00
Foxborough. D. Carpenter, $40.; Orth. Cong.
Ch. and Soc. (ad’l) 75c 40.75
Gardener. First Cong. Ch. and Soc., $10; Mrs.
Knowlton, $1.50; Dea. H. B., 50c 12.00
Granby. Cong. Ch. $14.17;—Mrs. John Church’s
Sab. Sch. Class, _for Chinese M._ $6 20.17
Great Barrington. L. M. P. 1.00
Greenfield. Ladies’ Miss. Soc., bbl of bedding
and C., _for Atlanta U._
Holliston. John Batchelder 25.00
Housatonic. Dea. A. D. W. 1.00
Hyde Park. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.38
Ipswich. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.00
Lee. Cong. Sab. Sch. 75.00
Malden. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.85
Marlborough. Ladies’ Aid Soc., _for Freight_ 1.00
Melrose. Orth. Cong. Ch. and Soc. (ad’l) 0.50
Millbury. ESTATE of Hannah W. Stockwell, by
Geo. W. Rice, Ex. 207.49
Mittineaque. Luke Bliss, $50, _for Student
Aid, Atlanta U._;—Cong. Ch. $12.37 62.37
Monson. Cong. Ch. 15.72
Newburyport. Miss S. N. B. 0.50
Newton. Eliot Ch. (in part) 125.00
Newton Centre. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.,
$52.61;—Mrs. Furber’s Bible Class, $40, _for
Student Aid. Atlanta U._ 92.61
Newton Lower Falls. Mrs. H. H. Lord, box of
books and papers, _for Raleigh, N. C._
North Abington. “Friends,” $25, _for City
Mission Work, Nashville, Tenn._ 25.00
Northampton. ESTATE of J. P. Williston, by A.
L. Williston, Ex. 637.60
Northampton. First Cong. Ch. 65.44
Northborough. Box of C.
North Brookfield. First Cong. Ch., $50;—Miss
A. W. Johnson, trunk of C., _for Fisk U._ 50.00
North Middleborough. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 15.33
Oxford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 27.91
Peabody. Thomas Stimpson 100.00
Plympton. Cong. Ch. 1.00
Prescott. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00
Princeton. Ladies, by Anna H. Whitteker 2.00
Quincy. Cong. Sab. Sch., _for Student Aid,
Talladega C._ 13.00
Reading. Rev. W. H. Willcox, $58 _for Student
Aid, Atlanta U._; $100 _for Student Aid,
Fisk U._; $50 _for Girls’ Ind. Sch.,
Talladega C._, and $15 _for a Map for
Straight U._ 223.00
Reading. Mrs. Wm. W. 1.00
Royalston. H. M. Estabrook, to const. JOSEPH
ESTABROOK, L. M. 30.00
Rutland. First Cong. Ch., $16; Rev. G. S.
Dodge, $1.50 17.50
Somerville. Franklin St. Ch. and Soc. 130.00
South Braintree. A. P. W. 1.00
Springfield. South Cong. Ch., $25.02; C. H.
B., 25c 25.27
Templeton. Trin. Sab. Sch. Concert 3.09
Townsend. Mary B. Burnap 10.00
Upton. L. L. L. 1.00
Wakefield. Henry L. Haskell, _for Student Aid,
Atlanta U._ 5.00
Walpole. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 22.27
Ware. East Cong. Ch. and Soc., to const. WM.
F. CONEY, SILAS A. SPOONER, MRS. H. M.
CONEY, MARY BLOOD and SUSIE BOND, L. M.’s 384.50
Westfield. Cong. Ch., Mrs. Elizabeth F.
Strong, $12 _for Student Aid_, and $18 _for
furnishing a Dormitory, Straight U._ and to
const. Miss JOSEPHINE E. STRONG, L. M. 30.00
West Hampton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.00
Westminster. R. Merriam, _for Bibles_ 2.00
West Newton. Miss Ann Miller 20.00
Whitinsville. ESTATE of E. W. Fletcher, by
Chas P. Whitin, Ex. 100.00
Williamsburgh. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.31
Williamstown. First Cong. Ch. 11.35
Wilmington. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 43.00
Worcester. Central Cong. Ch. 150.00

RHODE ISLAND, $1.

Providence. L. M. W. 1.00

CONNECTICUT, $2,851.25.